短文改错专题训练---代词
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短文改错专题训练——代词
代词是用以代替名词、形容词或数词的词。分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词9种。在语法填空题中,人称代词、物主代词、反身代词常以给出提示词的形式考查(有时人称代词it、me和反身代词也以纯空格的形式考查,多是一些习惯用法和口语中),不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词则常以纯空格的形式考查。而在短文改错中,这些词的考点则为各种代词的误用或漏用,其常考点如下:
一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词考点
1. 张冠李戴,前后人称不一致
如:We must find ways to protect your environment.
You should believe in myself.
2.前后单复数不一致
如:I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it .
3.前后性别不一致
如:Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him .
4.主格宾格不分(人称代词的主格在句中作主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语)
如:I gave he an interesting story book.
5.物主代词的漏用、误用
物主代词的误用一般是其形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之间的误用,有时也会是物主代词和人称代词之间的误用。
如:What’s you name? She is a friend of my . This is mine bag.
6.系统掌握it的各种用法
(1)作为第三人称单数,指代动物、物品、时间、天气、距离或环境等;
(2)指代上文提到的事物、群体或想法等;
(3)指代性别不明的人,也可指代谈话双方都心知肚明的事;
(4)it作形式主语或形式宾语和其他一些常用句型(考查代词的话一般以少it的形式或误用this/that/as代替) 常见结构有:
(1)作形式主语:
It is/was no use/good/fun doing sth. 做什么事是(没有)有用的/ 有好处的/有乐趣的
It is/was +adj.+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth. 做什么事(对某人来说)是......的。
(常用形容词为difficult, hard,important, possible, necessary, easy, not easy, impossible,kind等,修饰人就用of sb, 修饰实事物就用for sb.)
It is /was a pity/ a fact that.....可惜的是.... / 事实是.....
It is/was no wonder that.....难怪....
It is/was certain/ necessary/ strange that..... 一定是.... / 有必要..... /奇怪的是...
It seems/ appears(seemed/ appeared) that.... 似乎,好像....
It happens/ happened that... 碰巧It turns/turned out that.... 结果是It is/was+过去分词(believed / reported/ said/suggested/ thought等)+ that....
人们相信.../ 据报道.../ 据说.../ 有人建议.../ 大家认为...
It takes/took sb.+时间/金钱+ to do sth. 做...事花费某人多少时间或金钱
(2)it 作形式宾语
主语+find/ believe/ make/ think/ feel/ notice+ it+adj+ to do sth./ 名词性从句
在某些习惯用法中,如在hate, like, love, appreciate 等词后,接由if或when引导的从句时,往往用it 作形式宾语。如:I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.
(3)其他常用句式:
①强调句型:It is/ was +被强调部分+that+ 句子其他成分。
②某人第几次做某事:It is the first /second....time + that从句(从句时态用现在完成时)
It was the first/ second...time+ that从句(从句时态用过去完成时)
③该到某人做...的时候了:It is (high/about) time+ that 从句(从句时态用过去式或“should+动原)
④过多久才...: It was/ will be +时间段+ before......
⑤不久...就....: It was not/ will not be +时间段+before......
⑥自从...以来有:It is / has been+ 时间段+since.... (since后的句子时态常用一般过去时)
(在过去说)自从...以来有:It was +时间段+since.... (since后的句子时态常用过去完成时)如:It is five years since I enjoyed the delicious cake. It was five years since her father had died.
⑦带it 的习语
make it 获得成功,准时到达take it easy 放松点儿,别着急get it 理解,明白
see to it that.... 务必.... depend on it that... 依靠... That’s it. 那就对了,就是这样I can’t help it. 我没有办法take it for granted that.... 认为...是理所当然的
附:一些人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的习惯用法