英语专业8级2012年英译汉试卷评析
2012年英语专业八级真题和答案详解
2012年英语专业八级真题和答案详解TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to themini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour -- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings’ novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creativepersonality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee’s suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan’s economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan’s slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5. PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I’d been oblivious to my “water footprint”, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. TheDutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the “Green Blue Book” by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I’ve installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I’ve set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I’ve even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I’ve been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I’ve saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the “Green Blue Book” website and usedits water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I’m using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I’m hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I’m serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they’re madefrom water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend’s swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I’d been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes’ outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It’s one I’m trying, and that’s had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green BlueBook.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author’s feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advancedwater-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, “...how mv own actions factored in” me ansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed tofreshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. “My entire closet is borderline Olympic” is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph’?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous. TEXT BIn her novel of “Reunion, American Style”, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do bett er than I?”Jaffe’s observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted bysocial psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren’t there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis.In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year.A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumniof Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions onparticipation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions” for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics.” If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparac ino’s studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe’s statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in highschool study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees’ intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned asa distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one’s recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the firstparagraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe’s novel.B. present the author’s counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author’s argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications. TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn’t. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George’s, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light ofthe shoemaker’s window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window.“What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?” Mr. Cattanzara asked. “l see you walkin’ around at night.”George felt embarrassed. “I like to walk.”“What are you doin’ in the day now?”“Nothing much just now. I’m waiting for a job.” Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn’t working, George said, “I’m reading a lot to pick up my education.”“What are you readin’?”George hesitated, then said, “I got a list of books in the library once and now I’m gonna read them this summer.” He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him.“How many books are there on it?”“I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred.”Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth.“I figure if l did that,” George went on earnestly, “it would help me in my education. 1 don’t mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean.”The change maker nodded. “S till and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.”“It might take longer.”“After you’re finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?” said Mr. Cattanzara.“When I’m finished,” George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophieknew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George’s reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he’s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach-in” honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciationfor the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don’t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can’t afford to lose.Compare this year’s celebration with the Lincoln cente nnial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln’s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln’s presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acutesense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l’m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we laterwatched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But he’s so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have los t the language to explain Lincoln’s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We’ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What’s often missing, though, is the timelessLincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we’ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year’s celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 cel ebrations different from this year’s?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln’s presidency.28. In the author’s opinion, thecounter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln’s greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man’s achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers. PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. “The lettuce was lonely wit hout tomatoes and cucumbers for company” is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of” situation i s calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety. PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)。
2012专八翻译解析
十多年前以《盐田儿女》感动无数读者的小说家蔡素芬沈潜10年后，日前推出了最新长篇 小说《烛光盛宴》。 蔡素芬在文坛属“早慧”型，念台湾淡江大学中文系时即获文学奖，获奖的短篇小说写 的是大陆探亲故事。许多老先生、老太太读了之后写信给蔡素芬，与她分享自己的流离往事。 蔡素芬把这些故事放在心里10多年，直到步入中年，发觉自己可以捕捉这些人物内在情感了 才开始下笔，跨越世代、时空、族群的《烛光盛宴》于是诞生。 蔡素芬作品都有个共同命题：在大时代的变动中，个人的命运怎么回应？《盐田儿女》 传神写下台湾农业社会转型至工商社会，一对青梅竹马的生命刻痕。《烛光盛宴》则描写一 个大陆老太太，颠沛流离来到台湾，与一个台湾老太太建立起的数十年友谊？故事，并巧妙 穿插“书写者”的角色，堆栈出历史纵深，交织出3个女子的命运经纬。 书中大部分场景都在台湾眷村，蔡素芬将生活氛围描绘得栩栩如生。没有眷村生活经验 的她，说这都是做功课加上想象得来，写作时也没去思考“眷村文学”的脉络，拿到一个好 的题材，我只会想，怎么写才对得起它。而这次，在小说形式上，蔡素芬不再从年轻写到老， 而是双线平行叙述，如宴席上菜方式一道一道铺展，细腻而繁复，这种跳跃的形式，可以把 某些过程留白，以文字去索引。 《烛光盛宴》2000年开始动笔，写作是要跟人的脑力与潜力挑战，需要的是纯净的心灵， 并不是有一大段空暇时间，就能写出来。而这时，已写出几部重要作品的蔡素芬也意识到， 写作对她而言是一件很虔敬的事，她笑说：“写《烛光盛宴》时，我要求自己身心状况都很 良好时才下笔，几乎可以说是斋戒沐浴了。”
泊珍看他第一眼，彷似一声雷劈头而来，令她曼头涨脑，这一岁 的 孩子脸型长相如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去 痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉 而 上。院长说这孩子发肓迟缓时，她更是心头无绪，她在肓生所 待的房里 来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩，每人一张围着栅栏的 床，整个房间只 有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑，就让这孩子留下来吧 ，这里有善心的神父和 修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看 护中心，这是留住孩子最好的 地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘 密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 她将秘密留在心头。 她专心倣生意，她觉得人生剩下的只有不断地赚钱养育孩子，和 对 往曰某些美好时光的眷恋，即使这些时光如此短暂，但也因为 短暂而弥 足珍贵，她家乡的好山好水、她和桂花的姐妹情谊、留 在心中的曾有过 的感情，这些美好的部分就够安慰她的余生。她 心里也惦念留在家乡的 那些人，她的两个孩子、她的父亲，他们 都不再有音讯，他们随着时光 的流逝，成为心里一个遥远的山水 风景，成为眼里模糊的泪水。
2002-2012专八翻译真题及参考答案
2002年E-C：The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a w inner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds auth entically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rath er, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, mainta ining pretence(伪装) and manipulating(操纵) others. They are aware that there is a differenc e between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between be ing knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.参考译文：胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。
最新英语专八真题及其答案
2012年英语专业八级真题及参考答案TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japans slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- Im using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If Im serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, familyreunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacinos studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffes statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off ones recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffes novel.B. present the authors counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the authors argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasnt. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after Georges, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemakers window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin in the day now?""Nothing much just now. Im waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasnt working, George said, "Im reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now Im gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 dont mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After youre finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When Im finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at Georges reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthdayarrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what lm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But hes so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing,, though, i, s the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hin, t of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the mos, , t visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this years celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this years?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great mans achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This isa (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. varietyPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "L" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the(2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______。
2012专八翻译真题
Agony gathered in heart,depression suffused in the chest, she felt a current of air rushing out from the stomach and a burning between eyebrows. when the president said that the kid was in delayed development, she even lost her mind. she walked back and forth in the room where other children stayed. It was one-window room out of which some shadows of trees were dancing. Just leave the child here, it would be the best place for this child to live. There were kind priests and sisters and it would be developed into a nursing center with medical function. she left her child as a secret in the buildings sheltered the woods.然而上述政策反而为更多的校园暴力创造了更多条件。
一些大学生先前处于保安人员严密的监控之下，在夜总会的酒吧喝酒（更不用说想保住酒水许可证的酒家）。
现在，大学生们躲到他们联谊的房子和公寓中，在那里对不用控制自己的行为——喝酒。
在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。
近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。
但随着警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨以来，那些便宜的替代品开始和价格暴跌的街头毒品抢占市场。
2012年英语专业八级真题解析
专八 2012 - 1 1
classified as "observation with intervention" or "observation without intervention". Observation with inter vention can be made in at least two ways, [ 11]participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation, observers, that is researchers, play a dual role: They observe people's behaviour and they par ticipate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being (!bserved lmow that the ob server is present to collect information about their behaviour, this is undisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those who are being observed do not lmow that they are being ob served.
2012年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT:150MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now,listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check you work.Observation BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However,there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.【答案与解析】(1)rare(no)formal records细节题。
2012年英语专业八级考试真题 中译英
2012年英语专业八级考试真题中译英In recent years, the English Proficiency Test for English Majors (TEM-8) has become an important benchmark for measuring the English language proficiency of Chinese students majoring in English. The test is designed to assess students' listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. This document aims to provide an analysis of the 2012 TEM-8 exam and offer insights into the challenges faced by test-takers.The listening section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of three parts: short conversations, news reports, and academic lectures. Test-takers were required to listen carefully and answer multiple-choice questions based on the recordings. The difficulty level of the listening section was moderate, with some challenging vocabulary and complex sentence structures. It tested students' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts.The reading section of the exam included passages from newspapers, magazines, and academic journals. Test-takers had to read the passages and answer multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, and complete summaries. The reading materials covered a wide range of topics, such as politics, culture, science, and technology. The questions were designed to assess students' reading comprehension skills and their ability to infer information from the texts. The difficulty level of the reading section was relatively high, requiring test-takers to have a good command of vocabulary and strong reading skills.The writing section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of two tasks: an essay and a letter or report. Test-takers were given a choice of topics for the essay and had to write a coherent and well-structured piece of writing within a specified time limit. The letter or report task required test-takers to write a formal letter or a report based on a given situation. The writing section assessed students' ability to express their ideas clearly and concisely, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and organize their writing effectively.The translation section of the exam tested test-takers' ability to translate from Chinese to English and from English to Chinese. The Chinese-to-English translation taskrequired test-takers to translate a passage from Chinese into English, while the English-to-Chinese translation task required them to translate a passage from English into Chinese. The translation section assessed students' language proficiency, including their understanding of idiomatic expressions, grammar, and vocabulary in both languages.Overall, the 2012 TEM-8 exam posed significant challenges for test-takers. The listening section required them to have good listening skills and the ability to understand English spoken at a native-like speed. The reading section tested their reading comprehension abilities and their knowledge of various topics. The writing section assessed their ability to express their ideas effectively in written English. The translation section evaluated their language proficiency in both Chinese and English.To succeed in the TEM-8 exam, test-takers need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the English language and improve their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. They should practice listening to English recordings, reading a variety of English texts, writing essays and reports, and translating between Chinese and English. By doing so, test-takers can enhance their language proficiency and increase their chances of achieving a high score in the TEM-8 exam.In conclusion, the 2012 TEM-8 exam was a comprehensive assessment of English language proficiency for Chinese students majoring in English. It tested their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills, and posed significant challenges. To succeed in the exam, test-takers need to develop a strong command of the English language and practice extensively in all tested areas. With dedication and effort, they can improve their language skills and achieve success in the TEM-8 exam.。
2012专八TEM8真题答案(附阅读翻译真题出处)
2012专业八级真题答案PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSIONMini-lecture1: rarely formal records2: systematic objective manner3: variable4: situation sampling5: vary6: advantage7: as it occurs8: have more control9: in natural setting10: methodInterview1: creative people focus on novel thinking rather than solution2: comes from both environmental and genetic makeup3: two4: critical5: the environment is significant in the creative processNews broadcast6: a problem in the cooling system was solved7: the Philippines8: to expose cases of child abuse and punishment9: 4 percent10: 2PART TWO READING COMPREHENSIONText A11、C worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purpose12、A he made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way13、A how I could contribute to water conservation14、B his clothes used even more virtual water15、A exaggeration16、D humorous文章来源：《洛杉矶时报》/2010/mar/13/home/la-hm-realist-20100313Text B17、C found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.18、A US class reunions are usually occ asions to show off one’s recent success.19、D shared undergraduate experience on campus20、D bring into focus contrasting opinions21、A reasons for popularity and (not)attendance for alumni reunions文章来源：书籍：《Sociological Snapshots 5》/books ... ;dq=%E2%80%9C+JaffeTEXT C22. A. showed a wide interest.23. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.24. A. remained the same as usual.25. C. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.文章来源："A Summer's Reading" by Bernard Malamud/grade-11-u/literature/a-summer-s-readingTEXT D26. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen27. respect for great people and their influence28. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln29. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes30. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time文章来源《Political News: Abraham Lincoln turns 200》2009/02/04https:///2009_02_04_archive.htmlPART THREE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE、31: new Zealand32: state33: July 4th34: the Arctic Ocean35: T.S.Eliot36: William Faulkner37: personification38: sequential rule39: Disco40: registerPART FOUR PROOF-READING AND ERROR CORRECTION1. going 后加on2. certain 改成some3. rather 后加than4. is 改为was5. in 改为at6. 去掉the7. view 后加that8. 删掉was9. statement 改为statements10.and 改为butPART FIVE TRANSLATION汉译英：Her heart full of pain, between eyebrows burning, chest stifled, a stream of gas surged from her stomach out of her throat. The dean remarked that the child grew laggardly, which made her even more worried and lost. She walked up and down in the house, which had only one window. Beyond the window, the shadows of trees confused. There were also other children in the house. Just leave the child here. It had benevolent priests and sisters and would develop into a nursing center with medical function. This was the best place for this child, who was her secret and she would stash this secret into the building among thick forests.文章出处：台湾作家蔡素芬《烛光盛宴》英译汉：然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。
2012年专八真题及解析星火官方发布版
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2012-2021专八翻译真题及答案
C-E:痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。
院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪，她在育生所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩，每人一张围着栅栏的床，整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑，就让这孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。
这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. “Just leave it here”，she told herself, “This is the best choice by far, for th ere are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center”.The child was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods.C-E:生活就像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从其中品出无穷无尽的美妙。
2012年专八翻译_参考答案
2012年英语专业八级真题及答案SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH泊珍看他第一眼，彷似一声雷劈头而来，令她晕头涨脑，这一岁的孩子脸型长相如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去！痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。
院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪，她在育生所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩，每人一张围着栅栏的床，整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑，就让这孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。
这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
她将秘密留在心头。
参考译文：Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows．Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment．She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation．She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals．There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. Just leave the child here. There are kind-hearted priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center．It is the best place to keep the child. The child was her secret and she kept the secret in the building behind the woods.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEIn some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place.The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill．State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence．Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their drinking．The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs．During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs．As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品）confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace．Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace.boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖参考译文：然而这样一些政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。
2012英语专业八级翻译真题
2012八级翻译真题PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。
但泊珍看他第一眼，仿似一声雷劈头而来。
令她晕头胀脑，这l岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。
院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。
她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。
整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。
就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。
这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
她将秘密留在心头。
参考答案：With pains gathering in her heart, she felt something burning hot between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression and sorrow which was about to run out of her throat in any moment. She could not think straight when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where other children were staying. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were dancing. “Just leave it here”, she thought to herself, “This might be the best choice. There are kind-hearted priests and nuns and the place will be renovated into a Medicare C enter”. The child would be her secret kept in the buildings behind the woods.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place.The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people. But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars andlounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers (夜总会,酒吧等保安人员) (not to mention owners ea~er to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their drinking.The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband (违禁品）confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap altematives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. boomerang: a curved flat piece of wood that can be thrown so as to return to the thrower 回飞镖参考答案：相反的是，上述政策似乎引发了更多的校园暴力。
从叙述视角简析2012年英语专业八级汉译英网络译文
２ １年 英 语 专 ＿ ／ 级 考 试 刚 刚 落 下 帷 幕 ， 网络 上 开 始 传 ０２ ， Ｅ Ｉ Ｐ 出各 种 答 案 版 本 。２ １ 年 翻 译 部 分 汉 译 英 原 文 选 自台湾 作 家 ０２
蔡 素 芬 的新 书 《 光盛 宴 》 五 章 《 点 》 烛 第 甜 。该 小 说 讲 述 的 是 大 陆小 姐 泊 珍 、 湾 女子 菊 子 ， 台 以及 故 事 代 述 者 的现 代 女 性 “ ” 我
三位 女 子 在 台湾 眷 村 的情 欲 往 事 ， 种 身 份 、 段 时 空交 错 浓 三 三 缩 了 台湾 近 六 十 年 的历 史 ， 交 织 出 三 个 女 子 命 运 的经 纬 ． 也 被 认 为是 一 部 “ 爱 情 包 装 国 族 历 史 ” 家 国史 诗 。汉 译 英 部 分 以 的 给 出 共 约 ３ ０ （ 为 ２ ３ ） 段 落 ， 求 考 生 将 画 线 段 落 翻 ０字 实 ６字 的 要 译 成 目的语 。这 种 形 式 充 分 考 虑 到 了 翻译 的 “ 操 作 性 、 贯 可 连 性 和 篇章 整体 性 ” …（ 因 此 要 求 考 生 有 更 强 的语 篇 意 识 ． ， 不 但 要 考 虑 如何 实现 段 内 的衔 接 连 贯 ， 且 要 突 破 段 界 ． 注 上 而 关 下 段 落 故 事 的叙 述 走 向 。 本文 从 叙 述 视 角 ， 究 网络 上 两 个 流 研 传 甚 广 的 译 文 版本 ， 析 其 得 失 ， 讨 在 文 学 语 篇 汉 英 翻 译 中 分 探
、
“ 角 ” 叙 事 学 中 常 用 的 术 语 ， 单 地 讲 ， 是 指 叙 述 时 视 是 简 就 观 察 和 呈 现 故 事 的 角 度 。 视 角 一 直 是 学 界 关 注 的一 个 中心 问 题 ，０ 纪 以来 ， 方 学 者 对 小 说 的 关 注 从 重 视 道 德 意 义 忽 略 ２世 西 形 式 技 巧 开 始 转 向 了 关 注 小 说 本 身 的 叙 事 技 巧 上 ，现 代 小 说 理 论 奠 基 人 福 楼 拜 与 亨利 ・ 姆 斯 就 将 小 说 视 为 一 种 自足 的 詹 艺 术 有 机 体 ， 注 意力 转 向 了小 说 的叙 述 技 巧 上来 。 珀 西 ・ 把 卢 伯克在《 小说 技 巧 》 １２ ） （９ １ 中断 言小 说 的复 杂 表 达 方 法 归 根 结 底就是视角问题 ， 马克・ 而 肖勒 在 《 为 发 现 的 技 巧 》 １４ ） 作 （９ ８ 将 视角提升到“ 界定 主题 ” 的位 置 。２ 可 以说 ， 角 在 小说 中 占 ｌ （ 视 有 毋 庸 置 疑 的 位 置 与 电影 、 剧 不 同 ， 说 的 视 角 需 要 通 过 文 字 表 达 实 现 ， 戏 小 而在 特 定 的视 角 下 的叙 述 文 字 一 般 总 是 同 时涉 及 叙 述 者 和感 知 者 ， 自看 自说 的全 知叙 述 中 两 者 合 二 为 一 ， 在 而在 用 人 物感 知 代 替 叙 述 者 的规 察 时 ， 者 则 相 互 分 离 。 国叙 事 学 家 热奈 两 法 特 明 确 在 《 述 话 语 》 提 出 了 “ 看 ” “ 说 ” 概 念 ， 清 叙 中 谁 和 谁 的 廓 两者 之 间 的 区 别 ， 用 “ ｃｌａｉ ” 聚 焦 ） 替 “ｏｎ ｏ ｖ ｗ 并 ｆ ａ ｚｔ ｎ （ ｏ ｉ ｏ 代 ｐｉｔ ｆ ｉ ” ｅ （ 角 ） 热奈特 区分了三大类聚焦模 式 ： 一是 “ 聚焦” 视 。 第 零 或 “ 聚 焦 ” 第 二是 “ 无 ； 内聚 焦 ” 第 三 是 “ 聚 焦 ” Ｉ －） 述 者 ； 外 。 ３ ３叙 ＿ ｏ （ 采 用 不 同 的聚 焦 模 式 ， 而 给予 故 事 不 同 的 呈 现方 式 。 述 者 从 叙
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翻译未划线部分，即使翻了，评卷老师也不会因此而多给分。
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
雷同试卷增多。关键词：1、陶醉于；2、撤退到„避难中； 3、自食 其果的行为；4、零售药物；5、一度暴涨至；6、糟糕的是。 六个中有四个便为雷同卷 错别字频出 词汇量有限 中文功底差，表达不通 平均分：4-5分
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
2、 评分总体标准
如原文中所标注，第一段2分，第二段3分，第三段1分，第四段1分， 第五段2分，第六段1分，每段内部标注的分数段只作参考，阅卷员可在 整段框架内灵活掌握，统筹给分。
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
SCORING SCALE (ENGLISH TO CHINESE ) GRADE 5 SCORE 10-9 DESCRIPTION: EXCELLENT TRANSLATION The translation faithfully reflects all the original passage with only 1 or 2
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
GRADE 1 SCORE 2-1 DESCRIPTION: POOR TRANSLATION The translation reflects less than half of the original passage. Almost all sentences contain errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, for the most parts, unreadable.
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
忠实原意 忠实原意是指原文的信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致。译 者要对原文的思想、语气、精神实质、风格有透彻的理解和准确的把 握。但对忠实的理解不能太片面。有些考生在互译时过分看中原文和 译文在字面和结构上的对等，不敢有丝毫的突破，必然的结果是导致 死译。
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
GRADE 2 SCORE 4-3 DESCRIPTION: INADEQUATE TRANSLATION WITH FREQUENT INACCURACIES The translation only reflects about half of the original passage with frequent errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, in some parts, unreadable.
方面，未涉及科学技术的任何方面。从内容上看，主要涉及人文哲人的
思想、风俗习惯、城市及公共机构的介绍、国际关系及国际政治、个人 见闻及随想等方面，未涉及任何专门学术领域的知识。
提示语：为了帮助考生更好地理解待翻译的篇段，一般都提供较多的
上下文，有时在要翻译的篇段之前，有时在之后，有时前后皆有。所以 ，在八级考试做翻译部分时，考生务必只翻译划线部分，绝对没有必要
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. (1分) a.最近几年中，联邦政府已经非常成功地降低了街道毒品的流通量。 b.近些年来，联邦政府在控制街头毒品供应/来源方面成绩斐然。
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
GRADE 4 SCORE 8-7 DESCRIPTION: GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES The translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth and cohesive).
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
阅卷系统翻译标准： 译文忠实性 语言适切性 （注：业八级考试在线课堂
3、阅卷总体性评价
选材：文学、散文篇章为主。英译汉涉及散文、论说和评论这三种文 体。英译汉以散文（杂文）为主，占十分之六，论说文次之，占十分之 三，时事评论最少，仅占十分之一。从语域上看，主要涉及人文历史诸
暴力情况。
参考译文：然而事与愿违，这些政策似乎为滋生更多的校园暴力创 造了条件。
典型错误：„„造成校园暴力的情形/情况
点评： but，however后边是重点，阅读时出现but或 however时，考 试题目肯定是考察它后面的内容。
TEM8(2012)英译汉试卷评析
上海财经大学 刘宝权副教授
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
主讲人刘宝权副教授简介
英语语言测试学博士，上海财经大学商务英语专业教研室主任，英语 语言文学专业硕士生导师 全国大学英语四、六级网考财大命题点负责人 全国商务英语专业考试与培训专家委员会副主任 全国商务英语专业考试与培训专家委员会四级考试项目工作组副组 长 参与英语专业四、八级考试的预测、大纲修订等相关工作 财大BEC口试考官组组长 上海市中高级口译资格证书考试第一阶段笔试阅卷人，第二阶段口试 考官 2008年7月至8月英国培生语言考试中心（Pearson Language Tests）试 题敏感度复查组成员 2008年美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校访问学者 先后到美国、英国、法国、比利时、加拿大、墨西哥、日本、泰国 等多个国家交流访学
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
讲座提纲
1、针对试卷原文的分析理解 2、评分总体标准 3、阅卷总体性评价
4、学生翻译试卷点评
5、常见错误总结 6、翻译策略
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
1、针对试卷原文的分析理解
But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. (2分) a.但是这些政策似乎反而为更多的校园暴力创造了条件。
b.然而事与愿违，这些政策似乎为滋生更多的校园暴力创造了条件。
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under watchful supervision of bouncers (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior — or their drinking.(3分) a.一些大学生，他们以前在酒吧和夜总会等场所饮酒，有保安人员 的监管（更不要说有些店主，他们渴望保住自己的买酒营业执照了 ），而现在他们却躲到大学生联谊会所和公寓房里，不再有人控制 他们的行为或饮酒。 b.原来到酒吧和休息室喝酒的大学生还会受到酒吧保安人员的监管
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
4、学生翻译试卷点评
1） But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. (2分) 学生译文：但是如此的政策似乎替代了已经创造的更为严重的校园
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
下面就翻译的标准做进一步阐释 新考试大纲规定的翻译标准为：译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅 。为了达到这两个标准，有一个步骤是必不可少的，那就是正确理解 原文。几乎所有的翻译过程都要经历这两个阶段：一是正确理解原文 ；二是确切表达原文。考生在拿到翻译的文章后，一定要先通读全文 、然后再逐段、逐句、逐词地分析原文。有了准确的理解，忠实的表 达才成为可能。但是这两者之间也不是截然分开的，而是相互渗透、 相互依托的。
（更不用说那些极力想保住售酒执照的店主们了）。而现在，他们
干脆躲在大学生联谊会所和公寓里放任饮酒，不受束缚。
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs.(1分) a.“回飞镖效应”也可产生于（出现于）试图降低违禁毒品的流通 方面。 b.同样，人们试图降低违禁毒品在市面的流通时，也可产生“回飞 镖效应”。
英语专业八级考试在线课堂
As fields are burned and contraband confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. (2分) a.由于毒品种植园被焚烧，违禁品被没收，街道毒品的价格随之飞涨 ，廉价的替代品开始竞争市场。 b.焚烧了种植田地，没收了违禁品，结果随之而来的便是街头毒品价 格飞涨，为此，廉价替代品开始竞相抢占市场。
minor lexical errors. It adequately reflects the style and tone of the original