Unit 14-15技术术语和商务报告的翻译
商务翻译(汉译英) Unit 14 来自国外的管理人员_OK
On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastics chair resting to restore energy.
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厨房里少了一条鱼，主人发誓要一查到底，揪出偷鱼的 贼。
Finding a fish in kitchen was lost, the host swore to find out the thief who stole the fish.
尽管汉语中似乎有“厨房”“主人”两个主语，译者果 断地选定了the host作主语。打点清晰，增强了句子的内聚力。
（美国对台）“三不政策” 会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。 One day I shall climb Clear to the summit,s appear as they lie below me （新西兰人路易•艾黎译《杜甫•望岳》）
一个高度近视的女博士去擦鞋店擦高统靴，秃头老板 亲自蹲下来给她效劳。
When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopic went to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins，the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.
在纪念大学毕业20周年聚会时，我忽然问起原来的班 主任：“我个子又不矮，怎么把我安排在了第一排呢？”
At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:' Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?'
商务英语听说unit 14
As the sales director of China Import and Export Textile Company, I am responsible for responding to the product inquiry and making the initial price quotation. Recent years we have made a lot of deals with foreign companies. These companies have found that our products are popular in the market and the prices we quoted are reasonable. Therefore our business partners are increasing. In this case, we need to develop more favorable conditions. In our negotiation, discount is the buzzword. People talk about discount frequently. As our general guideline, we do not offer discount in our trade. However, in order to promote business, we offer discount to our business partners. In this way, we have gained much more trade opportunities.
Unit 14
Inquiry and Offer 询盘和报盘
Part I listening
第14单元 商务信函类语篇的翻译
二、Classification of business letters
通常会有以下两种分类方式：
（一）以信息功能为主
1. 建立业务关系函（cooperation intention） 介绍己方如何获得对方公司的信息，并表达与对方建立业务的愿
望。语言言简意赅、情真意切、礼貌得体，以留下深刻印象，为合 作打好基础。 2. 产品推销函（promotion）
第十四单元 商务信函语篇的翻译
（Translation of Business Letters）
一、Definition of business letters
商务信函（business letters）是商务活 动中书面交流信息的主要手段之一，是商业 贸易往来所使用的通信形式。是企业对外公 共宣传关系中重要的手段，对于树立良好的 公司形象有着极为重要的意义。
三
遵循“忠实、通 注意信函结构 顺”的翻译标准 化程式化的翻
译
运用套译的 翻译方法
四
商业信函翻 译实例分析
（一）遵循“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准
首先，应当准确、忠实地再现原文信函的思想内容及风格 特征。准确达意、简洁明了是英文商务信函的基本特征，因此， 合格的译文也理应具备这些特征。例如：“offer”我们可以翻译 Se为c 1“提供、建议”，但在特定的书信中，“offer”则只能翻译为 “要约（要约是当事人一方向对方发出的希望与对方订立合同 Se的c 2意思表示。发出要约的一方称要约人，接收要约的一方称受 要约人）、发盘（交易的一方为了销售或购买一批商品，向对
Sec 4
方提出有关的交易条件，并表示愿按这些条件达成一笔交易， Se这c 6种意思表示的行为称作发盘）”，相应的“offferer、offeree”
商英Units 1-15词汇翻译
Unit 1 The three sectors of the economy Words and Expressionsinfrastructure基础建设，基础设施aluminum 铝amusement 消遣，娱乐scatter 散开，分散mosaic 马赛克commotion 混乱，骚动Semis半成品，半决赛bauxite 铝土矿Spout喷出，喷射Component成分，零件，要素retail outlet 零售店added value附加值Myriad无数的，多种的solid substance 固态的，固体物Pattern模式，花样on a business trip出差change course改变航向，改变路线，转向cram sth into sth放入traffic jam塞车be oblivious of 忘却give no thought to 不要去想fit into 适合，纳入，与融为一体switch on打开，启用，接入It occurs to sb to do sth 它发生在某人去做某事to the extent that 达到某种程度Three sectors of economy:Primary sector: agriculture, extraction of raw material from the earth第一产业农业，从地球提取原料Secondary sector: manufacturing industry 第二产业制造业Tertiary sector (service industry; service sector): commercial services such as banking, education, health care entertainment and tourism.第三产业服务业，商业服务比如银行，教育，健康，娱乐和旅游。
商务英语Unit14参考答案
Unit 14 LeadershipPart I Business V ocabulary1 As we are one of the leading importers in this line, we are _______ D _____ to handle large quantities.A at a positionB of a positionC on a positionD in a position2 We offer you the following items _______D _______ your reply reaching here by May21 our time.A subjecting toB to subject toC subjects toD subject to3 ______ A _____ your prices be in line, you will find a ready market for the products.A ShouldB To provideC ProvidedD Provide4 We confirm our e-mail of yesterday, _______ C ________ as follows.A readsB readC which readsD which reading5 Our latest design has won worldwideB.A popularB popularityC popularlyD popularize6 Art. No. 823 enjoys the fame of wideC.A sellingB salableC salesD sell7 As the goods are __ A _ great demand we regret being unable to cover your requirements.A inB onC ofD having8 Your payment terms are Dto us.A agreeB agreedC agreementD agreeable9 We would suggest _______ B ______ your own interest that you fax us your acceptance as soon as possible.A withB inC forD at10 Their latest products are ______B ________.A on scare supplyB in short supplyC Not preparingD with abundant supply11 We cannot _________B________ our offer open for more than three days, so please fax us your acceptance immediately.A haveB leaveC remainD make12 We are _________ D ______ your letter of June 24 offering us 50 metric tons of Groundnut Kernels.A at receipt ofB on receipt forC in receipt forD in receipt of13 Some customers requested us to ______ D _______ our price because they considered it too high.A put downB get downC take downD bring down14 Great demand in the market resulted ______A_______ the increasing prices of the digital cameras.A inB fromC forD at15 _________ B ______ we appreciate your intention, we regret that we cannot entertain any fresh order.A AsB ThoughC MuchD So16 _________ B _________ we would like to supply you with the product, we are unable to fill your order.A As much asB Much asC Very muchD As17 __________ C ______ heavy commitments, we cannot accept any fresh orders.A SinceB BecauseC Owing toD As18 We are fully aware _______ A _______ the trouble you are faced with.A ofB inC atD /19 Increased productions results _____C _____ the adoption of new production method.A inB atC fromD on20 The Buyers demand that the goods _________ D _________ within a week.A must shipB should shipC must be shippedD be shippedPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 首席执行官ChiefExecutive Officer2 资本结构capital structure3 宗教价值观religious values4 语音邮件voice-mail5 信息量volume of information6 商业领导Business Leader7 现任职位present position8 个人素质personal qualities9 管理理念management style10 业绩记录trackrecord11 商业技能commercial skill12 营销战略Marketing Strategy13 决策decision-making14 现金奖励Cashreward15 年终奖end-of-year bonus16 职业发展计划career development plan17 销售代表SalesRepresentative18 股东价值shareholder value19 财富创造者wealth creator20 两位数增长Double-digit growthPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation onthe Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1. The word “manager” has too often come to be synonymous with control.“经理”这一词总给人一种和控制相类似的感觉.2. The world will belong to passionate, driven leaders – people who not only have enormous amounts of energy but who can energize those whom they lead.世界将属于那些富有热情,干劲十足的领导人.不仅要有巨大的活力,还要能够激励他们领导的员工.3. Above all else good leaders are open. They go up, down, and around their organizations to reach people.最重要的是好领导都是开诚布公的。
商务英语 Unit14 [武汉理工]
![商务英语 Unit14 [武汉理工]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b5cfa84327d3240c8447efe4.png)
Business Dialogue
Display and Marketing of Samples
Dialogue 1 Zhang: Yes, they’re in the exhibition hall. Most of our products are on display there. Would you like to have a look? Brown: Certainly. I’d be glad to. Zhang: Can I show you around? Brown: That would be nice of you. Zhang: My pleasure. This way, please.
Text A
Nike, from Small Beginnings to World Giant
签订合约（将工作）外包 贡献，出资 梦想 加压印制，强加 作为交换 继续前进 以……命名 实施，实行
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Words and Expressions
contract out contribute to dream of impose on in turn move on name after put into practice
Yours sincerely Human Resource Department Sunflower Corporation
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Business Dialogue
Display and Marketing of Samples
Dialogue 1
Brown: Good morning. My name is Mike Brown. Here is my card. Zhang: Thank you. Nice to meet you, Mr. Brown. My name is Zhang Wei, the representative of Shandong Textiles Import and Export Corporation. Welcome to the Fair. Brown: Nice to meet you too, Mr. Zhang. It’s a pleasure to be here at the Fair. Zhang: Have you seen our catalogue? Brown: Oh, yes. I’ve gone over the catalogue and the pamphlets enclosed in your last letter. I’ve got some idea of your exports. Zhang: Anything particular you’re interested in? Brown: Yes, I’m very much interested in your tablecloths. Zhang: We appreciate your interest. Our tablecloths are fine in quality and beautiful in design. They’ve met with great favor overseas and are always in great demand. Brown: Do you have any samples here?
经贸文本翻译十四单元
Note：1.fax confirmation 电报确认书2.Encl.(=enclosure) n. 附件3.exchange n. 交换foreign exchange 外汇a bill of exchange 汇票the rate of exchange 或exchange rate 外汇率exchange v. 交换，兑换4.book your order for……卖给你方……5.rest assured（=be assured）放心，确信assure vt. 使确信assure sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事assure sb. that……使某人相信……6.with the least possible delay（=without any delay）毫无延误地7.duly adv. 适当地；及时地意为“at the right time”，但该词还可以表示礼貌“in a suitable manner”，通常是收到对方寄来的某物，回信时使用。
8.We assure you of our best attention. 我们保证将通力合作。
9.duly adv. 适当地；及时地意为“at the right time”，但该词还可以表示礼貌“in a suitable manner”，通常是收到对方寄来的某物，回信时使用。
10.We assure you of our best attention. 我们保证将通力合作。
11.establish with 由……银行开立establish through 通过……银行开立，通常指通过大三家银行开立。
12.date of sailing 开航日期13.thanks to 幸亏，由于thanks to ，due to ，owing to ，on account of ，because of 都作“由于”解；用作形容词短语时，以due to最为普通；用作副词补语时可以换用。
商务英语谈判unit 14 Claims and Settlement
13. There are not delicate goods that can be damaged on the voyage. FPA will be good enough.
Unit 14 Claims and Settlement
14. Our goods are very valuable, so I want insure against all risks.
投诉 索赔 向某人提出索赔 理赔 付赔偿金 检验证明书
Administration of Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine 进出口商品检验检疫局
survey report notice of claim
检验报告 索赔通知
Unit 14 Claims and Settlement
Unit 14 Claims and ttlement
10. Please insure the electric fans at 120% of the invoice value.
11. The machines are to be unsure against all risks.
12. We only cover FPA and war risk.
2. 作为合同里的一个组成部分，商品检验具有特殊的重要性。 As an integral part of the contract, the inspection of goods has its special importance.
《商务英语阅读》第15单元译文
第15单元会计会计的性质会计是公司通过对销售、购买及其他交易活动记录和分类, 来衡量其财务状况的系统。
会计还在报表中对这些信息进行汇总，使其能够对公司过去的运作、目前的状况以及未来的前景作出评估。
会计对公司的重要性，可以从两个方面表现出来：第一，它可以帮助经理计划和控制公司的经营；第二，它可以帮助局外人士对公司的经营进行评估。
由于这两部分人以不同的方式使用会计信息，会计具有两个不同的领域：一是财务会计，为外界人士提供信息；二是管理会计，提供的信息供公司内部使用。
财务会计外部人士使用会计信息的兴趣点各不相同。
供应商、银行以及其他贷款人想了解公司的信誉是否可靠；投资者、股东关心的是公司的利润潜力；政府部门则主要对规范公司行为和收税感兴趣。
这些用户要求信息客观，前后一致，与其他公司提供的信息有可比性。
因此，财务会计报表要遵循某些标准格式，并根据多年来会计行业已经确立并取得共识的公认会计原则（GAAP）来编制。
管理会计相对于财务会计，管理会计则是为了满足某特定公司经理人的各项需要。
它的总目标是帮助经理对结果进行评估，并基于可靠信息作出决策。
管理会计体系包括大量的财务活动，从记录销售、开具发票，到帮助高层管理人员评估建筑、设备以及劳动力的支出情况。
会计部门的员工一般要履行很多职责。
其中最主要的工作之一是编制财务计划，其内容包括对销售、成本、费用以及利润进行预报。
预报的情况可以帮助管理人员，找出问题和机遇，对资源进行明智的分配。
这一过程的部分内容包括编制预算，在估计的收入、费用和现金流量的框架内，构架某一时期（通常是一年）的，以财务计划形式表示的财务总体规划。
由于编制商业预算使得公司不得不决定要进多少钱，出多少钱（资金流入和流出的数量），编制预算的过程就成了计划与控制经营的过程。
除了要编制预算外，公司会计要参与分析生产成本，目的是使管理部门能够知道，公司生产某产品需要产生多少支出。
主要的会计概念在处理所有的财务数据时,会计人员要遵循两个基本原则: 会计等式和复式记账法。
剑桥商务英语教程 Unit14 Entertaining
14.1 Taking a guest to dinner
Understand the basic information of business entertainment Understand the basic table manners;
Vocabulary
Entertain 1) to amuse or interest people in a way that gives them pleasure 娱乐 entertain somebody with something She entertained the children with stories, songs and drama. 2)to invite people to your home for a meal, party etc 招待; 宴客 Business entertainment 商务接待
What
kinds of activities do we usually have to entertain our business partners?
business dinner cocktail party鸡尾酒会 client appreciation banquet客户答谢宴会 wine tasting & food tasting品酒会 concerts or exhibitions演唱会、展览会 an sightseeing tour of the city charity ['tʃærɪtɪ] events慈善活动 sporting events运动项目 shopping trip购物之旅
After watching a football match with your clients, you may invite them to have a meal and discuss business. Make small talks before you get into any business item. Start discussing business after the appetizer 开 胃菜has been served and do not wait until dessert.餐后甜点
商务英语翻译(英译汉)第二版电子教案第14单元
商务翻译的原则
1、把握商务信函文体风格：正式、严谨、洗 练、语气礼貌委婉
2、内容的准确性 3、形式的规范性：措辞、语气、句式的选择
3. 例子
If your confirmation arrives before May 1, you can see personally the excellence of the two dozen light blue bed sheets as well as that of your other orders.
感谢你方对我方生产的不锈钢刀具感兴趣， 但非常遗憾地告诉你们，由于我们手中已 有很多订单，厂家任务非常繁重，今年再 无货可供。
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Owing to the heavy commitments of our manufactures, we regret to say that we are not in a position to meet your requirements for the time being in this respect.
我们乐于向贵方介绍自己，我们是专门从 事各种编织服装的专业公司，愿与贵方建 立互利的业务关系。
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We are aware of your fine reputation in manufacturing kitchen utilities and would appreciate your sending us particulars of your current lines, wholesale prices, and discounts for volume purchases.
由于我方厂商不堪负重地承约，我方很遗 憾地告知：眼下在这方面无法满足你方要 求
商务英语翻译(第二版)Unit 14 物流
1. synthetics
vt. 把……装上卡车；用卡车运送 • Boxes arrive in Miami from Colombia , Ecuador and Peru , as well Holland, and then travel by plane or by refrigerated truck to the rest of the United States. • 这些此刻停靠在迈阿密的集装箱，来自哥伦比亚，厄瓜多尔， 秘鲁，还有荷兰，通过飞机或者装有冷藏机的汽车来运输到美 国的各个地方。
Passage One New Words and Expressions:
n. 人工合成材料 • Much coal also is used in chemical industries for the manufacture of plastics and other synthetics . • 化学工业生产数百种塑料和其它合成制品也用煤很多。
Passage One Notes
2. What is logistics? The answer to this is on your feet! Look at the shoes you are wearing; they may look simple, but it took a complex process to get them from raw materials to products you can wear. The functions in this process are what make up logistics. 什么是物流？答案就在您的脚 上！看看您穿着的鞋。它们也许看起来简单，但从原材料到您能穿的 产品要经过一个复杂的过程。这个过程中的功能要素就构成了物流。 这段文字虽含有几个句子，但结构总的来说并不复杂，可以按其顺序 来翻译。若将“What is logistics? The answer to this is on your feet!” 译 成“什么是物流？这个问题的答案就在您的脚上！”。看似忠实于原 文，实际上并不简洁，故省略了一问一答中的重复部分，译为“什么 是物流？答案就在您的脚上！”。文中的“get”不是“得到”的意思， 而是“使……变得”的意思，这一意思隐含在“from raw materials to products you can wear”中，若把“get them” 译成“要得到它们”，显 得累赘，故在翻译中可省去不译。在“The functions in this process are what make up logistics．”中，“what make up logistics”是表语从 句，英语中的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等名词性从句翻译时可 按原文的句序译成对应的汉语。请看下例：Raw material is what we are badly in need of. 我们急需的是原料。故这句话可以译为：“这个 过程中的功能要素就构成了物流。”
商务英语翻译Unit 15 市场营销_OK
national markets, total advertising can be reducted
significantly. ( )
T
2. The creative presentation is what the advertisers say .( ) 3. MarketinFg ideas that worked in one country may work in
sentences and paragraphs relating the marketing. 4. Master the difficult words and expressions.
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Passage One
Standardized Marketing Strategy
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Passage One Notes
5. The most significant disadvantages of standardization is simply that cultural, political, and economic differences among countries may make it all but impossible to use a single standardized marketing strategy：标准化最大的劣势就是，由于不同国家 的文化、政治和经济差异，导致几乎不可能使一 个单一的标准化市场战略。“all but impossible”， 应译成“几乎不可能”。
prosandcons优势和劣势?apriorassessment预期评估?fittheneedsof满足?excessproductioncapacity过剩生产能力?domesticmarket国内市场?costefficiency成本效率?ideautilization理念利用?thesizeofproductionruns产品覆盖范围?aconsistentimage统一的形象?environmentalvariables环境变量passageoneassignment?finishtherestofexercisesofpassageone
商务翻译(英译汉)Unit 14 Selling the Sage of Qufu
【Tips for Translation】
• 商务文本中的隐喻及其翻译 • 隐喻(metaphor)作为一种独特的语言机制，早在两千多年前 就成为哲学家、语言学家们的研究对象。从公元前300 年到20 世 纪30 年代的两千多年中，隐喻一直被仅仅看作是词语层次上的 一种修辞方式，是一种“附加的”，可有可无的“装饰”。传统 的观点认为，在诗歌、小说等文学作品中，存在着大量的隐喻。 而在介绍、论述专门知识的严谨、客观的文本中，似乎就不容许 隐喻这种夸饰语言的出现。这种看法，究其根源，仍是因为把隐 喻仅仅视为一种修辞方法。既然隐喻是一种认知手段和思维方式， 在经济这一相对抽象、专业的领域中，人们就应该会利用相对熟 悉、容易把握的经验领域去理解抽象的经济现象、经济理论。事 实上，和科技文献一样，经济文献中存在着大量的隐喻。以下论 述经济隐喻的认知功能、文化内涵及翻译对策。
• （一） 空间隐喻 • 所谓空间隐喻，即用诸如上下、前后等空间概 念来组织另外一种概念系统，根据good is up ; bad is down 这一隐喻概念，经济中的发展或不景气常用 “上”“下”来表示，如： • 1. US wood exports hit new highs. • 美国木材出口创新纪录。 • 2. There is now certainly evidence that the dollar has now bottomed out. • 现在确实有迹象表明美元已跌到低谷。 • 除此之外，“前”“后”也用来喻指经济的前 进或后退。
• A second advantage is the institutes’ ability to adapt to local demands, rather than following a set curriculum. Thus, in Nairobi, you can learn how to make Tianjin dumplings; while in Singapore you can sign up for a 14day study tour of the sage’s hometown, Qufu, in Shandong province. • The primary role of the Confucius Institutes is to teach Chinese, but their name is also evocative of China’s former influence in Asia and its growing presence now. Despite the iciness of official relations between China and Japan, universities there are falling over each other to set up the next institute. Already there are four, the most in any Asian country; the number is set to double by the end of the year. Even in the 21st century, Confucius is proving to be China’s best ambassador.
商务英语综合教程Unit 14 Insurance
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Unit 14 Insurance
3 Insurance is a necessity for everyone in our society
because it provides financial protection against unexpected misfortune.
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Unit 14 Insurance
Text Exercises Related Technical Terms Grammar
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Unit 14 Insurance
1 The daily news often carries reports like these:
“Floods have caused widespread damage in parts of the United States.” “The crime rate in the United States, especially that of burglary and theft, is on the increase.” “Injuries due to home accidents account for many serious losses.” “The number of jobless Americans rises due to a lack of work.” “An airline crash kills 278 passengers.” “Fire has damaged a neighborhood of expensive homes.” “Local teenager is killed in a head-on collision.”
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Unit 14 Insurance
商务英语口译第14章
Field Interpretation
Text Interpreting
E-C Interpretation Passage 1
the 17th Party Congress 中共十七大 "step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation" “逐步建立以市场为导向的技术创新体系” exporter of pharmaceuticals 药品出口国
Field Interpretation
Text Interpreting
E-C Interpretation Passage 1
the Human Genome Project 人类基因组计划 quadruple v.（使）成四倍 a state-of-the-art X-ray synchrotron device 顶级X射线同步设备 fusion energy 热核融化能源 radio-telescope dish 射电望远镜
Field Interpretation
Comments on Interpretation
...the life work of the late Joseph Needham，a great friend of China，procides us in the U.K. with... a great friend of China 插入语，起类似同位语的作用 翻译为：中国的一位老朋友--已故的李约瑟先生... 表示增长的不同用法： is growing twice as fast as... have increased...by 20% per year since 1999 has quadrupled since the mid-1990s With 1% of the world population ， we are responsible for 5% of the world's science. 翻译为：尽管只占世界人口的1%。英国对世界科学的贡献却占5%
商务翻译英译汉 Unit (15)
By the early 1990s we faced strong competition and needed a new strategy. We were good at buying and selling goods but had begun to forget the customers. Sir Terry Leahy, who became Chief Executive in 1997, asked customers the simple question — “what are we doing wrong?”. We then invested in the things that matter to customers. For example, we launched our loyalty scheme Clubcard and , our internet home shopping service.
Going the extra mile for customers has been key to our growth. We want to make customers’ lives easier and better in any way we can. We want to appeal to every customer and give them a reason to come back to Tesco.
20世纪90年代初期，我们面临强大的竞争，制定新的 发展战略变得刻不容缓。我们当时擅长于商品买卖， 但却逐渐忽略了我们的顾客。1997年，Terry Leahy 爵士出任总裁后，向顾客提出了这样一个简单的问题： “我们究竟做错了什么？”此后，我们开始更多地关 注和致力于顾客认为重要的事情。比如，我们推出了 会员积分卡计划（Clubcard），并创建网站 （）提供网上家庭购物服务。
商务翻译实务 第十四单元 技术术语翻译
3. Servo (伺服系统) typhoon（台风） bandage （绷带）
Task II 企业技术翻译的词义选择：请比较下列两组 技术翻译的句子，选择你认为恰当的翻译并尝试探讨 技术翻译中词义选择的原则。
第一组：A. 能力 B. 电力 C. 方 D. 功率
解析：
B组的技术翻译相对A组而言更为成功。
音译就是译成读音与原词相同或相近的汉字。这种方法通常用 于翻译人名、地名计量单位及新材料的名称。考虑到译名的规 范化和通用性，用词要大众化，读音应以普通话的发音为标准。
1）新发现的自然现象。例如：gene（基因） quark（夸克） 2）计量单位名称。例如：Hertz（Hz）赫兹（频率单位） Erg
翻译技巧1
翻译第1组技术用语时采用了意译法。意译法 是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术 语的含义。就英语而言，有不少专业术语是由 派生词或复合词构成的，必须确切了解原文术 语的构词手段及含义，才能译成相对应的汉语 术语。
§ PART TWO 热身练习
Task I 试请搜集三份有关当地产品或服务的产品 说明书（如果没有翻译，请思考如何翻译？）讨 论翻译当地的产品或服务时使用了哪些翻译技巧？ 请注意有关术语的翻译。
Task II 请翻译下列技术术语并尝试总结翻译技巧
1. terminal 终端 2. detect 探测传感器 3. Haro Glaxy 阿罗星系 4. Gregory 格里年 5. South Island 南岛 6. Child-resistant packaging 儿童安全包装 7. 丁字板 T-plate 8. 三角皮带 V-belt 9. X射线 X-ray 10. 自动控制 autocontrol 11. 半金属 semi-metal 12. 调频 FM
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技术文体类别
• 科技论文：研究、综合论述、提出假说、批驳谬论等 • 科技应用文 研究应用文：研究报告、科技成果报告、调查报告、实
验室实验报告等
事务应用文：协议与合同、技术鉴定书、产品目录和说
明书、发明专利申报书与自然科学奖申请书、技术信函 与会议纪要等
情报应用文：文摘、综述、简报、新闻等
技术文体篇章特征—跨度大
• 文体跨度指的是文体正式程度的差别。它既有涉及正 式程度很高的、十分严谨的专利文献和标准文献，又 有知识性、趣味性、形象性融为一体的正式程度较低 的科普读物。技术文献多样化的特点决定了其文体复 杂性，译者必须能够适应不同的体裁风格。 • 从文体学的角度来讲，就是要求在适当的场合使用适 当的词语或句式。 • ready for Many of these fine products are in stock, ready for your order. The program ready for the computer to ‘read’ is prepared in a specially designed language.
技术术语的翻译技巧
• 音译法：根据原文的发音译成读音与原词大致 相同的译文 • 意译法：译出原词所表达的具体事物和概念的 科学含义 • 音意结合法：对原文部分采用音译，部分采用 意译 • 形译法：用原文常用文字的形象为形状相似的 物体定名 • 创造新词译法：主要用于化学元素，化学名称， 核物理名词
技术文体句法特征—复合词与缩略词
• 复合词从过去的双词组合发展到多词组合 • 缩略词趋向于任意构词 • full-enclosed • on-and-off-the-road • radiophotography • cpd （compound） • P. S. I.（pounds per square inch） • SCR（silicon controlled rectifier）
• 原文：Various criteria have been suggested in the past to predict the yielding of metals under complex stresses. • 译文：过去已经提出的各种各样的屈服准则用 来预测金属在复杂应力状态下的屈服。
技术术语翻译具体方法
关系词与技术翻译—英汉关系词使用的区别 • 英语中关系词和关系手段较多，各种短语、并列成分、 附加成分、从句常用关系词连接，构成很长的句子。 汉语没有关系代词和关系副词，连词的数量也比较少， 句子通常比较简短。 • 原文：This information is assembled on maps and cross sections, and fitted together in the mind of the petroleum geologist, where it is interpreted and translated into the best place to drill a well that will penetrate a trap below the surface of the ground and thereby enable the well to test the trap’s content. • 译文：石油地质学家将这些资料绘制在地质图或剖面 图上，经过综合分析，确定最佳井位，这样就可以钻 穿地下圈闭，从而测试出圈闭中油气的储量。
一份完整、正式的商务报告包括题目（Title）、呈送 对象（Transmittal）、目录（Table of Contents）、摘 要/提要（Abstract）、前言/引言/导言/序言 （Introduction）、正文（Body）、结论 （Conclusion）、建议（Recommendations）、参考文 献/参考资料（Bibliography/References）、附录/附件 （Appendices）等。
• 科学性：表达含义要科学合理。E. g. catwalk • 统一性：一个术语只能表达一个概念，反过来，一个 概念也只能有一个术语与之相对应。 E.g. Nowcasting • 简明性：文字简洁概要。 E.g. radio detecting and ranging • 习惯性：遵循人们用语的习惯。 E.g. robot • 系统性：相关联术语的翻译要形成体系。 E.g. highway、expressway、freeway • 协调性：同一术语的翻译在不同学科中要做到统一。 E.g. probability • 国际性：从意思和发音上便于国际交流。 E.g. AIDS
• 原译：地质学家必须通过综合分析地表上可以看到的 和可以测绘到的地质现象，以及从全部可以利用的钻 井及三英里多深的地下地球物理数据中努力解决地质 学问题。
Unit Fifteen Translating Business Report
信 息 功 能 （ Informative Function ） 、 解 释 功 能 （ Explanatory Function ） 、 说 服 功 能 （ Persuasive Function ）、鼓动功能（ Inciting Function ）以及启发 功能（Suggestive Function）。
PART TWO 热身练习
Task I 请将下列商务报告中的句子翻译成汉语。 • 1. Presently, there are about 6,000 fruit juice producers in China, more than 1,000 of which have certain production capacity. And the fruit juice market of China is divided into three forces, one of which is led by Taiwanbased enterprises like President Enterprise and Master Kang; one by famous mainland-based enterprises like Huiyuan and Wahaha; and another one by large transnational producers like Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola.
• 对初涉翻译者来说，要掌握不同文献的体例程 式，熟悉专门用语，并非一朝一夕的事。
技术文体篇章特征—复杂化
• 文献资料语言特点多种多样，文献资料体系庞大，形 成技术翻译错综复杂的情况。
• 文献品种：技术文献资料品种繁多，包括文摘、论文、标
准、专利、会议记录、实验报告、政府研究报告、技术合同、 意向书、产品样本等多种形式。
目前，中国约有果汁生产商6 000家，其中1 000多家具有相当 的产能。中国的果汁市场分为三股力量：其一是台湾企业如统 一企业和康师傅；其二为大陆著名企业如汇源和娃哈哈；其三 为大型跨国企业如可口可乐和百事可乐。
2. Recently, the output and sales volume of fruit juice beverage in China increased rapidly. The country produced 8.6 million tons of fruit juice throughout the whole year of 2006, jumping 29.02% on the previous year; the output of the first eleven months of 2007 amounted to 21.92% year on year to 9.85 million tons.
技术术语中译英的翻译方法
• 从英文参考文献中学习
• 从专业教科书中学习
• 从中文参考文献的英文摘要学习 • 找一本专业词典，或一
技术术语翻译具体方法
被动语态与技术翻译 • 如果是带有定语从句的主从复合句，主句是一 个主谓结构的被动语态句式时，可将主语作中 心词，谓语作中心词的动词性修饰语。
• 文献来源：来源十分广泛，不仅来自讲英语的国家，也可
能来自非英语国家，因此可能存在语法上、拼写上、印刷上 , 甚至其他一些误差，对此，译者在落笔之前，经常要下一番 功夫纠错。
• 翻译方式：根据需要笔译又分全译、摘译、编译或译要。
由于文献来源特点，译者必须尊重事实，尽量核实资料，在 存有疑问的地方，可用译注形式加以说明，切不可为了“盲 目忠实于原文”而以讹传讹。
技术术语的翻译技巧—音译法
• 译成读音与原词相同或相近的汉字。这种方法通常用 于翻译人名、地名计量单位及新材料的名称。考虑到 译名的规范化和通用性，用词要大众化，读音应以普 通话的发音为标准。 • 1）新发现的自然现象。例如：gene（基因） quark （夸克） • 2）计量单位名称。例如：Hertz（Hz）赫兹（频率单 位） Erg尔格（能量单位）Lumen 流明（光通量单位） Gilbert吉伯（磁通势单位） Maxwell麦克斯韦（麦磁 通单位） Calorie 卡路里（热量单位） Var乏（无功功 率） Amp安培（电流单位） • 3）新材料的翻译。例如：copy（拷贝）、genome （基因组）、clone （克隆）、aero-train（悬浮火 车）、nanotechnology（纳米技术）
最近，中国果汁饮料的生产量和销售量迅速攀升 。 2006 年，全年果汁产量为 860万吨，比前一年增 长 29.02% ； 2007 年头十一个月产量为 985o the National Bureau of Statistics of China, most of the fruit juice manufacturers are located in East and South China. In detail, the South China area produces about 359,799 tons, taking up 22% of the total, while the East China area produces 476,562 tons, occupying 29%.