浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(5)

科普知识阅读理解（5）

科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012福建,D)改编

Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too?Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself?Well,apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元)in our brains.

Put simply,the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something,our brains imitate (模枋)it,whether or not we actually perform the same action.This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile,talk,walk,dance or play sports.But the idea goes further:mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions,they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.

Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains,but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages,and to understand how other people feel.Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language.A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for e xample:“The hand took hold of the ball”),the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example,actually taking hold of a ball).

Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior.Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning.However,it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.

Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact (互动).Indeed,it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物)for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics.And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well,perhaps you’ll understand why.

1.Mirror neurons can explain .

A.why we cry when we are hurt

B.why we cough when we suffer from a cold

C.why we smile when we see someone else smile

D.why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late

2.The underlined word “triggered”in the third paragraph probably means “”.

A.set off

B.cut off

C.built up

D.broken up

3.We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons .

A.relate to human behavior and interaction

B.control human physical actions and feelings

C.result in bad behavior and social disorders

D.determine our knowledge and language abilities

4.What is the passage mainly about?( )

A.Ways to find mirror neurons.

B.Problems of mirror neurons.

C.Existence of mirror neurons.

D.Functions of mirror neurons.

语篇解读:本文是说明文,为科普知识类文章,主要介绍在人类大脑中无处不在的反应神经元的功能。

答案及剖析:1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,反应神经元的存在表明了每次我们看见别人做什么时,我们的大脑就模仿,这足以解释我们是如何学会笑、说、走、跳舞或是运动的。故答案为C项。

2.A 猜测词义题。根据第三段最后一句意思,一组研究人员发现如果他们让被测试者听这样的句子(例如:“用手抓住球”),同样,当相应的实际动作在运转时,反应神经元也起作用。set off激起,引起;cut off切断;build up增进;break up散开,驱散。故答案为A项。

3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,反应神经元的相关研究似乎为我们提供更多有关人类行为和互动的信息。因此,可以推断反应神经元与人类行为和互动有关联,故答案为A项。

4.D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍反应神经元的作用,故答案为D项。

【长难句子分析】