新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1-15)
新编英语教程5Unit1HittheNailontheHead
新编英语教程5Unit1HittheNailontheHeadUnit 11.words related to walk (ll. 83-86)march: walk with firm, regular steps like a soldier 齐步前进pace: walk with slow, steady steps, especially backwards and forwards 踱方步patrol: go at regular times round an area, building, etc. 巡逻stalk: vi. stalk out / off / away: walk stiffly, proudly, or with long steps 高视阔步地走vt.topursue by tracking stealthily 暗中追踪to go through (an area) in pursuit of prey or quarry寻找,在……搜索猎物或猎场tread (on): step on 踩,践踏tramp: walk (through or over) with firm, heavy steps 用沉重地脚步走,长途旅行step out: (U.S.) go outside or go somewhere (美国口语)暂时走开,走出屋外,下车,游荡prance: move quickly, happily, or proudly with a springing step 欢悦地走,(马)腾跃strut: vi. walk proudly or stiffly, especially with the chest pushed forward and trying to lookimportant 趾高气昂地走prowl: vt (animal) hunt another animal; (man) criminal activityvi. ~ around / about / through: move about an area quietly, trying not to be seen or heard plod: walk slowly along (trudge) 沉重缓慢地走stroll: walk a short distance, slowly or lazily, especially for pleasure (懒散)散步,闲逛shuffle: walk by dragging one’s feet slowly along 拖着脚走stagger: walk or move unsteadily and with great difficulty, almost falling 蹒跚sidle: move uncertainly or secretively or in a shy way, as if not want to be noticed (羞怯或偷偷地)侧身而行或接近trudge: walk with heavy steps, slowly and with effort (plod) esp. because you are tired~ home / along / throughtoddle: walk with short, unsteady steps, as a small child does 蹒跚行走ramble: go on a walk for enjoyment/pleasure 漫步roam: wander with not very clear purpose or direction (漫无目的)漫游、闲逛saunter: walk in an unhurried way, and esp. in a confident manner (lounge) 漫步、闲逛meander: wander in a slow easy way not in any particular direction 漫步,散步; (a river) turn a lot:曲曲折折地流过lounge: move in a leisurely, indolent (不积极,懒惰)manner (saunter) 闲荡loiter: move slowly or keep stopping when one should be going forward 走走停停creep: move slowly, quietly, and carefully so as not to attract attention 蹑手蹑脚地走stride: walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way大踏步走、阔步前行Key Points of the T extclumsy, awkward (l.1)clumsy implies stiffness, heaviness, and blundering as thesource of the lack of grace awkward: lacking grace, ease, or proficiencyE.g. His clumsy attempts at the humor failed to get a conversation start.He was quite awkward before large audiences, but very effective at small gatherings.drive something home (l.3): force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 把(钉子等)打入;使明确无误E.g. (1). He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门,把门闩插好。
新编英语教程5课文翻译(标准)
Unit Three: 我的朋友阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦1)虽然阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦是迄今为止世界上最伟大的科学家之一,但如果要我用一个词来描述他的话我会选择纯朴。
或者有关他的一些轶事能让你理解我为什么这么说。
有一次,遇上了倾盆大雨,他摘下帽子揣在衣服下面。
别人问他为什么,他以令人钦佩的逻辑解释说,雨会淋坏帽子,而他的头发淋湿了却不会坏。
这种直达问题核心的诀窍以及他对美非同寻常的感知就是他主要科学发现的秘密所在。
2)1935年,在坐落于新泽西著名的普林斯顿高级研究院,我第一次见到阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦。
他是第一批被该院邀请的人,在工资方面学院任由他提条件。
令院长惊鄂的是,爱因斯坦要求的薪水简直办不到---- 他要得太少了。
院长不得不恳求他接受一个大一些的数目。
3)我对爱因斯坦很敬畏,犹豫再三才就我一直在考虑的一些想法向他请教。
当我终于鼓起勇气敲响他的门时,听到一个温和的声音说:“进来。
”声调有些上扬,带有欢迎和询问的语气。
我走进他的办公室,看见他坐在桌子旁边,一边抽着烟斗一边算着什么。
他的衣服很不合身,头发乱蓬蓬的,极具个性,向我热情地微笑着表示欢迎我的到来。
他的平易自然立刻让我放松了下来。
4)当我开始阐述自己的见解时,他叫我把方程式写在黑板上,这样他就能明白它们是怎么展开。
接着他提出了一个令人惊鄂但又非常可爱的请求:“请你漫漫地写,我理解东西不快。
”这种话竟出自爱因斯坦之口!他说得很温和,我笑了。
从此残留的畏惧之情都烟消云散了。
5)爱因斯坦于1879年出生在德国的乌尔姆市。
他并非神童式的人物。
事实上他说话很晚,他的父母甚至担心他是弱、智儿。
上学后,虽然老师们看不出他有什么天分,但天才的迹象已经显露。
例如,他自学微积分,老师们有些怕他,因为他总问些他们回答不出的问题。
因此,十六岁时他就问自己是否当人跟着光波跑得一样快的时候它会好像是静止的。
由这一天真的问题的引发,十年之后他创立了相对论。
6)爱因斯坦没有通过苏黎士瑞士联邦工艺学校的入学考试,但在一年后被录取了。
新编英语教程5_翻译
新编英语教程5 汉翻英Unit 1—Unit15After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.The younger generations today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet. It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.Never lose heart in the face of a setback;take courage and deal with it squarely.rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet.One man’s effort is not enough to cope with such a complicated situation.When do you think the new IT (information technology) regulations will take effect?The chances of winning a prize in a lottery are slim; perhaps only a one-in-a-hundred chance.It is deplorable that many a youngster has fallen victim to the use of drugs.There is virtually no one who is in favor of his proposal.Beware of the swindler with a slick tongue and a smiling face.Don’t touch the bag! The explosive in it may blow up at any minute. Your life will be at risk.He looked quite confident about the job, though some doubts lurked in the depth of his mind.He honked his car horn to alert the pedestrians.The fast development of Information Technology is an outstanding example of human endeavor. Mary groped for the appropriate words to express her indebtedness to her teacher.The school principal’s plain words conveyed a massage of challenge to the young people.Don’t tamper with the wires, or you may cause a short circuit.He thought he could beat everyone at the competition, but his excessive confidence failed him. What he said seemed simple and clear, but there was an implied meaning that we couldn’t quite fathom.He tried to steer the group’s random talk towards some constructive subjects.Can I be exempt from the regular physical examination this year? I just had one three months ago before I went to the summer camp.Could you tell me again what I should do next? What you said yesterday has slipped out of my mind.We all assumed that Dave was a trustworthy person, but it turned out that we were wrong.His misfortune was compounded by his wife’s illness and his loss of job.Whether or not there are living beings in outer space is of perennial interest to man.When you are under great strain, you will not be able to think clearly.Jim tends to lose his temper when his advice is not heeded.In spite of his great learning, the teacher finds it difficult to articulate his students’needs.Jane is a very bright girl. She can always give an apt answer to any question on the spur of the moment.Our teacher attained full professorship before he was forty.Environmental pollution is afflicting many cities and towns all over the world.Acupuncture treatment produces marked effects on patients suffering from arthritis.Instead of being profit-oriented, hospitals should make every effort to take good care of the patients.What sorts of people are involved in the lawsuit?The factory is taking drastic measures to ameliorate the working conditions in the workshops Outstanding young men and women are emerging from various walks of life.Unit sixCan you make out the meaning of his long-winded harangue?Being worried about his exam results, he was not in the least attentive to the visiting professor’s lecture.Is it easier for a child or a grown-up to pick up the rudiments of a foreign language in a short period of time?Did what he said about the short-term training course appeal to you?The biography of the great scientist inspired him to greater efforts in doing research.Should we be indifferent to the living conditions of the people in the lower income bracket?The decision made recently by the school board had little to bear on our curriculum.The ship was so strongly built that it can withstand any storm.7her questions about the functioning of the software manifests a great interest in Information Technology on her part.We have no grounds to prove the validity of the theory of the “missing link.”To a certain extent, his reasoning is valid, but not as a general rule.His tireless efforts yielded great fruits --- a new theory in genetics.Don’t think that all great scientists are endowed with special talents --- it’s 99% of perspiration and only 1% of inspiration that make them great.What criteria did you use when you elected the chairperson of the Student s’ Union?Can you identify the handwriting of all your students?Whether or not the outcome is successful lies with the efforts made by the candidates.The harsh reality of daily life dispelled all his hopes for a bright future.Our sports meet will be postponed to next week because of the unpredictable weather.Every visitor to this exhibition must show his/her identity card no matter who he/she is.The renovation plan for the old city centre is subject to the approval of the municipal government. His hopes withered away after he had experienced one failure after another.E-mail is so quick and convenient in sending message that it may soon replace ordinary mail service.The sight of the Great Wall evoked a sense of wonder in him.The maintenance of quality-control instruments can be very costlyIf there is anything you are not clear about the device, address our inquiry to our head office. Before we put the new plan into practice, we had better scrutinize every aspect of it to make sure that it is practicable.We expect that there will be a change for the better in this area after the new regulations areimplemented.Don’t take his words literally.He’s just cracking a joke.The prospec t of employing nitrogen fixation in agriculture is promising.His attempt at contriving a correcting fluid which leaves no marks on paper ended in failure.The non-Chinese-speaking foreigner gestured to make a request, but he just couldn’t get his idea across.Without considering the urgency of the matter, he gave us a flat refusal, once and for all.His peculiar behavior runs counter to the popular concept of good conduct.The theory of relativity made a great impact on modern science.No one has the right to deride the disadvantages of handicapped people.On her graduation day, Judy was treated to a sumptuous dinner by her uncle and auntwith respect to his past record in the firm ,no one has anything to complain about.He is inextricably i nvolved in the plot against the school board.My aged great-aunt is not used to the disposable goods which flood the market today.His name was immediately eliminated form the list of candidates after he was caught cheating in the exam.His attempt at i nsinuating t hat john was the culprit turned out to be futile.He is very clever at improvising excuses when he fails to do what is expected of him.His trip to Tibet will gratify his desire to see the Potala.This corporation commands excellent human resources.Think of an alternative way of entertaining your guests .Don’t always show them VCDs.It’s harmful to indulge in whims and caprices.Try not to lay your hands on anything that you are not entitled to.He didn’t come to the competition. It may well be that he had forgotten all about it.Conventions are different form tradition in that the former are the generally accepted standards of behaviour in a society.For along time the teachings of Confucius and Mencius held sway over Chinese society.His scribbling is unintelligible to any one but himself.He appealed to the higher court on the premise that he was unjustly sentenced to two years’imprisonment.One of my classmates finds it very difficult to differentiate between the two consonants [f]and[v] The predominant feature of the botanical garden is its spaciousness.Do you believe that human beings have evolved from the ages.It is incumbent on the teachers not only to impart knowledge but to teach the students moral principles.Don’t expect to be remunerated of every little thing you do. In the long run all the efforts you have made will be duly rewarded.The supermarkets have to replenish their stock of goods very regularly.It was the Tree Planting Day. All the volunteers pitched in and planted thousands of willow trees. Not like his sweet-tempered sister, he has q quick temper and he fulminates at people easily.His strength diminished after a long illness,Before you take part in a debate, be sure to ascertain that all your arguments are sound and well-grounded.At the beginning of the new term, she resolved to keep a diary in English.All his pashing and goading disinclined me towards going to the party next weekend.His loss of job was inevitable as he never took his work seriously.On hearing that she had won first prize in the competition, she was frantic with joy.Though he thought otherwise, he had to acquiesce in the plan made by the majority.In spite of his advanced age, he retains the vigor of the young.He is inclined to take things easy, so he has no incentive to accomplish anything.The unfair treatment he received in the summer camp impelled him to write to the paper.We all deem it important to lay a solid foundation in foreign language study.After a whole year’s regular qigong(a system of deep breathing exercise), he felt rehabilitated.A contract, once signed between two parties, must be honored whatever happens.The heavy storm engulfed the small village along the coast.Before Liberation innumerable poor peasants and needy city-dwellers in China languishes in poverty.The creed t hat we should serve the people whole-heartedly is followed by the great majority of our people.The corporation was crippled by mismanagement and inefficient work style.People have become more and more aware of the urgency of fighting pollution to protect the environment.The orchestra’s success was evidenced by the warm applause form the audience.。
新编英语教程5第三版翻译
新编英语教程5第三版翻译Unit 11、在举出很多事实并列举出一些统计数字后,他终于把论点说清楚了。
(drive sth home )After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point .2、差不多花了半年功夫,我们才完成了那个研究项目。
(more or less)It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project.3、他说的话如此微妙,我们很难理解他的真实意图。
(subtle)What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention.4、他的新书一针见血地身世了当代社会问题。
(squarely)His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems.5、今日年轻的一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。
(be alive to )The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the internet.6、外语是不是在童年更容易学好?这是一个观点问题。
(a matter of )It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise.7、在挫折面前千万不能丧失信心,鼓起勇气坚定不移的克服它。
(take courage)Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely.8、适量的米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。
新编英语教程(第三版)第5册 Unit 1
Paragraph 1
E.g. He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门,把门闩插好。 drive one’s point home 讲清楚自己的观
点
a voice that drives home each word 字
字清晰的说话声
II. Organization of the Text
II. Presentation of evidence (Paragraphs 4-10) 1. Semantic differences between words having the same root (Paragraphs 4-7) 2. Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations (Paragraph 8)
Paragraph 1
To drive home his policy, the president wrote his second letter.总统为了阐明自己
的政策,又写了第二封信。
You must drive it home to John that we don’t have enough money. 你必须使约
II. Organization of the Text
3. Stylistic differences between synonyms (Paragraph 9) 4. The abundance of specific words in English for general notions (Paragraph 10)
新编英语教程5Unit1-8课文及译文参考
Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词,不准确的短语,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修饰,都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
全新版大学英语5课文翻译
Going for BrokeMatea Gold and David Ferrell1 Rex Coile's life is a narrow box, so dark and confining he wonders how he got trapped inside, whether he'll ever get out.孤注一掷马泰娅·戈尔德戴维·费雷尔雷克斯·科勒好像生活在一个狭窄的箱子里,伸手不见五指,空间又狭小,他不知道自己是怎么陷进去的,也不知道自己还能不能走出来。
2 He never goes to the movies, never sees concerts, never lies on a sunny beach, never travels on vacation, never spends Christmas with his family. Instead, Rex shares floor space in cheap motels with other compulsive gamblers, comforting himself with delusional dreams of jackpots that will magically wipe away three decades of wreckage. He has lost his marriage, his home, his Cadillac, his clothes, his diamond ring. Not least of all, in the card clubs of Southern California, he has lost his pride.他从不看电影,从不听音乐会,从不躺在沙滩上晒太阳,从不在假日去旅游,从不和家人一起过圣诞节。
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1_15)
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit1~15)
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5-课文翻译
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5 课文翻译Passage ABefore You ReadWhat do you know about the cultural conflict between China and the West?conflict:[ˈkɒnflɪkt , kənˈflɪkt] n.冲突;争执;争论;矛盾;不一致。
v.(两种思想、信仰等)冲突,抵触。
Cultural:[ˈkʌltʃərəl]adj. 与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的。
你对中西文化冲突了解多少Differences between American and Chinese Classes美国和中国的课堂差异We hear about the informality in American classes from time to time. For instance, American professors/teachers do not dress up very formally and they generally call students by their first names. Students can speak out in class, where they do not even need to raise their hands. In addition, in many schools, students can eat or drink during class. American students sometimes argue with their teachers in class, give teachers suggestions on things that need changing, or even criticize their ideas.hear about 得知; 听到关于from time to time 不时地;间或;偶尔For instance 例如;譬如。
(完整word版)新编英语教程5(1-12)课文翻译.docx
Unit 1恰到好处你一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上子?只他左敲敲,右敲敲,不准会将整个子翻,果敲来敲去到来只敲了半截。
而熟的木匠就不么干。
他每敲一下都会巧妙地正着落下去,一到底。
言也是如此。
一位秀的家造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的点。
差不多的,不准确的短,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修,都无法使一位追求真英的作家意。
他会一直思考,直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的。
法国人有一个很切的短来表达一个意思,即“ le mot juste”, 恰到好的。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人事,比如福楼拜常花几天的力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无。
在浩瀚的海中,与之有着微妙的区,要找到能恰如其分表达我意思的非易事。
不是扎的言功底和相当大的量的,需要人尽汁,要察敏。
是程的一个步,也是描述我的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和者深刻理解的一个。
有人:“在我思想未成文之前,我怎么知道自己的想法?” 听起来似乎很离,但它确很有道理。
找恰如其分的的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个,我就会感到很欣慰:辛得到了回。
准确地用言有助于我深入了解我描述的事物。
例如,当有人你:“某某是怎么的人?”你回答:“恩,我想他是个不的家伙,但他非常⋯⋯”接着你犹豫了,找到一个或短来明他到底在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短的候,你自己他的看法更清楚,也更精确了。
一些英根相同而意却截然不同。
例如human 和 humane, 二者的根相同,也相关,但用法完全不同。
“human action (人行 ) ”和“ humane action( 人道行 ) ”完全是两事。
我不能“人道力宣言”,而是“人宣言”。
有一种屠工具叫“ humane killer (麻醉屠宰机 ) ,而不是 human killer (人机器 ) 。
言中的坏手的例子在我身随可。
有人邀一名学生去吃,他写信予回复。
看他的信是尾的:“我将很高赴并不安(anxiety)期待着那个日子的到来。
”“ Anxiety ”含有和恐惧的意味。
新编大学英语第五册课文与翻译
Unit 1 suspensePassage ReadingThe Lady or the Tiger?by Frank Stockton1 Long ago there lived a semi-barbaric king who had a great imagination. One of his ideas was to build a big arena as an agent of justice where crime was punished or virtue rewarded. When a subject1 was accused of a crime of sufficient importance to interest the king, public notice was given that on an appointed day the fate of an accused person would be decided in the king’s arena.2 When all the people had assembled in the galleries, and the king, surrounded by the court, sat high up on his throne on one side of the arena, he gave a signal, a door beneath him opened, and the accused subject stepped out into the arena. Directly opposite him on the other side were two doors, exactly alike and side by side. It was the duty and the privilege of the person on trial to walk directly to these doors and open one of them. He could open either door he pleased. He was subject to no guidance or influence, only chance. If he opened one, there came out of it a cruel and hungry tiger, which immediately sprang upon him and tore him to pieces as punishment for his guilt. But, if the accused person opened the other door, there came forth a lady, the most suitable to his age and station2 that the king could select from among his fair3 subjects; and to this lady he was immediately married as a reward for his innocence. It didn’t matter that he might possess a wife and family or that his affections might be engaged upon a lady of his own selection. The wedding took place immediately and in the arena. Bells rang, people shouted glad hurrahs, and the innocent man led his bride home.3 This was the king’s method of administering justice, its fai rness was obvious. The accused person was instantly punished if he found himself guilty and, if innocent, he was rewarded on the spot. The institution4 was a very popular one. The element of uncertainty gave interest to the occasion which could not other wise have a happened.54 The king had a beautiful and willful daughter. She was the apple of his eye and he loved her above all humanity.6 Among his courtiers was a young man of a low station whom the princess loved because he was very handsome and brave. This love affair moved along happily for many months, until one day the king happened to find out about it. He immediately had the youth imprisoned and appointed a day for a trial in the arena. Never before had such a case occurred; never before had a subject dared to love the daughter of a king.5 The tiger-cages of the kingdom were searched for the most savage beast, from which the fiercest one could be selected for the arena. Young and beautiful maidens were carefully surveyed in order that the young man might have a suitable bride if fate did not determine him a different destiny. Of course, everybody knew that thedeed with which the accused was charged had been done. He loved the princess and did not deny it, but the king would take pleasure in watching the events which would determine whether or not the young man had done wrong in allowing himself to love the princess.6 The day of the trial arrived. From far and near the people gathered and crowded the galleries of the arena. The king and his court entered and sat in their places opposite the twin doors. All was ready. The signal was given. A door beneath the royal party opened and the lover of the princess walked into the arena. Tall and handsome, he was greeted by a hum of admiration. Half the audience had not known that so grand a youth had lived among them. No wonder the princess loved him! What a terrible thing for him to be there!7 as the youth advanced into the arena, he turned, as the custom was, to bow to the king, but he did not think at all of her father. Form the very moment that the decree had gone forth, that her lover should decide his fate in the arena, she had thought of nothing else.7 Possessed of more power and determination than anyone connected with a previous case, she found out the secret of the doors. She knew behind which door stood the tiger cage with its open front and behind which door waited the lady. She had used both gold and determination to find out the secret.8 The princess also knew who the lady was. It was one of the most beautiful of the ladies of the court, and the princess hated her. Often the princess had seen, or imagined that she had seen, this fair creature glancing with admiration at her lover, and sometimes the princess thought that these glances were returned. Now and then she had seen them talking together.9 When her lover looked at her, and his eye met hers, he knew that she knew behind which door crouched the tiger and behind which stood the lady. He had expected her to know it as he understood her nature and determination. Then it was that his quick and anxi ous glance asked the question: “Which?”8 It was as plain to her as if he had shouted it from where he stood.9 There was not an instant to be lost. The question was asked in a flash; it must be answered in another. She raised her hand and made a slight, quick movement to- ward the right. No one but her lover saw her. Every eye was fixed on the man in the arena. Every breath was held and every eye remained fixed on that man. Without the slightest hesitation, he went to the door on the right and opened it.10 Now, the point of the story is this: Did the tiger come out of the door, or did the lady? The more we think about this question, the harder it is to answer. It involves a study of the human heart which leads us through devious mazes of passion out of which it is difficult to fine our way.10 the soul of the princess beat with a white heat beneath the combined fires of despair and jealousy.11 she had lost him, but who should have him? How often in her waling hours and in her dreams had she thoughtof her lover opening the door on the other side of which waited the cruel fangs of the tiger! But how much oftener had she seen him at the other door and she could see his delight as he opened the door of the lady! Her soul had burned with agony as she imagined him rushing to meet that woman with her sparkling eyes of triumph. She further imagined the glad shouts of the crowd as the two handsome people were married and walked away showered with flowers.12 Her one despairing shriek was lost in the noise.11 Would it not be better for him to die at once? And yet, that awful tiger, those shrieks, that blood! Her decision had been indicated in an instant, but it had been made after days and nights of anguished thought. She had known she would be asked, she had decided what she would answer, and, without the slightest hesitation, she had moved her hand to the right.12 The question of her decision is not to be lightly considered, and it is not for me to presume to set myself up as the one person able to answer it.13 And so I leave it with all of you: Which came out of the opened door, — the lady, or the tiger? (1,307 words)Time taken:____________minutesUNIT 2 MannersIN-CLASS READINGNo One Stops to Say "Thank You" Anymore1 I am sitting in a local restaurant offering takeout homestyle meals, surrounded by exhausted but happy shoppers, families out for Friday night dinner, and students taking a break from college exams. The warm room buzzes with conversation. A well-known local homeless man very untidy but clean comes in, places an order, pays for it, then sits quietly waiting for his dinner. All talk stops. No one looks at him and several diners leave. He is aware of the general discomfort his presence has caused. When his takeout is ready, he gathers up his numerous bags and his dinner and, laden down, advances to the door to go back to the streets. Just as he reaches the door and begins to shift bundles to free a hand, a well-dressed man coming to the restaurant steps aside and holds the door for him. The homeless man stops and says, "Thank you very much."2 What struck me about this encounter was not the wealthier man helping out the less fortunate one. It was the homeless man stopping to thank him despite being desperate to escape a room full of disapproving people. No doubt he also thanked whoever had given him the money to buy dinner. In line buying my own meal, no one had thanked the young people behind the counter who dished up mashed potatoes for them. Had I taken a poll of the room, though, I bet everyone there would have considered themselves as having more manners than a person who lives on the streets.3 But how many of us are truly well-mannered? Some observations have been surprising.4 When I let someone into my lane of traffic, men almost always acknowledge this courtesy with a wave of the hand; women (the "polite" sex) hardly ever do. More women than men (the "chivalrous" sex) hold open doors for those behind them; teenage boys commit this nicety the least. And I no longer see mothers instructing a child, boy or girl, to hold open a door when several people are approaching something expected of all boys when I was growing up.5 Manners are a tool to remind us of others around us. Our actions affect each other; there is always give and take. However, if youth today are any indication, we are truly destined to become a society of people who think only of themselves. Maybe it sounds cliché, but my parents would have killed me had I done some of the things I endure from today's youth.6 I never ran in public, much less between and around the legs of people in stores. One scream and I would have been taken to the car and lectured on my behavior. Whenever I was rude in public, I was made to apologize; my parents didn't do it for me. These embarrassing moments didn't harm me; rather, they caused me to become aware that there were others inhabiting this world besides myself and my actions affected them.7 I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling, and only half the time have the parents apologized. Often they simply gather upthe children, making no eye contact, and take them to another part of the store to run around. If a child isn't made to deal with a minor situation, how will one ever handle a major faux pa& (which we all inevitably commit at some point)?8 I have noticed that children are not even being schooled in social graces. At a Sunday brunch, a clown was making balloon animals for the children. My friend's daughter, Sarah, stood by me waiting her turn'. One by one the children grabbed their balloons and yes ran.I was the only adult present who prompted "What do you say?" when the clown handed Sarah her balloon. The clown beamed at us, grateful he had actually been acknowledged.9 I don't blame the children, however. They emulate what they see. And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition be it the dream house or another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway without ever stopping to thank the source.10 Rude language is now so commonplace that it is accepted behavior. And I'm not talking about the obviously blue vocabulary in books and movies, or that damn is considered harmless compared to what else has become acceptable. I'm referring to inconsiderate word choice. For example, while discussing a story idea with an editor, a very young staff member asked if I was the "chick" who had called for information. I said nothing, knowing that a show of displeasure would have labeled me oversensitive rather than him rude.11 Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally than ever before. And, yes, we have made real strides in these areas. But isn't it ironic that these same people don't find it necessary to say "Excuse me" to an older couple walking very slowly in front of them, before zooming around the couple?12 It's not necessary to provide yet another analysis of the disintegration of the family or the breakdown of the social fabric or the price of democracy to explain what hashappened to our society. The matter at hand is simply to thank the next person who provides a helping hand when needed.13 In a crowded world, manners are of vital importance. Small, friendly human interactions help ease the everyday stress of having to hurry, trying to squeeze onto a crowded thoroughfare, standing in one more line to deal with a clerk of some kind, or calling a customer service representative for the third time about a mistake on a bill. Manners make us aware that everything we have derives from a source. Are we really so pressured that we cannot stop to observe simple courtesy?(991 words)Time taken: ______ minutesProper NameSarah(女子名)萨拉New Wordsacknowledgev. show thanks for 就……表示谢意,致谢e.g. He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.acquisitionn. the act of getting land, power, money, etc. 获取e.g. The acquisition of the property took months.anymoreadv. any longer (一般只用于表示否定意义的上下文中)而今再也e.g. I don't like being called Theresa anymore. It's old-fashioned.brunchn. a meal that serves as both breakfast and lunch 早午餐bundlen. a group of things such as papers, clothes, or sticks that are fastened or tied together 捆,束,包e.g. He gathered the bundles of clothing into his arms.buzzv.1) be filled with a lot of excitement or activity 充满了激动或活动的声音e.g. The narrow streets in the area buzzed with stories of the killers.2) talk quietly at the same time 发出低沉、嘈杂的声音e.g. The audience buzzed throughout the performance.chasev. quickly follow someone or something trying to catch them 追逐,追赶e.g. Outside in the yard, kids were yelling and chasing each other.chickn. American slang for a young woman (偶)少女,少妇chivalrousadj. (esp. of men) marked by bravery, honor, generosity, and good manners (esp. toward women) (男人) 有骑士风度的clichén. an expression that is used too often and has lost most of its meaning陈词滥调clownn. a performer, especially in the circus, who dresses strangely and tries to make peoplelaugh by his jokes, tricks or actions 小丑commonplaceadj. ordinary; not regarded as special or unusual 普通的,不足为奇的e.g. A few years ago it was quite rare to see women unaccompanied by men in a pub, now it's commonplace.courtesyn. polite behavior; a polite or kind action or expression 有礼的举止或言辞e.g. The student replied with promptness and courtesy.democracyn. social equality and the right to take part in decision-making 民主e.g. Democracy is spreading around the world in various forms.destinedadj. certain to happen at some time in the future 命中注定的e.g. He feels that he was destined to become a musician.disintegration*n. the state of becoming weaker or less united and being gradually destroyed 解体,瓦解emulatev. try to be like someone else, because you admire them 仿效e.g. People often try to emulate their favorite pop singers or movie stars.fabricn.1) a framework or structure 组构,组织e.g. He said the fabric of society was threatened by groups of criminals involved withdrugs, violence and robbery.2) material or cloth made by weaving threads together 织物,(纺)织品e.g. My shirt is made of cotton fabric.freewayn. (AmE) a very wide road built for fast long-distance travel 高速公路,高速干道indicationn. a sign of something; something that is suggested 象征,迹象e. g. This was a clear indication that they were in financial difficulty.inevitably*adv. unavoidably 不可避免地e.g. An organization of this size inevitably has problems.ironic*adj. full of irony 讽刺的,有讽刺意味的e.g. How ironic that he should have been invited to play for the English team on the very day that he broke his leg.ladenadj. heavily loaded with something 装满的,充满的e.g. She arrived back home laden with shopping bags.oversensitive*adj. too easily influenced or offended 过分敏感的,神经过敏的siblingn. a brother or sister 兄弟(或姐妹), 同胞squeezev.1) fit by forcing, pressing or crowding挤人,挤过,塞e.g. Anne squeezed herself into the crowded elevator.2) press firmly together, especially from opposite sides 压,挤,榨e.g. She squeezed the tube hard and the last of the tooth paste came out.striden.1) an improvement in a situation or in the development of something 进展,进步e.g. We've made great strides in medical technology this century.2) a long step 大步,步幅e.g. With every stride, runners hit the ground with up to five times their body-weight.v. walk quickly with long steps 阔步行进,大踏步走e. g. He came striding along the path, with his gun over his shoulder.takeout(AmE)adj. intended to be taken from the point of sale and consumed elsewhere 供顾客带出外吃的.n. food made to be taken out 外卖的食物thoroughfaren. the main road through place such as a city or town 大街,大道Phrases and Expressionsat handnear in time or space 近在手边,附近;即将到来e.g. I picked up a book that happened to lie at hand and read a few pages.disk upput into and/ or serve in a dish as food 把(食物)装盘,盛在盘中端上(饭菜)e.g. I will dish up the first course.gather upbring together into one group, collection, or place 使聚集,收拢,集拢e.g. She watched Willie gather up the papers and stuff them carelessly in his pocket.give-and-takethe practice of making mutual concessions; willingness to compromise 互相让步,互相迁就e.g. You can't always insist on your own way—there has to be some give-and-take.help (someone) outgive help and support to someone who has problems 帮助某人(尢指摆脱困境或危难)e.g. I) I helped out with the secretarial work.II) I think her colleagues did help her out on that occasion.lecture onscold or warn, especially at some length 训斥,告诫e.g. She lectured her children on good table manners.much lesseven less likely 更谈不上e.g. Jack can hardly understand arithmetic, much less geometry.no doubtalmost certainly; very probably 肯定地,想必e.g. 1 ) You've all no doubt heard the news.II) No doubt I learned a lot from that lecture.run aroundrun excitedly and randomly within a particular area 在……四处奔跑e.g. We need a large garden, where the kids can run around freely.run overmake one's way quickly over 在……上跑过,撞倒e.g. We almost ran over a fox that was crossing the road.step asidewalk to one side 走开一点,让开一点e.g. The crowd stepped aside to let the chairman pass.UNIT 3 Business StrategiesIN-CLASS READINGBusiness Lessons from the Rain ForestTakashi Kiuchi1 The environment and the emerging information economy are two issues most vital to the future of my business, and perhaps the world. To me, these topics seem intimately linked. Perhaps this is partly because I work for Mitsubishi Electric, an electronics company, and I see our impacts on the environment. But my most important lessons about the link among business, the environment, and the economy did not come from my company. I learned them in the forest.2 On my trip to Asia, I visited the Malaysian rain forest. What I learned changed my life asa corporate executive.3 I learned that saving the rain forests in fact, saving the environment is more than an environmental necessity. It is a business opportunity. In our case, it is an opportunity to pursue business opportunities that use creativity and technology to substitute for trees, for resources of any kind.4 I learned something else in the rain forest, too, something more profound. I learned how we might operate our company not just to save the rain forest, but to be more like the rain forest.5 To be agile and creative, we must structure our company so that we are a learning organization. Not top-down, but bottom-up. Not centralized, but decentralized. Not limited by rules, but motivated by objectives. Not structured like a machine which cannot learn but like a living system, which can.6 When I visited the rain forest, I realized that it was a model of the perfect learning organization, a place that excels by learning to adapt to what it doesn't have. A rain forest has almost no resources. The soil is thin. There are few nutrients. It consumes almost nothing. Wastes are food. Design is capital. So my model for Mitsubishi Electric is an organization that is like a rain forest in those respects.7 Rain forests have no productive assets, yet they are incredibly productive. They are home to millions of types of plants and animals more than two-thirds of all biodiversity in the world. Those plants and animals are so perfectly mixed that the system is more efficient, and more creative, than any business in the world.8 If we ran our companies like the rain forest, imagine how creative, how productive, how ecologically benign we could be. We can begin by operating less like a machine and more like a living system. At Mitsubishi Electric, we have begun to adopt an environmental management system founded on principles of industrial ecology. For us, this means twothings: First, we must have our eyes wide open and see the environmental costs and benefits of our business. Second, based on what we see, we must take action:See costs and reduce them. See benefits and increase them. See needs and fill them.9 When I visited the rain forest, I realized that, as business people, we have been looking at the rain forest all wrong. What is valuable about the rain forest is not the trees, which we can take out. What is valuable is the design, the relationships, from which comes the real value of the forest. When we take trees from the forest, we can ruin its design. But when we take lessons from the forest, we further its purpose. We can develop the human ecosystem into as intricate and creative a system as we find in the rain forest. We can do more with less; grow without shrinking.10 While the rain forest has many design principles, let's discuss three:11 Differentiate. Be yourself, be unique. In the rain forest, conformity leads to extinction. If two organisms have the same niche, only one survives. The other adapts or dies. 12 The same thing happens in today's economy. If two businesses have the same niche, making exactly the same product, only one survives. The other adapts or dies. Most companies today are trying to be the one that survives by cutting costs, radically downsizing, desperately seeking the lowest cost.13 It's smarter to differentiate. Create unique products, different from any others. Fill unique niches. Don't kill our competitors or be killed by them sidestep them instead. Only then is it time to reduce costs and grow more efficient.14 Cooperate. Today, many people think competitiveness is the key to business success, but such thinking is out of date. Today, as we grow different, we learn that none of us is whole. We need each other to fill in our gaps. For example, at my company, we no longer look to grow bigger simply by acquiring more and more companies as subsidiaries. Instead, we are engaging in cooperative joint ventures with many others. Each companyretains its independence, its specialty, and its core competence. Together we benefit from our diversity.15 Be a good fit. We used to say only the fittest survives; only one can be the winner. But the rain forest has many winners.16 The same can be true in our economy. In this new, diverse, rain-forest economy, it is not a question of who is most fit. It is a question of where we best fit. If we fit if we solve a social problem, fulfill a social need we will survive and excel. If we only create problems, we will not.17 I am often asked whether the needs of the corporation and the needs of the environment are in conflict. I do not believe they are. In the long run, they cannot be.18 Conventional wisdom is that the highest mission of a corporation is to maximize profits and return to shareholders. That is a myth. It has never been true. Profit is just money a medium of exchange. You always trade it for something else. So profits are not an end; they are a means to an end.19 My philosophy is this: We don't run our business to earn profits. We earn profits to run our business. Our business has meaning and purpose a reason to be here.20 People talk today about business needing to be socially responsible, as if this is something new we need to do, on top of everything else we do. But social responsibility is not something that one should do as an extra benefit of the business. The whole essence of the business should be social responsibility. It must live for a purpose. Otherwise, why should it live at all?21 What I learned from the rain forest is easy to understand. We can use less and have more. It is the only way, for the interests of business and the interests of the environment are not incompatible.(1102 words)Time taken: _______ minutesProper NamesMalaysianadj. 马来西亚的Mitsubishi Electric日本三菱电气公司Takashi Kiuchi(日本男子名)木内孝New Wordsagileadj. active, lively, think quickly 灵活的,(才思)敏捷的e.g. The agile monkey swung from branch to branch.biodiversityn. biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals 生物品种competencen. the ability and skill to do what is needed 能力,技能e.g. I'm only worried about his attitude to the job: his competence is not in question.conformity *n. agreement with established rules, customs, etc. 一致,顺从e.g. Excessive conformity is usually caused by fear of disapproval . conventionaladj. following what is traditional or considered to be normal 传统的,符合习俗的e.g. The house was built with conventional materials but in a totally new style.cooperatev. work with somebody else to achieve something 合作,协作,配合e.g. I ) Our company is cooperating with a Danish firm on this project. II) The art department cooperated with the editorial department to produce the book.coren.1) the central or most important part of something 核心,要点e.g. The basic lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.2) the hard center of certain fruits, containing seeds 果心,核e.g. She finished her apple and threw the core away.differentiatev.1) make or become different in the process of growth or development (使)变异e.g. The cells differentiate into a wide variety of cell types.2) to see or express a difference (between) 区分,区别e.g. A child may not differentiate between his imagination and the real world.diversity *n. the condition of being different or having differences 差异,多样性e.g. Newspapers were obliged to allow a diversity of views to be printed.downsize *v. to make a business or industry smaller 缩减,削减e.g. I ) The company will have to downsize to cut costs.II) American manufacturing organizations have been downsizing their factories.ecologically *adv. from the point of view of ecology 从生态学的观点看e.g. Ecologically, the new dam (大坝) has been a disaster.ecologyn. the pattern and balance of relationships between plants, animals, people, and the environment in that place 生态e.g. The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile (脆弱的)ecology of the coastline.ecosystem *n. all the plants and animals that live in a particular area together with the complex relationship that exists between them and their environment 生态系统electronicsn.1) electronic devices and equipment 电子器件e.g. All the electronics are housed in a waterproof box.2) a branch of physics that deals with the emission, behavior and effects of electrons and with electronic devices 电子学,电子技术e.g. The field of modern electronics has grown rapidly.extinction *n. a situation in which a particular kind of animal, plant, etc. no longer exists 消灭;灭绝e.g. There are many animals in danger of extinction.incompatible *adj. unable to exist together in harmony 不相容的,不协调的,不相配的e.g. I ) I don't think either of them was to blame: they were just incompatible.II) His behavior has been incompatible with his role as head of the state.objectiven. an aim that you are trying to achieve 目的,目标e.g. The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment, adj. not influenced by one's own personal feelings, based only on facts 客观的,不带偏见的e.g. I ) Please try to give an objective report of what happened.。
新编英语教程5英译汉
1. Stories are told of scrupulous writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right.译文:据说一丝不苟的作家,比如福楼拜(Flaubert),为了把一两句句子完全写正确,会花上几天的时间。
2.Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. 译文:选择词语是领悟过程的一部分,是为自己、为读者和听众准确表达思想感情这个过程的一部分。
3.By using his dictionary, and above all by reading, a student can increase his sensitivity to these shades of difference and improve his ability to express his own meanings exactly. 译文:通过查阅词典,更重要的是通过阅读,学生可以增强辨别词语意思细微差别的能力,并提高准确表达自己意思的能力。
4.The foreign student of English may be discouraged and dismayed when he learns that there are over 400,000 words in the English language, without counting slang. But let him take courage. More than half of these words are dead. They are not in current use. Even Shakespeare used a vocabulary of only some 20,000 words. The average Englishman today probably has a vocabulary range of from 12,000 to 13,000 words.译文:当得知不计俚语,英语单词总数超过40万个,学习英语的外国学生可能会灰心丧气。
新编英语教程5翻译
翻译Unit 71. Her questions about the functioning of the software manifests a great interest in Information Technology on her part. 她关于电脑软件功能的提问现实出她对信息技术的浓厚兴趣。
2. We have no grounds to prove the validity of the theory of the “missing link.”我们没有任何证据可以证明有关“过渡生物”的理论的正确性。
3. To a certain extent , his reasoning is valid, but not as a general rule. 在一定程度上 他的推理是正确的 但不总是这样。
4. His tireless efforts yielded great fruits --- a new theory in genetics. 他的不懈努力解除了说过------一条新的遗传学理论。
5. Don’t think that all great scientists are endowed with special talents --- it’s 99% of perspiration and only 1% of inspiration that make them great. 不要认为所有的伟大科学家都有天赋的才能————他们之所以伟大要归功于百分之十九的辛勤劳动和百分之一的灵感。
6. What criteria did you use when you elected the chairperson of the Students’ Union? 你选举学生会主席是用哪些标准衡量的7. Can you identify the handwriting of all your students? 你能认出你所有学生的笔迹吗8. Whether or not the outcome is successful lies with the efforts made by the candidates. 结果的成败取决于应试者们所做的努力。
新编英语教程5部分课文翻译
Unit1 Hit the Nail on the head你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词,不准确的短语,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修饰,都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
他会一直思考,直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思,即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事,比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。
在浩瀚的词海中,词与词之间有着微妙的区别,要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。
这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题,还需要人们绞尽脑汁,要观察敏锐。
选词是认识过程的一个步骤,也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。
有人说:“在我思想未成文之前,我怎么知道自己的想法?”这听起来似乎很离谱,但它确实很有道理。
寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个词,我们就会感到很欣慰:辛劳得到了回报。
准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。
例如,当有人问你:“某某是怎么样的人?”你回答说:“恩,我想他是个不错的家伙,但他非常……”接着你犹豫了,试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候,你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚,也更精确了。
一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。
例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同,词义也相关,但用法完全不同。
“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。
我们不能说“人道权力宣言”,而是说“人权宣言”。
新编英语教程5课文翻译(unit115)(学生必备)
Unit 1 hit the nail on the head 恰到好处Have you ever watche d a clumsy man hammer ing a nail into a box? He hits it firstto one side, then to anothe r, perhap s knocki ng it over compl e t ely,so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skill f u l carpen ter, on the otherhand, will drivethe nail with a few firm, deft blows,hittin g it each time square ly on the head. So with langua ge; the good crafts man will choose wordsthat drivehome his pointfirmly and exactl y. A word that is more or less right,a loosephrase, an ambigu ous expres sion,a vagueadject ive(模糊的形容词), will not satisf y a write r who aims at cleanEnglis h. He will try always to get the word that is comple telyrightfor his purpos e.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
新编英语教程5(第三版李观仪)unit-8课文及译文参考
Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
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Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective(模糊的形容词), will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。
而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。
他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。
语言也是如此。
一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。
差不多的词,不准确的短语,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修饰,都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。
他会一直思考,直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
The French have an apt(贴切的)phrase for this. They speak of “le mot juste,”(the exact word) the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous(一丝不苟的)writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle(微妙的)and delicate(细腻的)in their different shades(色调)of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely(正是,恰恰)what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?” this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it.法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思,即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。
有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事,比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。
在浩瀚的词海中,词与词之间有着微妙的区别,要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。
这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题,还需要人们绞尽脑汁,要观察敏锐。
选词是认识过程的一个步骤,也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。
有人说:“在我思想未成文之前,我怎么知道自己的想法?”这听起来似乎很离谱,但它确实很有道理。
It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery(掌握)over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a man is so-and-so(某某等)?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite a nice chap (家伙)but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that you don’t like, that constitutes(构成)his limitation. When you find the right phrase you feel that your conception of the man is clearer and sharper.寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。
一旦找到了那个词,我们就会感到很欣慰:辛劳得到了回报。
准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。
例如,当有人问你:“某某是怎么样的人?”你回答说:“恩,我想他是个不错的家伙,但他非常……”接着你犹豫了,试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。
当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候,你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚,也更精确了。
Some English words have a common root but are used in very different senses. Consider human and humane(人道,仁慈的), for example. Their origin is the same and their meanings are related, but their usage is distinct. A human action is not the same thing as a humane action. We cannot speak of a Declaration of Humane Rights. --- There is a weapon called a humane killer, but it is not a human killer.一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。
例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同,词义也相关,但用法完全不同。
“ human action (人类行为)”和“humane action ( 人道行为)”完全是两码事。
我们不能说“人道权力宣言”,而是说“人权宣言”。
有一种屠杀工具叫“h umane killer ( 麻醉屠宰机),而不是human killer ( 杀人机器)。
We don’t have to look far afield to find evidence of bad carpentry in language. A student, replying to an invitation to dinner, finished his letter: “I shall be delighted to come and I am looking forward to the day with anxiety.”Anxiety carries with it suggestions of worry and fear. What the writer meant was possibly eagerness. Anxiety has some kinship(亲属关系)with eagerness but it will not do as a substitute(替代)in this context.语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。
有人邀请一名学生去吃饭,他写信给予回复。
请看他的信是这样结尾的:“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安(anxiety )期待着那个日子的到来。
”“Anxiety” 含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。
作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。
“Anxiety” 跟热切期盼有一定的关联,但在这个场合是不能等同的。
The leader of a political party in Uganda wrote a letter to the Press which contained this sentenc e:乌干达一政党领袖给新闻界的一封信中有一句这样写道:Let us all fight this selfishness, opportunism, cowardice and ignorance now rife in Uganda and put in their place truth, manliness, consistency and singularity of mind.让我们打破这自私、投机、怯懦和无知充斥的乌干达,代之以真理,刚毅,坚定和奇异的精神。
This stirring appeal is spoilt by a malapropism in the last phrase, the word singularity. What the writer meant, I think, was singleness of mind, holding steadfastly to the purpose in mind, without being drawn aside by less worthy objects. Singularity means oddity or peculiarity, something that singles a man out from other men这一激动人心的呼吁被最后一个词“奇异(singularity)” 的误用破坏掉了。