法律英语名词解释
法律英语知识点归纳
法律英语知识点归纳法律英语是指在法律领域中使用的英语语言和术语。
对于从事国际商法、国际仲裁、国际贸易等方面的工作人员来说,掌握法律英语是非常重要的。
本文将详细介绍一些常用的法律英语知识点。
一、法律体系及法律原则1. Common Law(普通法):源于英国的法律制度,以判例为基础,注重司法判决的先例。
2. Civil Law(民法):法律体系以法典为基础,强调通过法典和条例规范法律事务。
3. Statute(法令):由立法机关制定通过的具有法律效力的规定。
4. Case Law(判例法):法院对特定案件的判决和裁决形成的先例,对类似案件具有法律约束力。
5. Precedent(先例):判决或裁决后的法律准则,被认为可以指导类似案件的判决。
6. Hierarchy of Laws(法律等级):指不同法律的优先级别,一般按照宪法、法令、法律、法规、命令、条例等顺序排列。
二、合同法1. Contract(合同):双方达成的协议,包括权利和义务。
2. Offer(提议):要约,表明愿意与他人达成协议。
3. Acceptance(接受):对提议的同意。
4. Consideration(对价):作为一方履行合同义务的回报。
5. Breach of Contract(违约):未能按照合同约定履行义务。
6. Force Majeure(不可抗力):无法预见或控制的事件,免除违约责任。
7. Jurisdiction(管辖权):法院对案件有管辖权的能力。
8. Damages(赔偿金):违约方需支付给另一方的经济损失补偿。
9. Termination(终止):合同约定的条件下,解除合同关系。
三、知识产权法1. Intellectual Property(知识产权):由创造性思维产生的无形资产。
2. Copyright(版权):保护个人作品的权益。
3. Patent(专利):保护新发明的独特性和可产业化的权益。
4. Trademark(商标):区分商品来源的标志。
法律英语重点专业词汇解析
法律英语重点专业词汇解析1. 法律英语概述法律英语是法学专业中的重要分支之一,涉及到法律文件、合同、法律案例等与法律相关的各种文字材料。
掌握法律英语的专业词汇对于理解和应用法律文本具有重要意义。
2. 法律英语重点专业词汇在法律英语中,有许多准确而专业的词汇需要掌握。
以下是一些常见的法律英语专业词汇的解析:- Act: 法案,指一项通过国会或议会法律程序,成为法律的法案。
- Arbitration: 仲裁,指由第三方解决争议的法律程序。
- Defendant: 被告,指在法庭上被控告的一方。
- Injunction: 禁令,指法院颁发的禁止某些行为的命令。
- Jurisdiction: 管辖权,指法院有权处理某一特定案件的权力。
- Litigation: 诉讼,指通过法律程序解决争议的过程。
- Patent: 专利,指一项新的发明或发现的独特技术。
- Plaintiff: 原告,指在法庭上提起诉讼的一方。
- Tort: 侵权行为,指侵犯他人权益的非法行为。
- Waiver: 放弃,指明确放弃某种合法权利的行为。
3. 法律英语研究方法了解法律英语的专业词汇是研究法律英语的基础。
以下是一些研究法律英语的方法:- 积累词汇:通过背诵和记忆法律英语的专业词汇,增加词汇量和理解能力。
- 阅读法律文本:阅读法律文件、合同和案例,提高对法律英语的理解和应用能力。
- 借助工具:使用法律英语词典、翻译软件等工具,提供准确、专业的词汇解释和翻译。
4. 结论法律英语的专业词汇对于学习和理解法律文本具有至关重要的意义。
通过积累词汇、阅读法律文本以及借助工具,我们可以提高对法律英语的掌握和应用能力。
希望这篇文档能够为学习法律英语的同学们提供一些帮助。
法律名词
accord释义:accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord 达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
acquire释义:acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition 和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
act释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear相对应。
如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear fromaction释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,在法律英语中则理解为诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
adopt释义:adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。
常用的法律英语术语
常用的法律英语术语法律英语是一种特殊的语言体系,由法律术语组成。
对于研究法律的学生和从事法律工作的专业人士来说,熟悉常用的法律英语术语是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的法律英语术语,并提供简单的解释。
下面是一些常见的法律英语术语:1. Lawsuit(诉讼)诉讼是指在法院提起的一系列法律程序,目的是解决法律纠纷。
在诉讼过程中,原告向法院提出指控,被告进行辩护,并且法院最终做出裁决。
诉讼是解决法律争议的一种正式途径。
2. Plaintiff(原告)原告是在一起诉讼中提起诉讼的一方。
原告将被告带入法庭,并寻求法院对其主张的支持。
3. Defendant(被告)被告是在一起诉讼中被指控的一方。
被告需要在法庭上进行辩护,并试图反驳原告提出的指控。
4. Contract(合同)合同是由两个或多个当事人之间达成的法律协议。
合同规定了各方的权利和义务,可以是书面或口头形式。
合同是保障当事人权益的重要法律文件。
5. Breach of Contract(合同违约)合同违约是指合同一方未能履行其在合同中规定的义务。
当一方未能履行合同条款时,另一方可以采取法律行动来追求赔偿或解除合同。
6. Tort(侵权行为)侵权行为指的是一方在未获得另一方同意的情况下,通过行为或不行为给另一方造成了伤害或损失。
常见的侵权行为包括人身伤害、财产损失等。
7. Negligence(疏忽)疏忽是指一方在行为上未能按照合理的标准行事,从而给他人造成伤害或损失。
在法律上,如果被告以不合理的方式行事,并因此给原告造成了损害,那么可以被认定为疏忽。
8. Crime(犯罪)犯罪是指违反法律的行为。
根据犯罪的严重程度,有不同的刑事罪名和相应的刑罚。
犯罪行为可能包括盗窃、谋杀、强奸等。
9. Plaintiff’s Attorney(原告律师)原告律师是代表原告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。
原告律师负责收集证据、起草法律文件,并代表原告出庭。
10. Defendant’s Attorney(被告律师)被告律师是代表被告在诉讼过程中提供法律援助的专业人士。
法律常用术语分类中英对照
法律常用术语分类中英对照法律常用术语【(一)、法令】rule 条例law 法律criminal law 刑法interpret 解释(法律)the legislature 立法机构the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system 法律体系【(二)、主体】the judge 法官the lawyer 律师(总称)the jury 陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the prosecutor(刑事案件)原告人;检察官,公诉人;the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人the injured party/victim被害人witness/eyewitness 见证人,目击者the prosecution 原告及其代理律师;代表原告的律师the accused/defendant 被告人the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【(三)、违法】【案件种类】case 案件crime - criminal adj.a criminal case 刑事案件a civil case民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】guilt n. [Antonym] innocence guilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crime violate a criminal lawmurder 谋杀罪 first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪;故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪;过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪 sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪criminal: n. 罪犯 a convicted criminal :one who has been judged guilty in a court of law a hardened criminal :someone who has committed many crimes stab v. 用刀具行凶,捅,刺 to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their body stab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀mug v. =rob 抢劫 to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions 【(四)、程序】【逮捕】arrestpick up :to arrest someone and take them away in a car 【调查】investigationconduct a criminal investigation intocriminal proceedings :the process of examining a crime in a court of lawcross-examination 【诉讼】find someone guilty/not guilty ofsomething :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyto be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crimecharge v. to charge sb. with certain crime be charged with (doing) sth e.g. They are the jury forthe trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.prosecute -prosecution n. to prosecute sb. for sth. face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecutioncriminal charges :official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crime claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】a criminal court刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.a civil court 民事法庭children’s court 少年法庭The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】supervise 监督【作证】to testify v.作证 to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of law testify for/against someone testimony 证词proofdefinite proof provide the proofpresent the proofevidence 证据,证物 to identify 鉴别flimsy adj. not very reliable flimsy evidence accurate adj. correct or true in every detail unshakable adj. 不可动摇的 self-contradiction 自相矛盾alibi n. 不在场的证据 someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty 【庭审】question v.questi on/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】to defend sb为…辩护to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n. 【陪审团讨论】the jury 陪审团a grand jury 大陪审团the juror 陪审团成员the jury room 陪审室discuss - discussion 讨论proposal 提议vote 投票abstain v. 弃权vote for/in favor of/againsttake a preliminary vote e.g. I think it’s customary to take a preliminary voteanalyze 分析assume v. 假定ballot n. 无记名投票to argue with 争论agreement 一致意见disagreement 反对意见a reasonable doubtto hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decisiondeclare a hung juryreach a unanimous decisionbe deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪prove innocent/guilty 被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/ not guilty(innocent)trial/ the jury trial 审判a fair trialset free / acquitted 无罪释放admit v. agree that something is true 承认plead guilty to something : say that you areguilty e.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges. 【(五)、处罚--punishment】【场所】reform school 感化院,jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】jail v. to put someone in jail to be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail termbe executedthe executionerto pull the switchto send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted 电刑 to sentence sb. to death give the sentence 施刑get out of jail 【其他】have the right to do 有权 on behalf of 代表draft 法案,草案 Government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律 ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制,合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止,取消 rescission, annulment 废除,取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱) repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 万国公法,国际法 international law 国际法natural law 自然法 labour laws 劳工法 fiscal law 财政法 Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法 Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权 human rights, rights of man 人权 (customs) duties 关税 death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
(完整版)法律学专业英语
(完整版)法律学专业英语法律学专业英语 (完整版)简介本文档旨在介绍法律学专业中使用的英语词汇和表达,以帮助学生更好地理解和运用法律学领域的英语术语。
法律学基础- 法律 (law): 规范社会行为的规则和制度。
- 法律体系 (legal system): 一个国家或地区中的法律规范和相应的机构。
- 法律职业 (legal profession): 从事法律工作的人群,如律师、法官等。
- 法律管辖区域 (jurisdiction): 法律的适用范围和管辖权。
- 法律法规 (legislation): 由立法机关制定的法律规定。
- 司法 (judiciary): 负责解决法律纠纷的机构和程序。
合同法- 合同 (contract): 双方或多方达成的法律协议。
- 条款 (clause): 合同中的具体规定。
- 解除合同 (terminate a contract): 终止合同的关系。
- 违约 (breach of contract): 不履行合同中的义务。
- 诉讼 (litigation): 法律纠纷的裁决过程。
- 裁决 (judgment): 法庭对案件作出的决定。
刑法- 罪行 (crime): 违反法律规定的行为。
- 定罪 (conviction): 法庭裁定有罪。
- 刑罚 (sentence): 法庭对犯罪行为的处罚。
- 谋杀 (murder): 故意杀人的犯罪行为。
- 盗窃 (theft): 非法占有他人财产的犯罪行为。
- 贪污 (bribery): 通过行贿来获取不正当利益的犯罪行为。
市场法- 专利 (patent): 对新发明的独特权利。
- 商标 (trademark): 用于区分某个商品或服务来源的标识。
- 消费者权益 (consumer rights): 保护消费者权益的法律规定。
结束语本文档只是法律学专业英语的简要介绍,希望能为学生们提供一些基础的法律英语表达。
学生可根据具体需要进一步深入研究和了解相关内容。
法律英语重点专业词汇研究
法律英语重点专业词汇研究本文主要研究法律英语中的重点专业词汇。
在法律领域,准确理解和运用专业术语至关重要,因此掌握关键词汇对于法律专业人士至关重要。
1. 法律法规- 法律 (法律英文:law): 一国或地区制定并正式公布、由政府实施的规范人们行为的规则体系。
法律可分为刑法、民法、行政法等。
- 法规 (法律英文:regulation): 政府或其他有权机关颁布的规范性文件,具有行政强制力。
- 条款 (法律英文:article/section/clause): 法律、法规等文件中的具体规定或条目。
2. 诉讼程序和法庭相关术语- 诉讼 (法律英文:litigation): 通过法律程序解决纠纷或争议。
- 原告 (法律英文:plaintiff): 在诉讼中提起诉讼或寻求救济的一方。
- 被告 (法律英文:defendant): 在诉讼中被起诉或被控告的一方。
- 律师 (法律英文:lawyer/attorney): 具有执业资格从事法律服务的专业人士。
- 法庭 (法律英文:court): 由法官主持审理案件的地方。
3. 合同法- 合同 (法律英文:contract): 双方或多方之间为了确定权利和义务而达成的一种协议。
- 当事人 (法律英文:party): 在合同中具有权利和义务的个人或组织。
- 违约 (法律英文:breach): 违反合同规定的行为或不履行合同义务。
- 无效 (法律英文:invalid): 合同不具有法律效力或被认为无效的状态。
4. 知识产权- 版权(法律英文:copyright): 由法律保护的创作作品的独占权。
- 商标 (法律英文:trademark): 用于区分商品或服务来源的特定标识符。
- 专利 (法律英文:patent): 对发明、产品或制造方法等的独占权。
- 侵权 (法律英文:infringement): 未经授权使用他人知识产权的行为。
5. 财务法律- 税务 (法律英文:taxation): 政府根据法律规定对个人和组织征收的财务责任。
法律名词解释整理
法律名词解释整理一、法律名词解释1.法律(law):是指由国家机关制定并强制实施的、用以调整公民行为、维护社会秩序、保障社会利益的规范性文件。
2.法律规定(legal provision):指法律中具体的法条或条款,用于明确规定法律关系和约束公民行为。
3.法律适用(application of law):是指根据具体案件的事实和法律规定,对案件进行合理、公正的解释和裁决。
4.法律责任(legal liability):指违反法律规定而应承担的法律后果和责任,包括民事责任、行政责任和刑事责任。
5.法律效力(legal effect):是指法律具有的强制力和约束力,对公民具有法律约束力,保障公民的权利和义务得到有效实施。
6.合法合规(legitimate and compliant):是指符合法律规定和法律精神的行为和事务,遵守法律的要求,不存在违法行为。
7.法律程序(legal procedure):是指为了保障诉讼参与人的合法权益,按照法律规定的方式和步骤进行的法律行为或法律程序。
8.依法治国(governance according to law):是指国家在行使权力、管理社会、调整利益关系时必须依照法律进行。
9.法理学(jurisprudence):是指对法律本质、基本原则和规范的研究,包括法律哲学、法律社会学等学科。
10.法官(judge):是指经过法律职业培训和考试,担任审判职务的专门人员,负责审理并裁决案件。
二、法律名词解释的重要性法律名词解释在法律领域中具有重要的作用。
首先,它可以帮助公民准确理解法律规定,在行为上做到明确、合规。
其次,通过对法律名词的解释,可以避免因法律术语理解错误而导致的法律风险和纠纷。
此外,在法律实务中,准确解释法律名词也是法官、律师等从事法律工作必备的基本技能。
三、法律名词解释的方法1.定义解释法:即通过对法律名词进行定义,明确其含义和适用范围。
这种方法适用于那些具有明确、普遍接受的定义的法律名词。
法律英语第一课翻译。
法律英语第一课翻译引言法律英语是指在法律领域使用的英语专业术语和表达方式。
随着全球化的推进,法律界对于英语专业人士的需求逐渐增加。
本文将介绍法律英语的基本概念和常用词汇,帮助读者理解和翻译法律文件。
法律英语的基本概念法律英语是法律体系中的一项重要内容,包括法律文件的起草、翻译和解释等。
在法律英语中,准确性和专业性是非常重要的原则。
法律文件的翻译需要注意保持原文意思的准确性,并确保译文符合法律的规定。
常见法律英语词汇下面列举了一些常见的法律英语词汇及其翻译:w - 法律2.Legal - 法律的3.Contract - 合同4.Agreement - 协议5.Plaintiff - 原告6.Defendant - 被告7.Judgment - 判决8.Court - 法院9.Evidence - 证据10.Witness - 证人这些词汇是法律文件中经常出现的,熟悉这些词汇对于正确理解和翻译法律文件至关重要。
法律英语的翻译技巧在翻译法律文件时,以下几点技巧可以帮助提高翻译质量:1.精确无误的翻译法律文件非常重要。
一些术语的错误翻译可能导致法律文件的失效,因此需要对法律术语进行深入理解并保持准确性。
2.翻译法律文件时要注重上下文的理解。
有时直译法律术语可能不合适,需要根据文件的整体内容进行适当的调整和解释。
3.参考专业的法律词典和资料是翻译法律文件的重要工具。
法律词典能够提供准确的翻译和解释,确保翻译的准确性。
4.在翻译过程中,要注意语言的简明扼要。
法律文件通常需要清晰、简洁的表达,避免使用过于复杂或晦涩的词汇。
结论法律英语作为一门专业领域,对于法律文件的翻译具有重要意义。
准确、专业的翻译能够保证法律文件的有效性,并为法律实践提供帮助。
本文介绍了法律英语的基本概念、常见词汇和翻译技巧,希望对读者理解和翻译法律文件有所帮助。
参考文献 - Smith, J. (2010). Legal English: How to Understand and Master the Language of Law. Routledge.。
法律专业类的英语名词解释
法律专业类的英语名词解释在法律领域,英语是一种广泛使用的工具语言。
掌握法律专业类英语名词的准确理解是法律从业人员的基本要求之一。
本文将从不同领域、不同层次的法律专业类英语名词入手,进行解释和探讨。
一、法律制度与法律体系1.1 Common Law(普通法)Common Law是指源于英国法律制度,以司法判例为基础的法律体系。
它与Civil Law(大陆法)不同,后者以法典为主要依据。
在Common Law国家,法官的判决对下级法院具有约束力,逐渐形成了法律的先例。
1.2 Statutory Law(法定法)Statutory Law是指由立法机关制定并正式发布的法律,通常被称为法令或法规。
这些法律通常由国家或地方政府的立法机关颁布,以规范社会行为。
1.3 Constitution(宪法)Constitution指的是一个国家的最高法律文件,规定了国家的基本组织结构、国家机构的职权范围,以及公民的基本权利和义务。
宪法具有最高的法律效力,其他法律都必须符合宪法的规定。
二、民事法律名词解释2.1 Contract(合同)Contract是指两个或多个当事人之间达成的、具有法律效力的协议。
合同约定了各方的权利和义务,规范了他们之间的关系。
合同可以是口头的,也可以是书面的。
2.2 Tort(侵权)Tort指的是对他人身体、财产或名誉等法益造成损害的行为。
侵权行为可以是故意的或过失的,当受害人因侵权行为遭受损失时,可以向法院提起诉讼,要求赔偿损失。
2.3 Injunction(禁令)Injunction指的是法院颁布的一项命令,要求被告采取或停止采取某些行动。
禁令可以是暂时的或永久的,用于阻止违法行为或保护当事人的权益。
三、刑事法律名词解释3.1 Felony(重罪)Felony指的是严重的犯罪行为,如谋杀、强奸、抢劫等。
重罪通常被判处较长的刑期,甚至可能面临死刑。
3.2 Misdemeanor(轻罪)Misdemeanor是指相对较轻的犯罪行为,如盗窃、醉酒驾驶等。
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)一、基本法律词汇1. 法律(Law):国家制定或认可的,用以规范社会成员行为、调整社会关系的规范总称。
2. 法规(Regulation):国家行政机关根据法律制定的具有普遍约束力的规范性文件。
3. 条款(Clause):法律、合同等文件中的具体规定。
4. 判决(Judgment):法院对案件审理后作出的结论性意见。
5. 律师(Lawyer):依法取得执业资格,为社会提供法律服务的专业人员。
6. 诉讼(Lawsuit):当事人依法向法院提起的请求保护自己合法权益的程序。
二、刑法相关词汇1. 犯罪(Crime):违反刑法规定,危害社会,依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。
2. 罪名(Charge):对犯罪嫌疑人指控的具体犯罪名称。
3. 刑罚(Punishment):国家对犯罪分子实行的一种强制措施,包括主刑和附加刑。
4. 刑事责任(Criminal Responsibility):犯罪分子因其犯罪行为所应承担的法律责任。
5. 量刑(Sentencing):法院根据犯罪分子的犯罪事实、情节和悔罪表现,依法决定刑罚的种类和幅度。
三、民法相关词汇1. 合同(Contract):当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。
2. 权利(Right):法律赋予当事人实现某种利益的可能性。
3. 义务(Obligation):当事人依法应承担的责任。
4. 赔偿(Compensation):因侵权行为给他人造成损失,依法应承担的经济补偿责任。
5. 继承(Inheritance):继承人依法取得被继承人遗产的法律制度。
四、商法相关词汇1. 公司(Company):依法设立的,以营利为目的的企业法人。
2. 股东(Shareholder):持有公司股份,享有公司权益和承担公司风险的人。
3. 破产(Bankruptcy):债务人因不能清偿到期债务,经法院宣告破产,对其财产进行清算的法律程序。
4. 票据(Bill):具有一定格式,载明一定金额,由出票人签发,无条件支付给持票人或指定人的有价证券。
法律英语词汇手册
法律英语词汇手册对于法律从业者和研究法律的学生来说,掌握法律英语词汇是非常重要的。
随着全球化的推进,法律领域的国际交流变得越来越频繁,因此理解和运用法律英语词汇已经成为法律人士必备的能力之一。
本篇文章将为您提供一个法律英语词汇手册,帮助您更好地掌握法律英语词汇。
以下是一些常见的法律英语词汇及其解释:1. Jurisdiction(管辖权):指法院对某一案件或法律问题的审理权力。
根据不同的法律制度和条款,不同的法院可以拥有不同的管辖权。
2. Plaintiff(原告):在诉讼过程中提起诉讼并要求赔偿的一方。
3. Defendant(被告):在诉讼过程中被起诉的一方。
4. Evidence(证据):用于支持或反驳某种主张的材料或信息。
5. Contract(合同):一种法律文件,用于明确和规范双方之间的权益和义务。
6. Tort(侵权行为):指通过不当行为侵犯他人权益的行为,包括但不限于人身伤害和财产损失等。
7. Breach of contract(违约):当一方未能履行合同中的某一条款或条款时,就构成了合同的违约。
8. Intellectual property(知识产权):指人们的智力成果所享有的法律保护,包括专利、商标、版权和商业秘密等。
9. Negligence(过失):指因为疏忽或不注意而造成他人受损的行为。
10. Bail(保释):在诉讼过程中,被告在审判前被释放出庭的措施。
11. Jurisprudence(法学):对法律原则和规则的研究和解释。
12. Statute(法令):由立法机关通过的正式的法律文件。
13. Precedent(先例):指法院在判决案件时参考的先前类似案例,用于指导判决。
14. Arbitration(仲裁):通过独立的仲裁员对争议进行调解和解决。
15. Litigation(诉讼):通过法律程序解决争议或争端。
以上仅是法律英语词汇手册中的一小部分内容,希望对您有所帮助。
法律英语名词解释
Constitution宪法public law 公法private law 私法common law 普通法civil law 罗马法, 大陆法; 民法case law 判例法statutory law 制定法equity law 衡平法Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例writ 令状writ upon the case 本案令状court of chancery 衡平法院injunction 强制令binding interpretation 具有约束力的法律解释civil suit 民事诉讼action 法律诉讼,诉讼行为the Bar 律师业,司法界barrister 诉讼律师, 大律师, 出庭律师solicitor 非诉律师, 诉状律师, 事务律师advocacy 出廷辩护,代理诉讼single practitioner 单独开业者house counsel 专职法律顾问public prosecutors 公诉人,检察官attorney 律师;检察官Attorney General 司法部长;检察总长Chief Justice 首席大法官litigation 诉讼litigant 诉讼当事人Juris Doctor (JD) 法律博士Master of Laws (LLM) 法学硕士Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) 法学博士curriculum 课程required course 必修课elective course 选修课the case method 案例教学法the Socratic method 苏格拉底式教学法old boy networks 老哥们关系网the modern regulatory nation 现代规制国家Federal Court System 联邦法院系统: The Supreme Court 最高法院Courts of Appeals上诉法院District Courts地区法院Special Courts特别法院Three-tiered model 三级(审判)体制:trial court (审判法院;初审法院)appellate court , court of appeals(上诉法院)supreme court 最高法院Litigant 诉讼当事人capital punishment死刑writ of certiorari调案调卷令be on the bench担任法官career judiciary职业法官popular vote普选gross misconduct严重的过失行为doctrine of constitutional supremacy宪法至上原则malfeasance 渎职行为judicial interpretation 司法解释judicial review 司法审查constitutionality 合宪性impeachment 弹劾associate justice 陪审大法官administrative law 行政法agency action 行政行为adjudication 裁定;裁决sub-constitutional 准宪法性;亚宪法性statutory law 制定法Formal adjudication 正式裁决Informal adjudication 非正式裁决Formal rulemaking 正式规章制定Informal rulemaking 非正式规章制定Criminal Law 刑法Model Penal Code 标准刑法典Criminal liability刑事责任Capital punishment 死刑Insanity defense 精神不正常辩护Homicide 杀人罪Self-defense 自卫;正当防卫forcible felony暴力性重罪gross negligence严重过失criminal homicide 有罪杀人Malice恶意Murder谋杀Death penalty死刑Felony重罪co-felons重罪共犯first degree murder一级谋杀罪manslaughter非恶意杀人;非预谋杀人criminal sanction刑事惩罚conviction rate定罪率acquittal 宣告无罪gross negligence严重过失reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人negligent homicide过失杀人civil rights law 民权法invidious discrimination 嫉恨式歧视Magistrate治安法官;司法官summary judgment motion即决审判动议cause of action诉因Contract Law合同法Agreement-in-fact事实协议Agreement-as-written书面协议Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典Offer要约Acceptance承诺Consideration对价Contract performance合同履行Tangible property有形财产Intangible property无形财产Conveyance of property财产权的转让Primary authority首要法源Secondary authority次要法源Tax evasion逃税Restatements of the Law法律重述汇编Stare decisis遵从前例Tort Law 侵权法intentional tort故意侵权negligence or negligent tort过失侵权contingent fee 成功酬金tortfeasor 侵权人intangible damage 无形损害conversion of propertyfalse imprisonment 非法拘禁defamation 诽谤invasion of privacy侵犯隐私products liability 产品责任duty of care照看义务contributory negligence 共同过失comparative negligence 比较过失strict Liability 严格责任medical malpractice 医务渎职property law 财产法tangible property 有形财产intangible property无形财产security transaction 担保交易deficiency judgment不足额判决foreclosure 取消赎回权mortgage holder 抵押权人secondary financing 间接融资Corporation Law公司法individual proprietorships个体业主partnerships 合伙Uniform Partnership Act统一合伙条例Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例Blue Sky Laws 蓝天法Federal Antitrust Laws 联邦反托拉斯法separate legal entities 独立法人实体general partnerships 一般合伙Limited partnerships 有限合伙publicly held corporations公众持股公司close corporations 内部持股公司Insurance Law保险法group insurance 团体保险insurance policy 保险单accident insurance 意外保险liability insurance 责任保险insurance proceeds 保险收益buy-out agreement (股权)承买协议premium 保险费stock retirement plan 赎股计划Commercial Law商法The Uniform Commercial Code 统一商法典commerce clause 商业条款complete grant of power 完全授权commerce power 商务权力Modern Commerce Power Tests现代商务权力检验标准Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine 现代授权原则rulemaking 规章制定due process 正当程序。
有关法学的名词解释英语
有关法学的名词解释英语近年来,随着国际交流的不断加强,法学作为一门学科也逐渐受到了广泛的关注。
学习法学的过程中,我们经常会遇到一些专业术语,尤其是在英文文献中。
为了帮助大家更好地理解这些术语,本文将对一些常见的法学名词进行解释。
1. Law法律Law是法学中最基本、最核心的概念之一。
它指的是由国家或社会制定和执行的一套规则,用于维护社会秩序、保护权益,以及调整人们在社会中的行为。
2. Legal法定的Legal是指符合法律规定、合法的。
在法律层面上,合乎法律规定的行为被称为legal action,而不合法的行为则被称为illegal action。
3. Constitution宪法Constitution是指一个国家或组织的最高法律文件,它规定了政府组织结构、公民权利和义务,以及政府与公民之间的关系。
宪法通常具有最高的法律权威,其他法律必须符合宪法的规定。
4. Contract合同Contract是指双方或多方在法律上达成的一种协议,约定了各方的权利和义务。
合同是法律上诉诸的一种重要形式,用于规范商业和个人之间的关系。
5. Tort民事侵权行为Tort是指一种违反法律规定,给他人造成损害的行为。
民事侵权行为是指以疏忽、过失或意图为基础,对个人财产或人身安全造成损害的行为,如肇事车辆驾驶员的责任、医疗事故等。
6. Criminal刑事犯罪的Criminal是指犯罪行为或与犯罪有关的事物。
刑事犯罪是指违反刑法规定,触犯国家法律的行为。
常见的刑事犯罪包括盗窃、杀人、贩毒等。
7. Evidence证据Evidence是指用于证明一个事实或支持一个主张的信息或物品。
在法律中,证据是决定案件真相和法律责任的重要依据。
证据可以是文件、录音、视频、证人证言等。
8. Procedure程序Procedure是指在法律程序中遵循的特定步骤和规则。
法律程序确保了公正和平等的司法处理,包括立案、审理、判决等环节。
9. Jurisdiction司法管辖权Jurisdiction是指法院、法官或其他司法机关在特定领域或特定案件中行使权力的范围。
法律英语名词解释
A:1 acquittal 宣告无罪The legal certification ,usu. by jury verdict that an accused person is not guilty of the charged offense.2.authority 法源A legal writing taken as definitive or decisive, esp. a judicial or administrative decision cited asa precedent.3 ALI american law institute 美国法学会An organization of lawyers ,judges,and legal scholars who promote aonsistency and sincplification of american law by publishing restatement ,as well as promoting continuing legal education.4, .article of incorporation公司章程A document that set forth the basic terms of a corporation's existence, including the number and classes of shares and the purposes and durations of the corporation.C:1.criminal law 刑法The body of law defining offenses against the community at large regulating how suspects are investigated, charged and tried and establishing punishment for convicted offenders.2.crime 犯罪A social harm that the law makes punishable , the breach of a legal duty treated as the subject-matter of a criminal proceeding.3.criminal procedure 刑事诉讼程序The rules governing the mechanisms under which crimes are investigated, prosecuted,adjudicated, and punishment.4.civil rights 民权The individual rights of personal liberty by bill of rights and 13th, 14th, 15th and 19th amendment, as well as by legislation such as the voting right act.5.civil-rights act 民权法案One of several federal statutes enacted after the civil war and much later during and after civil-rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s, and intended to implement and give further force to the basic rights guaranteed by constitution and esp. prohibiting discrimination in employment, and education on the basis of race, sex, religion, color or rage.6.civil action 民事诉讼An action brought to enforce redress or protect a private or civil rights, a non-criminal litigation.7.contract合同An agreement between two or more parties creating obligations that are enforceble or otherwise recognizable at law.munity property共同财产权Property owned in common by husband and wife as a result of its having been acquired the marriage by means other than an inheritance or a gift to one spouse ,each spouse holding a one-half interests in the property.9.corporation公司An entity having authority under law to act as a single person distinct from the shareholders whoown it and having rights to issue stock and exist indefinitelyD:1.damages 损害赔偿金Money claimed by, or ordered to be paid to ,a person as compensation tor loss or injury.2.duty of care 注意义务In torts, it also termed duty ,a legal relationship arising from a standard of care ,the violation of which subjects the actor to liability.3.doctrine of resipsa loquacious不言自明原则The doctrine providing that in some circumstance ,the mere acts of an accidents occurrence raises an inference of negligencr so as to establish a prime facie case.4.director 董事长A person appointed or elected to sit on a board that manages that affairs of a corporation or company by electing and erercising control over its officers.E:1.EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 平等工作机会委员会A federal agency created under civil rights act of 1964 to the end discrimination employment practice and to promote nondiscriminatory employment programs.2.easement 通行权地役权An interest in land owned by another person ,consisting in the right to use or contral the land ,or an area above or below it, for a specific limited purpose.F:1.fraud 欺诈Unconscionable dealing esp. in contract law, the unconsciontious use of the power arising out of the parties relative positions and resulting in an unconscionable bargain.2.foreclosure 丧失赎回权A legal proceeding to terminate a mortgagor's interest in property ,instituted by the lender ,either to gain titleor to force a sale in order to satisfy the unpaid debt secured by the property.3.federal antitrust act 联邦反托拉斯法The body of law designed to protect trade and commence from restrains, monopolie price-fixing and price discrimination.4.frustration 合同落空The doctrine that if the entire performance of a contract becomes fundamentally changed without any fault by either party ,the contract is considered terminated force.I:1.insanity defense 以精神病作辩护An affirmative defense alleging that a mental disorder caused to commit the crime2.imprisonment 监禁incarcerationThe act of confining a person esp. in a prison. the act or process of confining someone .J:1.jury 陪审团A group of persons selected according to law and given the power to decide questions of act and return a verdict in the case submitted to them.2.joint-venture corporation 合营公司A corporation that has joined with one or more individuals or corporation to accomplish more specified project.M,N,O:.manslaughter 非预谋杀人过失杀人The unlawful killing of human being without malice and aforethought.mistake 重大误解The situation in which the parties to a contract did not mean thing or when one or both ,while meaning the same thing ,formed untrue conclusions about the subject matter of the contract as a result of which the contract may be rendered void.misrepresentation 虚假陈述The act of making a false or misleading statement about sth. usu. with the intend to deceive. mislaid property错置财产Property that has been voluntarily relinquished by the owner with an intend to recover it later but that cannot now be found.nuisance 妨害行为A condition or situation that interferes with the use or enjoyment of property liability might or might not arise from the condition or situation.ordinance 法令An authoritative law or decree ,esp. a municipal regulation .municipal governments can pass ordinances on matters that the state governments allows to be regulated at the local level. ownership所有权The cllection of rights allowing one to use ,possess and enjoy property ,including the rights to convey it to others .S:self-defense 正当防卫The use of force to protect oneself ,one's family, or one's property from a real or threatened attack .generally speaking a person is justified in using a reasonable amount of force in self-defense if he or she believe that the danger or bodily harm.sanction 制裁punishmentA penallty or coercive measure that results from failure to comply with a law ,rule, or order. sentence宣判The judgement that a court formally pronounces after finding a criminal defendant guilty the punishment imposed on a criminal wrongdoer.summary judgement 简易审判A judgement granted on a claim about which there is no genuine issue of material fact and uponwhich the moion is entitled to prevail as a matter of law.secondary authority 次要法源Authority that explain the law but does not itself establish it, such as a treatise, annotation or law-view article.stare decisis遵循先例原则Latin to standby things decided the doctrine of precedent,under which it is necessary for a count to follow earlier judicial decision when the same points arise again in litigation.subsidiary corporation 子公司A corporation in which a parent corporation has a controlling share.shell corporation 空壳公司A corporation that has no active business and usu. exists only in name as a vehicle for another company's business operations.shareholder 股东One who owns or holds a share in a company, esp. a corporation. also termed share owner or stock holder.security 证券An instrument that evidences the holders ownership rights in a firm,the holder's creditor relationship with a firm or government or the other rights.security and exchange commission证券交易委员会The federal agency the regulates the issuance and trading of securities in an effort to protect investor against fraudulent or unfair practices.security exchange act of 1934证券交易条例The federal law regulating the public trading of securities,which provides for the registration and supervision of securities exchanges and brokers and regulates proxy solicitations.P:provocation 挑衅刺激Something that arouses anger or animoity in another that person to respond in the heat of passion.primary authority 首要法源Authority that issues directly from a law making body, legisation and the reports of litegated cases.persuasive authority 劝导性法源Authority that carries some weight but is not binding on a court .pledge 保证,抵押A bailment or other deposit of personal property to a creditor as security for a debt or obligation. parent corporation母公司A corporation that has a controlling interest in another corporation usu. through ownership of more than one-half the voting stock .partnership合伙企业A voluntary association of two or more persons who joinly own and carry on a business for profit.quantum meruit 无合同约定时的合理给付The reasonable value of services damages awarded in an amount ,considerded reasonable tocompensate a person who has rendered services in a quasi-contractual relationship.R:restatement重述One of several influential treatises, published by american law institute ,describing the law in a given area and guiding its development.remedy 救济The means of enforcing a right or preventing or readdressing a wrong legal or equitable relief. real property 不动产Land and anything growing on ,attached to or erect on it ,excluding anything that may be severed without injury to the land .T:.tort 侵权A civil wrong for which a remedy may be obtained ,usu. in the form of damages,a breach of duty that the law impose on everyone in the same relation to one another as those involved in a given transaction.tortfeasor 侵权行为者One who commits a tort ,a wrongdoerU:.UCC:uniform commercial code 统一商法典A uniform law that grovens commercial transaction ,including sales of goods ,secured transaction ,and negotiable instrument.uniform partnership act 统一合伙条例A model code promulgated in 1914 to bring uniformity to state laws governing general and limited partnerships.warranty担保A covenant by which the grantor in deed promises to secure to the grantee the estate conveyed in the deed ,and pledges to compensate the grantee with other land if the grantee is evicted by someone having better title .。
法律常用术语分类中英对照
法律常用术语【(一)、法令】◆rule 条例◆law 法律◆criminal law 刑法◆interpret 解释(法律)◆the legislature 立法机构◆the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】◆the judge 法官◆the lawyer律师(总称)◆the jury陪审团◆the juror陪审团成员◆the prosecutor(刑事案件)原告人;检察官,公诉人;◆the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人◆the injured party/victim 被害人◆witness/eyewitness 见证人,目击者◆the prosecution 原告及其代理律师;代表原告的律师◆the accused/defendant 被告人◆the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【(三)、违法】【案件种类】◆case 案件◆crime - criminal adj.◆a criminal case 刑事案件◆a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】◆guilt n. [Antonym] innocenceguilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crimeviolate a criminal law◆murder 谋杀罪first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪;故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪;过失杀人罪◆forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪◆criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal :one who has been judged guilty in a court of lawa hardened criminal :someone who has committed many crimes◆stab v. 用刀具行凶,捅,刺to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀◆mug v. =rob抢劫to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions【(四)、程序】【逮捕】◆arrest◆pick up :to arrest someone and take them away in a car【调查】◆investigationconduct a criminal investigation into◆criminal proceedings :the process of examining a crime in a courtof law◆cross-examination【诉讼】◆find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide thatthey are guilty/not guilty◆to be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crime◆charge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.◆prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecution◆criminal charges :official statements saying that sb is accusedby the police of committing a crime◆claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】◆a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.◆a civil court 民事法庭◆children’s court 少年法庭◆The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】◆supervise监督【作证】◆to testify v.作证to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony证词◆proofdefinite proofprovide the proofpresent the proof◆evidence 证据,证物to identify 鉴别◆flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可动摇的self-contradiction 自相矛盾◆alibi n. 不在场的证据someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty【庭审】◆question v.◆question/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】◆to defend sb 为…辩护◆to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n.【陪审团讨论】◆the jury陪审团◆a grand jury 大陪审团◆the juror陪审团成员◆the jury room 陪审室◆discuss - discussion讨论◆proposal 提议◆vote 投票◆abstain v. 弃权◆vote for/in favor of/against◆take a preliminary votee.g. I think i t’s customary to take a preliminary vote◆analyze 分析◆assume v. 假定◆ballot n. 无记名投票◆to argue with 争论◆agreement 一致意见◆disagreement 反对意见◆a reasonable doubt◆to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimousdecision◆declare a hung jury◆reach a unanimous decision◆be deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪◆prove innocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪【审判】◆guilty/ not guilty(innocent)◆trial/ the jury trial审判◆a fair trial◆set free / acquitted 无罪释放◆admit v. agree that something is true 承认◆plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【(五)、处罚--punishment】【场所】◆reform school 感化院,◆jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】◆jail v. to put someone in jailto be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail term◆be executedthe executionerto pull the switch◆to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /tosentence sb. to be electrocuted电刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑◆get out of jail【其他】◆have the right to do 有权◆on behalf of 代表draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
法律英语名词
法律英语名词Statutory laws 成文法Choice of law 法律选择Multi-jurisdiction dispute 涉及多辖区的管辖Substantive rights实质性权利Trial courts初审法院Impartial arbiters 公平的裁判员Impeachment and conviction 弹劾与定罪Stare decisis (拉丁) 因循前例,遵循先例The adversary system 抗辩制Inquisitorial system 纠问制Furnish a relief 提供救济Jurisdiction over the subject matter 对事管辖权Jurisdiction over the parties 对人管辖权Substantial justice实体公正File a lawsuit 提起诉讼Affirmative defense 积极抗辩Default judgment 缺席判决Legal sufficiency 法律的充分性Pre-trial discovery 庭前取证Summary judgment简易判决,即决判决Peremptory challenges 绝对异议权A directed verdict 指令裁定(法官指令陪审团做出的裁定)Jury instructions (法官)对陪审团的指导Proposed instructionsA preponderance of the evidence 占优势的证据A judgment notwithstand ing the verdict (a judgment n.o.v.) 法官推翻陪审团裁定的判决Appeal bond 上诉担保书Personal property 动产Execution ,garnishment and attachment proceedings (执行、留置、扣押) Meeting of the minds 合议Legal capacity 法定资格,法定身份Consideration 对价Performance 履行Counterpro mise 反承诺Fraud,misrepresentation,duress 欺诈,误述,胁迫Illegality 非法Unconscionability 不公正Public policy 公序良俗Unjust enrichment 不当得利substantial performance 实质履行,基本履行defective performance 不当履行waiver 弃权estoppels 禁止反言Force majeure 不可抗力commercial frustrationmutual rescission 相互解约delayed performance 迟延履行anticipatory repudiation 先期违约a partial breachnominal damages 名义上的赔偿,象征性的赔偿Liquidated damages clause 违约金条款specific performance实际履行,依约履行quasi-contract 准契约third party beneficiary contract 以第三方为受益人的合同donee beneficiary 接受馈赠受益人creditor beneficiary 接受债权受益人assignment and delegation 让与(权利)与转让(义务)Statutory laws 成文法Peremptory challenges 绝对异议权A directed verdict 指令裁定(法官指令陪审团做出的裁定)Jury instructions (法官)对陪审团的指导Proposed instructions A preponderance of the evidence 占优势的证据A judgment notwithstanding the verdict (a judgment n.o.v.) 法官推翻陪审团裁定的判决Appeal bond 上诉担保书Personal property 动产Execution ,garnishment and attachment proceedings (执行、留置、扣押) Meeting of the minds 合议Legal capacity 法定资格,法定身份Consideration 对价mutual rescission 相互解约delayed performance延迟履行anticipatory repudiation 先期违约a partial breach nominal damages 名义上的赔偿,象征性的赔偿Liquidated damages clause 违约金条款specific performance实际履行,依约履行quasi-contract 准契约third party beneficiary contract 以第三方为受益人的合同donee beneficiary 接受馈赠受益人creditor beneficiary 接受债权受益人assignment and delegation 让与(权利)与转让(义务)Choice of law 法律选择Multi-jurisdiction dispute 涉及多辖区的管辖Substantive rights实质性权利Trial courts初审法院Performance 履行Counterpromise 反承诺Fraud,misrepresentation,duress 欺诈,误述,胁迫 Illegality 非法Unconscionability 不公正Public policy 公序良俗Unjust enrichment 不当得利substantial performance 实质履行,基本履行defective performance 不当履行wa iver 弃权estoppels 禁止反言Force majeure 不可抗力commercial frustrationImpartial arbiters 公平的裁判员Impeachment and conviction 弹劾与定罪Stare decisis (拉丁) 因循前例,遵循先例The adversary system 抗辩制Inquisitorial system 纠问制Furnish a relief 提供救济Jurisdiction over the subject matter 对事管辖权Jurisdiction over the parties 对人管辖权Substantial justice实体公正File a lawsuit 提起诉讼Affirmative defense 积极抗辩Default judgment 缺席判决Legal sufficiency 法律的充分性Pre-trial discovery 庭前取证Summary judgment简易判决,即决判决。
法律英语整理
法律英语一.名词解释1.【civil law system】the civil law countries have codified their law so that the main source of law in those countries is to be found in the statutes rather than in the cases. 大陆法系2.【common law system】under the common law system, however, statute as well as cases are sources of law. 英美法系3.【constitutional law】is an expression of how people want to live as individuals within an organized society. 宪法4.【separate the power】of the government among the three governmental among the three governmental branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. 三权分立5.【judicial review】judicial control was not limited to the review of state law for its constitutionality. It extended to examination and review of federal laws as well. 司法复审6.【preemption doctrine】are considered to have such a notional character that federal laws must supercede state law with regard to them, if a state law conflicts with a valid federal law, the court will invalidate the state law because it is preempted by a comparable federal law. 抢先原则7.【abstention doctrine】under which federal courts relinquish jurisdiction in certain circumstances in order to avoid needless friction with the administration of the state affairs. 回避原则8.【due process of law】is thought to mean that any law that potentially can deprive one of life, liberty or property should contain certain basic procedures to assure fairness. 正当法律程序9.【a contract】is a manifestation of the mutual assent of the parties. 合同10.【implied-in-fact】when the parties manifest their agreement by conduct rather than by words, it’s said to be implied-in-fact. 事实默示11.【implied-in-law contracts】are quasi-contracts, because the obligation is created by law in absence of agreement, to prevent unjust enrichment. 法律默示12.【waiver】has been define as the passing by of an occasion to enforce a legal right, whereby the legal right is lost. 弃权13.【force majeure】are events which are beyond the control of the parties. 不可抗力14.【anticipatory repudiation】which repudiate the contract before performance is due. 先期违约二.中译英1. 在联邦制的架构中,每个州都有实质性的自主权,有自己的宪法、自己的立法机构制定的法律,以及自己的法院作出的判例法。
法律英语名词
法律英语名词Aassumption假定attempt意图,企图attemptedescape逃脱未遂attestation证词attorney代理人,律师attorneyatlaw律师attorneygeneral检察长authentication鉴定authority权力,法源,权威性依据automobileinsurance机动车保险automobiletort机动车侵权行为autonomy自治(权)Bban禁令,禁止banishment流放bankruptcy破产bankruptcydischarge破产债务解除bankruptcyjudge破产法官bar律师职业barassociation律师协会barrister出庭律师battery殴打benchtrial法官审beneficiary受益人benefit收益,福得bigamy重婚罪billoflading提单billofright《人权法案》bindover具保,具结binder临时保险单binding有约束力bindingcontract有约束力的`合同bindingforce约束力bindinginterpretation有约束力的解释black-letterlaw(普通接受之基本原则的)黑体字法blacknationbarassociation全美黑人律师协会blueskylaw蓝天法(关于股票买卖控制的法律)BoardofGovernors(ABA)(美国律师协会的)董事会bodyoflaw法体bond债券;保释金bondinstrument债券契据branding鞭笞breach违约;破坏bride贿赂bribery贿赂(罪)bright-linetest明显界限检验标准broker中间人brokeragefee佣金;中介费brother-sistercorporation兄弟公司;姊妹公司BulkSalesAct《大宗销售条例》burden责任burdenofgoingforwardwiththeevidence先行举证责任burdenofpersuasion说服责任;证明责任burdenofproducingevidence举证责任burdenofproof证明责任burglary入室盗窃(罪)businesscorporation实业公司businesslaw实业法businessorganization实业组织buy-outagreement(股权)承买协议buy-sellagreement(股权)买卖协议bylaws(内部)章程CCaliforniaPenalCode《加州刑法典》capitalaccount资本帐户capitalcrime可判死刑罪capitalpunishment死刑capitalsurplus资本盈余capitationtax人头税careercriminal职业罪犯careerjudiciary职业法官casebriefing案情摘要case-in-chief主诉caselaw判例法casemethod案例教学法casereport判决报告casereports判例汇编casualtyinsurance(意外伤害)保险catalog商品目录(单)certificate证书certificateofexistence实体存在证明(书)challenge置疑;挑战challengeforcause有理回避chancerycourt衡平法院charginginstrument控告文件checksandbalances制衡(原则)chiefjudge首席法官chiefjustice首席大法官childabuse虐待儿童circuitcourt巡回法院circuitjudge巡回法官circumstantialevidence旁证;情况证据citation引证cite援引;传讯civilcourt民事法civilforfeiture民事罚没civillaw民法CivilLawLegalSystem民法体系civilliability民事责任civilLiberty民事自由civilLitigation民事诉讼civilprocedure民事诉讼程序civilsuit民事诉讼Civiltrial民事审判Civilright民权Civilrightlaw民权法CivilWarIncomeTaxAct《内战所得税条例》Claim诉讼请求,索赔Classificationoflaw法律分类Closecorporation内部持股公司Closelyheldcorporation内部持股公司Closing终结,成交,结帐Closingargument最后论述Closingstatement成交声明Code法典CodeofJudicialConduct《法官行为准则》Codify编成法典Co-felon共同重罪犯Cohabitation同居Collateralcontract附属合同Collegiatebench合议席Collegiatepanel合议庭Commercialclause商务条款,贸易条款Commerciallaw商法Commercialpaper商务文件Commission佣金Commit交托,犯(罪)。
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Constitution宪法
public law 公法
private law 私法
common law 普通法
civil law 罗马法, 大陆法; 民法
case law 判例法
statutory law 制定法
equity law 衡平法
Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例
writ 令状
writ upon the case 本案令状
court of chancery 衡平法院
injunction 强制令
binding interpretation 具有约束力的法律解释civil suit 民事诉讼
action 法律诉讼,诉讼行为
the Bar 律师业,司法界
barrister 诉讼律师, 大律师, 出庭律师solicitor 非诉律师, 诉状律师, 事务律师advocacy 出廷辩护,代理诉讼
single practitioner 单独开业者
house counsel 专职法律顾问
public prosecutors 公诉人,检察官attorney 律师;检察官
Attorney General 司法部长;检察总长
Chief Justice 首席大法官
litigation 诉讼
litigant 诉讼当事人
Juris Doctor (JD) 法律博士
Master of Laws (LLM) 法学硕士
Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD) 法学博士
curriculum 课程
required course 必修课
elective course 选修课
the case method 案例教学法
the Socratic method 苏格拉底式教学法
old boy networks 老哥们关系网
the modern regulatory nation 现代规制国家
Federal Court System 联邦法院系统: The Supreme Court 最高法院Courts of Appeals上诉法院District Courts地区法院Special Courts特别法院
Three-tiered model 三级(审判)体制:trial court (审判法院;初审法院)appellate court , court of appeals(上诉法院)supreme court 最高法院
Litigant 诉讼当事人
capital punishment死刑
writ of certiorari调案调卷令
be on the bench担任法官
career judiciary职业法官
popular vote普选
gross misconduct严重的过失行为
doctrine of constitutional supremacy
宪法至上原则
malfeasance 渎职行为
judicial interpretation 司法解释judicial review 司法审查constitutionality 合宪性impeachment 弹劾
associate justice 陪审大法官administrative law 行政法
agency action 行政行为
adjudication 裁定;裁决
sub-constitutional 准宪法性;亚宪法性statutory law 制定法
Formal adjudication 正式裁决Informal adjudication 非正式裁决Formal rulemaking 正式规章制定Informal rulemaking 非正式规章制定Criminal Law 刑法
Model Penal Code 标准刑法典Criminal liability刑事责任
Capital punishment 死刑
Insanity defense 精神不正常辩护Homicide 杀人罪
Self-defense 自卫;正当防卫
forcible felony暴力性重罪
gross negligence严重过失
criminal homicide 有罪杀人
Malice恶意
Murder谋杀
Death penalty死刑
Felony重罪
co-felons重罪共犯
first degree murder一级谋杀罪manslaughter非恶意杀人;非预谋杀人criminal sanction刑事惩罚
conviction rate定罪率
acquittal 宣告无罪
gross negligence严重过失
reckless homicide疏忽大意杀人negligent homicide过失杀人
civil rights law 民权法
invidious discrimination 嫉恨式歧视Magistrate治安法官;司法官summary judgment motion即决审判动议cause of action诉因
Contract Law合同法
Agreement-in-fact事实协议Agreement-as-written书面协议Uniform Commercial Code统一商法典Offer要约
Acceptance承诺
Consideration对价
Contract performance合同履行Tangible property有形财产Intangible property无形财产Conveyance of property财产权的转让Primary authority首要法源Secondary authority次要法源
Tax evasion逃税
Restatements of the Law法律重述汇编Stare decisis遵从前例
Tort Law 侵权法
intentional tort故意侵权
negligence or negligent tort
过失侵权
contingent fee 成功酬金
tortfeasor 侵权人
intangible damage 无形损害conversion of property
false imprisonment 非法拘禁defamation 诽谤
invasion of privacy侵犯隐私products liability 产品责任
duty of care照看义务
contributory negligence 共同过失comparative negligence 比较过失
strict Liability 严格责任
medical malpractice 医务渎职
property law 财产法
tangible property 有形财产
intangible property无形财产
security transaction 担保交易
deficiency judgment不足额判决
foreclosure 取消赎回权
mortgage holder 抵押权人
secondary financing 间接融资
Corporation Law公司法
individual proprietorships个体业主
partnerships 合伙
Uniform Partnership Act统一合伙条例
Model Business Corporation Acts标准商务公司条例Securities Exchange Act证券交易条例
Blue Sky Laws 蓝天法
Federal Antitrust Laws 联邦反托拉斯法
separate legal entities 独立法人实体
general partnerships 一般合伙
Limited partnerships 有限合伙
publicly held corporations公众持股公司
close corporations 内部持股公司
Insurance Law保险法
group insurance 团体保险
insurance policy 保险单
accident insurance 意外保险
liability insurance 责任保险
insurance proceeds 保险收益
buy-out agreement (股权)承买协议premium 保险费
stock retirement plan 赎股计划Commercial Law商法
The Uniform Commercial Code 统一商法典commerce clause 商业条款
complete grant of power 完全授权commerce power 商务权力
Modern Commerce Power Tests
现代商务权力检验标准
Modern Delegation of Power Doctrine
现代授权原则
rulemaking 规章制定
due process 正当程序
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