医学文献阅读笔记 英文
临床医学医学英语笔记+高口笔记-打印版
English for Medical Purposes哪些是好的中文句子？他是一个好的跑者。
他善于跑步。
他跑得快。
He is a good runner.中文多用动词英文多用名词温泉里洗个澡，电影院里看场电影，一天很快就过去了。
A bath in the hot spring and a film at the cinema finished the day quickly.He took a bath in the hot spring and saw a film at the cinema. In this way, he passed the day quickly.医学英、汉语表达思维差异：异物（foreign body）伤及晶状体（lens）或过多接触高温会引发白内障（cataract）形成。
Foreign body injury to the lens or their overexposure to heat will initiate cataract formation异国情调的中文He was a clever man, a pleasant companion and a careless student.他是一个聪明的男人，一个愉快的伙伴，一个粗心的学生。
他聪明，好相处，就是读书马马虎虎。
二十世纪初，跨西伯利亚铁路竣工。
为了开发这片土地，一时冲动之下，数百万人像潮水般涌来，在城镇和乡村定居。
这种情况一直延续到第一次世界大战爆发。
近年来，移民回流已成定局。
The inflow of millions of settlers to the land and town, resulting from the impulse, given to opening up of the country by the completion of the Trans-Siberian railway by the beginning of the twentieth century and which continued to the outbreak of World War I, now shows a steady reverse trend in the recent years.励志小句If you are heading in the right direction, each step, no matter how small, is getting you closer to your goal!cutting-edge technology 前沿技术，尖端技术human upper extremity人体上肢nerve reattachment神经再附着术blood vessel reanastomosis血管吻合术gen:产生、生殖genetics [dʒi'netiks] n.遗传学gen + tics︱︱生→发生学gene 基因genesis ['dʒenisis] n.起源gloss舌aglossia n.[医]无舌症a + gloss + ia︱︱︱无舌名词后缀glossitis [gl ‘saitis] n.舌炎hypoglossal [haipәu‘gl si]n.[解]舌下神经paraglossa [pærә‘gl sә] n.副舌holo:全holoblastic [ h lәu'blæstik] adj.[生]全裂的(指某些有少卵黄的卵细胞)holo + phot︱︱全光holocrine [‘h lәukrin] adj.[生理] 全浆分泌的holocrystalline [h lәu'kristәlain] adj. 全晶的hydr（o）:水hydrocehalus n. 脑积水hydro + cephal + us︱︱︱水头名词后缀hydragogue [`haidrәg g] n.利尿剂, 水泻剂adj.利尿的hydropathy [hai‘dr pә i] n.水疗法hydrophobia ['haidrәu'fәubjә] n.狂犬病, 恐水病Unit 9Para. 1low-back pain 腰背痛、成人腰痛the catalogue of life’s certainties一个人一生中有些事情是确定无疑的。
医学英语文献阅读单词
Unit One1. neuron 神经2. office visit(诊所)就诊3. scan 扫描4. medical practice 行医5. blood pressure 血压6. maintenance(健康)保持7. mammogram 乳房Ｘ线8. physical 身体9. side effect 副作用10. panic 恐慌11. practicing 执业12. transplant 移植13. budget 预算14. tablet 药片15. childproof 防孩子16. randomized 随机17. allocation(随机)分配18. prognosis 预后19. control 对照20. follow-up 跟踪21. ward 病房22. hepatitis 肝炎23. malaise 身体不适24. metabolism 代谢25. liver 肝26.pathophysiology 病理生理27. literature 文献28. investigation 调查29. incidence 率30. epidemiology 流行病学31. bed rest 卧床休息32. hospital stay 住院33. jaundice 黄疸34. course 病程35. intravenous 静脉注射36. diastolic 舒张37. perfusion 灌注38. primary 初级39. bypass(冠脉)旁路40. informed 知情41. humanitarian 人道主义42. the Red Cross 红十字会43. relief 援助44. casualty 人员伤亡45. emergency 紧急Unit Two1. re-emerging 再现2. strain 变种3. vaccine 疫苗4. infectious 传染性的5. emerging 新出现6. prevention 预防7. plague 鼠疫8. pathogenic 病原的9. authorities 机构10. drug resistanc 抗药性11. course 疗程12. scarlet fever 猩红热13. virulence 毒性14. pandemic 大流行15. antigen 抗原16. genetic 基因的17. neurological 神经性18. immunity 免疫力19. infrastructure 基础设施20. case 病例21. swine 猪22. tuberculosis 结核23. morbidity/incidence发病率24. professionals 专业人士25. latent 潜伏26. skin test 皮试27. screening 筛查28. interferon 干扰素29. toxicity 毒性30. curable 可治愈的31. intractable 难治的32. pathogen 病原体33. ulcer 溃疡34. exposure 接触(带病者)35. recombination 重组36. bioterrorism 生物恐怖活动37. foodborne 生物传播Unit Three1. adrenaline 肾上腺素2. residency 实习3. autoimmune 自身免疫4. stamina 持久力5. transient 短暂的6. bedridden 卧床不起7. building block 基本构件8. model 模型9. neurodegeneration神经退化10.excrete 排除(毒素)11.optimize 优化12.load 载量13.relapse 复发14.self-experimentation自我实验15.trial 试验16.neuromuscular 神经肌肉17.therapist 治疗师18.micronutrient 微量营养素19.function 功能20.track 跟踪21.coordination 协调22.cardiovascular 心血管23.rapport 亲密24.synchronization 同步25.contagion 传染26.regulate 调节27.psychobiological 生物心理28.solace 慰藉29.imaging ＭＲＩ30.activate 激活31.mandatory 强制性32.dubious 无把握的33.background 背景34.concept 概念35.regimen 方案plications 并发症37.anti-tumor 抗肿瘤38.standard 标准的39.pharmacological 药理学的40.solubility 溶解性41.in vivo 体内Unit Four1. complementary 补充2. alternative 替代(医学)3. paradigm 模式4. acupuncture 针灸5. adjunct 辅助6. nausea 恶心7. post-operative 术后8. clinical 临床的9. physicaltherapy 理疗10. therapeutic 治疗(方法)11. intervention 干预12. design 设计13. resonance 共振14. emission 发射ＰＥＴ15. analgesia 止痛16. establishment(生物医学)界17. rehabilitation 康复18. licensed 持照(针灸师)19. strategies 策略20. formulas 配方21. wide array 各式各样的22. integrative(中西医)结合23. acute 急性的24. administer 给药25. procedure 程序26. evaluation 评估27. prevalence 患病率28. conventional 传统(疗法)29. evidence-based 循证的30. management(压力)处理31. peripheral 外周／外围32. mechanisms 机制33. reductionistic 还原式的34.cost-effectiveness 效益35. outcomes 结果36. preclinical 临床前37. plausible 可能的38. manipulative 推拿39. homeopathic 顺势40. naturopathic 自然(疗法)41. meditation 冥想Unit Five1. crisis 危机2. symptoms 症状3. vitality 活力4. immune 免疫5. virus 病毒6. lifestyle 生活方式7. robust 健全的8. fragile 脆弱的9. balance 平衡10. spiritual 精神的11. blockages 路障12. repressed 被压抑的13. genuine 真实的(真情实感)14. physiological 心理15. integrated 整合的(十全十美)16. decaying teeth 蛀牙17. nutrition 营养18. waistline 腰围19. bottled 瓶装(水)20. intake 摄入21. appetite 食欲22. protein 蛋白质23. obesity 肥胖症24. lean 精益的(蛋白质)25. dietary 饮食(习惯)26. quality 质量27. dairy 乳制品28. diabetes 糖尿病29. content 含量Unit Six1. nursing home 养老院2. hospice 临终(关怀)3. failure(心)衰4. available around-the-clock24小时随叫随到5. coronary 冠心病6. respond(对治疗有)反应7. facility 机构8. end-of-life 终末期9. comfort 舒适的(护理)10. hospital discharge 出院11. care(症状)护理12. palliative 姑息的13. fatal illness 绝症14. pulmonary 肺的ＣＯＰＤ15. experimental 实验性的16. advisors 顾问17. discontinue 终止18. dialysis 透析19. smear 涂片20. provider 医患关系21. care-as-usual 常规医护22. preventive 预防性23. beaten 常用的off the beatenpath 离开熟路,另辟蹊径24. moldinto the shape 塑形25. renew 重新开始to renew aprescription 照旧处方再开药26. fertilization 授精27. basic 基础的(生物学)28. stem cell 干细胞29. collaborate 合作30. test-tube 试管(婴儿)31. reproductive 生殖的32. hormones 激素33. immature 未成熟的34. empirical 经验(观察)35. pioneering 首创的36. endoscope 内镜37. ethical 伦理的38. concern(社会)关注39. infertile 不孕不育的40. inherited 遗传性的41. fibrosis 纤维化42. dilemmas 困境Unit Seven1. station(护士)站2. life-support 生命维持(系统)3. measures 护理措施4. withdraw 停止(治疗)5. paternalistic 家长式的6. empowerment 授权7. ethicists 伦理学家8. principles 准则9. ideal 理念10.patient-centered以病人为中心的11. autonomy 自主权12. options 选择13. exclusivepurview 专属的(领域)14. emergency 紧急(决定)15. restraint 限制16. anxiety 焦虑17. transgression 违背18. practice(家庭)医疗19. metastases(广泛)转移20. aggressive 积极的21. primary 原发22. follow-up 随访23. record 病历24. embolism 栓塞25. tomography 断层摄像ＣＴ26. infiltrates 浸润27. chest 胸28. lower-lobe 左下叶29. labored(呼吸)困难30. team 团队31. chronic 慢性的32. psychosocial 社会心理33. guidelines 指南34. implement 实施(治疗方案)Unit Eight1. subject 受试对象2. biomedical 生物医学3. therapy 治疗4. protocol 方案5. beneficence 有利6. justice 公正7. autonomous 有自主能力的8. diminished 减弱Diminished autonomy 自主性减弱9. exposed to 面临10. Oath 誓言11. distribution 分配12. consent 同意Informed consent 知情同意13. procedures 程序14. operating 手术台15. obligation 责任16. pediatric 儿科的17. perform 做(手术)18. flow(血)流19. intensive 重症的ＩＣＵ20. adoptive 义(父)21.biological 生(父)22. psychological 心理的23. medical 医学的24. occupational 职业的25. contract 感染性的26. infection 感染27. blood vessel 血管28. circulation 循环29. welfare 安宁30. disapprove 不批准31. protocol 研究计划32. liability 责任Unit Nine1. curriculum 课程2. community 界The medicaleducation community 医学教育界3. expectations 期待4. attributes(个人)品质5. value 看重The place value on 看重6. maladies 疾患7. diagnostic 诊断的8. manifestations 临床表现9. civic mindedness 民本意识10. chatter 闲谈11. manner(临床)举止12. directories 名录13. integral 不可分割的14. underserved 服务匮乏的15. shortage(初级保健)缺乏16. certification 证书17. address 应对(需要)18. basics 基础知识19. teaching 教学(医院)20. academic 学术的21. affiliate with 隶属于22. continuing medicaleducation继续医学教育Unit Ten1. coverage 范围medical coverage 医疗保险支付范围2. Medicaid 医疗救助3. single-payer 单一支付4. subsidize 补贴5. deliver 提供6. duplicative 重复的7. sustained 长期的8. deficits(视力)缺陷9. echocardiogram 超声心动图10. thrombus 血栓11. stroke 中风12. artery 动脉13. intracranial 颅内的14. cerebral 大脑15. bleeding 出血16. brain-stem 脑干17. recovery 恢复18. ventilation 通气19. anticoagulant 抗凝血20. infusions 输液21. surgeon 外科医生22. administrators 管理者23. ambulances 救护车24. elective 可做可不做25. infarction 梗死26. time-critical 时间要求紧迫的27. arrest 停止28. traumatic 外伤的,创伤的29. intervention 介入术30. multi-payer 多家支付的31. universal 全民的32. for-profit 以营利为目的的33. pharmaceutical 制药的34. remedies 治疗方法home-brewed remedy 自创的治疗方法35. out-of-pocket 自掏腰包的。
医学英文知识点总结
医学英文知识点总结1. Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the human body, while physiology is the study of how the body functions. Understanding of the human body's structure and function is essential for healthcare providers, as it informs their diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions.2. Cellular BiologyCellular biology is the study of cells, their structure, function, and interactions with one another. This knowledge is fundamental in understanding the mechanisms of disease, as many conditions stem from abnormalities in cellular processes.3. BiochemistryBiochemistry is the study of the chemical processes that occur within living organisms. Understanding biochemical pathways and the role of specific molecules in the body is crucial for diagnosing and treating metabolic diseases.4. PharmacologyPharmacology is the study of how drugs affect the body and vice versa. Healthcare providers need to have a solid understanding of pharmacology to select appropriate medications, determine dosages, and predict potential drug interactions or adverse effects.5. PathophysiologyPathophysiology is the study of how diseases and disorders alter the normal physiological processes of the body. Healthcare providers must understand the underlying mechanisms of diseases to make accurate diagnoses and develop effective treatment plans.6. Medical EthicsMedical ethics is the moral principles that guide the conduct of healthcare professionals in their practice. Understanding the ethical considerations of patient care, research, and public health is essential for ensuring the well-being and autonomy of patients.7. EpidemiologyEpidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations. Healthcare providers use epidemiological data to identify patterns of disease, assess risk factors, and develop strategies for disease prevention and control.8. Medical History TakingTaking a thorough and accurate medical history is essential in diagnosing and treating patients. Healthcare providers must ask targeted questions to gather information about a patient's symptoms, medical history, family history, and social history.9. Physical ExaminationConducting a systematic and comprehensive physical examination is essential for assessing a patient's overall health. Healthcare providers must be proficient in techniques such as inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation to identify abnormalities and make accurate diagnoses.10. Diagnostic TestingInterpreting diagnostic tests such as blood work, imaging studies, and electrocardiograms is essential for diagnosing and monitoring medical conditions. Healthcare providers must understand the indications for specific tests, their limitations, and the interpretation of results.11. Clinical Decision MakingClinical decision making involves synthesizing patient information, medical knowledge, and available evidence to make informed choices about patient care. Healthcare providers must weigh the risks and benefits of treatment options and involve patients in shared decision making.12. Patient CommunicationEffective communication with patients is essential for building trust, conveying information, and involving patients in their care. Healthcare providers must use clear, empathetic, and culturally sensitive communication to ensure patient understanding and engagement.13. Patient EducationPatient education is crucial for empowering patients to manage their health and participate in treatment decisions. Healthcare providers must provide relevant information about medical conditions, treatment options, lifestyle modifications, and self-care strategies. 14. Preventive MedicinePreventive medicine aims to reduce the incidence and impact of disease through health promotion, disease prevention, and early detection. Healthcare providers must understand risk factors, screening guidelines, and immunization schedules to promote primary and secondary prevention.15. Interprofessional CollaborationInterprofessional collaboration involves working with other healthcare professionals to optimize patient care. Healthcare providers must effectively communicate, coordinate care, and respect each other's expertise to achieve positive patient outcomes.16. Patient SafetyPatient safety involves addressing the risks, errors, and harm in healthcare to prevent adverse events and promote a culture of safety. Healthcare providers must implement strategies to improve medication safety, prevent healthcare-associated infections, and reduce diagnostic errors.17. Quality ImprovementQuality improvement involves systematic efforts to enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and safety of healthcare delivery. Healthcare providers must use data-driven approaches to identify and address opportunities for improvement in patient care.18. Global HealthGlobal health focuses on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide. Healthcare providers must understand the social, economic, and environmental determinants of health to address global health challenges such as infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and health disparities.19. Medical ResearchMedical research aims to advance knowledge in healthcare and improve patient outcomes. Healthcare providers must understand research methodology, scientific evidence, and ethical considerations to critically appraise research findings and apply them to practice.20. Healthcare PolicyHealthcare policy involves the development and implementation of regulations, laws, and programs to improve the delivery, quality, and cost-effectiveness of healthcare. Healthcare providers must understand healthcare policy to advocate for patients, promote health equity, and address healthcare disparities.In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of medical knowledge points is essential for healthcare providers to provide high-quality, safe, and effective care to patients. Continual learning and application of these knowledge points are crucial for improving patient outcomes and advancing the field of medicine.。
医学英语文献带读
医学英语文献带读English:Medical English literature is a crucial component in the field of healthcare as it provides valuable research and information for healthcare professionals. Reading medical English literature allows healthcare practitioners to stay updated with the latest advancements, evidence-based practices, and treatment options. It helps in enhancing and expanding their knowledge base, which ultimately leads to improved patient care and outcomes. Additionally, medical English literature plays a vital role in fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills among healthcare professionals. By analyzing different studies, research papers, and clinical trials, clinicians can develop a comprehensive understanding of various diseases, their pathophysiology, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic interventions. Moreover, medical English literature aids healthcare professionals in staying abreast of current guidelines and protocols, ensuring their clinical practice aligns with the best practices and standards.By reading medical English literature, healthcare professionals also gain access to a vast network of experts and researchers, enabling them to collaborate and share knowledge with peers globally. It facilitates discussions and debates on emerging topics, leading to advancements in medical practices. Furthermore, medical English literature encourages evidence-based practice, as it provides reliable and validated information to support clinical decision-making. Healthcare practitioners depend on this literature to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different treatment modalities and interventions, ensuring optimal patient outcomes. In addition, medical English literature encompasses various specialties and sub-specialties, allowing healthcare professionals to stay current with advancements in their specific fields. Whether it's cardiology, oncology, neurology, or any other discipline, medical English literature covers a wide range of topics, ensuring practitioners have access to the latest research and knowledge specific to their respective areas of expertise.In conclusion, medical English literature plays a vital role in the healthcare industry by providing a wealth of research, information, and knowledge. It enhances the clinical skills of healthcareprofessionals, promotes evidence-based practice, fosters collaboration and global networking, and ensures the delivery ofhigh-quality patient care. Reading medical English literature is an essential activity for healthcare practitioners, enabling them to stay abreast of the advancements in medical science and apply the best practices in their clinical practice.中文翻译：医学英语文献在医疗保健领域起着重要作用，为医护专业人员提供了可贵的研究和信息。
医学文献阅读笔记精品PPT课件
主要内容
Background Objective and methods Results Discussion Conclusions Thoughts
Background
COPD 在肺部疾病死因中居第 一 对生理与心理都有消极 影响 影响生活质量
Background
对于稳定期COPD病人，长期氧疗是 一种基本的治疗方法。它可以限制 组织与器官的缺氧，减慢肺功能的 恶化。 有研究表明有64.7%的病人缺乏知识 与家庭照护服务。 有研究表明通过网络通信，延续性 护理提供家庭慢性病控制与照护服 务。 该研究是将延续性护理应用于稳定 期COPD病人家庭氧疗，是COPD患者 家庭照护的一种新方法。
Result3
肺功能检查：FEV1:第一秒用力呼气容积 FVC:用力肺活量 FEV1/FVC：一秒率 PEFR:呼气高峰流速 干预前两组肺功能数据的比较，差异之间无统计学意义，P<0.05。 干预后实验组数据与之前比差别小。而对照组明显比出院之前低，并且P<0.05 差异有统计学意义。
Result4
Conclusions
综上所述，延续性护理可以教育和引导COPD稳定期病人，通过为 病人建立健康档案，在线网络平台提高病人氧疗依从性、自我 护理能力、生活质量。
所以说，延续性护理应用在稳定期COPD病人家庭氧疗上是有价值 的，值得推广。
Thoughts
优点： 1.论文结构合理。 2.分析方法相对合理，结论和建议具有现实意义，有利于促进临床工作开展。 3.选择的量表符合所研究的内容，主观客观相结合，材料比较充实，统计学分 析得当，论述观点正确，叙述层次分明，有较强的逻辑性。 缺点： 1.肺功能表格中单位有错。 2.正文患者资料里面缺少学历资料，两组患者临床资料的比较未说明可比性。 3.表三ESCA（自我护理能力评分表）与表四中国人生活质量检测表均缺少干预 前两组数据比较。 4.生活质量评估表没有具体说明表格类型，评分标准
医学文献阅读笔记优秀PPT
汇报人：
1
The application value of continuous nursing for home oxygen therapy of patients in the stable phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Discussion
• 据以往的研究显示延续性护理作为一种新的护理模式，已经从医院延伸到社 会，家庭。有效的延续护理不仅要提高病人的自我护理能力，监督和引导病 人提高他们的氧疗依从性，帮助他们更快地恢复肺功能。
• 该研究表明实验组的氧疗依从性明显大于对照组的依从性;实验组的动脉血 气分析中氧分压与血氧的值高于对照组，二氧化碳分压低于对照组；实验组 的肺功能指标高于对照组；实验组的自我护理能力与生活质量评分均高于对 照组。
9
Methods
获得医院伦理委员会与病人 ，家属同意 随机分为两组 实验组与对照组 每组各53人
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Methods
出院时，对照组接受健康教 育 实验组接受延续性护理 1、成立了延续性护理小组 小组成员有： 一位护士长 3-5名护士 一名护士要有5年呼吸科工 作经验 一名具有3年以上呼吸科工 作经验的医生
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Байду номын сангаас
Methods
2、给予实验组患者延 续性护理方法： （1）氧疗的准备 （2）氧疗的方法 （3）期间饮食与运动 的指导
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Methods
3、追踪随访 建立网络信息平台 出院后三个月进行家访 记录患者心率 血压 肺功能 血氧饱和度
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Results
氧疗的依从性 血气分析 肺功能检查 ESCA（自我护理能力评分表 ） 生活质量测试表（适合中国 人） 采用SPSS19.0统计软件处理 ，计量资料用均数±标准差 表示，采用t检验，计数资 料用频率、百分率（%）表 示。采用χ²检验。P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
《临床常见疾病：医学英语文献阅读》读书笔记模板
Section Five: Cancer第五部分恶性肿瘤
66. Breast Cancer乳腺癌 67. Esophagus Cancer食管癌 68. Liver Cancer肝癌 69. Stomach Cancer胃癌 70. Colorectal Cancer结直肠癌 71. Lung Cancer肺癌 72. Cervical Cancer宫颈癌 73. Ovarian Cancer卵巢癌 74. Bladder Cancer膀胱癌
A good relaxation during commuting hours。
比较基础的医学科普文。
This is a collection of patient leaflets explaining common diseases in layman's terms (except for infectious disease and ophthalmology). I recommend converting the measurements, such as inches into centimetres and Fahrenheit into Celsius, as well as avoiding the use of 911 as the service number for emergencies. Thorough proofreading is necessary before publication in case of a second version since numerous errors were made in spelling or using lookalike words.。
84. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS)阻塞性睡眠 呼吸暂停低通气综合征
医学英语文献阅读一(1-8词汇)
A reading course IChapter1TextAprematurely 过早地diagnosis 诊断sub health 亚健康immune system 免疫系统respectively 分别地prevalent 普遍地spearhead 为…带头，为…先锋sustained 可持续的intellectual 知识分子transitional 过度的chronic 慢性的infectious传染的massage 按摩，推拿blood circulation 血液循环textBdefect 缺点，缺陷abnormality 畸形，异常cardiac 心脏的，心脏病的cardiac arrest 心搏停止screening test 筛选试验，屏蔽试验coroner 验尸官autopsy 验尸，尸体解剖ventricular 心室的，脑室的fibrillation 纤维性颤动ventricular fibrillation 心室纤维性颤动hypertrophic 肥厚的cardiomyopathy 心肌症hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥大型心肌病myocardium 心肌，心肌层coronary 冠状的artery 动脉compress 压缩，压紧syndrome 综合征inherit 继承，遗传chaotic 混乱的，无秩序的erratic 不稳定的，古怪的commotia cordis 心脏震动red flag 危险信号on the outlook 寻找，警惕着syncope 晕厥exertion 努力，用力seizures 癫痫，痉挛screening 筛选asthma 哮喘，气喘implantable 可移植的，可植入的cardioverter 心律转变器，复律器defibrillator 去纤颤器，电震发生器pacemaker 心律调整器，起搏器arrhythmia 心律不齐，心律失常electrocardiogram 心电图Vocabularysub health亚健康massage 按摩，推拿diagnosis 诊断suffernegativeaccelerateinfectioncirculationhealthcaredefectinheritcardiactriggerabnormalitysurgeryscreeningsignaldisordersyndromeprematurechapter2TextAdrug resistance耐药性Aids 艾滋病tuberculosis 肺结核malaria 疟疾scourge 灾祸，苦难的根源penicillin 盘尼西林antibiotic 抗菌素incentive 动机，刺激institution 公共机构，习俗leadership 领导能力，领导surveillance 监督，监视priority 优先，优先权，优先考虑的事hygience 卫生，卫生学lancet 小刀，柳叶刀haemorrhage 大出血tranexamic acid 氨甲环酸malnutrition 营养不良soaring 高耸的，猛增的depletion 消耗，放血stock 库存，血统textBallergy 过敏症，反感allergic 对…过敏/极讨厌的side effect 副作用sulfa 磺胺的，磺胺药剂的immune 免疫的offending 不愉快的medication 药物，药物治疗adverse 不利的，相反的itchy 发痒的，渴望的rash 皮疹hives 荨麻疹，假膜性喉头炎exposure 暴露，揭露anaphylaxis 过敏性，过敏性反应prescription 药方，指示symptom 征兆，症状wheeze 喘息serum 血清，浆液injection 注射，注射剂foreign 外国的，异质的medical facilities 医疗设施latex 乳胶，乳液application 应用，敷用amoxicillin 阿莫西林，氢氨苄青霉素ampicillin 氨苄西林，氨苄青霉素augmentin 安灭菌，奥格门汀carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素dicloxacillin 双氯西林，双氯青霉素cephalosporin 头孢菌素cefaclor 头孢克洛，氯氨苄青霉素cefadroxil 头孢氢氨苄cefepime 头孢吡肟cefprozil 头孢丙烯cephradine 头孢拉啶，先锋霉素cephalexin 头孢氨苄sulfasalazine 柳氮磺胺吡啶Bactrim 复方新诺明sulfate 硫酸盐insulin 胰岛素manifest 证明，表明iodine 碘，碘酒bloodstream 血液，血液的流动vessel 脉管，血管nausea 恶心，晕船，极端的憎恶vomit 呕吐，吐出dizziness 头晕，头昏眼花Vocabularysymptioninsulinsurveillancedizzinessimmuneallergicresistancemalariasulfaantibioticitchyforeignvomitbloodstreaminjectionhygieneprescriptionasthmahealthcareanaphylaxicchapter3textAhospice 临终关怀，临终关怀医院catch on 变得流行terminally 不治地，晚期地allusion 暗示，提及influential 有影响的decent 体面的，像样的prolong 延长，拖延existence 生存，生活intervention 干预，介入hostile 敌对的，怀敌意的dedicate 致力，献身explicit 明确的，清楚的intervene 干涉，插入palliative 缓和剂，暂时姑息outstrip 超过，胜过expectancy 期望，期待predictable 可预言的geriatrics 老年病学，老年病人succumb屈服，被压垮dementia 痴呆decay 衰败，衰退textBswallow 吞下，咽下stressful 紧张的，有压力的appreciate 欣赏，感激pursue 继续，从事alternative 选择，替换物available 可得到的，可利用的caregiver 照料者，护理者mission 使命，任务knowledgeable 知识渊博的，有见识的approach 接近expertise 专门知识，专家意见incredibly难以置信地distress 使悲痛，使贫困anticipate 预期，期望compassionate 慈悲的，富于同情心的participation 参与，分享excel 优于，胜过，擅长Vocabularyimmortalterminaldementiahospicedecentanxiousexpectancycaregiverpositiveapproachguidancepursuemissioninterventionemotionalalternativegrievefuneralphysicaltubechapter4textAface lift 面部拉皮手术deposit 沉积物cosmetic 美容的，化妆用的endoscopic 内窥镜的，用内窥镜检查的incision 切口，切割contour 轮廓，周线bandage 绷带wrinkle 皱纹crease 折痕，皱纹swelling 肿胀，增大restrict 限制，约束minimal 最小限度的，极小的invasive 侵略性的，攻击性的invasive surgery 侵入性外科手术anesthesia 麻醉sedation 镇静的，镇静剂visibe 明显的，看得见的temple 太阳穴textBlaser 激光remedy 补救，治疗hyperpigmentation 色素沉着过度discolor 使变色，使褪色discoloration 变色dermabrasion 磨去皮肤疤痕之手术，磨皮手术acne 痤疮，粉刺ablative 烧蚀的vaporize 汽化，使…蒸发downtime 停工期collagen 胶原，胶原蛋白pulse 脉冲，脉动rejuvenation 返老还童，恢复活动sagging 松垂的，下沉的vascular 血管的，淋巴管的lesion 病变，损伤antiviral 抗病毒物质antibacterial 抗菌剂，抗菌药yeast 酵母complication 并发症intravenous 静脉内的penetrate 渗透，穿透ointment 药膏，软膏petroleum jelly 凡士林，矿油temporary 暂时的，短暂的dormant 休眠的，静止的herpes 疱疹Vocabularyendoscopicmedicationcomplicationantiviralwrinkleanesthesiavascularswellingexposurehyperpigmentationscarinvasiveintravenouspeeldermabrasiondormantincisiondepositlesioncollagenchapter5textAgenetic 遗传的，基因的loom 可怕地出现，令人惊恐的隐现invade 侵入，侵略staple 主要的，常用的biotechnologist 生物工艺学家estimate 估计ingredient 材料，原料reveal 显示，透漏domesticated 家养的toxicity 毒性，毒性作用，毒性反应allergenicity 变应原性，过敏反应antibiotic 抗生的，抗菌的extinction 灭绝hazardous 有危险的，冒险的tangle 纠纷，混乱状态anomaly 异常，反常事物jurisdiction 管辖权haphazard 随便的，无计划的contaminate 污染，弄脏legislation 立法negligence 疏忽，忽视biotechnology 生物技术，生物工艺学textBaccess 使用权，接近或享用的机会temporarily 临时地affordable 负担得起的shortage 缺乏utilize 使用，利用household 家庭的，日常的intellectually 智力上，理智地resource 资源effective 有效的fertilizer 化肥productive 能生产的，多生产的deterioration 恶化undertake 承担，从事resistance 抵抗，反抗cultivate 培养，耕作cubic 立方体的，立方irrigation 灌溉salinisation 盐渍化consequently 因此，结果enhance 提高，加强invest 投资cyclone 旋风，气旋，飓风flee 逃走，消失，消失debris 碎片，残骸prioritise 给予…优先权，按优先顺序处理quarantine 检疫tariff 关税表，收费表subsidise 资助给…补助金deprive使丧失，剥夺Vocabularyorganismtanglecondimentfertilizershortagecontaminateanomalydebrisbacteriaregulateaccesstariffingredientprioritiseextinctiondeteriorationhaphazardirrigationpandemicutilizationchapter6textAwillpower 意志力，毅力illicit 违法的，非法的staggering令人惊讶的deleterious 有毒的，有害的disintegration 分解，瓦解chronic 慢性的，长期的relapse 旧病复发，故态复萌counteract 抵消，中和disruptive 破坏的，分裂性的psychiatric 精神病学的，精神病治疗的diabetes 糖尿病，多尿症reinstate 使恢复，使复原textBgay teen 同性恋青少年acute 严重的，急性的lesbian 女同性恋bisexual 双性恋的transgender 跨性别者，变性人heterosexual 异性的，异性恋的subgroup 子群straight teen 异性恋青少年，非同性恋青少年homophobia 对同性恋的恐惧，对同性恋的憎恶victimization 欺骗，侵害disparity 不同，不一致marginalize 排斥，使处于社会边缘nongovernmental 非政府的harassment 骚扰，烦恼marijuana 大麻，大麻毒品cocaine 可卡因methamphetamine 甲基苯丙胺，冰毒assault 攻击，袭击pseudonym 笔名，假名stigmatization 污辱adolescent 青少年prognosis 预后，预知grim 冷酷的，糟糕的homophobic害怕同性恋的imperative 必要的，紧急的confidential 表示信任的Vocabularyabsueaddictionillicitchronicdeleteriousstaggeringrelapsedisruptivedisintegrationhomophobiabisexualacutedisparityprognosispseudonymassaultimperativeasthmavictimizationchapter7textAeligibility 合格，资格dialysis 透析transplant 移植renal 肾的premium保费eligible 合格的，符合条件的coverage 承保范围labor 分娩，生产delivery 分娩textBbone mass 骨质osteoporosis 骨质疏松cardiovascular 心血管的cholesterol 胆固醇lipid 脂类triglyceride 三酸甘油酯colorectal 结肠直肠的fecal 粪便的，排泄物的occult 隐性的sigmoidoscopy 乙状结肠镜检查colonoscopy 结肠镜检查barium 钡enema 灌肠，灌肠剂dyslipidemia 血脂异常obesity 肥胖gestational 妊娠期的glaucoma 青光眼hepatitis肝炎pelvic 骨盆的cervical 子宫颈的vaginal 阴道的referral 转介，转诊pneumococcal 肺炎球菌的prostate 前列腺rectal 直肠的mammogram 乳房X线照片cessation 停止，休止chapter8textAspinal 脊髓的，脊柱的diverse 不同的，多种多样的gratifying 悦人的，令人满足的assume 承担rehabilitation 康复，修复physical rehabilitation 物理疗法，物理治疗accredited 公认的，经过认证的supervised fieldwork 实习pinpoint 精确地找到，查明per diem 每天，按日textBneurological 神经病学的substantiate 证实aphasia 失语症trigger 引发，引起innately 天赋的，与生俱来的attune to 习惯于bradykinesia 云动徐缓，动作迟缓initiate 开始，发起cadence 节奏，韵律organized 安排有秩序的，做事有条理的cofounder共同创始人synchronize 使同步，使合拍gait 步法，步态strike 大步，步幅moto control 运动控制improvisation 即兴创作，即席演奏cymbal 铙xylophone 木琴therapeutic 治疗的，有益于健康的overlap 重叠，重复retrieval 恢复，取回vouch 保证，证明devastating 毁灭性的neurotransmitter 神经传导物质norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素，降肾上腺素melatonin 褪黑激素stress hormone 应激激素cortisol 皮质醇diazepam 安定advanced stage 晚期amygdala 杏仁核hippocampus 海马degenerative 退化的，变质的cortex 皮质hub 中心（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
英文文献阅读笔记
英文文献阅读笔记Title: The Role of MicroRNAs in Cancer Development and ProgressionAuthor: Kaitlyn SmithPublication: Cancer Research JournalDate: January 2023Summary:This article delves into the intricate world of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their critical role in cancer development and progression. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, playing a significant role in various biological processes including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The article highlights the complex interplay between miRNAs and cancer, discussing how these tiny regulators can act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, depending on the context.Key Points:1. miRNAs function as post-transcriptional regulators, binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs, leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression.2. Dysregulation of miRNAs is common in cancer, often characterized by miRNA overexpression or underexpression. These changes can lead to abnormal gene expression patterns that drive cancer development and progression.3. miRNAs can act as tumor suppressors by targeting oncogenes for degradation or inhibiting their translation, or they can function as oncogenes by targeting tumor suppressor genes.4. Therapeutic potential of miRNAs has been recognized, with several ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of miRNA-based drugs or inhibitors for the treatment of various cancers.5. The role of miRNAs in cancer is further complicated by their ability to influence the tumor microenvironment, including immune cell infiltration and stromal cell activation.6. Future research directions include understanding the precise mechanisms of miRNA regulation in cancer, identifying specific miRNA signatures predictive of tumor behavior and patientprognosis, and developing more effective miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.Reflections:This article has significantly expanded my understanding of the complex role of miRNAs in cancer. The concept of miRNAs functioning as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes is fascinating and underscores the remarkable versatility of these tiny regulators. The therapeutic potential of miRNAs is also promising, offering new avenues for cancer treatment. However, the challenges associated with developing effective miRNA-based therapies are numerous, requiring a more comprehensive understanding of miRNA biology and the tumor microenvironment.。
医学英语文献阅读(二)
医学英语文献阅读(二)Medical English Literature Reading (Part II)。
In the field of medicine, staying updated with the latest research and advancements is crucial for healthcare professionals. Reading medical literature is an essential skill that allows practitioners to access and understand scientific studies, clinical trials, and expert opinions. In this article, we will delve deeper into the process of reading medical English literature and explore various strategies to enhance comprehension and critical analysis.1. Understanding the Structure of Medical Articles。
Medical articles generally follow a specific structure, consisting of the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Familiarizing yourself with this structure can greatly facilitate your reading process. The title provides a concise overview of the study, while the abstract summarizes the key findings and conclusions. The introduction introduces the research question and provides background information, while the methods section outlines the study design, sample size, and data collection methods. The results section presents the findings, often in the form of tables, figures, and statistical analyses. The discussion section interprets the results, compares them with existing literature, and highlights the study's limitations. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the main findings and their implications.2. Skimming and Scanning Techniques。
医学英语文献阅读二翻译
Unit OneText A： Hippocratic Oath, The Medical Ideal1.Perhaps the most enduring --- certainly the most quoted --- tradition in thehistory of medicine is the Hippocratic Oath. Named after the famous Greek physicianHippocrates, this oath was written as a guideline for the medical ethics of doctors.Although the exact words have changed over time, the general content is the same- an oath to respect those who have imparted their knowledge upon the science ofmedicine, and respect to the patients as well as the promise to treat them to thebest of the physicians' ability.或许在医学史上最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊著名医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人，尊重病人，尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。
Who was Hippocrates, and Did he Write the Oath?2.For a man considered by many to be the 'Father of Medicine', little is known aboutHippocrates of Cos. He lived circa 460-380 BC, and was the contemporary of Socratesas well as a practising physician. He was certainly held to be the most famousphysician and teacher of medicine in his time. Over 60 treatises of medicine, calledthe Hippocratic Corpus have been attributed to him; however, these treatises hadconflicting contents and were written some time between 510 and 300 BC, and thereforecould not all have been written by him.作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最著名的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手.3.The Oath was named after Hippocrates, certainly, although its penmanship is stillin question. According to authorities in medical history, the contents of the oath suggest that it was penned during the 4th Century BC, whichmakes it possible that Hippocrates had himself written it. Anyway, regardless ofwhether or not Hippocrates himself had written the Hippocratic Oath, the contentsof the oath reflect his views on medical ethics.这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的，虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。
医药学类文献双语版：汉译英
介导性shRNA能抑制肺癌细胞中livin沉默基因的表达从而促进SGC-7901细胞凋亡背景—由于肿瘤细胞抑制凋亡增殖,特定凋亡的抑制因素会对于发展新的治疗策略提供一个合理途径。
Livin是一种凋亡抑制蛋白家族成员，在多种恶性肿瘤的表达中具有意义。
但是, 在有关胃癌方面没有可利用的数据。
在本研究中,我们发现livin基因在人类胃癌中的表达并调查了介导的shRNA能抑制肺癌细胞中livin沉默基因的表达，从而促进SGC-7901细胞凋亡。
方法—mRNA及蛋白质livin基因的表达用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术及西方吸干化验进行了分析。
小干扰RNA真核表达载体具体到livin基因采用基因重组、测序核酸。
然后用Lipofectamin2000转染进入SGC-7901细胞。
逆转录聚合酶链反应技术和西方吸干化验用来验证的livin基因在SGC-7901细胞中使沉默基因生效。
所得到的稳定的复制品用G418来筛选。
细胞凋亡用应用流式细胞仪(FCM)来评估。
细胞生长状态和5-FU的50%抑制浓度(IC50)和顺铂都由MTT比色法来决定。
结果—livin mRNA和蛋白质的表达检测40例中有19例(47.5%)有胃癌和SGC-7901细胞。
没有livin基因表达的是在肿瘤邻近组织和良性胃溃疡病灶。
相关发现在livin基因的表达和肿瘤的微小分化和淋巴结转移一样(P < 0.05)。
4个小干扰RNA真核表达矢量具体到基因重组的livin基因建立。
其中之一,能有效地减少livin基因的表达,抑制基因不少于70%(P < 0.01)。
重组的质粒被提取和转染到胃癌细胞。
G418筛选所得到的稳定的复制品被放大讲究。
当livin基因沉默,胃癌细胞的生殖活动明显低于对照组(P < 0.05)。
研究还表明,IC50上的5-Fu和顺铂在胃癌细胞的治疗上是通过shRNA减少以及刺激这些细胞(5-Fu proapoptotic和顺铂)(P < 0.01)。
medreading的使用方法
medreading的使用方法（原创实用版4篇）篇1 目录1.引言：介绍 MedReading 及其作用2.MedReading 的使用步骤3.MedReading 的优点与局限性4.结论：总结 MedReading 的使用方法及其对医学教育的重要性篇1正文MedReading 是一款专为医学生和医生设计的在线阅读和笔记工具，旨在帮助用户更高效地理解和掌握医学知识。
本文将详细介绍MedReading 的使用方法。
一、引言随着互联网技术的发展和普及，线上学习已成为越来越多医学生和医生的首选。
MedReading 就是在这样的背景下应运而生的一款阅读和笔记工具，它不仅可以帮助用户快速阅读和理解医学文献，还可以方便地整理笔记，便于随时查阅。
二、MedReading 的使用步骤1.注册和登录：首先，用户需要在 MedReading 官网上注册一个账号并登录。
注册过程简单快捷，只需填写一些基本信息即可。
2.添加文献：用户可以在 MedReading 中添加各种格式的医学文献，如 PDF、Word 文档等。
添加文献的方式也很简单，只需点击“添加文献”按钮，选择文件并上传即可。
3.阅读和笔记：在 MedReading 中，用户可以一边阅读文献，一边做笔记。
笔记可以按照章节和页码自动排版，方便用户查找和复习。
4.导出笔记：用户可以将在 MedReading 中做的笔记导出为 Word 文档或其他格式，便于在其他设备上查看或打印。
三、MedReading 的优点与局限性1.优点：MedReading 的使用方法简单易懂，且功能强大。
它可以帮助用户快速阅读和理解医学文献，提高学习效率。
此外，MedReading 的笔记功能也可以帮助用户更好地掌握和记忆知识点。
2.局限性：虽然 MedReading 的使用方法便捷，但它主要针对医学领域，对其他领域的支持可能不够完善。
此外，MedReading 的免费版功能有限，如需使用更多功能，需要购买付费版。
撰写医学文献常用英语
identically designed，phase3，placebo-controlled trials设计相同的Ⅲ期、安慰剂对照试验were followed for an additional 10days 并接受额外10天的随访follow-up 随访primary outcome 主要转归rritable bowel syndrome IBS肠易激综合征as compared with 相比之下rifaximin 利福昔明hazard ratio 风险比为acute otitis media 急性中耳炎adjusted odds ratio 经校正的比值比asthma 哮喘confidence interval 可信区间（CI）为chemotherapy 化疗exceed 超过initial 最初inhibitory activity 抑制活性evidence suggests that 有证据表明heparin 肝素an open-label，phase2 开放标签2期catheter-locking regimen 封管方案were randomly assigned 被随机分配接受cardiac arrest 心脏停搏the primary end point 主要终点EMS急救医疗服务key secondary end point 关键的次要终点Newborn screening 新生儿筛查1% vs02% 1% 对02% Preterm Infants 早产儿Daily ratings of 每日分级tidal volumes. 潮气量The incidence of adverse events 不良事件发生率inspiratory and expiratory 吸气和呼气Initial resolution of symptoms 最初症状消失vital capacity 肺活量Corresponding values 对应值pro-drug前体药物The rate of clinical failure 临床失败率active metabolite 活性代谢物The first dose 首剂metabolism新陈代谢The end-of-treatment visit 治疗结束随访particle颗粒The rate of Objective response 客观有效率metered dose inhaler定量雾化吸入器(MDI The rate of clinical benefit 临床获益率Resuscitation复苏Progression free survival 无进展生存期second-tier therapy二线治疗Case Control Study对照应用研究superior and inferior vena cava 上腔和下腔静脉Reversible form 可逆类型critically ill patients 危重症患者A prospective cohort study 前瞻性队列研究pulmonary edema 肺水肿Intention –to-treat analysis 意向治疗分析beta-blocking agents ß受体阻断剂Two cross-sectional studies 2项横断面研究under-diagnosed 漏诊randomised controlled trials (RCT)随机对照试验the cause and consequences 因果Median 中位数ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction 心室收缩和舒张衰竭Baseline 基线the cause and consequences内科外科Enrolled subject 被纳入的受试者tricuspid regurgitation 三尖瓣反流Inversely related to 呈负相关mitral 二尖瓣In turn 反过来hemodynamic instability 血流动力学不稳定meta-analysis荟萃分析functional residual capacity功能残气量systemic review 系统回顾reflux返流mean difference 平均差Upper respiratory tract上呼吸道the trade-off between benefits and harms利弊的权衡clinical implications临床意义non-inferiority studies 非干预研究/ 非劣性研究incidence发生率superiority trial 优效试验critically ill children 危重病儿a equivalence trial 等效试验acid, alkaline 酸、碱non-inferiority trial.非劣效试验Confounder-adjusted 混杂因素调整Square root sign 平方根号differential diagnosis 鉴别评估screen 筛查independent risk factor 独立危险因素double hit phenomenon双击现象absolute values 绝对值352 episodes of 352例。
医学英文知识点总结大全
医学英文知识点总结大全1. Anatomy and Physiology- Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the human body. It involves learning about the different systems and organs and understanding how they function.- Physiology is the study of the functions and processes of the human body. It deals with how different organs and systems work together to maintain homeostasis.2. Cell Biology- Cells are the basic building blocks of life. They are the smallest units of living organisms and carry out all the necessary functions for life.- Cell biology involves studying the structure and function of cells, how they communicate with each other, and their role in the overall function of the body.3. Biochemistry- Biochemistry involves the study of the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. This includes the study of metabolism, enzymes, and the chemical reactions that take place within the body.4. Pathology- Pathology is the study of diseases and the changes that occur within the body as a result of illness or injury. It involves understanding the causes and mechanisms of diseases and how they affect the body.5. Pharmacology- Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on the body. It involves understanding how drugs work, the mechanisms of action, and their therapeutic uses.6. Microbiology- Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It involves understanding how these organisms can cause disease and how they can be controlled or treated.7. Immunology- Immunology is the study of the immune system and its response to pathogens. It involves understanding how the immune system works to protect the body from infections and how it can be manipulated to treat diseases.8. Genetics- Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited traits. It involves understanding how genes are passed from one generation to the next and how they can influence the development of diseases.9. Neurology- Neurology is the study of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It involves understanding how the nervous system functions and how it can be affected by diseases or injuries.10. Cardiology- Cardiology is the study of the heart and the circulatory system. It involves understanding how the heart works, the causes of heart disease, and the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.11. Pulmonology- Pulmonology is the study of the respiratory system, including the lungs and airways. It involves understanding how the respiratory system functions, the causes of respiratory diseases, and their treatment.12. Gastroenterology- Gastroenterology is the study of the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver. It involves understanding how the digestive system works, the causes of gastrointestinal diseases, and their treatment.13. Endocrinology- Endocrinology is the study of the endocrine system, including hormones and their effects on the body. It involves understanding how hormones regulate various bodily functions, the causes of endocrine disorders, and their treatment.14. Nephrology- Nephrology is the study of the kidneys and the urinary system. It involves understanding how the kidneys function, the causes of kidney diseases, and their treatment.15. Oncology- Oncology is the study of cancer and the treatment of cancer. It involves understanding the causes of cancer, the different types of cancer, and their treatment options.16. Obstetrics and Gynecology- Obstetrics and gynecology is the study of the female reproductive system and pregnancy. It involves understanding the different stages of pregnancy, childbirth, and the management of gynecological disorders.17. Pediatrics- Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. It involves understanding the developmental stages of children, common childhood illnesses, and their treatment.18. Geriatrics- Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health and care of elderly people. It involves understanding the aging process, the common health issues of older adults, and their management.19. Public Health- Public health is the study of the health of populations and communities. It involves understanding the epidemiology of diseases, the prevention of illnesses, and the promotion of health and well-being.20. Global Health- Global health is the study of health issues that transcend national borders, such as infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and non-communicable diseases. It involves understanding the health disparities between different regions and the development of strategies for improving global health.In conclusion, these are the key knowledge points in the field of medicine, encompassing a wide range of subjects that are essential for healthcare professionals to understand in order to provide effective care for patients.。
医学书英语知识点总结
医学书英语知识点总结Medical English is a specialized area of language learning that requires a deep understanding of medical terminology, communication skills, and the ability to convey complex medical information accurately and clearly. This summary provides an overview of key knowledge points in the field of medical English, including medical vocabulary, communication skills, and language use in various medical settings.Medical VocabularyMedical vocabulary is a fundamental aspect of medical English, as it is crucial for understanding and communicating medical information. Medical English vocabulary includes terms for anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and various medical procedures. Some examples of medical vocabulary include:- Anatomy: terms for the different parts of the human body, such as organs, bones, muscles, and tissues.- Physiology: terms related to the functions and processes of the body, including circulation, respiration, digestion, and metabolism.- Pathology: terms for diseases, conditions, and disorders, such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and arthritis.- Diagnosis and treatment: terms used to describe the process of diagnosing and treating medical conditions, including symptoms, tests, medications, and therapies.- Medical procedures: terms for medical interventions and procedures, such as surgery, radiology, chemotherapy, and rehabilitation.It is important for medical professionals to have a strong command of medical vocabulary in order to effectively communicate with colleagues, patients, and other healthcare professionals. Learning medical vocabulary also helps non-medical individuals better understand and discuss their own health concerns and treatment options with their healthcare providers.Communication SkillsEffective communication is essential in the field of medicine, as it plays a key role in patient care, medical research, and healthcare administration. Medical English communication skills encompass a wide range of abilities, including speaking, listening, writing, and reading. Some important communication skills for medical professionals and students include:- Active listening: the ability to listen attentively to patients, colleagues, and other healthcare professionals in order to understand their concerns, questions, and information.- Effective speaking: the ability to convey medical information clearly and accurately to patients, families, and other healthcare providers, using appropriate language and tone.- Writing skills: the ability to write medical reports, notes, and documentation in a clear, concise, and organized manner, following medical guidelines and standards.- Reading skills: the ability to understand and interpret medical literature, research articles, and patient records, in order to stay updated on the latest medical developments and provide evidence-based care.In addition to these general communication skills, medical professionals and students also need to develop specific communication skills for interacting with different groups of people, such as patients, colleagues, families, and medical staff. For example, they need to be able to explain medical procedures and treatment plans to patients in a clear and empathetic manner, as well as communicate effectively with other healthcare professionals in a multidisciplinary team setting.Language Use in Various Medical SettingsMedical English language use varies depending on the specific medical setting and the people involved. For example, the language used in a clinical setting may differ from that used in a research or academic setting. Some important considerations for language use in various medical settings include:- Clinical settings: in patient care settings such as hospitals, clinics, and doctor's offices, medical professionals need to use clear and simple language when communicating with patients and their families, in order to ensure that they understand their diagnoses, treatment plans, and medication instructions. Medical professionals also need to use precise and specific language when communicating with colleagues, to avoid misunderstandings and errors in patient care.- Research settings: in research and academic settings, medical professionals and students need to use technical and specialized language when discussing medical theories, studies, and findings, in order to communicate with precision and accuracy. This includes using specialized terms and jargon related to medical specialties, such as cardiology, oncology, neurology, and dermatology.- Administrative settings: in administrative settings such as healthcare organizations, insurance companies, and government agencies, medical professionals need to use formal and professional language when writing reports, policies, and guidelines, in order to convey information in a professional and authoritative manner. This includes using standard medical terminology and following professional writing conventions.In addition to these considerations, medical professionals and students also need to be aware of cultural and social factors that influence language use in medical settings, such as patient preferences, cultural beliefs, and linguistic diversity. Being sensitive to these factorshelps medical professionals and students communicate more effectively with patients and colleagues from diverse backgrounds.ConclusionMedical English is an essential area of language learning for medical professionals and students, as it encompasses a wide range of knowledge points related to medical vocabulary, communication skills, and language use in various medical settings. Mastering medical English requires a deep understanding of medical terminology, the ability to communicate effectively with patients and colleagues, and the awareness of language use in different medical contexts. By developing these knowledge points, medical professionals and students can improve their ability to understand and convey medical information accurately and clearly, and provide better care for their patients.。
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文章来源
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2017; (3 Suppl): 67-72
IF： 1.778
作者：
Y.-L. YU1, X.-S. ZHENG2, X.-X. HAN1, M.-J. SUN3
Discussion
• 据以往的研究显示延续性护理作为一种新的护理模式，已经从医院延伸到社 会，家庭。有效的延续护理不仅要提高病人的自我护理能力，监督和引导病 人提高他们的氧疗依从性，帮助他们更快地恢复肺功能。
• 该研究表明实验组的氧疗依从性明显大于对照组的依从性;实验组的动脉血 气分析中氧分压与血氧的值高于对照组，二氧化碳分压低于对照组；实验组 的肺功能指标高于对照组；实验组的自我护理能力与生活质量评分均高于对 照组。
英文 文献读书报告
The application value of continuous nursing for home oxygen therapy of patients in the stable phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Result3
肺功能检查：FEV1:第一秒用力呼气容积 FVC:用力肺活量 FEV1/FVC：一秒率 PEFR:呼气高峰流速 干预前两组肺功能数据的比较，差异之间无统计学意义，P<0.05。 干预后实验组数据与之前比差别小。而对照组明显比出院之前低，并且P<0.05 差异有统计学意义。
Result4
Conclusions
综上所述，延续性护理可以教育和引导COPD稳定期病人，通过为 病人建立健康档案，在线网络平台提高病人氧疗依从性、自我 护理能力、生活质量。
所以说，延续性护理应用在稳定期COPD病人家庭氧疗上是有价值 的，值得推广。
Thoughts
优点： 1.论文结构合理。 2.分析方法相对合理，结论和建议具有现实意义，有利于促进临床工作开展。 3.选择的量表符合所研究的内容，主观客观相结合，材料比较充实，统计学分 析得当，论述观点正确，叙述层次分明，有较强的逻辑性。 缺点： 1.肺功能表格中单位有错。 2.正文患者资料里面缺少学历资料，两组患者临床资料的比较未说明可比性。 3.表三ESCA（自我护理能力评分表）与表四中国人生活质量检测表均缺少干预 前两组数据比较。 4.生活质量评估表没有具体说明表格类型，评分标准
1.Department of Geriatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong Province, China 2.Department of Ultrasound, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Shandong Province, China 3.Clinical Skills Training Center, Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong Province, China
Methods
获得医院伦理委员会与病人 ，家属同意
随机分为两组 实验组与对照组 每组各53人
Methods
出院时，对照组接受健康教 育 实验组接受延续性护理 1、成立了延续性护理小组 小组成员有： 一位护士长 3-5名护士 一名护士要有5年呼吸科工 作经验 一名具有3年以上呼吸科工 作经验的医生
Байду номын сангаас
Methods
2、给予实验组患者延 续性护理方法： （1）氧疗的准备 （2）氧疗的方法 （3）期间饮食与运动 的指导
Methods
3、追踪随访 建立网络信息平台 出院后三个月进行家访 记录患者心率 血压 肺功能 血氧饱和度
Results
氧疗的依从性
血气分析
肺功能检查
ESCA（自我护理能力评分表 ）
Objective
分析延续性护理可以改 善稳定期COPD病人家庭 氧疗效果的应用价值
Methods
选择样本： 2014年10月到2015年11月在 山东省潍坊市宜都中心医院 进行治疗 疾病在出院时由急性期变稳 定期 稳定期COPD进行家庭氧疗的 病人 一共选择106例病人 设定选入标准 排除标准
生活质量测试表（适合中国 人）
采用SPSS19.0统计软件处理 ，计量资料用均数±标准差 表示，采用t检验，计数资 料用频率、百分率（%）表 示。采用χ ²检验。P<0.05 为差异有统计学意义。
Result1
两组对比氧疗依从性 实验组的依从性明显大于对 照组
Result2
动脉血气分析值 PaO2:氧分压 PaCO2:二氧化碳分压 SPO2:血氧饱和度 干预前：血气分析差别P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。 干预后：实验组血气分析与之前相比差别小。对照组动脉血气中PaO2与SPO2低 于出院前；PaCO2高于出院前。并且P<0.05,差异是有统计学意义的。
• ESCA自我护理能力测定量表，用来评价患者自我护理能力，该量表包括4个 项目43个条目，健康知识水平、自我责任感、自我概念、自我护理技能、分 值越高，自我护理能力越强。
• 实验组的自我护理能力明显高于对照组，并且P<0.05，差异有统计学意义
Result5
使用的适合中国人的生活质量评估表从八个方面：生理功能、生理作用、身体 疾病、一般情况、社会功能、能量、心理健康、情感功能，进行评分，评分越 高，生活质量越高。 生活质量分数两组中，实验组明显高于对照组，并且P<0.05，差异有统计学意 义。
主要内容
Background Objective and methods Results Discussion Conclusions Thoughts
Background
COPD 在肺部疾病死因中居第 一 对生理与心理都有消极 影响 影响生活质量
Background
对于稳定期COPD病人，长期氧疗是 一种基本的治疗方法。它可以限制 组织与器官的缺氧，减慢肺功能的 恶化。 有研究表明有64.7%的病人缺乏知识 与家庭照护服务。 有研究表明通过网络通信，延续性 护理提供家庭慢性病控制与照护服 务。 该研究是将延续性护理应用于稳定 期COPD病人家庭氧疗，是COPD患者 家庭照护的一种新方法。