研究生英语翻译 Unit 20 Culture Shock
高级英语读写译教程翻译及答案讲解
Unit OneSection AThe Green Banana 参考译文青香蕉[1] 我与青香蕉的邂逅始于巴西内地一条陡峭的山路上，尽管这样的事也可能发生在其它任何地方。
正当我的老掉牙的吉普车吃力地爬着坡，穿过风景迷人的乡野时，车子散热器开始漏水了，而那里距最近的修理铺有十英里路。
发动机温度太高，逼得我在下一个村庄边把车停下。
村里有一家小店和零散的一些房屋。
人们过来围观。
三股细细的热水从散热器外壳的漏洞喷出。
“这好修理，”一个男人说。
他叫一男孩跑去拿几根青香蕉来。
这人拍着我的肩膀要我相信一切都会解决的。
“青香蕉，”他微笑着说。
周围的人表示赞同。
[2] 我们互相寒暄的同时，我琢磨着青香蕉能会有什么用。
要是追问的话就显得我无知。
所以我就评论起这一带的美景了。
巨大的岩石构造像里约热内卢的糖塔山一样耸立在我们的周围。
“你看见那边那块高高的岩石了吗？”这位要帮我忙的男人指着一座细长高耸的黑色岩块的尖顶问道。
“那块岩石标志着世界的中心。
”[3] 我看着他，想知道他是否在开我玩笑，但他满脸严肃的表情。
这时他也仔细地盯着我，看我是否理解了他那话的含义。
此时此刻需要我做出认可的表示。
“世界的中心？”我重复着。
尽管我不是全然相信，仍竭力表示出我很感兴趣。
他点点头，“绝对是中心。
这一带，人人皆知。
”[4] 这时一个男孩拿着为我摘的青香蕉回来了。
那个人把香蕉掰成两半，把断面压在散热器的外壳上。
香蕉碰在热金属上后，化成了胶状物，立即就把漏洞堵住了。
所有人都被我惊讶的神态逗乐了。
他们重新灌满了我的散热器，并给我了一些备用的香蕉带上。
路上我又用青香蕉堵了一次。
一小时后，我和我的散热器到达了目的地。
当地的机修工笑着对我说：“谁教你用青香蕉的？”我说出了那个村子。
”“他们让你看标志着世界中心的那块岩石了吗？”他问道。
我作了肯定的回答。
“我的爷爷是那儿人。
”他说，“那儿是正中心，这一带的所有人都知道。
”[5] 作为美国高等教育的产物，我还从未对青香蕉发生过一丁点儿兴趣，只不过把它作为一种成熟时机未到的水果。
Unit+2+Culture+shock单词课件 九年级英语下册
eg.起初美国对我来说是一个巨大的文化冲击。 At first American was a big culture shock for me.
2. camp n.度假营
summer camp 夏令营 go camping 去野营
4. turkey n. 火鸡 Nhomakorabea. International 国际的
6.不要害怕承认错误。 Don't be afraid to admit to mistakes. 7.他被一所大学录取了。He was admitted to a university.
7. spare adj.空闲的 备用的；spare room/key 备用房间/钥匙
in one’s spare time 在某人的空闲时间 =in one’s free / leisure time
admission n. 承认；入场费；录用 admittedly adv. 诚然，无可否认(常置于句首)
admit to sth./(doing) sth. 承认（做）了某事 admit doing sth 承认做过某事 admit that 从句 be admitted to… 被接收(加入)一个组织或者团队
Unit 2 Culture shock
Words
1. culture shock n.文化冲击；
culture cultural
n. 文化 adj.文化的
传统/民间/大众文化 traditional/ folk/ mass culture
文化交流/遗产
cultural exchange/heritage
1. Success comes after many __f_a_il_u_r_es____ (failure). Sometimes you will __f_a_il__. But you will never be a _f_a_il_u_r_e _____ unless you stop trying. 2.Though Jack __h_a_s_fa_i_le_d____ many times, he never gives
Unit2_Culture_Shock_1文化冲击解析
Hospitality
What’s the problem?
The Chinese student felt disappointed at British hospitality because she used the Chinese way of showing hospitality to judge the British one. If the story taking place in China, the westerner couldn't imagine that there should be sixteen dishes prepared for her. When she ate from the eight cold dishes, she couldn't eat anymore. It is because a Western meal normally severs one main course plus a starter and sweets or desserts. The fact is that different people in the world show their different hospitality in different ways.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Politeness
Politeness refers to the consideration for others, tact, and observance of accepted social usage. 礼貌指的是为他人着 想、老练、遵守被 接受的社会规范。
Politeness
Some Chinese Students’ Views on Western Politeness: Foreigners never pretend to be modest. They just tell others what they think. If a Chinese person is faced with the same situation, maybe he or she would say, “ I'm sorry. The restaurant is a little bit small and the dishes are just so-so, but I hope you'll enjoy yourself.” When guests are to leave, the foreign hosts don't accompany guests to the gate upon leaving-taking. This happens because the foreigners are simply following their own cultural customs. If a Chinese host does like this, he will be considered a person with bad manners or no training and education.
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1: Cultural DifferencesText A: Understanding Cultural DifferencesPart ICulture Shock and Its EffectsCulture shock refers to the feeling of disorientation and confusion that individuals experience when living in a new cultural environment. It occurs when people are suddenly confronted with unfamiliar customs, traditions, languages, and behaviors that differ from those of their own culture.The effects of culture shock vary from person to person. Some individuals may feel anxious, lonely, or even depressed. Others may become frustrated or irritated by the differences they encounter. These symptoms can have a significant impact on individuals' mental and emotional well-being, making it crucial to develop strategies to cope with culture shock effectively.Part IIAdapting to a New CultureAdapting to a new culture requires an open mind and a willingness to learn and embrace new customs and traditions. It is essential to approach cultural differences with respect and curiosity, avoiding making hasty judgments or stereotypes.Language is often a significant barrier when adapting to a new culture. Learning the local language can greatly enhance communication andunderstanding, enabling individuals to connect with the local community and build meaningful relationships.Part IIIThe Importance of Cultural SensitivityDeveloping cultural sensitivity is vital in today's interconnected world. It involves being aware of and respectful towards cultural differences and understanding that there is no absolute right or wrong. By adopting a culturally sensitive mindset, individuals can navigate cross-cultural interactions more successfully and avoid misunderstandings or conflicts.Cultural sensitivity also plays a crucial role in global business and diplomatic relations. Being knowledgeable about cultural norms and practices can help individuals build trust and establish long-lasting partnerships.Part IVTips for Overcoming Culture Shock1. Seek support: Reach out to friends, family, or support groups who have experience living in the same or a similar culture. They can offer guidance and advice on how to cope with culture shock.2. Embrace new experiences: Rather than shying away from new customs and traditions, actively participate and embrace them. This can help foster a sense of belonging and facilitate cultural integration.3. Be patient: Adapting to a new culture takes time and effort. Be patient with yourself and others, and remember that adjusting to a new environment is a gradual process.Text B: Cultural Differences in EducationPart IThe Role of Education in Different CulturesEducation plays a central role in shaping individuals and societies. However, the goals and methods of education vary significantly across cultures. In some cultures, rote memorization and obedience to authority are emphasized, while others focus on critical thinking and creativity.Part IIViews on Teaching and LearningDifferent cultures hold diverse perspectives on teaching and learning. In some cultures, the teacher is viewed as the sole authority figure and imparts knowledge to passive students. In contrast, other cultures emphasize student participation and encourage critical thinking and independent learning.Part IIIClassroom DynamicsCultural differences also manifest in classroom dynamics. In some cultures, students are encouraged to speak up, ask questions, and engage in lively discussions. In contrast, other cultures value silence and respect for authority, where students listen attentively to the teacher without interrupting or challenging their views.Part IVEducation and Social MobilityThe role of education in social mobility varies across cultures. In some societies, education is seen as the primary means to improve one's social status and economic opportunities. In contrast, in more collectivist cultures, the emphasis may be on maintaining societal harmony rather than individual achievement.Text A Translation: 《理解文化差异》第一部分文化冲击及其影响文化冲击指的是个体在新的文化环境中所体验到的迷失和困惑感。
Unit2_Culture_Shock_1文化冲击
Case studies
The Key to the Question: Guests to a Chinese family will never be allowed to do any housework. This is one of the ways the host and hostess show their hospitality. Even if the guests offer to cook a dish, the host or the hostess should stay around them and offer help whenever can. It is even harder to imagine that they would let their guests clear the table and do the dishes, though the guests should always volunteer help. Shao Bin’s meal at a British family sets a great contrast to her Chinese experience. This is why Shao Bin got angry. What she should do is to avoid a hasty conclusion. She should first observe the situation without judgment. And then analyze the situation using what she knows about the differences between Chinese and British culture.
Unit 20 Culture Shock 文化冲击(精品文档)
Unit 20 Culture ShockKalvero Oberg1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.文化冲击又叫人们移居国外的职业病。
像大多数小病一样，它也有自己的症状和治疗方法。
2 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations* when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.文化冲击是焦虑产生的，这种焦虑是由于丧失了指导我们进行社交的熟悉的信号和符号。
研究生精读教程(第三版)PPT下册Unit 6 Culture Shock
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This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles.
《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下)
中国人民大学出版社
［1］Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted* abroad. Like most ailments*, it has its own symptoms and cure.
1. transplant v. move, relocate移居；移植 2. ailment n. an illness, esp. one that is not serious疾病(尤指
不严重的小毛病)
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Translation
［2］Culture shock is precipitated* by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse*.
跨文化复习范围
跨文化视听说复习范围名词解释(20考10)1.culture shocka condition of disorientation affecting someone who is suddenly exposed to an unfamiliar culture or way of life or set of attitudes.2. context(1)discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation.(2)the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event.3. acculturationthe adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture.4. territorialitythe behavior of a male animal, human or country that defines and defends its territory.5. feedbackresponse to an inquiry or experiment.6. kinesicsKinesics is the interpretation of body language such as facial expressions and gestures — or, more formally, non-verbal behavior related to movement, either of any part of the body or the body as a whole.7. ethnocentrismbelief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group.8. time systemswo lijiewei jisuanjichenxuxitong de yigebufen yongyu shijian de jiliang he shiyong.9. encoding(1)the activity of converting from plain text into code.(2)the process of amino acids in accordance with the order of the genes are given specific constitute to peptide or protein.(major noun in biology,by myself^^)10. connotationan idea that is implied or suggested.11. languagea systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols.12. affect displaysIn psychology, affect display or affective display is a subject's externally displayed affect.13. stereotypea conventional or formulaic conception or image.14. low-contextA low-context communication is just the opposition, the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code.15. nonverbal communicationNonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless (mostly visual) cues between people.16.uncertainty avoidance"a society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity". It reflects the extent to which members of a society attempt to cope with anxiety by minimizing uncertainty.17. identity conflictshenfen chongtu, what’s mean?18. polychronic time systemduochong shijian xitong?19. time orientationsTime orientation can be divided into three kinds of human time orientation can be divided into threekinds:past-orientation,present-oriented and future-oriented.20. monochronic time systemdanyi shijian xitong?对错判断(20考10)1. Culture is often compared to an iceberg, suggesting that most of it is concealed while a small part of it lies visible.文化常被比作一座冰山，这表明它大部分是隐蔽的，而一小部分是可见的。
研究生综合英语 听力原文
National SymbolsWhen many people in the west think of China, the animal that they think of is the dragon. For them, the dragon is an aggressive monster that breathes fire. Many popular legends tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens.For Chinese people however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It’s a cultural and spiritual symbol for prosperity and good luck. The dragon’s main task is to create harmony and bring rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and architecture, and of course the dragon dance is a very popular ritual. Millions of Chinese have the word “long”, meaning dragon, as part of their name s.China isn’t the only country to have the dragon as its symbol. Wales, one of the four countries in the UK, has a red dragon proudly displayed on its flag. The only other country in the world with a dragon on its flag is Bhutan, the tiny country between China and India.Almost all countries in the world have an animal symbol to represent their country, and it is particularly obvious during sports. The English see lions as brave, proud animals and the England football team have three lions on the front of their football shirts.Australia is famous for kangaroos, of course. The national rugby team is more commonly known as the Wallabies, a kind of small kangaroo. Similarly, the South African team are known as the Springboks, a type of African antelope, and the New Zealanders, whether playing sports or not, are commonly known as Kiwis. A kiwi is a native New Zealand bird that can’t fly.All countries are proud of their symbols, which they feel reflect national characteristics or the beauty and variety of their natural environments. Recently, a Shanghai professor claimed that using the dragon as a national symbol could make western countries have a negative view of China. But in an internet survey 90% of Chinese people wanted to keep the dragon, and as we are all familiar with that Chinese symbol, people in the west would no doubt want China to keep the dragon too.Culture Shock(Terry Joyce talks about her experience of living and working in England, where she has been for the past eleven years.)Interviewer: So, Terry. You have been in England for quite a long time now.Terry: Mmm.Interviewer: What differences do you notice between England and the United States?Terry:Obviously the biggest difference is the people. The average Englishman is…mmm…cold and not very open.Interviewer: Oh.Terry: In the United States it’s very different. We start conversations with people in the street, in the subway; we’re a lot more outgoing than people here. You know, when I first came, I couldn’t understand why I was getting so little reaction from people, but now I see that they thought I was overpowering and too friendly too soon.Interviewer: But, tell me: Does the Englishman improves as you get to know him?Terry: Oh, yes.Interviewer: Oh, good.Terry: Once you have made a friend, it’s a friend for life, but it takes a very long time. I’ll tell you something that I think is very important. An Englishman in America is respected. Everyonewants to talk to him. We’re inquisitive. We love his accent and his country.But Americans in England are thought to be a little inferior because of their loud behavior and their language.One thing I’ve learned is that English people like a certain distance. When I was talking to someone, he would move away, you know, move backwards, and I thought. “Do I smell? AmI boring him?”The reason is, you see, Americans stand closer when they’re talking whileEnglish people like a certain distance.Journey to the WestWhat do you get when you combine a 16th century work of Chinese literature, a renowned Chinese theatre director and a British rock star?The result is Monkey: Journey to the West, a show which blends acrobatics（杂技）, music, animation（动画片）and martial arts to tell the story of Sun Wukong and his travelling companions on their journey of redemption.Performed in Mandarin to sell-out crowds in London’s Theatre Royal last week, the show is a stage adaptation of the famous Chinese novel Journey to the West.“An unclassifiable extravaganza（盛事）” was how The Guardian described the show, while another reviewer said it was a performance that “left no genre untouched and whose scale of ambition could only be marveled at.”Indeed, for director Chen Shi-zheng, bringing the wildly imaginative Chinese tale to a 21st century western audience was a creative challenge that allowed him and his team to mix together a wide range of influences.The score was composed by British musician Damon Albarn, lead singer of Blur and co-creator of the virtual cartoon band Gorillaz. It is played by an orchestra that uses both western instruments and the traditional Chinese pipa（琵琶）, guzheng（古筝）and zhongruan（中软）.Another aspect which makes this show stand out is the use of animation, which is projected onto a large screen behind the stage. Director Chen said “the integration of animation and sound was reall y a work of genius.”The Monkey King, as Sun Wukong is known in English, as well as Pigsy, Sandy and a host of other characters and monsters are brought to life by 40 acrobats from the Dalian circus (马戏)troupe（剧团）.Even though The Monkey King is less well-known outside North-East Asia, many British people fondly remember a cult 1970s TV series called Monkey.And this isn’t the last B ritish people will be seeing of The Monkey King this summer.TwoFinancial aids awarded in the universityThis is VOA special English education report.This week in our foreign student series, we look at financial aid that comes in ships: scholarships, fellowships and assistantships.But first we talk about financial aid of another kind: a grant, unlike a loan, does not have to be repaid.One of our examples this week is the university of Missouri-Columbia, known as Mizzou (pronounced mah-zoo). Mizzou is a public university with more than one thousand five hundred international students this school year. The total student population is more than thirty thousand.Mizzou has a grant program for international students. The curator’s grant-in-aid program is for those who get good grades and take part in university activities. Graduate students who receive a grant get nine free credits to take courses. Undergraduates receive between one thousand and five thousand dollars in support. Students must have attended Mizzou for a year before they can receive a grant. And thy must reapply for the awards each semester.Some grants are called scholarships or fellowships. Scholarships are for undergraduates; fellowships are for graduate students. Awards may be based on financial need or on grades, talents or other requirements. The Global Heritage Scholarship at Mizzou, for example, is only for international undergraduates whose mother or father graduated from there. The scholarship pays seven thousand five hundred dollars a year for tuition. Full tuition is currently almost nineteen thousand dollars. Tuition is about the same at another public university, the University of Arizona in Tucson. It offers an undergraduate scholarship for international students who earned high marks in high school. The program is open to all foreign students who have been admitted to the university. Winners receive between two thousand and ten thousand dollars a year to help pay tuition.Seventy international students are currently receiving the scholarship. The University of Arizona has more than two thousand international students this academic year. The school had close to forty thousand students during the fall term.Assistantships are jobs paid with money or free classes. Graduate assistants help professors for about twenty hours a week. They may teach undergraduates, graduate papers and tests, and assist with research.And that’s the VOA special English education report, written by Nancy Steinbach. The earlier reports in our Foreign Student series are at . I’m Steve Ember.CNN hero of the year: Liz McCartneyAnderson cooper interviews Liz McCartney, who was named CNN hero of the year for her work with Katrina victims.A: CNN hero of the year is Liz McCartney. Do you feel like a hero?L: No, I mean I’m not surrounded by amazing people every single day, Anderson. Peopl e who are really, really strong and amazingly hardworking, so I don’t, I mean I think this award is again, really attributed to everyone’s efforts.A: What do you think people in St. Bernard Parish are gonna think when they, when they see this and hear that you won?L: Well, I, I hope they are honored, you know, this award is really about them and their families and communities and getting them back to where they were before the storm. When you are in an area where people have suffered so much loss, you rea lize what’s really important and what’s really important is family, and homes and communities.A: Do you think this is reminder to a lot of folks those of, that there is still a lot of work that needs to be done there?L: I surely hope so; I hope the message is loud and clear, that while we are making a lot of progress thanks to all the help that we’ve received, there is still a long way to go. What I like to do tonight is to delicate this award to everybody in the New Orleans area that was affected by this storm.A: What is it being like being her on this night, I mean, you have celebrities, you know talking about you and this crowd and your picture being taken, is it surreal?L: It’s totally weird, you know, I mean I am used to, like, walking around in jeans and T-shirts.A: All of our heroes got 25,000 dollars, you are the CNN hero the year of the award, there’s an additional 100,000 dollars. Do you know what you plan to do with the money?L: Oh, absolutely, we are rebuilding another ten families’ h omes, with that money, yeah, soit’s going to right back into community.Intention/IntentGareth Rees answers:Hello Babak. Thank you for your question about intent and intention. Both words are nouns that come from the verb intend, which means to have something in mind as a plan or purpose.In terms of meaning, there is little difference between these two nouns. They both mean a plan, or purpose, to do something. However, there is a difference in the way we use the words. Intent is used in more formal situations, such as in legal contexts, whereas intention is used in a wide range of situations; it is a more everyday word. Also, in grammatical terms, intent is an uncountable noun and intention is a countable noun. So, for example, in a newspaper report about a court case you might read he was carrying a gun with intent to commit a bank robbery. Whereas, in a conversation with a friend, someone might say I went to the bank with the intention of opening a bank account, but I forgot to ta ke my passport, so I couldn’t even do that.There is one other important difference. Intent is also an adjective, but intention is only a noun. If you are intent on doing something, you are determined to do something. For example, she was intent on becoming an actress, as she went to drama school even though it was against her parents’ wishes.So, my intention was to answer your question, and I hope, Babak, that I’ve managed to that.ThreeFreshers’ WeekFreshers’ Week at universities can be a nerve-wracking experience.The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, it can be overwhelming and sometimes confusing.October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called Freshers’ Week for their newcomers. It’s a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and settle into university life.However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be nerve-wracking. Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you worrying about starting their university social life on the right foot. So just take it all in slowly. Don’t rush into anything that you’ll regret for the next three years.Here are some top tips from past students on how to survive Freshers’Week:●Blend in. Make sure you are aware of British social etiquette. Have a fewwine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends.●Be hospitable. Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you ahead start in making friends.●Be sociable. The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet newpeople than if you’re someone who never leaves their room.●Bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you’re in and that sendspositive messages to your neighbors that you’re friendly.So with a bit of clever planning and motivation, Freshers’Week can give you agreat start to your university life and soon you’ll be passing on your wisdom to next year’s new recruits.A Dialogue between a Teacher and a StudentDr Richardson: Enter, please.David Simons: Good afternoon, Dr Richardson.Dr Richardson: Good afternoon. You’re David Simons, is that right?David Simons: Yes. I’ve an appointment to talk about the course requirements with you.Dr Richardson:Fine. Now why don’t you take a seat over there and I’ll just get some details from you. First, can I have your home address and your student number?David Simons: That’s 15 Market Avenue, Hornsby and my student number is C97H85.Dr Richardson: OK. Now I see here that you’ve already completed 18 credit points, but that you haven’t done the Screen Studies course which is normally a prerequisite for this course. Why is that, David?David Simons:Oh, the course coordinator gave me an exemption because I’ve worked for a couple of years in the movie and television business and they considered my practical experience fulfilled the same requirements.Dr Richardson: Fine. Shall we go over the course requirements first, and then you can bring up any queries or problems you might have. It might be most useful to start with a few dates. The final examination will be in the last week of June, that’s the week of the 23rd. but the final date hasn’t been set. It should be the 25th or the 20th, but you don’t have to worry about that yet. Before that, as you can see in your study guide, there are three essay assignments and some set exercises. I’ll deal with these first. These set exercises are concerned with defining concepts and key terms. They do have fixed answers not in the wording but in the content. To that extent they are quite mechanical, and provide an opportunity for you to do very well as long as your answers are very specific and clear.David Simons: Yes, I see there are about twenty terms here. How long should the answers be?Dr Richarson: You shouldn’t exceed 250 words for each term.David Simons: Right. That looks easy enough. And the third assignment seems fairly straightforward too. Just a journalistic type review of a recent development in television. It’s not so different from what I’ve done in my work.Dr Richarson: Yes, it should be fairly easy for you, but don’t exceed 1,000 words on that one. Essays 1 and 2 are the long ones. The first essay should be about 2,000 words and the second 2,500 to 3,000, and the approach for both should be analytical. In the first one, your focus should be on TV and the audience, and you should primarily consider the theoretical issues, particularly in relation to trying to understand audience studies. In the second, I’ll want you to focus on analyzing television programs.David Simons: Should I concentrate on one particular type of program for that?Dr Richarson: Not necessarily. But you must be careful not to overextend yourself here. A comparison between two programs or even between two channels is fine, or a focus on one type of program, such as a particular series, works well here. David Simons:So if I wanted to look at television news programs, that would be OK?Dr Richarson: Yes, there would be no problem with that. In fact it’s quite a popular choice, and most students handle it very well.David Simons: Good. I’ll probably do that, because it’s the area I want to work in later.Campus FacilitiesHi, I am your counselor for this year. Today we will visit the facilities available to you on our campus. As students, you should take advantage of everything you have available to you.How many of you like sports? Well, I hope most of you do, because our school has great sports facilities. We have an indoor gym with state of the art equipment. First I want to tell you about our basketball facilities. There are 2 basketball courts, both are full court and open for student use. We offer basketball leagues that all students are invited to join, just sign up with a team. Usually there are games on the courts, but during the league time, only the teams are allowed to use the courts. The basketball courts are open 24 hours a day. If you want a job, you can be a referee at the games.Next, I want to tell you about the tennis facilities. We have 5 tennis courts available for student use. The tennis courts are open everyday 8 am until 10 in the evening. You should call ahead to reserve a court, because they are very popular and can often be booked weeks in advance. There are rackets and balls available for rent at the front desk of the courts.There is an Olympic size swimming pool that is open for students and the general public. There are also showers and locker rooms available. The swimming pool is open everyday 9 am until 7 in the evening. There are openings for the position of lifeguards, so if you are looking for a job in the sun, this might be good for you.There are also 2 weight rooms and a gymnastics room. The weight rooms have all the standard equipment available. Please check with the gym to see the open hours, because they vary from time to time. The gymnastics room is usually not open for individual users because there are almost always classes held in the room. However, if you are interested, you may sign up for gymnastics classes. Plus if you like martial arts and boxing, we offer classes for everyone, from beginners to advanced students. Please check the schedule for availability. There is everything available from Chinese Wushu to Brazilian wrestling.I will talk for a brief moment about our library system. Our campus has 3 libraries available to undergraduate students, one additional graduate library, and one faculty library. The libraries are open daily until midnight, except for during testing periods, when the libraries will be open 24 hours. Please look on a map to see where the libraries are located. All students with a valid ID can check out books, with amaximum of 10 books at a time. Books can be checked out for a 2 weeks period, and then renewed for a one month maximum. After that, there is a 1$ fine per week that the book is overdue. I will repeat that…There is a hefty one dollar fine per week! So it is a good idea to return books on time. If you lose a book, then you will have to repay the library for it, plus a fine. If you damage a book, most likely you will have to repay the value of the book. So please, enjoy the library facilities, but take care of the school’s belongings. The library is also equipped with 200 computers for student use. They are all internet ready and available for use. You must sign up at the library for 1 hour timeslots. You may sign up for up to 3 consecutive slots at a time. No one can use the computers without first signing in at the library.That is it for now. Thank you for your attention.FourHomecoming SceneRoommate:Why are there so many people in the hall today? I bet even the youngest of them gotta(be going to) be over 60.May: They are schoolmates of our university. There is a reunion of our university. Roommate: Look, May, the man in grey suit looks like the mayor of our city.May: That’s him. He graduated from our university. And there are also other important people here: scientists, researchers, engineers, managers, etc.Roommate: Really? I hear that the statue besides our school gate is donated by them.May: Yes, I know that. They have given lots of money to our university.Roommate: Why?May: They graduated from this university and have become very successful people. And they feel very grateful to their university.Roommate: I feel more grateful to my teachers than to my school.May: You are lucky to have good teachers in a good school.Roommate: Year, maybe I would come back with my boyfriend to this school when we are old.After all, it’s the place where we first met each other.May: Look at those three couples; they must have been classmates in our university. Roommate: How do you know that?May: Because they come back together and only the graduates of this university are invited. Roommate: You are right. But what are we here for?May: We will serve them tea and snacks. Come on, we must work now.Oscar NightReporter: It was a political night from the very start and that suited host Jon Stewart just fine. Jon Stewart:I do have some sad news to report, eh, Bjork cou ldn’t be here tonight. She was trying on her Oscar dress and Dick Cheney shot her.Reporter: George Clooney continued the theme and accepted the first award of the night for Best Supporting Actor. He answered criticism that liberal Hollywood is out of touch with America. George Clooney: This academy, this group of people, gave Hattie McDaniel an Oscar in 1939, when blacks were still sitting in the backs of the theaters. I am proud to be a part of this academy.Reporter: A very pregnant Rachel Weisz took home the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. She thanked John le Carre for writing The Constant Gardener.Rachel Weisz: He really paid tribute to, to the people who are willing to risk their own lives to fight injustice.Reporter: The Penguins took the documentary prize. Robert Altman was honored and a rap song won the Oscar for Best Song.Jon Stewart: By the way, for those of you who are keeping score at home, I just wanna (want to) make something very clear, Martin Scorsese: zero Oscars. Three Six Mafia: one. Reporter: One Oscar too for Best Actor Philip Seymour Hoffman.Philip Seymour Hoffman: Be proud, Mom. I am proud of you, and we are here tonight. It’s so good. Thank you.Reporter: Reese Witherspoon was proud to take home the Oscar for Best Actress.Reese Witherspoon:I don’t know what this means, you know, I am jus t trying to matter and livea good life.Reporter: As expected, Ang Lee was awarded with an Oscar for Best Director for Brokeback Mountain.Ang Lee: “Wow, I wish I know how to quit you. Hah...”Reporter: In an ending worthy of Hollywood, the Oscar for Best Picture went to Crash. John Stewart will also likely be considered an Oscar winner. In a serious year he made Hollywood laugh at itself.Karl Debol. ABC News, Hollywood.Sports Fans, US Businesses Await “Sup er Bowl Sunday”“Super Bowl Sunday” is virtually a holiday in the United States. Not an official holiday, of course, but many activities around the country will come to a halt when American-style football’s championship contest begins in southern Florida.This year the Super Bowl pits the Indianapolis Colts against the Chicago Bears. Over the past 40 years, the game has become an important part of the American sports calendar ... a time to get together with friends and neighbors ... and a big shopping event.Millions of Americans—more than ever before, according to a recent poll—will be watching the big game in restaurants or bars, or hosting Super Bowl parties. And well over a million consumers are buying home entertainment centers, and other accessories to enhance their viewing of the big game.It all adds up to a huge payday: the National Retail Federation says nearly 9 billion dollars will be spent on Super Bowl-related purchases.The Super Bowl is no longer an exclusively American event. Last year, an estimated one billion people around the world tuned in to watch the game.Taking advantage of cutting-edge technology, this year’s Sup er Bowl will be broadcast in HD—high-definition—format TV.Chuck Sanders, a manager at Best Buy, a big electronics store in Washington explains, “HD is generally a higher-definition signal versus a standard signal. Basically, you’ll get a brighter, sharper picture than you would with a standard picture coming in the house.”And the best way to get the full effect of HD broadcasts is to watch them on high definition television sets—the bigger, the better, and preferably a flat-screen model.Salesmen like Abbey Giewa, at a Microcenter electronics store in the Washington suburbs, are expecting a big rise in HDTV sales,“Absolutely, because right now, (the shoppers are saying,) I want to share that experience with my family and friends. I want to have that big-screen TV,” heexplains. “I want to be the one to host the Super Bowl party.”Sanders adds, “It’s an opportunity for everyone to entertain. So there are more people coming in looking for TVs versus any other time of the year.”Since the 1960s when the Super Bowl began, the game also has become a media event, featuring new commercials and a lavish half-time show with top names in entertainment.So even if the football match turns out to be a dud, television viewers—especially those with HDTV equipment—can still enjoy the other attractions that make this Sunday really super.FiveJob InterviewInterviewer: What made you decide on this type of occupation?Applicant: Oh, to tell you the truth, I love the sky. When I was a child, I imagined flying into the blue sky some day. Now, I think the day has come. My dream will come true. And I like travelling very much and I enjoy working with people.Interviewer: Can you make yourself understood in English without too much difficulty? Applicant: Yes, I think I am quite fluent in English. I got the certificate of the Secondary English Training last month.Interviewer: Do you know what the responsibilities are for a stewardess?Applicant: The main responsibility of the stewardess is to make the passengers relaxed and happy during the flight. And good service is also important.Interviewer: Are you in good health?Applicant: I just had a complete physical examination and I am in top condition.Interviewer: Have you had any nursing experience?Applicant: Yes, I have two years of nursing experience, and now I am working as a nurse in a hospital.Interviewer: How tall are you? What about your eyesight?Applicant:My height is one meter and sixty-eight centimeters. I’ve never had any vision problems.Interviewer: What would you say are your strengths and weaknesses?Applicant: One of my strengths is my friendliness and open-minded attitude and also I think I have a warm personality. But sometimes, I find it is hard to tell others when I don’t like what they are doing.Interviewer:If a passenger can’t understand wh at you say, what should you do?Applicant:I’ll try to speak in another language or I’ll try my best to use gestures and draw pictures.Job HuntingKelly: So, have you found a job yet?Josh: No, but, I have a few leads, so things are looking up.Kelly:But isn’t that what you always say?Josh: Well . . . uh . . . this time is different.Kelly: What are you looking for this time then?Josh: Actually, I want to work for a web hosting company.Kelly: What would you do there?。
文化冲击_culture_shock
4. Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression”. This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression”. This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and
Main Idea
The first stage of culture-shock adjustment is “the honeymoon”.
随 笔 阅读技巧
Practice
课文
自测
Back
3. Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is “the hostility stage”. You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don’t treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired. (Para. 3) Main Idea The second stage of culture shock, “the hostility stage”, eventually occurs.
研究生英语综合下册第四单元课文翻译
第一组：Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols intercourse. These signs are the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life:when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.人们远离了熟悉的符号和社会交往的信号之后感到焦虑，由此产生了文化休克。
这些符号在日常生活中有许多自我定位的表现形式：当我们见到人们时，何时握手并且说什么；何时并且如何给小费，怎样给雇员下达命令，怎样买东西，何时接受和拒绝邀请，何时认真或者不认真对待声明。
这些符号形式多样，指导着我们应对日常生活中的各种情况：与人见面忽略These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are aquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which are unconsciously learned. 规则我们在成长过程中所了解的这些符号，比如言语、手势、面部表情和习俗，是我们成长过程中获得的，都是文化中的一部分如我们所讲的语言和所接受的信仰一样。
硕士英语综合教程1课文翻译和课后答案 交大版
硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案）目录Unit 1Low Carbon Economy(1)Unit 2A Harmonious Society(12)Unit 3Culture Shock(20)Unit 4Artificial Intelligence(27)Unit 5Success and Happiness(34)Unit 6Urban Life(44)Unit 7Mass Media(52)Unit 8New Applications of Waste Materials(60)Unit 9Car Culture(70)Unit 10Famous Persons’ Biographies(81)Unit 11World Cultural Heritage(87)Unit 12Wisdom and Beliefs(96)硕士英语综合教程1Unit 1 Low Carbon EconomyText A Creating a Low Carbon Economy→III. Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1. B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.(1) the result of the rapid build up of greenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities; we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a low carbon economy(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms; the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs; and the risk of abrupt and large scale climate change(4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and state ofthe art computer models paint a stark picture of what is to come(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0℃to 2.4℃2. V ocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered(6) improvident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled onb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, droughts and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so called climate sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度( 3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。
大学英语4关于Culture Shock的作文(中英)
Culture ShockIt is more common to see people from abroad travel to China to study,or work ,which may cause to us culture shock.人们从国外到中国学习或工作，这可能会对美国文化造成冲击,已经是一种常态。
One thing I find both fascinating and discouraging is the fact that there are so many people who inhabit around us and we know so little about each other,of en to the point where we are almost afraid to interact.Most of us are afraid of t he differences that different cultures bring us and the embarrassment that co mesfrom them.That is what our biases about culture shock lead to.有一件事我觉得既有趣又令人失望，那就是我们周围有那么多人，而我们对彼此却知之甚少，我们大多数人都害怕不同的文化给我们带来的差异和由此带来的尴尬，这就是我们对文化冲击的偏见所导致的。
What should we do to deal with cultural shock is not discrimination or fear .we should identify with our own culture and respect the culture of other nations.I n cultural exchanges,we should respect differences,understand personalties,liv e in harmony and jointly ptomote the prosperity of world culture.应对文化冲击，不应是歧视和恐惧，要认同自己的文化，尊重别国的文化，在文化交流中，要尊重差异，了解个性，和谐相处，共同促进世界文化的繁荣。
(完整版)大学英语4期末考试翻译
Unit 1 Topic 1: Friends一个人可能会有很多朋友，但知心朋友只有一两个。
我们把一些朋友看作是亲密的朋友，把其他的视为普通朋友。
那些对我们不忠实的人不能称为我们的朋友。
A person can have many friends but only one or two bosom friends. We regard some of our friends as our intimate friends, and others as ordinary friends. Those who are unfaithful to us can’t be called our friends.好朋友是真正的朋友，而真正的朋友是终生的朋友。
可以说朋友如同自己的左膀右臂。
首先朋友是一个你能依赖，信任和与之交谈的人。
其次朋友是一个能倾听你诉说（烦心事）的人或你能在他面前畅所欲言的人。
更重要的是朋友是一个在你身处于困境时会给你帮助的人。
正如俗话所说：患难之交见真情。
A good friend is a real friend, and a real friend is a friend for life. A friend is, as it were, a second self. First, a friend is one whom you can count on, trust and talk to. Second, a friend is someone who will listen to you when you talk about your problems or before whom you may think aloud. What is more, a friend is a person who will help you if you are in trouble. Just as the saying goes: A friend in need is a friend indeed我们应该和（心地）善良、有同情心、关心他人、诚实、体贴的人交朋友，因为他们是真诚的、可信赖的。
研究生英语第二学期期末考试翻译(ppt标红部分)
Unit 11.In the race to prevent future 9/11- style attacks --- or worse --- Washington has marshaled the U.S. science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik.在防止未来的“9·11”事件式攻击—或更恶劣的攻击—的竞赛中，华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科学机构做了安排。
2.“A lot of it is securi ty theater technology designed to make you feel better, ” says Bruce Schneier, author of Beyond Fear：Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World.超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到更安全。
3.As the archive of visa applicants balloons, scans of all 10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications.随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加，对十指全部进行扫描将使身份验证更加万无一失。
4.Resembling a sleek outhouse, the $ 150,000 walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles。
这种价值15 万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的户外小屋，它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流，从衣服上吹下微量炸药粒子。
研究生英语阅读Unit7课后答案
Unit 7CulturesLearning ObjectivesAt the end of the unit, students will be able to:1.Know about some famous cultural landmarks of the world;2.Have a general understanding of cultural differences, such as marriage customs,table manners, etc.;3. show their mastery of the words and expressions concerning cultures.Part I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions: Below are the names of the world’s famous cultural landmarks. Pleasematch them with the corresponding pictures.A. PyramidB. Sydney Opera HouseC. Eiffel TowerD. ColosseumE. the Statue of LibertyF. Taji Mahal1. Eiffel Tower2. Taji Mahal3.the Statue of Liberty4. Pyramid5. Sydney opera house6. ColosseumB Directions:Certain animals are chosen as symbols because they have qualities thatstand out. In different cultures the qualities they are associated are different. The following table includes some of the names of the animals. Complete the phrases by filling the right word in the blanks and discuss with your partner about their Chinesecounterparts.mule lamb dog snail fish bee snake horsesheep fox cat lion toad goose lark1. as happy as a lark2. as cunning as a fox3. as stubborn as a mule4. as busy as a bee5. as slow as a snail6. as strong as a horse7. as ugly as a toad 8. as meek as a lamb9. as brave as a lion 10.as evil as a snake11. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 12. black sheep of the family13. lead a cat -and- dog life 14. love me, love my dogUseful Words and Expressionscultural heritage of the world 世界文化遗产cultural industries 文化产业cradle of culture 文化摇篮 culture shock 文化冲击hitch-hiking 搭乘 cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流 icon 偶像 diversity 多样性 bilateral 双边的 ink and wash painting 水墨画 local customs and practices 风土人情 native/rural/country culture 乡土文化 The big apple “大苹果”，纽约 champagne 香槟酒 cocktail 鸡尾酒 liqueur 烈酒mainstream culture 主流文化 cultural treasures 文化宝藏 brain drain 人才外流 oriental 东方的 Confucius Institute 孔子学院 Collectivism 集体主义 filial piety 孝道 frugality 节俭 egalitarian平等主义 money-orientated 金钱至上的 ethnic 种族的，人种的 exotic 异国的，外来的，异国情调的 Part II Listening1. Quotes about the United KingdomRead the new words below before listening.Directions:You will hear a number of quotes from people across the globe on their perceptions of the UK according to a survey commissioned by the British Council. Listen and match column A with key words in column B.COLUMN A COLUMN B1. ITALY ( e ) a. quality education2. HUNGARY ( b ) b. self-irony3. HONG KONG ( g ) c. heritage4. JAPAN ( h ) d. limited5. KENYA ( a ) e. liveliness and people’s open-mindedness6. BANGLADESH ( c ) f. innovative trends in music7. KOREA ( k ) g. drunk8. GREECE ( f ) h. discrimination and government.9. MEXICO ( d ) i. soccer10. NIGERIA ( j ) j. high quality products11. SAUDI ARABIA ( i ) k. royal family and democracyTapescriptQuotes about the United Kingdomby British CouncilA survey commissioned by the British Council gave rise to a number of quotes from people across the globe on their perceptions of the UK.• First set of quotesUAE - When young people say about the British that he's unpleasant or old, it is an impression we have from the time when Great Britain was a great power together with Portugal.ITALY - I particularly liked the spirit, the liveliness, the people and their open-mindedness.HUNGARY - It's so fantastic that they are able to look at themselves with self-irony. I think this is exceptional. They write books and make movies that tell a negative picture about them and they show it.HONG KONG - A lot of them are drunk and cause trouble.JAPAN - There are bad points such as discrimination but also good points such as the parliamentary government.KENYA - It's believed that if you go for further education in Britain, you get quality education.THAILAND - They seem so cold in general.BANGLADESH - Heritage from Britain, technology and dynamism from the United States. SINGAPORE - The British always give me the idea of old and boring.KOREA - Underlying the British people's ideologies is their deeply rooted tradition, long history, long history of the royal family and democracy, and the class structure.GREECE - I am thinking about music. It's not by accident that the most innovative trends in music come from England.VIETNAM - UK is a small island but it has a global trading system.• Second set of quotesMEXICO - The British are limited. They don't try new things.JAPAN - British scientists are, almost manic, in particular categories. But they are doing something that really doesn't matter.CZECH REPUBLIC - Britain was the first country with a constitution, I think. So there is a real democratic tradition in Britain.SPAIN - Out of the European countries I think the closest to the US is England; but you can't separate them from Europe.SINGAPORE - They have a group of white trash, you know, skinheads. That group is very, very racist. But I think the majority is fine. In fact, I know there are some community leaders that are black.FRANCE - There are many differences between the English, the Irish and the Scottish. Irish and Scottish are much more friendly.HUNGARY - Their mistrust with strangers is also a characteristic. Usually this is said for the Germans but it is far more true for the English.NIGERIA - A British product is very high quality. You'll use it and use it until you are tired. RUSSIA - People are very involved in the life of society, politics. They are very well aware of what is going on.GERMANY - The really crazy people all come from England.SAUDI ARABIA - They don't have any famous artists. They like soccer.2. Marriage CustomsA Directions：In this section you will hear an extract from a radio talk on marriagecustoms in different parts of the world by Professor Robin Stuart. Listen to the talk andanswer the following questions..1)How do people in the West perceive courtship and marriage despite the recent growth inthe number of divorces,?They regard courtship and marriage through the eyes of a Hollywood producer.2)What is very common as far as marriage is concerned in India?Arranged marriage3) In Japan, if one of the young people involved in the arranged meeting says ‘Oh, no, Icould never marry him or her’, what will happen next?They call the whole thing off.B Direction: Listen to the talk again and fill in the blanks.In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the man’s point of view, but in fact the man is taking on a 1) great responsibility. When he takes a new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his other wives 2) presents of equal value and, although we are obviously speaking of a 3) male-dominated society, the wives often become very close and so, if there is a disagreement in the family, the husband has three or four wives to argue with 4) instead of just one.Now, most listeners, being used to the Western style of courtship and marriage, will assume this is the best system and the one with greatest chance of 5) producing a happy marriage. But pause and reflect. Marriage must always be 6) something of a gamble. Going out with somebody for six months is very different from being married to them for six years.It is true that American women, brought up in the United States, who married Africans and went to live in Africa, have sometimes found it 7) exceedingly difficult to assume the role of the wife of an African living in Africa. However, my observations have led me to believe that various forms of arranged marriage have just as much 8) chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners. TapescriptMarriage CustomsHere is an extract from a radio talk on marriage customs in different parts of the world by Professor Robin Stuart:Despite the recent growth in the number of divorces, we in the West still tend to regard courtship and marriage through the eyes of a Hollywood p roducer. For us it’s a romantic business. Boy meets girl, boy falls in love with girl, boy asks girl to marry him, girl accepts. Wedding, flowers, big celebration.But in other parts of the world things work differently. In India, for instance, arranged marriage is still very common. An intermediary, usually a married lady, learns that a young man wishes to get married and she undertakes to find him a suitable bride. The young couple meets for the first time on the day of the wedding.In Japan, too, arranged marriages still take place. But there things are organized in a different way. A girl wishes to find a husband, and the girl’s mother, or an aunt perhaps, approaches the mother of a suitable young man and the young couples are introduced. They get a chance to have a look at one another and if one of them says ‘Oh, no, I could never marry him or her,they call the whole thing off. But if they like one another, then the wedding goes ahead.In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the man’s point of view, but in fact the man is taking on a great responsibility. When he takes a new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his wives presents of equal value and, although we are obviously speaking of a male-dominated society, the wives often become very close and so, if there is a disagreement in the family, the husband has three or four wives to argue with instead of just one.Now, most listeners, being used to the Western style of courtship and marriage, will assume that this is the best system and the one with the greatest chance of producing a happy marriage. But pause and reflect. Marriage must always be something of a gamble. Going out with somebody for six months is very different from being married to them for six years.It is true that American women, brought up in the United States, who married Africans and went to live in Africa, have sometimes found it exceedingly difficult to assume the role of the wife of an African living in Africa. However, my observations have led me to believe that various forms of arranged marriage have just as much chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners.3. For Immigrants, Making Small Talk is Big DealA Directions:In this section you will hear a passage about the importance of small talk.Listen and answer the following questions.1) Why is it hard for Americans to find jobs?Because it is the recession time.2) How is Wei Fang feeling in interviews with American employers?He is uncomfortable promoting himself.3) What can make a difference in meeting potential employers in America?Knowing how to make small talk.B Directions: Listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Wei Fang, who is from the Shanghai area, is getting his MBA at Brandeis University in Boston, Massachusetts, felt 1) blind during his first few job interviews in the United States. When he was in conversation, he didn’t know 2) where to go next.This type of 3)cultural anxiety can be a real disadvantage at interview time. So the Brandeis business school 4) offers a program to help foreign students adapt to the American culture.Ndawula and Mutamba are both from 5) Africa. In their countries, people usually don't chat with strangers. If a woman approaches a man, it could seem 6) suggestive.As part of a homework assignment, Mutamba learned to start 7) talking about the weather with a stranger in a restaurant in America. After a semester's practice, she’s becoming more 8) confident conversationalist.The organizational behavior professor explained that even when workers are qualified, they can end up 9) socally incompetent if they don’t know what the norm of culture are. In Russia, the rule for appropriate behavior in a job interview are to be honest, modest and serious. In America, a 10) smile can get you a job, at least a chance.Tapescript (This is not a word for word tapescript)For Immigrants, Making Small Talk is Big DealThe foreign-born population in the United States is now at an all-time high - more than 10 percent. And while recession-time jobs are hard to come by for Americans, for those born overseas, finding a job here can be even tougher.Wei Fang, who is from the Shanghai area, is getting his MBA at Brandeis University in Boston, Massachusetts. And he's looking for a job in the United States. But he says he's uncomfortable promoting himself in interviews with American employers."In China," he explains, "the employers like the employees to be hard working and quiet. They want you speak only when they want you speak."In meeting potential employers here, knowing how to make small talk can make a big difference. But for foreign workers, promoting themselves - making small talk, "schmoozing," things Americans take for granted - can be tricky. Fang says he felt blind during his first few job interviews here."Lost, actually, when I was in the conversation. I don't know where to go next."This type of cultural anxiety can be a real disadvantage at interview time. So the Brandeis business school offers a program to help foreign students adapt to the American culture.Today is the last day of class. Students from around the world are setting up their final projects, opening laptops and taping posters to the walls. In one corner, Isaac Ndawula stops to talk with fellow student Sheila Mutamba. Her project is learning to make American-style small talk."So after all this, do you intend to take this back home?" (he asks her. She nods.)"I do, because I think small talk is very important."Ndawula is from Uganda, Mutamba from Rwanda. Both say in the part of Africa they come from, you don't get chatty with strangers. Mutamba says now, after a semester's practice, she's becoming a more confident conversationalist. But she says her first attempt at making small talk was very different."I remember that very clearly, because it was very hard. And just 'cause I'm black, I can't blush, but I was really feeling very awkward and very embarrassed," she says with a laugh.As part of a homework assignment, Mutamba says she did something an American might not think twice about. She turned to a stranger in a restaurant and started talking about the weather."So I keep trying to talk, but I have all these things in my head. I'm trying to be appropriate. I'm trying not to be nosey."Back home, she says, things are more conservative. If a woman approaches a man, it could seem suggestive.Adapting to a different set of rulesAndrew Molinksy, who created the Brandeis program, observes, "They don't know the rules. They don't know the script."The organizational behavior professor explains that even when workers are qualified, if they don't know what the norms of the culture are, they can end up looking socially incompetent. That was the case with a Russian engineer he worked with, who had 17 unsuccessful job interviews. Molinsky says she was extremely qualified, "but she kept failing on the interview, and she would get feedback that she wasn't a great fit."The rules for appropriate behavior in a traditional Russian job interview, he says, are to be honest, modest and serious. The engineer told him smiling was inappropriate."All this silly, friendly behavior," he recalls her saying, "if you smile in my culture like this, you look like a fool."But, he points out, in America, it gets you a job, or at least a chance.According to Columbia University Business School professor Michael Morris, in an increasingly global economy, all workers need to learn to manage across cultures. He says there's not much emphasis on that in the U.S. educational system, so it's something many Americans never learn how to do."Despite all the advantages, all the good luck of being born an American, having this great educational system and this affluent country, this is one disadvantage," Morris notes, suggesting we all need to catch up if we want to be global leaders.4. Table Manners and Diet CustomsA Directions:You will hear a dialogue about cultural shock. While listening for the firsttime , write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions:L isten to the dialogue again and decide whether these statements are true orfalse.1) When the man went to the host’s house, he brought a bottle of wine as a gift and theydrank together in the dinner. ( F )2) When Americans accept a gift, they almost always open the gift right away. ( T )3) American hosts are always saying “Eat some more! Take a bit more!”( F )4) Chinese hosts like to say that there is nothing here to eat, it wasn’t prepared very well andthey mean it. ( F ) 5) Since the man has been studying Chinese for a long time, he knows all the customs quite well. ( F ) TapescriptM: Last weekend, I went as a guest to a Chinese friend’s house. It was really an interesting experience! I felt a little bit of cultural shock.F: Really? So you discovered a few China and America’s different customs.M: Definitely. First, Chinese and Americans have very different ways of accepting gifts. When I went to their house, I brought a bottle of wine as a small gift. I originally thought we would drink together as we ate. So I surprised when the host put it aside and didn’t open it. I really didn’t understand but I didn’t say anything.F: You shouldn’t have worried. That’s just a way Chinese people accept gifts. It’s considered impolite to open something right when you receive it. The way Chinese people see it, opening the gift on the same occasion that you receive it seems to imply that you only want to see whether the gift is good or bad and you don’t care about the thought that your friend put into it.M: Oh really? Well I guess it was just a misunderstanding then. Americans almost always open the gift right away. Then they can say something nice to show that they like what theperson gave them.F: When you were having dinner, did they keep encouraging you to eat and drink?M: Yes! They were always saying “Eat some more! Take a bit more!” And the moment there is a bit space in my bowl, they immediately gave me another helping. That day I had 4 bowls of rice, ate I don’t know how much food. I ate so much I couldn’t walk in a straight line. In America, the host won’t urge the guest to eat and drink more. The guest just eats however much they want to eat.F: That’s just the Chinese way of being friendly and welcoming to one’s guests. For Chinese people, making sure their guest eat their fill and eat well is the most important thing.M: Also they set up this incredibly abundant table of food but then they said there is nothing here to eat, it wasn’t prepared very well and other things like that. And it seems even stranger to me. If they have prepared well, then how many dishes will they have to have?F: T hey were just being modest. Even if they had prepared more, they still would have said that. And Chinese hosts would always prepare a whole lot of dishes. Because if they are among meager selection, the host will feel that he had lost face. Preparing a huge feast is a way of showing your respect for the guest.M: Oh the Chinese customs are so complicated. I will never have understood if you haven’t told me.F: Every culture has its own particular ways of doing things though. There are some western customs that Chinese people think are hard to understand.M: I guess what I have learned is that when you study a language, you also have to understand the culture that behind it because otherwise it’s easy to create misunderstandings and miscommunications.F: I agree.Part III WatchingDirections:The extract is taken from BBC. In this extract the host will take you on a journey through the most thrilling art form of the world opera - Italian opera. Watch the video clip and answer the questions.1)When was the first opera unveiled to the delighted audience?In 1647.2)How do the Italian love opera?They love opera. It is in their blood.3)Opera is an entirely new art form in that it uses speech, songs and dance in a moreexpressive, more powerful and more emotional way.AudioscriptBewildering plots, exotic locations, foreign lyrics, spectacular music and yes, temperamental singers and conductors —— This is the world of opera. In these programmes, I will take you on a journey through the most thrilling art form of them all. One where all of human life and emotion are on display. Music fuses with words to create stories of love, betrayal, revenge, sorrow, passion, tragedy and comedy, to create the stirring and most magical world of Italian opera.The Italians love opera. It’s in their blood. In this film, I’ll be looking at four composers who shaped Italian opera, beginning a whole new art form that, 400 years later, is still thrilling audiences.The smell of the greasepaint, this is what opera is all about. I was born into this world. My father was a voice teacher, and he imbued in me a sense of theatre, the voices, the love of vocal music and just this backstage buzz just gets my blood going in a way that no other thing can. And now I’m lucky enough to have one of the to p jobs in opera- music director at the Royal Opera House in London.“Ladies and gentlemen, you have 30 minutes, please. Thank you.”Today is the dress rehearsal of Barbiere di Siviglia and I’m conducting the piece for the first time, so it’s a really bi g moment for me actually. The singers are all getting ready. The announcement has been made that I have to get down to the pit and so that’s where I’m going now.ApplauseOpera began in Italy 200 years before Rossini’s highly charged barber of Seville. A nd the man who composed its first undisputed masterpiece was Claudio Monteverdi.Monteverdi worked as courts composer at the Ducal Palace here in Mantua. He came here in 1590 at the age of 23, employed by the powerful Gonzagas to supply music to order for all kinds of occasions.This is Vincenzo Gonzaga, Monteverdi’s patron. Now here, he is royally clad in ermine and he had plenty of money for his mistresses but was obscenely in arrears when it came to paying Monteverdi for his music. Monteverdi was treated like a slave in this ducal Palace and was miserable, all the while, producing heavenly music.Monteverdi wrote a wide range of music for his employer. And the fashion at the time was for extravagant courtly entertainments, using speech, songs and dance. These were going toprovide the basis for something entirely new. In the late 1590s, a group of Florentine intellectuals got together and tried to find a way to combine music and drama. They wanted to return to the classical Greek and Roman idea of theatre, of declamation, but what they wanted to achieve with the music and this declamation was something more expressive, more powerful, and emotional. Inspired by these ideas, Monteverdi used the Greek myth of Orpheus and created one of the first examples of what was to become a new art form, opera. Orpheus himself is a singer, so of course his story fitted perfectly with the idea of having a completely sung drama. He uses his musical powers at the gates of Hades to bring his wife back from the dead. But before the story starts, there’s a prologue. Introducing his first character, the character named “music”, or the spirit of music if you l ike, perfectly shows this marriage of speech and music.There’s now real pulse in the music, it’s just free. Just a few chords, and yes, almost spoken words, recitativo, or in English, recit, that’s the shorthand we use. This sung speech was the revolutionary idea that created opera, telling a story and developing characters.In a different tempo… “Where have you come from? Where are you going?”Monteverdi successfully integrated this sung speech with songs dance and scenic effects to create a complete dramatic world. And it was unveiled in 1607 to a delighted audience in Mantua at carnival time.Part IV Oral PracticeRole Play: a dinnerDirections: You are an overseas student studying in China. Your Chinese friend invites you to his/ her home for dinner. During this visit, you found a lot of cultural differences between Chinese culture and the one you are from.Possible words from the host:—Help yourself.—Make yourself at home.—Have some more.As a foreign guest, you should try to include the following information in your talk.—the table manners and dining customs in your country—the cultural differences you have perceived since you come to ChinaEnrichment reading (略)。
(完整word版)Unit 20 Culture Shock 文化冲击
Unit 20 Culture ShockKalvero Oberg1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.文化冲击又叫人们移居国外的职业病。
像大多数小病一样，它也有自己的症状和治疗方法。
2 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations* when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.文化冲击是焦虑产生的，这种焦虑是由于丧失了指导我们进行社交的熟悉的信号和符号。
culture shock
Translate 翻译
orient: v. 使适应，按调整 （P178 line 7） *She looked at the street names, trying to orient herself. 登山者停下来以便辨别自己的 方位 orient oneself to sth. 使自己 熟悉某事 be oriented to/towards/around sth/sb 迎合某人的需要, 围绕某事 该词还可以用作名词，意为 “东方”， the Orient
First Month: Still filled with the excitement of travel and newness of food, culture and environment. Learning the language becomes a priority. Second Month: Distinguished by the awareness of differences being felt as unpleasant. Inconveniences in accommodation, not speaking the language well enough and the lack of familiarity of foods, shops, friends and surroundings are noticed. Third Month: Often the low point in the adjustment period. Language skills seem to stagnate and personal productivity drops. Nothing about the new culture seems positive. Family and friends are greatly missed.
2015年--河海大学研究生英语一-Unit-20---Culture-Shock
Unit 20 Culture ShockCulture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.文化休克或许可以称为是突然移居国外的人的一种职业病。
像大多数疾病一样，它有自己的征兆和治疗。
Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.文化休克是突发的由于失去所有我们熟悉的社会交往的标志和象征而导致的焦虑。
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Unit 20 Culture shock
1．文化冲击又叫人们移居国外的职业病。
像大多数小病一样，它也有自己的症状和治疗方法。
2．文化冲击是焦虑产生的，这种焦虑是由于丧失了指导我们进行社交的熟悉的信号和符号。
这些信号和暗示包含了许许多多使我们适应日常生活情况的方法：何时握手，当我们见到人时说什么，何时怎样给小费，怎样购物，何时接受何时拒绝邀请，何时把别人的话当真，何时不。
这些暗示也许是词语，手势，面部表情，风俗习惯或者规范，这些都是我们在成长过程中学习得来的，它们跟我们所讲的语言，所接受的信条一样，是我们文化的一部分。
我们所有人都依靠这些暗示来获得平静的心情以及高效的生活，而这些暗示的大多数并不是有意识地记住的。
3．当一个人进入一个陌生的文化，所有或大多数的暗示消失了。
他或她像是离开水的鱼。
不管你是多么心胸开阔或者充满友善，你的一系列精神支柱从你身下被抽走，随之而来的是挫败感和焦虑。
人们对焦虑的反应大都是相同的方式。
首先，他们抵制引起不适的环境。
“东道国的习俗不好，因为他们让我感到很糟糕。
”当生活在异国他乡的外国人聚到一起抱怨东道国和它的子民时，你可以确定他们正在遭受文化冲击带来的痛苦。
另一个文化冲击的阶段是回归。
家庭环境突然变得极为重要。
对外国人来说，家中的一切都被不合逻辑的美化了。
所有的困难和问题都将被遗忘，只记得家中美好的事情。
这通常需要回家一趟，才能把他们带回现实中来。
4．文化冲击的一些症状是过多的洗手，过多担心饮用水，食物，和床具；害怕亲自与服务员接触，心不在焉的眼神；无助的感觉和渴望依靠来自本国的长期居住者；因为一点点挫折大动肝火；对轻微疼痛和皮疹的担心；最后，极为渴望回家。
5．个人受文化冲击的程度大不相同。
尽管这样的现象不普遍，但确实有人不能生活在国外。
然而，那些看过人们经历文化冲击到令人满意的适应过程的人，却能辨认出该过程的各个阶段。
在最初的几个星期，大多数人都被新鲜感感到着迷。
他们待在酒店里，与讲自己国家语言的人交往，并且对外国人礼貌和善。
这个蜜月期将持续几天或者几个星期到6个月，依情况而定。
如果这个人是重要人物，他将会被安排游览胜地，受到纵容和宠爱，在新闻采访中，他会热情洋溢地谈论友善和国际友谊。
6．但是这种精神状态不会持续，如果外国造访者仍然留在国外，并且开始认真地对待真实的生活状况。
在那时，第二个阶段开始了，以对东道国敌对的，攻击挑衅的态度为特征。
这种敌对明显源自在调整过程中遭遇的真正的困难。
有房子困难，交通困难，购物困难，以及东道国人对这些困难的漠不关心的事实。
他们帮忙，但是他们不能理解你对这些困难的极度担忧。
因此，他们对于你和你的困难一定很冷淡，不同情。
结果是，“我就是不喜欢他们。
”你变得有攻击性，你和来自本国的同伴联系起来，一起评判东道国，他的方式，他的人民。
但是这些批评并不是客观的评价。
你没有尽力找出造成这些现象的环境因素和历史原因。
却认为似乎你经历的这些困难多多少少是东道国的人民为了让你不舒服而特别设置的。
7．你到本国的侨民聚居地寻求庇护，那里通常是那些充满情绪化色彩的绰号的源头，而这些绰号也已成为公式化的名称被人们广为熟知了。
这些特殊的带有攻击性色彩的速写，非常夸张地从负面行为上描述了东道国及其人民。
“贪财的美国人”，“懒散的拉美人”都是公式化名称中比较温和的例子。
文化冲击的第二阶段在某种意义上是疾病的危险期。
如果你能摆脱它，你就留下；如果不能，那么在你到达神经衰弱之前赶紧离开吧。
8．果造访者能成功的获得语言方面的知识，并且能独立解决一些困难，那么他们
开始打开通往新文化环境的路。
造访者仍然会有困难，但是他们采取“这是我的问题，我必须接受它”的态度。
通常在这个阶段造访者对东道国的人采取更加友好的态度。
他们开始发挥幽默感。
不是批评，而是拿周围的人甚至自己遇到的困难开玩笑。
他们在恢复的路上。
9．第四阶段，适应达到完善的状态。
来访者已经把这个国家的习俗当作一种生活方式接受了。
在新环境下你应对自如，没有忧虑感，尽管仍然有些社会压力感。
只有在你完全掌握社会交往中的所有准则，这些压力才会消失。
很长一段时间个人可以知道当地人在说些什么，但是不确定他们具体指什么。
在完全适应之后，你不仅接受了他们的食物，饮料，习俗，习惯，而且开始享受其中。
当你请假回家时，你甚至会带些东西回去；如果你永远地离开时，你通常会想念这个国家和你已经熟悉的人们。