英语概要写作

types 记叙文 narration
说明文 exposition
议论文 argumentation
key information
人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展+结果）
描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+ 利好”； 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题 +解决方法”； 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+ 结果”
夹叙夹议的概括
夹叙夹议文，先按照记叙文的概括方法， 然后加上作者的看法或观点，指出该 故事说明了一个什么道理或给人有什么启示或从中得出的哲理。
例2： To many people even the word “work” sounds unpleasant, not
necessarily because they are lazy. The same man, who dislikes his job in the factory or even in the office, may work hard at the weekend, painting the house or digging the garden. What is the reason, then In most case, it is because these people simply do not enjoy the job they are doing. It does not give them any real satisfaction. It may be quite easy, like making up wooden boxes, but it is very boring. Very often they are doing a job which is just a small part of a much larger one, such as attaching a door handle to a car. But the part they play in actually making the car is so small that they can never say: I have made something! Yet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is the way society is organized. No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. Society cannot function a single day without the “dull and boring” jobs.
(一)记叙文摘要的写法------要素串联法
1，寻词 摘句， 确定要
素
记叙文通常包含时间(when)、地点( where)、人物(who)、 事件(what)、起因why)、经过how)等六大要素。在阅读时 要圈定这些要素
,2，整合 信息
串联要素
列出上述要素和关键词后，需要对其进行整合，把所圈定的要素按 一定的逻辑顺序，在整合时要有所取舍，对于有助于揭示主题的主 要信息，应该全部概括;而对于主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地舍弃
2.然后用自己的话将上述要点表达出来，便是本文概要 Summary While looking for a job, the author suffered one failure after another, which made him feel very disappointed. It was his mother's encouraging words that inspired him to go on trying until he succeeded.
先通过阅读材料，找出所给材料的六要素，再按一定的逻辑关系将六要素串联起 来，组成能体现文章中心的一两句话。
如：何时（when）何地（where）谁（who）做了什么事情（what），结果怎样
（how）或为什么会这样（why）。用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不 能拖泥带水讲细节，而且最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。注意人称 和时态（ 一般原文用是什么时态，概括就用什么时态）的使用。切忌罗列细节 或掺入个人思想。
分析
1、这是一篇夹叙夹议文，概括前需找出： （1） 文章叙述了什么？ In modern society, many people’s jobs, like cleaning streets, may be boring, small and unsatisfying, but they are necessary. （2） 有什么启示？ Ordinary jobs like cleaning streets are worth respecting.
3.修正定稿 初稿完成后，要将其与
所给阅读材料核对一遍， 看原材料中的要点是否在 概要中都得到了体现，语 句间的接是否符合逻辑， 同时还需要检查句子是否 有错误，时态和语态的使 用是否正确，标点、格式、 大小写是否有误等通过细 致的修正与调整，力争使 文章在各个方面都万无失。
How to write a summary(argumentation)
英语概要写作
概要写作：
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）
词数少于40的和多余80的， 从总分中减去2分
目录 一、解题指导 二、记叙文的概要写作 三、议论文的概要写作 四、 说明文的概要写作 五、常见错误 六、评分原则
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
In one studio, a kind lady told me that big stations couldn't risk hiring an inexperienced person Go to small towns to find a small station that will give you a chance, "she suggested. So I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa The program director, Peter Macarthur, told me they had already hired an amouncer So I was refused. As I left his office, I asked aloud, "How can a fellow get to be a sports announcer if he can't get a job in a radio station? Suddenly Macarthur asked, "What did you say about sports? Do you know anything about football? " Then he let me stand before a microphone and asked me to broadcast an imaginary game. The program director was satisfied with me and I became a sports announcer the next day. Whenever I faced disappointment, my mother's words would come to my mind.
3，认真 审题，注 意表达
(1)确定人称:如果原文是第一人称，在转述时一般要改为第三人称，
(2)确定时态:记叙文以一般过去时为主。若记叙文中有作者从中得 到的“启示”或“意义”等，一般用一般现在时表达
(3)确定词数与句数:摘要要求是“以约30个单词概括“，从近两年 高考阅卷的实际来看，满分作文概括的词数在26～38个单词之间 受词数限制，概括部分一般用1～3句表达，以用2句最佳，句子过 多，要么内容累赘，要么句式过于简单，均会影响表达效果。
2、然后用自己的话将上述要点表达出来，便是本文概要。 Summary: Though many people find their jobs boring, small and unsatisfying, ordinary
(二)记叙文摘要的常用句式:
1. The writer mainly tells us... 2. The author shares his experiences 3. From the passage, we know that... 4. In the passage,
如何写好概括 记叙文的概括
(三)典题示例 : 阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括其内容要点 After graduating from college, I decided to try for a job at a radio station, and then I
would become a sports announcer, I went to Chicago and knocked on the door of every station, but got turned down every time. Seeing I was disappointed, my mother said, "Everything happens for the best. If you keep on trying, one day something good will happen. You'll realize that it wouldn't have happened if not for that previous disappointment.
[点拨]
1.这是一篇记叙文，概括前需找出 (1)谁? (the writer/author） (2)做了什么事?（failed lots of times in looking for a job） (3)結果如何?( felt very disappointed) (4)经教训 （his mother inspired him to keep on， and he succeeded at last）
论点+论据(+结论)
一篇完整的读写任务型写作，应该包括三部分，即概括、正文、结尾。
概括：文章第一段为概括段，根据阅读材料的体裁和内容，一般用一两句话，约 30个 词进行提炼归纳原材料的中心主题。
正文：这部分要根据写作内容要点来分段，一般写作内容有几个要点就分几段， 而且， 每段的主题句最好放在段首，然后用一些支撑句进行必要的拓展，即主题 句+拓展内容。
结尾：可以是总结，也可以是强调主题中心句等。
1.阅读 首先要通读全文，对
文章的体栽和大意有所 了解。阅读时要快速地 找到主题句，以便抓住 中心，理解全文。学生 还需要根据文章内容列 出一个简单的提纲，以 便在写作过程中不会遗 漏要点，总结全面。
一、解题指导
2.写出初稿 在写作过程中，学生要注意
词数要求，使用精炼的句子概 括文章的要点，可以引用所给 阅读材料的重要词语，但不可 过多，否则Fra Baidu bibliotek失去了概要的意 义;学生还需谨记:概要必须全 面、清晰地表达所给阅读材料 的信息，客观、准确地反映所 给阅读材料的真实意图，不可 随意增减内容。
1.Read -Topic , structure, key supporting sentences
2.Make an outline 3.Rewrite 4. Make it coherent 5. Revise 6. neatly copy
二，记叙文的概要写作
对记叙文进行概括时，要抓住原文的人物、事件、结果三大要素。有些记叙文的结尾有一个点题句， 表达深刻内涵或故事带给人们的启示，在写摘要时也需把故事寓意表达出来。