2018年华侨大学考博试题 英语试题
大学英语二级试题
大学英语二级试题根据所给情境写一封邮件或留言。
What’s your favorite book?Who do you think is the greatest person in history? What’s your favorite movie? Why?What’s your favorite music? Why?Who is your favorite artist or musician? Why?What’s your favorite festival? Why?What’s your favorite food? Why?What’s your favorite sport? Why?What’s your favorite city or country? Why?What’s your favorite vacation spot? Why?语言准确性和流畅性：考生能够使用正确的语法和词汇，没有明显的语言错误，并且能够流畅地表达自己的意思。
语音和语调：考生能够清晰地发音，并且能够使用适当的语调和节奏表达自己的意思。
内容和逻辑：考生能够回答问题并表达出自己的观点，并且能够合理地组织自己的思路。
互动和交流：考生能够积极与考官进行互动和交流，并且能够回答问题并表达出自己的观点。
样题：What’s your favorite book? （最喜欢的书是什么？）参考答案：My favorite book is To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. It’s a classic novel about race and justice in the American South during the 1930s, and it’s a really great story with interesting characters. （我最喜欢的书是哈珀·李的《杀死一只知更鸟》。
2018级博士生英语试卷(答)(1)
`English Final Exam for 2018 Doctoral Students(Dec. 27, 2018)Student NO.___________________ Name____________________Paper OneEnglish Writing for Biomedical PurposesPart IDirections: Choose the right one from the four choices marked A, B, C or D.1.Inconsistent with previous studies, our results from a large cohort of patients_____ this long-standing assumption.A. contrastB. compareC. reinforceD. challenge2.Patients who were receiving mechanical ventilation were considered _____ ifthey met the following modified criteria for acute lung injury or the acute respiratory distress syndrome.A. acceptableB. eligibleC. considerableD. credible3.However, results from several small studies in humans have yielded inconclusiveevidence of a beneficial _____ of ascorbic acid on lead toxicity.A. effectB. effectivenessC. affectionD. efficacy4. A _____ disease such as diabetes can affect the whole body.A. systematicB. systemicC. generalD. whole5.All tumours from AOM treated mice were _____ to histological examinationafter routine processing and haematoxylin and eosin staining.A. subjectB. subjectedC. injectedD. directed6.Serious arrhythmias are prevented whenever possible by _____ treatment ofpremonitory signs or otherwise controlled immediately after recognition byappropriate therapy.A. aggressiveB. recessiveC. abusiveD. successive7.CT scans and digital subtraction angiograms of these patients wereretrospectively reviewed by two investigators in _____ to evaluate tumor feeding vessels.A. agreementB. consentC. approvalD. consensus8.The beneficial effects of pharmacotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease (COPD) are well _____.A. elusiveB. confirmedC. establishedD. achieved9.Chemically induced colon carcinogenesis in rodents is also suppressed by _____of NSAIDs.A. treatmentB. administrationC. managementD. registration10.Thus, it _____ further investigation of whether mfat-1 expression in diseasemodels such as non-obese mice can mitigate the development of type 1 diabetes.A. elucidatesB. interpretsC. warrantsD. guarantees11.We used a _____ questionnaire to determine whether participants met theAmerican College of Rheumatology survey criteria for gout.A. supplementaryB. complimentaryC. complementaryD. sentimental12.Ubiquitinated p53 was detected _____ immunoblotting _____ the DO-1 p53antibody.A.by...withB.for...inC.with...forD.via...on13.Cells were placed _____ a 60Co Picker unit irradiator (1.56 Gy/min) andexposed _____ 8 Gy -irradiation.B.in...withC.in...toD.on...to14.Our aim was to _____ whether or not vitamin D supplementation or deficiencyin infancy could affect occurrence of type 1 diabetes.A. studyB. ascertainC. clarifyD. research15._____ intake of purine-rich vegetables or protein is not associated with anincreased risk of gout.A. IntermediateB. ModerateC. MediumD. Immediate16.We would like to express our _____ to all the interview partners at the WorldHealth Organization for their time, expertise, and confidence.A. magnitudeB. altitudeC. aptitudeD. gratitude17.Apoptosis was analyzed _____ a FACScan(Becton Dickinson) and quantified_____ percentage of annexin-V and PI-positive.A. in...asB. on...forC. on...asD. by...for18._____ primary culture, the cells were resuspended _____ Dulbecco’s modifiedEagle’s medium containing 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum and gentamicin.A.By...withB.For...inC.To...byD.At...over19.Ebola virus can spread among humans primarily through unprotected directcontact of skin or mucous membranes with blood or body fluids of a person who is ill with EVD, or the _____ of a deceased patient who had EVD.A. corpusB. corpseC. corpsD. lupus20.Treatment _____ a low dose of cadmium chloride (1 mg/kg) showed no effect onthe testis, and DAZL staining was comparable _____ control (Fig.1B).A.of...toC.at...asD.at...with21.P-gp expression was strongly induced by SJW (400% increase at 300 µg ml-1)and by HYP (700% at 3 µM) _____ a dose-dependent manner.A.onB.inC.withD.by22.Baseline ADMA levels were higher in patients who had died than in patientswho were alive at 1 year follow-up (1.23［0.98 to 1.56］_____ 0.95［0.77 to 1.20］mmol/L, p＜0.001).A.fromB. B. versusC. C. toD.D. with23.The _____ for taking this approach is clear enough.A. rationaleB. notionC. hypothesisD. explanation24.This drug contains no _____ substances and has no side effects.A. toxinB. tonicC. toxicD. poisonous25.The risk of DVT and PE were significantly _____, and were highest in the firsttwo weeks, after urinary tract infection.A. roseB. raisedC. arousedD. arose26.Data was collected in the first year of life about frequency and dose of vitamin Dsupplementation and _____ of rickets.A. prescriptionB. absenceC. presentationD. presence27.Prostacyclin (PGI2) is produced from the endothelium throughcyclooxygenase-1, and binds to specific _____ in SMCs and activates adenylate cyclase.A. receiversB. receptorsC. receiptsD. recipient28.To _____ the hypothesis, experiments involving Western blots and RNAinterference were performed.A. testifyB. verifyC. justifyD. certify29.Over the past 5 decades, the proportion of DM-associated cardiovasculardiseases has been on the rise, thus _____ the need for more efforts to aggressively control the risk factors of CVDs.urgingA. urgingB. highlightingC. pressingD. enlightening30.Children _____ of having rickets during the first year of life had a RR of3.0(1.0-9.0) compared with those without the disease.A. doubtedB. suspectedC. diagnosedD. suspended31.Curcumin, a traditional medicine, exhibits anticarcinogenic andanti-inflammatory _____.A. asperityB. propertiesC. perspectivesD. prosperity32.In this study, we aimed to examine the rate of thrombolytic therapy in youngstroke patients with and without a history of migraine. We _____ that migraine would be associated with a lower rate of thrombolytic therapy.A. hypothesizesB. speculatedC. postulatedD. stipulated33.The mechanism by which PA28 exerts these effects has not been _____.A. anticipatedB. elucidatedC. remuneratedD. eliminated34.We utilized a previously described _____ to evaluate ubiquitination (Li et al,2013).A. agendaB. programC. portfolioD. protocol35.Surgical specimens of human colon cancer and adjacent normal colon mucosatissues were taken from eight Japanese patients who had _____ surgical operations for colorectal cancers at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, and samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen.A. undertakenB. undergoneC. conductedD. performed36.It consists of 10 pages of text, 2 tables, 2 pages of ____ to figures, and 6photocopies of figures.A. legendsB. accountsC. descriptionsD. introductions37.There have been no reports ____ of rosiglitazone–associated elevations in theaminotransferase level or hepatotoxicity.A. to dateB. right nowC. for nowD. to go38.As shown in Table 1, p8 was overexpressed in 71.1% of PC and in 100% of PCcell lines, ____ it was not overexpressed in MC.A. howeverB. althoughC. whereasD. albeit39.The RT-PCR assay was repeated at least three times per each sample to confirmthe ____of the results.A. reproducibilityB. availabilityC. probabilityD. likelihood40.____ asthma, Th2 cytokines are a crucial contributing factor of allergic airwayinflammation and AHR.A. In the case ofB. In case ofC. Regardless ofD. Irrespective ofPart IIDirections: Choose the right one from the given four tenses marked A, B, C or D.ResultsZebrafish nkx2.5 Can Activate myo-2 Expression When Expressed in C. elegans Body Wall Muscle.To determine whether zebrafish nkx2.5 __46__ similarly to che-22, we __47__ nkx2.5 in C. elegans Body Wall Muscle and examined expressionof the endogenous myo-2 gene by antibody staining. The rationale for this approach __48__ as follows. In wild-type C. elegans, che-22 __49__ expressed exclusively in pharyngeal muscle, whereas it __50__ expression of the pharyngeal muscle-specific myosin heavy chain gene myo-2. However, ectopic expression of che-22 in body wall muscle __51__ expression of myo-2. Because myo-2 __52__ normally never expressed in body wall muscle, this extopic expression assay provides a sensitive test for che-22 function. We __53__ two transgenic lines expressing an nkx2.5 cDNA under the control of the unc-54 body wall muscle-specific promoter. In both lines, we __54__ myo-2 expression in the body wall muscles (Fig. 1 A and B). These results __55__ that nkx2.5 can function like che-22 to induce myo-2 expression.41.A. can function B. could function C. can have functioned D. could have functioned42.A. express B. expressed C. have expressed D. had expressed43.A. was B. is C. has been D. had been44.A. is B. was C. had been D. has been45.A. activates B. activated C. has activated D. had activated46.A. could activate B. can activate C. could have activated D. can have activated47.A. was B. has been C. had been D. is48.A. generate B. have generated C. had generated D. generated49.A. detected B. detect C. have detected D. had detected50.A. showed B. show C. had shown D. have shownPart IIIDirections: Choose the one that best fits into the Discussion Section from the four choices marked A, B, C or D.DISCUSSIONThe p8 gene is barely expressed in NP but is overexpressed in acute pancreatitis (4, 12) . It is also strongly __56__ in pancreatic development and regeneration (4) . We have demonstrated that p8 is overexpressed in PC in the__57__ study. The characteristic expression of p8 is mainly attributable to its mitogenic activity (5) .__58__, p8 expression in PC would not be cancer-specific. __59__, it should be clarified whether p8 overexpression in PC is simply attributable to the excessive growth activity of cancer cells or to some genetic change(s), such as mutations.We __60__ the correlation between p8 overexpression and various clinicopathological parameters in PC. Larger tumors (>2 cm) showed a significantly higher overexpression rate of p8, and less differentiated types, advanced stages, and cases characterized by shorter survival tended to show p8 overexpression. These results also reflect the mitogenic activity of p8.__61__ reports (4, 5) have shown that p8 expression is induced by various proapoptotic __62__. It is suggested that p8 has an anti-apoptotic function (4, 5) . The significance of apoptosis in cancer cells is controversial. High spontaneous apoptosis is __63__ to be correlated with poor prognosis in PC (13) . If p8 has anti-apoptotic activity, p8 overexpression in PC cells would lead to resistance against apoptosis. Although we have not demonstrated the relationship between p8 and apoptosis in PC, the tendency toward shorter survival in p8-overexpressing cases is not __64__ with the past report (13) . It should be investigated whether p8 promotes PC cell growth through its anti-apoptotic activity.It is __65__ that p8 is a DNA-binding protein. As a transcriptional factor, it has a role in some phosphorylation/dephosphorylation signal pathways that involve its translocation to the nucleus and specific binding to DNA (4) . Potentially, p8 is phosphorylated by various kinases (4, 5) . Recent reports (14) showed that some kinases, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase, lead to inappropriate pancreatic cellular proliferation. Genetic mutations of K-ras, p16, and p53 in PC lead to cellular proliferation __66__ the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and/or the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways (14) . It is to be examined whether there is p8mutation in PC and how p8 participates in kinase signaling pathways.Recently, candidate of metastasis-1, a __67__ factor in human breast cancer, was identified (15) . Interestingly, p8 is structurally similar to candidate of metastasis-1 (15) . p8 might be __68__ in cancer metastasis, however, we could not find a significant difference in p8 expression between primary and metastatic lesions in our study. The relationship between p8 expression and cancer metastasis needs to be studied further.In __69__, we have demonstrated the overexpression of p8 in human pancreatic cancer. Our results suggest that p8 participates in the __70__ of pancreatic cancer, which reflects its mitogenic activity.51.A. induced B. reduced C. introduced D. seduced52.A. current B. / C. present D. former53.A. Thereafter B. Subsequently C. Additionally D. Therefore54.A. But B. Similarly C. However D. Consequently55.A. researched B. investigated C. discussed D. detected56.A. Previous B. Other C. Published D. Numerous57.A. stimuli B.stimulants C. stimulations D. simulations58.A. reported B. hypothesized C. concluded D. analyzed59.A. similar B. resilient C. consistent D. identical60.A. suggested B. confirmed C. recommended D. proposed61.A. via B. viz C. on D. along62.A. fresh B. risk C. novel D. contributing63.A. resolved B. dissolved C. immersed D. involved64.A. summarization B. summary C. end D. all65.A. attack B. onset C. development D. appearance Part IVDirections: Translate into English the Chinese phrases given in the brackets to complete the preceding sentences.1.After controlling for age, sex, race, preexisting coronary heart disease, mean arterial blood pressure,diabetes, glucose level, cholesterol level, smoking, body mass index, and study site, the presence of retinopathy____________. (与慢性心力衰竭发病危险增加2倍有关)2.Maximum mean relative enhancement ratio and mean slope of relative enhancement of lung cancerpatients____________. (明显低于健康人)3.____________ receive either alendronate (10 mg per day) or calcitriol (0.5 μg per day) a mean(±SD) of 21±11 days after transplantation. (149例病人被随机分组)4.These results establish Nrg4 as a brown fat–enriched endocrine factor ____________, includingtype 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (对治疗肥胖相关疾病具有潜在作用)5.____________ reported GSPE strongly decreased NO and iNOS expression by LPS-stimulatedmacrophages. （我们的研究成果与Houde 等人之前所做的研究一致）6.Among 988 patients with gastric cancer, pernicious anemia ____________. (有11例原已确诊为恶性贫血)7.Background: Obesity____________. (被认为是结直肠癌发病的重要危险因素)8.The p8 was overexpressed (positive cells >25% in 1,000 cells) in 27 of 38 (71%) of PCs,____________. (而慢性胰腺炎中仅有17%)9.However, ____________.（几个小规模的临床研究结果没有产生充分证据证明抗坏血酸对铅毒性具有有益作用）10.____________.（使用长效β2激动剂大大改善了慢性阻塞性肺病患者的治疗效果）。
考博英语模拟题2018年(22)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考博英语模拟题2018年(22)(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionText 1The London Stock Exchange has been famous as a place for men only, and women used to be strictly forbidden to enter. But the world is changing day by day, and even the Stock Exchange, which seemed to be a men"s castle, is gradually opening its doors to the other sex. On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken. The Stock Exchange Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exchange) decided that women should be allowed onto the new trading floor when it opened in 1973. But the "castle" had not **pletely conquered. Thefirst girls to work in "The House" were not brokers or jobbers. They were neither allowed to become partners in stock broking firms, nor to be authorized dealers in stocks and shares. They were simplyjunior clerks and telephone operators.Women have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange for many years. Several votes have been taken in "The House" to see whether the members would be willing to allow women to become members, but the answer has always been "No". There have been three refusals of this kind since 1967. Now women are admitted, although in a very junior capacity. Two forms of jobbers made an application to the Stock Exchange Council to be allowed to employ girl clerks. Permission was finally given. A member of the Stock Exchange explained after this news had been given, "The new floor is going to be different from the old one. All the jobbers will have their own stands, with space for a telephone and typewriters, therefore there will have to be typists and telephone operators. So women must be allowed in." This decision did not mean a very great victory in the war for equal rights for women. However, it was a step in the fight direction. The Chairman of the new building will eventually lead to women being allowed to have full membership of the Stock Exchange. It is only a matter of time; it must happen.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.The London Stock Exchange is famous ______.A for its favorable locationB for its policy of opening its doors to womenC because it has been a place for men onlyD because women are now beginning to enter its doors to work分值: 6.25答案:C[解析] 本题的依据是文章的第1句话：has been famous as a place for men only。
2018年博士生入学考试英语参考答案
1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other localdistricts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troopsare withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. ClozeDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor MitchAltman of San Fran cisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensiveDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsor ed by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals. McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at P urdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.。
华侨大学2018年硕士招生考试初试自命题科目试题
五、（10分）求函数 的傅里叶级数展开式.
六、（10分）求 在圆域 上的最值.
七、（15分）求幂级数 的收敛域及和函数
八、（10分）变换 可以将 化简为 ，求常数 .
九、（10分）设 在 上连续，且 ，证明 .
十、（8分）证明：含参量积分 在 上内闭一致收敛.
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华侨大学2018年硕士招生考试初试自命题科目试题
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业基础数学题：（本题共5小题，每小题4分，满分20分）
1. _______________.2． =.
3.写出曲线 在点 处的法平面方程为.
4．交换积分次序 =.
5．设 是圆周 ，则 =.
二、求下列极限（本题共2小题，每小题10分，共计20分）
1. .2. .
三、计算下列积分（本题共4小题，每小题10分，共计40分）
1. .2. .
3.计算 ，其中 为以 为圆心，以 为半径的圆周 并取逆时针方向.
4． ，其中曲面 为 的上侧.
四、(7分)用 语言证明： .
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招生专业基础数学
2018年全国医学统考考博英语真题与答案
2018 年全国医学博士英语统一考试试题试卷一 (Paper One)Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once, after you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B ● D Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. On campus B. At he dentist’sC.At the pharmacyD. In the laboratory2. A. Pain B. Weakness C. Fatigue D. Headache3. A. Their weird behavior at school.B. Their superior cleverness over others’.C. Their tendency to have learning difficulty.D. Their reluctance to switch to right handedness.4. A. John will be angry. B. John will be disappointed.C. John will be attracted.D. John will be frightened.5. A. Th ey’re quite normal. B. They’re not available.C. They came unexpected.D. They need further explanation.6. A. He knows so little about Lady GagaB. He has met Lady Gaga before.C. He should have known Lady GagaD. He is a big fan of Lady Gaga.C. In the emergency room.D. On their way to the hospital8. A. Health care B. Health reformC. Health educationD. Health maintenance9. A. Learning to act intuitively.B. Learning to argue academically.C. Learning to be critical of oneself.D. Learning to think critically and reason10. A. She is a pharmacist. B. She is a medical doctor.C. She is a scientist in robotics.D. She is a pharmacologist.11. A. She’s pessimistic about the future.B. She’s pessimistic about the far future.C. She’s optimistic about the far future.D. She’s optimistic about the near future.12. A. Negligence may put a patient in danger.B. Patients must listen to doctors and nurses.C. Qualified doctors and nurses are in bad need.D. Patients should be careful about choosing the right hospital.13. A. The man works at eh ER.B. The man can do nothing but wait.C. The woman’s condition is critical.D. The woman is a capable paramedic.14. A. A gynecologist. B. A psychologistC. A neurologist.D. A nephrologist.15. A. She has only one friend.B. She isolates herself from others.C. She suffers from a chronic disease.D. She is jobless and can’t find a job.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.DialogueQuestions 16-20 are based on the following dialogue.16. A. Because she couldn’t do other jobs well.B. Because it was her dream since childhood.C. Because she was fed up with all her previous jobs.D. Because two professors found talent in her and inspired her to do it.17. A. The Self/Nonself Model B. The Danger ModelC. The vaccination theoryD. The immunological theory18. A. Being overactive B. Being mutantC. Being selectiveD. Being resistant19. A. It can help cure most cancers.B. It can help develop new drugs.C. It can help most genetic diseases.D. It can help change the nature of medicine.20. A. We should ignore the resistance.B. We should have the model improved.C. We should have the experiments on animals.D. We should move from animals to human.Passage One21. A. The profits form medical tourism.B.The trendy phenomenon of medical tourism.C.The soaring health care costs around the word.D.The steps to take in developing medical tourism22. A. Affordable costs B. Low pace of livingC. Five-star treatmentD. Enjoyable health vacation23. A. It is a$100 billion business already.B. It is growing along with medical tourism.C. Its costs are skyrocketing with medical tourism.D. It offers more medical options than western medicine.24. A. To set up a website for blogging about medical tourism.B. To modify our lifestyles and health behaviors.C. To buy and affordable medical insurance.D. To explore online to get well informed.25. A. A travel brochure.B. A lecture on medical tourism.C. A chapter of a medical textbook.D. A webpage promotional material.Passage TwoQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.26. A. Song sparrows take good care of their babies.B. Young song sparrows back the skills and experience of their parents.C. There are different kind of song sparrows in different seasons.D. Young and old song sparrows experience climate change different.27. A. In the warmer spring B. In the hottest summerC. In the coolest autumnD. In the coldest winter28. A. Because they lack the skill and experience to find food.B. Because they have not developed a strong body yet.C. Because they cannot endure the unusual heat.D. Because they cannot find enough food.29. A. They are less sensitive to the effect of climate change thanks to their parents.B. They are quick to develop strong bodies to encounter climate change.C. They experience food insufficiency due to climate change.D. They are as sensitive to climate change as the juveniles.30. A. Body size B. Migration routeC. Food preferenceD. Population growthPart Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.The medical team discussed their shared ____to eliminating this curable disease.A.obedienceB. susceptibilityC. inclinationD. dedication32. Many of us are taught from an early age that the grown-up response to pain, weakness, oremotional_____is to ignore it, to tough it out.A. TurmoilB. rebellionC. temptationD. relaxation33. Those depressed kids seem to care little about others,____communication and indulge in theirown worlds.A. put downB. shut downC. settle downD. break down34. The school board attached great emphasis to____ in students a sense of modesty and a sense ofcommunity.A. dilutingB. inspectingC. instillingD. disillusioning35. Our brain is very good at filtering out sensory information that is not______to what we need tobe attending to.A. pertinentB. permanentC. precedentD. prominent36. New studies have found a rather____correlation between the presence of small particles andboth obesity and diabetes.A. collaboratingB. comprehendingC. compromisingD. convincing37. We must test our____about what to include in the emulation and at what level at detail.A. intelligenceB. imitationsC. hypothesisD. precautions.38. We must____the problem____, which is why our map combines both brain structure andfunction measurements at large scale and high resolution.A. set...backB. take...overC. pull...inD. break...down39. Asthma patient doesn’t need continuous treatment because his symptoms are rather____thanpersistent.A. intermittentB. precedentC. dominantD. prevalent40. It is simply a fantastic imagination to_____that one can master a foreign language overnight.A. conceiveB. concealC. convertD. conform Section BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41. The truly competent physician is the one who sits down, senses the “mystery”of anotherhuman beings, and often the simple gifts of personal interest and understanding.A. imaginableB. capableC. sensibleD. humble42. The physician often perceived that treatment was initiated by the patient.A. conservedB. theorizedC. realizedD. persisted43. Large community meals might have served to lubricate social connections and alleviatedtensions.A. facilitateB. intimidateC. terminateD. mediate44. Catalase activity reduced glutathione and Vitamin E levels were decreased exclusively insubjects with active disease.A. definitelyB. trulyC. simplyD. solely45. Ocular anomalies were frequently observed in this cohort of offspring born after in vitrofertilization.A. FetusesB. descendantsC. seedsD. orphans46. Childhood poverty should be regarded as the single greatest public health menace facing ourchildren.A. breachB. griefC. threatD. abuse47. A distant dream would be to deliberately set off quakes to release tectonic stress in a controlledway.A. definitelyB. desperatelyC. intentionallyD. identically48. Big challenges still await companies converting carbon dioxide to petrol.A. applyingB. relatingC. relayingD. transforming49. Concern have recently been voiced that the drugs elicit unexpected cognitive side effects, suchas memory loss, fuzzy thinking and learning difficulties.A. ensueB. encounterC. impedeD. induce50. A leaf before the eye shuts out Mount Tai, which means having one’s view of the importantovershadowed by the trivial.A. insignificantB. insufficientC. substantialD. unexpectedPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEIET.The same benefits and drawbacks are found when using CT scanning to detect lung cancer—the three-dimensional imaging, improve detection of disease but creates hundreds of images that increase a radiologist’s workload, which, 51 , can result in missed positive scans.Researchers at University of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine presented 52 data on a CAD (computer-aided diagnosis) program they’ve designed that helps radiologist spot lung cancer 53 CT scanning. Their study was 54 by the NIH and the university.In the study, CAD was applied to 32 low-dose CT scanning with a total of 50 lung nodules, 38 of which were biopsy-confirmed lung cancer that were not found during initial clinical exam. 55 the 38 missed cancers,15 were the result of interpretation error (identifying an image but 56 it as non cancerous) and 23 57 observational error(not identifying the cancerous image).CAD found 32 of the 38 previously missed cancers (84% sensitivity), with false-positive 58 of 1.6 per section.Although CAD improved detection of lung ca ncer, it won’t replace radiologists, said Sgmuel G Armato, PhD, lead author of the study.” The computer is not perfect,”Armato said.” It will miss some cancers and call some things cancer that 59 . The radiologists can identify normal anatomy that the computer may 60 something suspicious. It’s a spell-checker of sorts, or a second opinion.51.A. in common B. in turn C. in one D. in all52.A. preliminary B. considerate C. deliberate D. ordinary53.A. being used B. to use C. using D. use54.A. investigated B. originated C. founded D. funded55.A. From B. Amid C. Of D. In56.A. disseminating B. degenerating C. dismissing D. deceiving57.A. were mistaken for B. were attributed to C. result in D. gave away to58.A. mortalities B. incidences C. images D. rates59.A. don’t B. won’t C. aren’t D. wasn’t60.A. stand for B. search for C. account for D. mistake forPart Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneWhen Tony Wagner, the Harvard education specialist, describes his job today, he says he’s“a translator between two hostile tribes”—the education world and the business world, the people who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs. Wagner’s ar gument in his book “Creating Innovations: The Making of Young People Who Wil l Change the World” is that our K-12 and college tracks are not consistently “adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in themarketplace.”This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly to such things as a high-wage, middle-skilled job—the thing that sustained the middle class in the last generation. Now, there is only a high-wage, high-skilled job. Every middle-class job today is being pulled up, out or down faster than ever. That is, it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or is being buried made obsolete faster than ever. Which is why the goal of education today, argues Wagner, should not be to make every child “college ready” but “innovation ready”—ready to add value to whatever they do.That is a tall task. I tracked Wagner down and asked him to elaborate. “Today,” he said via e-mail,” because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device, what you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know. The capacity to innovate—the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new possibilities to life and skills like critical thinking，communication and collaboration are far more important than acade mic knowledge. As one executive told me, “We can teach new hires the content. And we will have to because it continues to change, but we can’t teach them how to think—to ask the right questions—and to take initiative.”My generation had it easy. We got to “find” a job. But, more than ever, our kids will have to “invent” a job. Sure, the lucky ones will find their first job, but, given the pace of change today, even they will have to reinvent, re-engineer and reimagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in it.“Finland is one of the most innovative economics in the world,”Wagner said,” and it is the only country where students leave high school ‘innovation-ready.’ They lea rn concepts and creativity more than facts, and have a choice of many elective—all with a shorter school day, little homework, and almost no testing. There are a growing number of “reinvented”colleges like the Olin College of Engineering, the M.I.T. Media L ab and the “D-school” Stanford where students learn to innovate.”61.In his book, Wagner argues that _____.A.the education world is hostile to our kidsB.the business world is hostile to those seeking jobsC.the business world is too demanding on the education worldD.the education world should teach what the marketplace demands62. What does the “tall task” refer to in the third paragraph?A. Sustaining the middle class.B. Saving high-wage, middle-skilled jobs.C. Shifting from “college ready” in “innovation ready.”D. Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast.63. What is mainly expressed in Wagner’s e-mail?A. New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.B. Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices.C. Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach.D. Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge.64. What is implied in the fourth paragraph?A. Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation.B. Jobs changed slowly in the autho r’s generation.C. The author’s generation led an easier life than their kids.D. It was easy for the author’s generation to find their first job.65. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. to orient future educationB. to exemplify the necessary shift in educationC. to draw a conclusion about the shift in educationD. to criticize some colleges for their practices in educationPassage TwoBy the end of this century, the average world temperature is expected to increase between one and four degrees, with widespread effects on rainfall, sea levels and animal habitats. But in the Arctic, where the effects of climate change are most intense, the rise in temperature could be twice as much.Understanding how Arctic warming will affect the people, animals, plant and marine life and economic activity in Canada’s North are important to the country’s future, says Kent Moore, and atmospheric physicist at University of Toronto Mississauga who is participating in a long-term, international study of the marine ecosystem along the Beaufort Sea, from Alaska to the Mackenzie delta.The study will add to our knowledge of everything from the extent of sea ice in the region to how fish stocks will change to which areas could become targets for oil and gas exploration to the impact on the indigenous people who call this part of the country home.Moore, who has worked in the Arctic for more than 20 years, says his research has already found that thinning sea ice and changes in wind patterns are causing an important change in the marine food chain: phytoplankton（浮游植物）is blooming two to three weeks earlier. Many animals time their annual migration to the Arctic for when food is plentiful, and have not adapted to the earlier bloom. “Animal behavio r can evolve over a long time, but these climate changes are happening in the space of a decade, rather than hundreds of years,” says Moore,“Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly.”A warmer Arctic is expected to have important effects on human activity in the region, as the Northwest Passage becomes navigable during the summer, and resource extraction becomes more feasible. Information gained from the study will help government, industry and communities make decisions about resource management, economic development and environmental protection.Moore says the study—which involves Canadian, American and European researchers and government agencies—will also use a novel technology to gather atmospheric data: remotely piloted drones. “The drones have the capability of a large research aircraft, and they’re easier to deploy,” he says, showing the researchers to gather information on a more regular basis than they would be able to with piloted aircraft.66. By the end of this century, according to the author, global warming will_____.A. start to bring about extreme weather events to humans and animalsB. increase the average world temperature by four degreesC. cause more damages to the whole world than expectedD. affect the Arctic more than any other parts of the earth67. To help understand the destructive mechanism of Arctic warming, as indicated by the passage,the international study ____.A. is conducted with every single discipline of University of TorontoB. pioneers in pursuing the widespread effects of climate change.C. involves so many countries for different investigationsD. is intended to deal with various aspects in research68. When he says, “Animals can’t change their behavior that quickly,” what does Moore mean bythat quick?A. The migration of the animals to the Arctic.B. The widespread effects of global warming.C. The rate of the climate change in the Arctic.D. The phytoplankton within the marine ecosystem.69. According to the author, to carry out proper human activities in the Arctic_____.A. becomes more difficult than ever before.B. is likely to build a novel economy in the region.C. will surely lower the average world temperature.D. needs the research-based supporting information.70. With the drones deployed, as Moore predicts, the researchers will_____.A. involve more collaborating countries than they do now.B. get more data to be required for their research.C. use more novel technologies in research.D. conduct their research at a regular basis.Passage ThreeSkilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management, aided by investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests. Technological advances over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined, or even replaced in some cases, by the measurement of genetic or genomic biomarkers. The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management. These new capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）” or “personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the practice of medicine and service delivery.Genetic medicine, which uses genetic or genomic biomarkers in this way, has, until recently, been the province of a small minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of inherited disease. Recognition that most disease has a genetic component, the development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services. In order to optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to be ready to change and adapt to new ways of working.Perhaps the greatest challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into mainstream specialties. For some clinicians, particularly those involved in clinical research, these advances are already a reality.However, a sizable majority do not yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice, perceiving genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable. Maximizing genomic opportunities also means being aware of their limitations, media portrayals that indicate that genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic. Indeed, knowing one’s entire genomic seq uence is no the crystal ball of our future that many hope it to be，and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype（鼓吹）and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream medicine to be successful.Finally, both professional and public should have a realistic view of what is possible. Although the discovery of genetic risk factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important insights about disease mechanisms, the predictive power of individual genetic variants is often very low. Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve considerably before the identification of a particular combination of genetic variants in an individual will have clinical utility for them.71.Which of the following statements does the author most probably agree with?A.Personalized medicine will greatly change the practice of medicine.B.Genetic biomarkers have been largely refined over the past.C.Physical examination remains essential in tine tuning a diagnosis.D.Clinical history-taking is no longer important in the genetic era.72.What, according to the second paragraph, can be said of genetic medicine?A. It can offer solutions to all inherited diseases.B. It has been widely recognized among the physicians.C. It necessitates adaptation of the healthcare community.D. It is monopolized by a small minority of specialized physicians.73. The future of the genomic technologies, for the most part, lies in_____.A. the greater potential of treating rare diseasesB. the greater efforts in the relevant clinical researchC. the greater preparedness of the physicians to employ themD. the greater publicity of their benefits in the media portrayals74. In the last paragraph, the author cautions against_____.A. underestimation of the importance of the genetic risk factorsB. unrealistic expectation of the genetic predicative powerC. abuse of genetic medicine in treating common diseasesD. unexpected evolution of the bioinformatics.75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?A. Genetic medicine should be the mainstream option for physicians.B. Genetic medicine poses great challenges to medical practice.C. Genetic medicine will exert great influence on medicine.D. Genetic medicine is defined as “stratified” medicine.Passage FourMisconduct is a word that is always on professors’ minds. Incidents in the news tend to describe the most serious violations of scientific standards, such as plagiarism for fabricating data. But these high-profile infractions（违法）occur relatively rarely. Much more frequent are forms of misconduct that occur as part of the intimate relationship between a faculty member and a student.Faculty members don’t need to commit egregious acts such as sexual harass ment or appropriation of students’work to fail in their responsibility to their charges. Being generally negligent as teachers and mentors should also be seen as falling down on the job.What we found most interesting was how respondents had less vehement（强烈的）reactions to a host of questionable behaviors. In particular, they said that faculty members should avoid neglectful teaching and mentoring. These included routinely being late for classes, frequently skipping appointments with advisees, showing favoritism to some students, ignoring those whose interests diverged from their own, belittling colleagues in front of students, providing little or no feedback on students’ theses or dissertations, and take on more graduate advisees than they could handle.The vast majority of US faculty members have simply not been taught how to teach. And these responses suggest that they are subjecting young scientists-in-training to the same neglect.To address this systemic issue, we must do a better job of exposing the current and next generations of scientists to the rules of proper mentoring through seminars. For instance, on online modules. The societies of academic disciplines, institutions and individual departments can play a big part here, by developing codes of conduct and clear mechanisms for students report violations.The most serious behaviors are relatively easy to spot and address, but “inadequate teaching”can be subjective. Still, if universities establish specific rules for academics to follow, real patterns of abuse will be easier to find. For instance, these rules could stipulate that professors must return substantive feedback on drafts within 15 days, provide more than just negative feedback during a student’s oral defense of their thesis, or be availa ble regularly to answer questions.To deal with faculty members who consistently fall short, universities should establish teaching-integrity committees, similar to the research-integrity committees that handle issues of scientific misconduct. These could receive reports from students and decide what action to take, either by following a due process laid out in the faculty manual, or simply by adopting the same process as that of other committees, such as for tenure applications.76.What is implied in the first two paragraphs?A. The misconducts are widely exposed in the news.。
华侨大学2018年《710英语综合》考研专业课真题试卷
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业 科目名称
英语语言文学 英语综合
科目代码
710
Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)
Directions: There are THIRTY sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. The cost, he demands should not _____our expectation. A. exceeds B. exceeding C. exceed D. exceedingly 2. On the ____ in the countryside, there are only one-tenth as many doctors as there are in the city. A. averaged B. average C. averagely D. averages 3. The writer received a _____ amount of praise for his newly published novel. A. fantastic B. fantastical C. fantasy D. fantastically 4. After the retirement his parents began to _____ a small grocery store. A. operate on B. operatic C. operate D. operated 5. None of the servants were _____when I wanted to send a message. A. available B. availed C. availing D. availably 6. The drought in this area resulted in the _____of fruit and vegetable. A. scarcely B. scarcer C. scarch D. scarcity 7. His _____eyebrows and shining eyes impress us favorably. A. bush B. bushed C. bushy D. bushing 8. The designer suggests we have a curtain to _____ the light. A. soft B. softness C. soften D. software 9. He was so_____ when he saw the robbery at the bank. A. terrify B. territorial C. terrified D. terrifying 10. Information theory is primarily a _____study. A. theory B. theoretical C. therapy D. theoretically 11. The United Nations had a strong _____to waging a war in Iraq. A. object B. objection C. objectify D. objected 12. Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly _____of national opinion? A. represent B. representation C. representative D. representational 13. She _____ a few words on the paper.
英语考博试题及答案
英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与结构（共20分）1. The _______ of the project will depend on the availability of funds.A) initiationB) implementationC) terminationD) qualification答案：B2. Despite his _______ efforts, he failed to convince the committee.A) trivialB) futileC) sincereD) superficial答案：C3. The _______ of the new policy has been widely discussed in the media.A) implicationsB) complicationsC) ramificationsD) repercussions答案：A4. She is a _______ of her father, showing great talent in music.A) descendantB) successorC) inheritorD) progeny答案：C5. The _______ of the old building was a significant event in the community.A) demolitionB) renovationC) constructionD) destruction答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1The rise of the internet has transformed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has opened up new opportunities and challenges for individuals and organizations alike.6. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The history of the internet.B) The impact of the internet on society.C) The technical aspects of the internet.D) The future of the internet.答案：B7. What does the author imply about the internet?A) It has only positive effects.B) It has both opportunities and challenges.C) It is a threat to traditional businesses.D) It is outdated and no longer relevant.答案：BPassage 2In recent years, there has been a growing interest in renewable energy sources due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable development.8. What is the main reason for the interest in renewable energy?A) Economic benefits.B) Environmental concerns.C) Technological advancements.D) Government policies.答案：B9. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Renewable energy is widely adopted.B) Renewable energy is too expensive.C) There is a need for sustainable development.D) Environmental concerns are a recent issue.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
华侨大学2018年硕士招生考试初试自命题科目试题
0.0859
1.5901
0.1226
0.8075
0.0811
9.9461
0.0000
0.9993
F统计量
21741.31
调整
0.9992
Prob(F-statistic)
0.0000
请根据表2，从模型估计效果及经济含义两大方面对其进行综合分析。
2、建模题。请根据你所掌握的线性、非线性统计模型知识，对中国人口总量及其出生率两个时间序列进行预测。请写出你拟准备的模型、分析思路及过程。
其中 、 、 分别表示居民的消费支出、消费支出滞后一期值、可支配收入， 、 、 为对应变量系数。根据我国城镇居民1978-2016年的消费支出、可支配收入观测数据，并对其回归，其最小二乘法估计结果如表2所示：
表2消费函数估计结果
变量
系数
标准差
T统计量
P值
常数项
0.2858
0.0379
7.5278
0.0000
共2页第2页
二、计算与推断题(本大题共4小题，每小题20分，共80分)
1、设某种小型计算机一星期中的故障次数 ，设 是来自总体 的样本。
（1）验证 是 的无偏估计量。
（2）设一星期中故障维修费用为 ，求 。
（3）验证 是 的无偏估计量。
2、（1）设总体 ，参数 已知， 未知， 是来自 一个样本值。求 的最大似然估计值。
产量
基期
报告期
基期
报告期
A
B
C
件
个
公斤
8
10
6
8．5
11
5
13500
11000
4000
15000
2018年华侨大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷
目录2018年华侨大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷 (2)华侨大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业翻译科目名称翻译硕士英语科目代码211Part I Vocabulary and structure(30%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best complete the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.1.Propaganda is generally considered to be a form of______.cationB.upbringingC.indoctrinationD.instruction2.In some circles,the traditional____attitude toward women is coming back.They believethat women’s proper domain is in the kitchen.A.sexualB.sexyC.sexistD.sex3.Liu Xiang was awarded a gold medal in the world championships.He____a lot of hardtraining.A.should have experiencedB.must have experiencedC.should experienceD.must experience4.Yesterday in our oral class,we were talking about economics.Somehow we got____thesubject of inflation.A.aboutB.upC.ontoD.in5.He spent the whole day yesterday trying to get rid of the____in his garden.A.grassB.hayC.weedsD.wild herbs6.As we all know,blue skies are not always a_________of fine weather.A.conversionB.preservationC.guaranteeD.safety7.Doctors are often caught in a________because they have to decide whether they shouldtell their patients the truth or not.A.dilemmaB.puzzleC.perplexityD.bewilderment8.Many people have the_________that wealth is the chief cause of happiness.A.delusionB.illusionC.fantasyD.image1/11。
2018年华侨大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题【圣才出品】
2018年华侨大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题Part ⅠVocabulary and structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. Propaganda is generally considered to be a form of _____.A. educationB. upbringingC. indoctrinationD. instruction【答案】C【解析】句意：传播手段一直被认为是一种教化民众的方式。
indoctrination教化。
education教育。
upbringing家教。
instruction教导。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
2. In some circles, the traditional _____ attitude toward women is coming back. They believe that women’s proper domain is in the kitchen.A. sexualB. sexyC. sexistD. sex【答案】D【解析】句意：在某些圈子里，传统观念里的对女性的性别歧视又回来了。
他们认为女性就应该在厨房里呆着。
sex性别；性。
sexual性欲的。
sexy性感的。
sexist性别歧视者。
因此，本题的正确答案为D。
3. Liu Xiang was awarded a gold medal in the world championships. He _____ a lot of hard training.A. should have experiencedB. must have experiencedC. should experienceD. must experience【答案】D【解析】句意：刘翔赢得了世界冠军，他一定经历了大量艰苦的训练。
华侨大学2018年硕士招生考试初试自命题科目试题
共6页第3页
(A)CH3CCH(B)H2O(C)CH3CH2OH(D)p-O2NC6H4OH
(E)C6H5OH(F)p-CH3C6H4OH
4.下列化合物具有旋光活性得是：（）
C, (2R, 3S, 4S)-2,4-二氯-3-戊醇
5.下列化合物不发生碘仿反应的是( )
A、C6H5COCH3B、C2H5OH
四、鉴别下列化合物（共9分）
苯胺、苄胺、苄醇和苄溴
共6页第4页
五、按要求排列下列化合物的顺序（由大到小，每题3分，共15ຫໍສະໝຸດ ）。1.沸点：a. b. c.
2.硝化反应活性：a.苯b.溴苯c.硝基苯d.甲苯
3.酸性大小顺序：a.苯甲酸b.苯甲醇c.对甲氧基苯甲酸d.苯酚
4.稳定性大小顺序：a.甲基正碳离子b.伯正碳离子c.仲正碳离子d.叔正碳离子
华侨大学2018年硕士招生考试初试自命题科目试题
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业化学
科目名称有机化学科目代码819
一、命名下列各化合物或写出结构式（每题3分，共30分）
1.
2.3-乙基-6-溴-2-己烯-1-醇
3.
4.
5.邻羟基苯甲醛
6.苯乙酰胺
7.
8.对氨基苯磺酸
9.
10.甲基叔丁基醚
共6页第1页
C、CH3CH2COCH2CH3D、CH3COCH2CH3
6.与HNO2作用没有N2生成的是( )
A、H2NCONH2B、CH3CH（NH2）COOH
C、C6H5NHCH3D、C6H5NH2
7.能与托伦试剂反应产生银镜的是( )
A、CCl3COOH B、CH3COOH
C、CH2ClCOOH D、HCOOH
华侨大学2018年硕士招生考试初试自命题科目试题241
19. Je n’ai pas entenduvous avez parlé.
A. ce queB. ce quiC. ce dontD. qui
20.Cette année, la récolte a augmenté de 7%l’année dernière.
15.Tout le mondedans la salle de classe.
A.estB.sontC.ontD.être
招生专业英语语言文学科目名称法语科目代码241
16.Le vétérinaire examine votre chat puis ensuite examinera.
A.le nôtreB. le notreC. le votreD. levôtre
A. même siB.bien queC.sauf queD. malgré
13. J’ai vuimpressionnant spectacle.
A. ceB. cetC. cetteD. /
14.Est-ce qu’ellesles mains ?
A.se sont lavéB.se sont lavésC.se sont lavéesD.se sont lavée
A.àB.deC.queD.par rapport à
21. Elle a fini ce travail toute seule,ses amis l’aientaidée.
A. alors queB. pourvu queC.aprèsqueD. sans que
22. Le professeur m’arencontrédans le campus.
2018年福建华侨大学翻译与写作考研真题
2018年福建华侨大学翻译与写作考研真题Part One: Translation. (110 points)1. Put the following words or phrases into the target language, Chinese or English.(20 points, 1 for each)1) translation coursebook2) target version3) set phrases4) translation studies5) the Sino-Tibetan (Language) Family6) the Sino-American ties7) metaphorical use8) the Chinese characters9) subject and object10)'Gone with the Wind'11) 仔仔细细12) 神似13 天人合一14) 文房四宝15) 乌纱帽16) 封建社会17) 今年八月18) 是非问（句）19) 诗歌和散文20) 基本工资2. Put the following English sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the special requirement (especially for the underlined part). (40 points, 4 points for each) 21) Can you play basketball with me this afternoon? (Position: replace this phrase in your translation)22) If he has anything good to eat, he will ask me to join him. (Idiom or set phrase: use a Chinese idiom or set phrase for the first part)23) The White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Beijing operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). (VP: use a VP, i.e., verb phrase, for the underlined part in the Chinese translation)24) You think she will come tomorrow if it is fine. But I don't think so. (Formal change: for the second sentence use main clause plus subordinate clause like '我……她……' in your translation)25) He is always saying the usual polite nothings. (Attitudinal meaning: use two or more derogative words in your translation)26) 袭人之母也迎了出来。
2018年华侨大学710英语综合考研真题
A. operate on B. opone of the servants were _____when I wanted to send a message.
A. consistent B. persistent C. permanent D. insistent
20. In addition to rice, we need to ___ our diet with fish, meat and vegetable.
A. replace B. supplement C. mix D. replenish
A. off B. / C. out D. both A and B
18. We were so ___ that we couldn’t help yawning.
A. bore B. boring C. bored D. boredom
19. What you say now is not ___with what you said last week.
A. soft B. softness C. soften D. software
9. He was so_____ when he saw the robbery at the bank.
A. terrify B. territorial C. terrified D. terrifying
10. Information theory is primarily a _____study.
A. available B. availed C. availing D. availably
2018年福建华侨大学英语翻译考研真题
2018年福建华侨大学英语翻译考研真题Part IVocabulary and structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.1.Propagandaisgenerallyconsideredtobeaformof______.cationB.upbringingC.indoctrinationD.instruction2.In some circles, the traditional ____ attitude toward women is coming back. Theybelieve that women’s proper domain is in the kitchen.A.sexualB. sexyC. sexistD. sex3.Liu Xiang was awarded a gold medal in the world championships. He ____ a lotof hard training.A. should have experiencedB. must have experiencedC. should experienceD. mustexperience4.Yesterday in our oral class, we were talking about economics. Somehow we got ____the subject of inflation.A. aboutB. upC. ontoD. in5.He spent the whole day yesterday trying to get rid of the ____ in his garden.A. grassB. hayC. weedsD. wild herbs6.Asweallknow,blueskiesarenotalwaysa_________offineweather.A.conversionB.preservationC.guaranteeD.safety7.Doctors are often caught in a ________ because they have to decide whether theyshould tell their patients the truth or not.A. dilemmaB. puzzleC. perplexityD. bewilderment8.Manypeoplehavethe_________thatwealthisthechiefcauseofhappiness.A.delusionB.illusionC.fantasyD.image9.Ifwebelievesomethingisgoodandtrueweshould_____toit.A.holdupB.keeponC.holdonD.keepup10.Authoritiesaremountingacampaigntocombatanalarmingriseinjuvenile_____anddrugtaking.A.delinquencyB.mistakeC.evilD.crime11.TheCommitteehadmetmanytimes,buthadnotcomeupwith_____totheproblem.A.awayB.anideaC.asolutionD.amethod12.The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which they _____of hunger and cold.A. would dieB. will dieC. would be deadD. would have died13.I’msureyoursuggestionwill_____theproblem.A.contributetosolvingB.becontributedtosolveC.contributetosolveD.becontributedtosolving14.You and I could hardly understand, ______?A. could IB. couldn’t youC. couldn’t weD. could we15.Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there.A. a lot of people wereB. he found a lot of peopleC. a lot of peopleD. people were found16.Johnis_______hardworkingthanhissister,buthefailedintheexam.A.nolessB.nomoreC.notlessD.noso17.Tom,myfriend’sfather,______raisedandeducatedinNewYork,livedandlecturedinAfricamostofhislife.A.whoB.ifC.whileD. though18.As a first-year college student, I wish I________that time management was mynumber one problem before I came to college.A. realizedB. realizeC. had realizedD. have realized19.Idonotbelievethatthispreposterousschemeis_________ofourseriousconsideration.A.worthlessB.worthC.worthwhileD.worthy20.If the whole operation _____beforehand, a great deal of time and money would havebeen lost.A. was not plannedB. had not been plannedC. were not plannedD. has not been planned21.It was because the applicant was too self-confident ______he failed in the interview.A. thatB. thereforeC. soD. to22.________ I wanted to find out first was how long it would take to complete the bridge.A. ThatB. ThoseC. WhatD. Which23.___ another chance, I will certainly pass the driving test.A. GiveB. GivingC. To giveD. Given24.I’m tired _________being bossed around. He regards me as his personal servant.A. ofB. withC. byD. in25.Neither his parents nor his teacher _____that the boy can do it well.A. believesB. believeC.is believingD. are believing26.I had had so many big meals by that time that the mere sight of fish and meatturned me ______.A. downB. offC. outD. in27.The boys and girls sat down and began eating the delicious food________A. enthusiasticallyB. whole-heartedlyC. healthilyD. heartily28.In the sentence “In the center of the square stood a monument,” the italicizedphrase is ______.A. the subjectB. the objectC. a complementD. an adverbial29.The figure of speech in the sentence “Darrow had whispered, throwing a reassuringarm round my shoulder” is ______A. metaphorB. hyperboleC. transferred epithetD. metonymy30.It had never occurred _____him that a famous secret agent would be such a fat old man.A. toB. forC. withD. byPart IIReading Comprehension 40%Directions: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 31-34 are based on the following passage.Immigrants’ adoption of English as their primary language is one measure of assimilation into the larger United States society. Generally languages define social groups and provide justification for social structures. Hence, a distinctive language sets a cultural group off from the dominant language group. Throughout United States history this pattern has resulted in one consistent, unhappy consequence, discrimination against members of the cultural minority. Language differences provide both a way to rationalize subordination and a ready means forachieving it.Traditionally, English has replaced the native language of immigrant groups by the second or third generation. Some characteristics of today’s Spanish-speaking population, however, suggest the possibility of a departure from this historical pattern. Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities. This “revolving door” phenomenon, along with the high probability of additional immigrants from the south, means that large Spanish-speaking communities are likely to exist in the United States for the indefinite future.This expectation underlies the call for national support for bilingual education in Spanish-speaking communities’ public schools. Bilingual education can serve different purposes, however. In the 1960s, such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English. More recently, many advocates have viewed bilingual education as a means to maintain children’s native languages and cultures. The issue is important for people with different political agendas, from absorption at one pole to separatism at the other.To date, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities. Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against Hispanics, the demand for maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools is an assertion of the worth of a people and their culture. If the United States is truly a multicultural nation—that is, if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many—this demand should be seen as a demand not for separation but for inclusion.More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided. For example, movements to declare English the official language do not truly advance the cohesion of a multicultural nation. They alienate the twenty million people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. They are unnecessary since the public’s business is already conducted largely in English. Further, given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning, it would be unwise to require the universal use of English. Finally, it is for parents and local communities to choose the path they will follow, including how much of their culture they want to maintain for their children.31. The passage indicates that one of the characteristics of immigrant groups to the United States has traditionally been that, after immigration, relatively few members of the group(A) became politically active in their new communities(B) moved back and forth repeatedly between the United States and their formercommunities(C) suffered discrimination in their new communities at the hands of the cultural majority(D) sought assimilation into the dominant culture of the new communities they wereentering.32. In the third paragraph, the phrase “different political agendas” refersspecifically to conflicting opinions regarding the(A) means of legislating the assimilation of minorities into United States society(B) extent to which Hispanics should blend into the larger United States society(C) means of achieving non-discriminatory education for Hispanics(D) official given responsibility for decisions regarding bilingual education33. In the last paragraph, “It would be unwise to require the universal use of English.” One reason for this, according to the author, is that(A) it is not clear yet whether requiring the universal use of English would promoteor hinder the education of children whose English is limited(B) requiring the universal use of English would reduce the cohesion of the nation’s Hispanic communities and leadership(C) the question of language in the schools should be answered by those who evaluatebilingual education, not by people with specific political agendas(D) it has been shown that bilingual education is necessary to avoid disadvantagingin their general learning children whose English is limited34. In the last paragraph, the author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing(A) reasons against enacting a measure that would mandate the forced inclusion ofimmigrant groups within the dominant United culture(B) the virtues and limitations of declaring English the official language of the United States(C) the importance for immigrant groups of maintaining large segments of their cultureto pass on to their children(D) the difference in cultures between Hispanics and other immigrant groups in theUnited StatesPassage 2Questions 35-39 are based on the following passage.As is well known and has often been described, the machine industry of recent times took its rise by a gradual emergence out of handicraft in England in the eighteenth century. Since then the mechanical industry has progressively been getting the upper hand in all the civilized nations, in much the same degree in which these nations have come to be counted as civilized. This mechanical industry now stands dominant at the apex of the industrial system.The state of the industrial arts, as it runs on the lines of the mechanical industry, is a technology of physics and chemistry. That is to say, it is governed by the same logic as the scientific laboratories. The procedure, the principles,habits of thought, preconceptions, units of measurement and of valuation, are the same in both cases.The technology of physics and chemistry is not derived from established law and custom, and it goes on its way with as nearly complete a disregard of the spiritual truths of law and custom as the circumstances will permit. The realities with which this technology is occupied are of another order of actuality, lying altogether within the three dimensions that contain the material universe, and running altogether on the logic of material fact. In effect it is the logic of inanimate facts.The mechanical industry makes use of the same range of facts handled in the same impersonal way and directed to the same manner of objective results. In both cases alike it is of the first importance to eliminate the “personal equation,” to let the work go forward and let the forces at work take effect quite objectively, without hindrance or deflection for any personal end, interest, or gain. It is the technician’s place in industry, as it is the scientist’s place in the laboratory, to serve as an intellectual embodiment of the forces at work, isolate the forces engaged from all extraneous disturbances, and let them take full effect along the lines of designed work. The technician is an active or creative factor in the case only in the sense that he is the keeper of the logic which governs the forces at work.These forces that so are brought to bear in mechanical industry are of an objective, impersonal, unconventional nature, of course. They are of the nature of opaque fact. Pecuniary gain is not one of these impersonal facts. Any consideration of pecuniary gain that may be injected into the technician’s working plans will come into the case as an intrusive and alien factor, whose sole effect is to deflect, retard, derange and curtail the work in hand. At the same time considerations of pecuniary gain are the only agency brought into the case by the businessmen, and the only ground on which they exercise a control of production.35. The author of the passage is primarily discussing(A) industrial organization in the eighteenth century(B) the motives for pecuniary gain(C) the technician’s place in mechanical industry(D) the impersonal organization of industry36. The author of the passage suggests that businessmen in the mechanical industryare responsible mainly for(A) keeping the logic governing the forces at work(B) managing the profits(C) directing the activities of the technicians(D) employing the technological procedures of physics and chemistry37. Which one of the following, if true, would contradict the author’s belief thatthe role of technician is to be “the keeper of the logic” in the fourth paragraph?(A) All technicians are human beings with feelings and emotions.(B) An interest in pecuniary gain is the technician’s sole motive for participationin industry.(C) The technician’s working plans do not coincide with the technician’s pecuniaryinterests.(D) Technicians are employed by businessmen to oversee the forces at work.38. From the author’s perspective, which one of the following statements about the evolution of the industrial system is TRUE?(A) The handicraft system of industry emerged in eighteenth-century England and wassubsequently replaced by the machine industry.(B) The handicraft system of industrial production has gradually given rise to amechanistic technology that dominates contemporary industry.(C) The mechanical system of production that preceded the handicraft system was theprecursor of contemporary means of production.(D) The industrial arts developed as a result of the growth of the mechanical industrythat followed the decline of the handicraft system of production.39. Which one of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward scientifictechniques?(A) hostile(B) idealistic(C) ironic(D) neutralPassage 3Questions 40-45 are based on the following passage.Historians sometimes forget that history is continually being made and experienced before it is studied, interpreted, and read. These latter activities have their own history, of course, which may impinge in unexpected ways on public events. It is difficult to predict when “new pasts”will overturn established historical interpretations and change the course of history.In the fall of 1954, for example, C. Vann Woodward delivered a lecture series at the University of Virginia which challenged the prevailing dogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregation in the South. He argued that the Jim Crow laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries not only codified traditional practice but also were a determined effort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and after Reconstruction in the 1870’s. This revisionist view of Jim Crow legislation grew in part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legal campaign during its preparation for Brown v. Board of Education. The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case a few months before Woodward’s lectures.The lectures were soon published as a book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Ten years later, in a preface to the second revised edition, Woodward confessed with ironic modesty that the first edition “had begun to suffer under some of thehandicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolution published in 1776.” That was a bit like hearing Thomas Paine apologize for the timing of his pamphlet Common Sense, which had a comparable impact. Although Common Sense also had a mass readership, Paine had intended to reach and inspire: he was not a historian, and thus not concerned with accuracy or the dangers of historical anachronism. Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of the revolutionary moment, and of how historical evidence could undermine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities. Martin Luther King, Jr., testified to the profound effect of The Strange Career of Jim Crow on the civil rights movement by praising the book and quoting it frequently.40. The “new pasts” mentioned in the first paragraph can best be described as the(A) occurrence of events extremely similar to past events(B) history of the activities of studying, interpreting, and reading new historical writing(C) change in people’s understanding of the past due to more recent historical writing(D) overturning of established historical interpretations by politically motivated politicians41. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the “prevailing dogma” held that(A) Jim Crow laws were passed to give legal status to well-established discriminator practices in the South(B) Jim Crow laws were passed to establish order and uniformity in the discriminatory practices of different southern states(C) the continuity of racial segregation in the South was disrupted by passage ofJim Crow laws(D) the Jim Crow laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries werepassed to reverse the effect of earlier Jim Crow laws42. Which of the following is the best example of writing that is likely to be subjectto the kinds of “handicaps” referred to in the last paragraph?(A) A critique of a statewide school-desegregation plan written by an elementaryschool teacher in that state(B) A newspaper article assessing the historical importance of a United StatesPresident written shortly after the President has taken office(C) A scientific paper describing the benefits of a certain surgical techniquewritten by the surgeon who developed the technique(D) Diary entries narrating the events of a battle written by a soldier whoparticipated in the battle43. The passage suggests that C. Vann Woodward and Thomas Paine were similar in allof the following ways EXCEPT:(A) Both had works published in the midst of important historical events.(B) Both wrote works that enjoyed widespread popularity.(C) The works of both had a significant effect on events following their publication.(D) Both were able to set aside worries about historical anachronism in order toreach and inspire.44. The attitude of the author of the passage toward the work of C. Vann Woodwardis best described as one of(A) respectful regard(B) qualified approbation(C) pointed criticism(D) fervent advocacy45. Which of the following best describes the new idea expressed by C. Vann Woodwardin his University of Virginia lectures in 1954?(A) Southern racial segregation was continuous and uniform.(B) Black people made considerable progress only after Reconstruction.(C) Jim Crow laws did not go as far in codifying traditional practice as they might have.(D) Jim Crow laws did much more than merely reinforce a tradition of segregation. Passage 4Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage.The impressionist painters expressly disavowed any interest in philosophy, yet their new approach to art had far-reaching philosophical implications. For the view of matter that the Impressionists assumed differed profoundly from the view that had previously prevailed among artists. This view helped to unify the artistic works created in the new style.The ancient Greeks had conceived of the world in concrete terms, even endowing abstract qualities with bodies. This Greek view of matter persisted, so far as painting was concerned, into the nineteenth century. The Impressionists, on the other hand, viewed light, not matter, as the ultimate visual reality. The philosopher Taine expressed the Impressionist view of things when he said, “The chief ‘person’in a picture is the light in which everything is bathed.”In Impressionist painting, solid bodies became mere reflectors of light, and distinctions between one object and another became arbitrary conventions; for by light all things were welded together. The treatment of both color and outline was transformed as well. Color, formerly considered a property inherent in an object, was seen to be merely the result of vibrations of light on the object’s colorless surface. And outline, whose function had formerly been to indicate the limits of objects, now marked instead merely the boundary between units of pattern, which often merged into one another.The Impressionist world was composed not of separate objects but of many surfaceson which light struck and was reflected with varying intensity to the eye through the atmosphere, which modified it. It was this process that produced the mosaic of colours that formed an Impressionist canvas. “Light becomes the sole subject of the picture,” writes Mauclair. “The interest of the object upon which it plays is secondary. Painting thus conceived becomes a purely optic art.”From this profoundly revolutionary form of art, then, all ideas—religious, moral, psychological—were excluded, and so were all emotions except certain aesthetic ones. The people, places, and things depicted in an Impressionist picture do not tell story or convey any special meaning; they are, instead, merely parts of pattern of light drawn from nature and captured on canvas by the artist.46. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with(A) explaining how the Impressionists were influenced by scientific studies of light andcolour(B) discussing the philosophical implications of the Impressionist style of painting(C) analyzing the influence of thinkers like Taine and Mauclair on Impressionist painting(D) defending the importance of the Impressionist painters in the history of modern art47. According to the passage, the Impressionists differed from the ancient Greeksin that the Impressionists(A) considered colour to be property inherent in objects(B) placed a higher value on the narrative element in painting(C) depicted the objects in a painting as isolated, rather than united in a singlepattern(D) treated light, rather than matter, as the ultimate reality48. According to the passage, the Impressionists believed that the atmosphere(A) reflects light with varying intensity(B) creates the illusion of colour in colourless surfaces(C) modifies the shapes of objects(D) affects the way we perceived colour49. The author’s use of the term “mosaic of colours” suggests that Impressionistpaintings were characterized by(A) discontinuous dabs of unmixed pigment(B) broad, sweeping brush strokes(C) clearly defined forms and objects(D) subjects devoid of emotive or literary qualities50. The ideas attributed to the Impressionists in the passage suggest that anImpressionist painter would be most likely to agree with which of the following statement?(A) A picture is significant primarily as a manifestation of the artist’s mentalstate.(B) The highest purpose of art is to teach religious truths.(C) The quality of a picture has nothing to do with the nature of the objectsit depicts.(D) An artist should strive to recreate on canvas the inner nature of objectsfrom real life.Part III Writing (30%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 60 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Money is the root of all evils.” You can cite examples to illustrate your points of view. You should write about 400 words.。
最新东华大学2018考博英语
最新东华大学2018考博英语东华大学2018年博士研究生入学考试英语（1001）试题Part I V ocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.1. Many scientists remain_____about the value of this research program. A．sceptical B. stationary C. spacious D. specific2. If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a _____, or there will be no tickets.A. conservationB. reservationC. preservationD. observation3. The mother was _____ when her son confessed he had robbed a store.A. dismayedB. flatteredC. fascinatedD. disabled4. The _____ judge accepted money to let the prisoner go unpunished.A. committedB. corruptC. conservedD. confident5. It took them several weeks to ______the wild horse.A. cultivateB. civilizeC. curbD. tame6. It is a common theme of many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ______ by beings from the outer space.A. run overB. filled inC. taken overD. broken in7. It ______ that the old woman she had been taking care of was indeed her own mother.A. turned overB. turned inC. turned acrossD. turned out8. The discovery of new oil fields in various parts of the country filled the government with _______hope.A. eternalB. infiniteC. ceaselessD. delicate9. We hope there will be a peaceful ________ to the new system.A. transmissionB. transitionC. transactionD. transformation10.It is _______ that women should be paid less than men fordoing the same kind of work.A. abruptB. absurdC. adverseD. addictive11. The young flower girl has been in town for only several months, but she seems to be _____with everyone who comes to the store.A. admittedB. acceptedC. admiredD. acquainted12. When the wealthy man died his illegitimate son _____half of his legacy.A. retreatedB. displayedC. declaredD. claimed13. I have said nothing like that. He intentionally _____ my ideas to achieve his personal ends.A. revisedB. distractedC. contradictedD. distorted14. Travelers are advised to use traveler's checks, which provide a secure _____ to carrying all the money in cash.A. substituteB. alternativeC. selectionD. displacement15. Most of the nations in the world are working in a collaborative effort to ___ hunger from the world.A. abandonB. diminishC. withdrawD. eliminate16. I just can't _____ how he managed to finish his report so soon. He said he was only halfway through it yesterday!A. figure outB. work outC. look outD. draw out17. The mayor was asked to give a rough _____ of the cost of the construction of the new bridge.A. assessmentB. evaluationC. announcementD. estimate18. At last his firm was _____ up by a multinational corporation.A. swallowedB. devouredC. swiggedD. gulped19. When he went to the airport for the ticket, Tom suddenly realized that his passport had ____ for half a year.A. abolishedB. expiredC. amendedD. constrained20. According to the report, the ____ of the epidemic was frightening in that country.A. multitudeB. altitudeC. magnitudeD. gratitudePart II Cloze Test (15 points, 1 point each)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet.‘Popular science’ books by pioneering scientists come in many varieties, but are almost always 21 waiting for. Such books would certainly be authoritative accounts of the subject matter. What is more important, 22, is that they give the reader a really unique 23. The genre includes straightforward expositions of a technical topic, an early example 24 the classic little book on relativity by Einstein himself. More 25 ---- and perhaps 26 greater value, in the long 27 ---- one has a 28 of essays on widely varying themes. These reflect, directly 29 indirectly, the motivations, the compulsions, the stance, the personal scientific philosophy ---- 30 short, the credo ---- of a great scientist, giving the reader 31 insight into the working of a first-rate mind in a manner that even the best of biographies can only 32. Restricting oneself to examples 33 from physics and 34 areas, some wonderful examples of this class are Wigner’s Symmetries and Reflections, Chandrasekhar’s Truth and Beauty, Feynman’s The Character of Physical Law, and Dyson’s35 the Universe.21. A. different B. eager C. worth D. gratitude22. A. however B. by the way C. unfortunately D. to be exact23. A. character B. thought C. enjoyment D. perspective24. A. being B. has being C. has been D. been25. A. important B. special C. often D. clear26. A. with B. for C. in D. of27. A. ago B. time C. distance D. run28. A. election B. collection C. deduction D. induction29. A. and B. or C. not D. but30. A. on B. for C. in D. of31. A. valuable B. attractive C. particular D. mysterious32 A. repeat B. approximate C. enhance D. discover33. A. concerned B. brought C. taken D. thought34. A. relating B. relative C. relate D. related35. A. Disturbing B Disturb C. Disturbed D. DisturbancePart III Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section A (20 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then answer the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Passage 1In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors. Politicians also got on board. "There is a direct relationship," US congressman Neal Smith noted, "between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death."Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. "All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary," Dr. Dustan insists. "For most of us it probably doesn't make much difference how much salt we eat." Dustan's most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal bloodpressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.""An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population," notes Dr. John H. Laragh. "So arecommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense." Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable "moderation" in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal "low salt" exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that "we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension." In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition; stress." It is not your enemy," says Dr. Laragh. "Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you don't need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up."36. According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed ___A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.C.correlates highly with some diseases.D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.37. From Dr. Dustan's study we can infer that ______A. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.B. the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one's blood pressure.C. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.D. an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.38. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that _____A. people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.B. doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.C. an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.D. excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.39. The phrase "vocal …… exponent" (Para. 4) most probably refers to ____A. eloquent doctor.B. articulate opponent.C. loud speaker.D. strong advocate.40. What is the main message of this text?A. That the salt scare is not justified.B. That the cause of hypertension is now understood.C. That the moderate use of salt is recommended.Passage 2Globalization is not just some passing trend. Today it is anoverarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such.As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up "globalization," examine it from all sides, dissect it, figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself is neither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant. As Friedman says: "Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires a network of governing systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalization requires vigilance and the rule of law. Anti-trust laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, and countless other agencies and organizations keep American capitalism in check. Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is a positive force in the world.Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to the destruction globalization can cause. And it will always have strident opponents blind to the way globalization gives somepeople their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspirations.As with most issues, the majority of people will be in the middle. They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.41.What does the word “mitigate” in paragraph 2 most likely mean?A. A. To alleviate.B.To slow down.C.To omit.D.To go faster.42.Why does the author compare globalization as fire?A.When used correctly, they both can sterilize equipment.B.When used improperly, they both can destroy our life.C.When worshipped, they both improve our life greatly.D.When demonized, they both can be dangerous.43.Why is globalization compared as capitalism in the passage?A.They both require vigilance to keep them from devouring societies.B.They both need Federal trade commission and labor unions.C.They both need transparent mechanisms to operate properly.D.Both A and B.44.People who worship globalization usually _____ while people who demonizeglobalization usually ____.A.see it as something to mold for the improvement of everyone; stand in themiddle to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyoneB.believe globalization can be shaped ; believe globalization has dangers and anugly dark sideC.believe globalization is a positive force in the world; believe globalizationrequires vigilance and the rule of lawsD.see no destruction globalization can cause; can not see that globalization givessome people their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspiration45.Which of the following is not necessarily required to make positive use ofglobalization?A.Tremendous opportunities and benefits.B.Vigilance and the rule of law.C.Transparent mechanisms.D.Molding, shaping and management.Passage 3A Chinese study found that antibiotics can help prevent stomach cancer in people who carry a common strain of bacteria known to cause ulcers. The study adds to the already strong evidence that Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach cancer, a disease especially prevalent in Asia but far less common in the United States. Still, experts said the findings do not solve the dilemma of whether and how to treat carriers of the bacteria.The study involved 1,630 men and women from Fujian Province in southern China. All were carriers of H. pylori; hundreds of them already had precancerous lesions (癌变) at the outset of the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receivetwo weeks of treatment with antibiotics and an anti-ulcer drug, or a dummy medicine, and were followed for 7 years and a half after that. Among the 988 patients without precancerous lesions at the outset, none on the treatment got stomach cancer, compared with six in the placebo group.The findings among those with precancerous lesions were not as clear-cut: Seven in the treatment group developed stomach cancer, versus 11 in the placebo group. The study appears in Wednesday's Journal of the American Medical Association. H. pylori is estimated to affect as many as 90 percent of people in some developing nations and up to 50 percent of people in some industrialized countries, according to the World Health Organization. Chronic H. pylori is thought to cause stomach cancer, and doctors have come to believe since the early 1980s that it is the No. 1 cause of ulcers.The findings suggest that doctors should consider routine screening for such lesions in H. pylori patients in high-incidence areas, and treating the infections in patients with no precancerous lesions, said the authors, led by Benjamin Chun-Yu Wong of the University of Hong Kong.Dr. Michael Brown, a gastroenterologist at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, said routine H. pylori screening would not be cost-effective in the United States because the rates of infection and cancer are so low.46.According to the passage, experts in the Chinese study mentioned in the passage arestill not sure _______.A.whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach cancerB.whether stomach cancer is more prevalent in AsiaC.whether to treat all carriers of Helicobacter pylori bacteriaD.whether Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause stomach ulcer47.Among people who developed cancer in the study, proportion of patients in thetreatment group to patients in the placebo group is_____.A.64%B.50%C.90%D.39%48.In the study, what medicine did the placebo group take during the two-weektreatment?A.Antibiotics.B. A dummy medicine.C.An anti-cancer medicine.D.Medicine for the precancerous.49.How many patients in the study already had precancerous lesions at the outset of thestudy?。
博士考试试题及答案英语
博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。