普陀区2018年高考一模高分作文解析及范文
2 2018届普陀区高三英语一模(作文有范文)
普陀区 2017 学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2. A. They like reading today’s paper.B. They are interested in today’s paper.C. They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D. They have no idea what the paper is about.3. A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4. A. Getting ready to board a plane.B. Queuing up for the check-in.C. Meeting friends at the arrivals.D. Waiting at the baggage claim area.5. A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B. The woman prefers the colour.C. The man is concerned about the colour.D. The man intends to choose a different colour.6. A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7. A. He was chairman of the club.B. He wanted to learn a new language.C. He wanted to know more about the club.D. He was interested in international advertisement.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10. A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sports player.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in team sports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B. Sleep promotes rest.C. Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D. Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a good memory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B. It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C. It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D. It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B. It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C. It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D. It features personal paying first and getting money later.20. A. Consult other insurance companies.B. Buy the student health insurance.C. Get the international travel insurance.D. Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom, kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _____ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22) ______ (leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) ______ (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound (反弹) is mostly (24) ______ ______ the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of theRecreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright future. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) ______ are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) ______ rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales —last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) ______ (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) ______ their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) ______ allow travelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) ______ you park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din （喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone —but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing ____31____ with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem — the slower ____32____ speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians．And a new study of auditory training with a ____33____ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s“Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their ____34____ after the same amount of time．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was ____35____ by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of ____36____ hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and ____37____ between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings．All of the participants showed improvement in these three ____38____, but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was ____39____ by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to ____40____ to the sound — bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels．III. Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the WorldDepression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health __41__, experts report in the journal PLOSMedicine. The study __42__ clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have __43__ to treatment, the World Health Organization says.Depression was __44__ at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions. __45__, rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three __46__ years lived with a disability.Dr. Alize Ferrari from the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we __47__ need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in __48__ successfu l ways of treating it.“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and __49__ in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was a lot more work to be done, she added. “There’s lots of stigma (病症) we know __50__ with mental health,” she explained.“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural __51__ and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to __52__awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to __53__ it.”The data — for the year 2010 — follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization said depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health __54__and a big problem to be reflected on but not enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny __55__ of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.41. A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion42. A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted43. A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution44. A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked45. A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all46. A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of47. A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly48. A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of49. A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower50. A. related B. associated C. relevant D. close51. A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities52. A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise53. A. avoid B. treat C. cure D. detect54. A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome55. A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. populationSection B 22%Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Digital Etiquette (礼节)Digital Etiquette, or netiquette, is a set of rules for how to behave online. It’s a lot like life etiquette, which isbasically having good manners and treating others with respect. It’s just as important in our digital lives, including how we act in online games or how we communicate in emails, texts, instant messages and on social networking websites. All of these platforms let us talk and share instantly wherever we are.Unfortunately, some people can lose control the second they jump online. When they disagree with someone, or have strong feeling about a topic, they end up saying stuff they’d never say in person! They may send ruder emails and IMs or try to start arguments on message boards. That’s called flaming, and it can lead to full-on flamewars, insulting arguments between two or more users.On the Internet, it’s pretty easy to stay anonymous, or unidentified. Having a secret identity to hide behind can make people pretty brave. And when all they see of you is screen name or a funny icon, they might forget that they’re dealing with a real human bein g!The principle is simple: Just like in real life, you should treat other people the way you want to be treated. You wouldn’t want somebody to be rude to you, so don’t be rude to anyone else.Of course, netiquette isn’t just about being nice; it’s also a bout communicating clearly. That means keeping emails and IMs clear, and to the point. It also means making your messages easy to read and understand, which can depend on your audience. For instance, some abbreviations and emoticons may be fine with friends. But they’re generally not appropriate in formal communication. And whatever you do, don’t write in all capital letters! W riting in all caps makes it seem like you’re yelling.Lastly, make sure you ask permission before posting anything about your friends on a blog or a social networking site. People’s personal information is private, and you can really ruin relationships if you post something that a friend —or a friend’s parents —don’t want on the web. And keep in mind that the Internet is not a priva te place; if you wouldn’t want a parent, teacher or future employer to see something you post, don’t post it!56. According to the passage, the users of social media are advised ______.A. to trigger arguments on message boardsB. to behave online with common courtesyC. to be respectful of others online rather than offlineD. to apply abbreviations and emoticons as many as possible57. Why might an anonymous Internet user feel bold enough to say horrible things in response to a blog post?A. Because he can make more friends if he says mean things.B. Because he knows his friends will recognize him and think better of him.C. Because he can insult others and not worry about revenge.D. Because he can impress older, smarter people with his remarks.58. Which of the following is the best way to text your uncle to say you’ll be back in an hour?A. B. B.59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online?A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online.B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.C. It’s illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures.are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesita tion. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by s unlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy (配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI are likely to perceive (感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.63. When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, ______.A. it will make itself better and may go beyond human controlB. it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical workC. it will threaten people by robbing them of jobsD. it will view itself as human race64. The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “______”.A. connectionB. hatredC. competitionD. disagreement65. How is the passage mainly developed?A. By making comparisons.B. By showing valid evidence.C. By giving assumptions.D. By analyzing statistics.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. For the God’s sake, stop AI and be yourselves!B. Can we build AI without losing control over it?C. For or against AI, that is the question!D. How does superintelligence serve the people?Section C 8%Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Parenting Anxiety RelievedWomen are insecure because there is no commonly accepted idea of what it means to be a good mother. Fathers have it easier in this regard; they just have to show up and they are automatically considered “good”, whereas mothers are always trying to prove to themselves and the world that they aren’t “bad”. _______67_______In some ways, things are getting worse. Years ago, a woman was allowed five years to shape her child’s personality. In recent years, however, some psychologists tell mothers that the first three years of life are the most important, while others think that all critical events happen during the first year.Ironically, this panic about doing the right thing to produce the perfect child is probably the worst thing for the child and the parent. _______68_______ Here is why.First, it is not harmful to children if their mothers work. Mothers who neglect their own need and abilities for the sake of their children do not benefit their children, their marriage or themselves.Second, there is no crucial moment or stage in early childhood in which a child’s fate is determined forever. _______69_______ Children are more flexible than that.Research also finds that some children who have had the best parental care and guidance later give in to drugs, addiction, mental illness or violence. _______70_______ Bet ween the parents’ best efforts and the resulting child lie other factors: the child’s nature, genetically influenced characters, experiences outside the family and the child’s knowledge of events. Parents can help an inborn shy child learn to cope better i n situations that make the child anxious, but they aren’t going to turn her into Britney Spears.IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” t hat matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SATscores — one marker of elite colleges —didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to seve ral elite schools but didn’t attend them — either because of rejection or by their own choice — are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。
2018届上海各区一模记叙文及问题详解总汇编
2018届普陀区一模（二）阅读下文，完成第19一23题（20分）冬夜说书人馀鲁①我怀念，小时候在故乡山村漫长的冬夜里，那些走村串巷的说书人带给我们的温暖、欢乐和梦想。
那时，一进入腊月的门儿，所有的农活儿都忙活完了，村里的大人和小孩就开始盼望着，说书人快点来到。
②“说书人来了！说书人来了！”小孩子们会飞奔着把这个好消息瞬间传遍全村。
他们背着三弦琴、牛皮鼓，还有鼓板、鼓架和铺盖，用竹竿一人牵着一人排着队走来，正是我们盼望很久的说书人，排在最后面的那少年是“瞎子小光”，他是我童年时代的好朋友，这些说书人全是盲人，没有谁知道，他们什么时候学会说书的，又是怎样互认识然后组合在一起，走村串巷给大家说书。
③说书人一来，就在村头的孤身老人满大爷家住下了。
满大爷的小屋里是那么温暖，因为炕洞里整个冬天都生着牛粪火。
漫长的冬夜里，热热的土炕上，大人和小孩都喜欢挤在一起，听这些盲人说书。
鼓板一响，说书开始了。
鼓板声和笑声不断地飞出满大爷的小屋，整个小村都沉浸在快乐的气氛里。
孩子们都咧着缺了门牙的嘴巴，开心大笑着，乡亲们一张张写满艰辛和沧桑的睑上，也露出了难得的陶醉的笑容，有时候听到后半夜了还不愿意离开。
④小光和我一样大，当时也就十来岁。
每次到来，他都穿得干干净净的，崭新的夹袄里面露出了雪白的衣领，刚刚修剪的小分头，梳理得整整齐齐。
“小光，你也看不见，为啥要把自己打扮得这么干净整齐呢？”我问小光。
他一边整理衣领，一边回答说：“我看不见，可乡亲们都看得见呀！”他整理衣领时，好像对着一面明亮的镜子。
我慢慢观察到，每位说书人，都穿戴得那么干净整洁，每一颗扣子都扣得整整齐齐的，每个人的衣领都洗得干干净净的。
⑤父亲告诉我，他们虽然看不见任何东西，但他们每一天都过得清清白白，他们是一些有尊严的人！⑥那时我最喜欢小光和他的师父说“大刀史更新”那一段。
说这段时，小光给他的师父拉胡琴，过一会儿，小光又打起了鼓板。
他的鼓打得又急又狠，再怎么想打瞌睡的小孩，也提起了精神。
2018年高考作文优秀范文和赏析
根据以下材料，选取角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章；文体不限，诗歌除外。
花解语，鸟自鸣，生活中处处有语言。
不同的语言打开不同的世界，音乐、雕塑、程序、基因……莫不如此。
语言丰富生活，语言演绎生命，语言传承文明。
范文一解花语文/啊那是犹记得儿时岁月，不解花语，那花开得再美，再盛，我也仅仅觉得，这花开得美，开得盛。
看得高兴了，便做出辣手折枝的事情来，没有一丝不忍，也没有一丝愧疚。
那是因为，在我眼中，花，只是花。
渐渐的，我长大了，不知从何时开始，我再也不忍去折花。
我发现，花，有自己独特的语言。
这门语言非常精妙，却并不精深。
说它精妙，是因为要用独特的方式与它交流，方能够领略到花语之美；说它不精深，是因为要听懂其实很简单，只要静静站在花前，用心去聆听，就能与它交流。
初春之际，一个个花骨朵挂在树梢，嫩嫩的，柔柔的，卷曲着身子揉着惺忪的睡眼，在熹微的日光下，渐渐精神起来。
这个时候，它在告诉我，它好想绽放，它一定要成为最繁最盛的艳丽花朵。
到了仲春，花开得正盛，清香四溢，花团锦簇压满枝头，在灿烂的阳光下，嬉笑争春。
这个时候，它在充满自信地笑问我，它好看吗？直到暮春，数场春雨，几阵东风，于是红稀香少，绿肥红瘦，落花满地堆积，那香艳繁华终化作尘土，只有零星残红，瘪挂在枝头。
这个时候，它在啜泣，它在向我低声哭诉，告诉我青春已去，来日犹长，没有了最美的样子，终日何以为继？于是，我生出一阵伤春惜春的情感来。
现在，在我眼中的花，已经不是花了，它是我能够与之感同身受的伙伴。
它茁壮成长之时，我能感受到它对未来的美好希冀；它青春靓丽之时，我能够感受到它欢喜昂扬的自信；它凋零衰败之时，我能够感受到它的伤怀悲哀。
有时候我在想，上天赐给人类最美好的礼物，或许一颗读懂万物之灵的慧心。
若想照见这颗慧心，便需留心身边的景致，去发现遗失在角落的美。
山涧静流，落花浮水，盈盈动人之美；清露晨流，隽红微润，楚楚可怜之美；漫天花雨，随风飘飞，清扬洒脱之美。
2018年上海高考卷作文解析及范文提纲示例(被需要)
2018年上海卷作文解析及范文提纲示例（被需要）作文题：生活中，人们不仅关注自身的需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，以体现自己的价值。
这种“被需要”的心态普遍存在，对此你有怎样的认识?请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
要求：（1）自拟题目（2）不少于800字。
提纲及范文示例：做自己的主人一、引述材料：生活中，人们不仅关注自身的需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，这种“被需要”的心态普遍存在。
二、分析产生被需要心态产生的原因：有这样的心态，是因为它根植于人性深处对价值感的需求。
它与马斯洛需求层次理论中的金字塔尖“自我实现”的需求息息相关。
这一需求即使在历史的宏大叙事里也显而易见，四百多年前，机器被发明出来，人们惧怕工作被取代从而不再被需要，放火去焚烧机器，这就是英国历史上著名的“卢德运动”。
在今天，人工智能引起的质疑也与对人的价值的磨灭的担忧密不可分。
但是，从更大的角度看，其原因还在于人的社会性。
从客观上看，国家和社会出于稳定政治秩序的目的，宣传人们作为一个集体的意义，而弱化人的个体性。
而主观上，由于处于这种民族家国的意识形态中，人们不自觉地渴望被他人需要，不断通过在集体中找寻自己的位置，为集体做出贡献来实现自己存在的意义，构建安全感和认同感。
三、本性（心理、社会性）与本心的违背：然而，本性和本心常常相互违背。
一个过于渴望被他人需要，那么他就有把自己异化为“物”之嫌，成为他人的附庸。
由于他人或好或坏的评价都将增添或削弱我们的尊严，我们的一举一动都被他人的需要所控制，那我们就失去了对自己生活的掌控。
正如萨特在《禁闭》中所写的，几个人的灵魂死后坠入地狱，地狱中没有烈火，只有一间封闭的密室，人们的一举一动都只能在他人在场的情况下进行，令人痛苦不堪，于是主角感叹：“何必动用烤架,他人就是地狱。
”生活中，我们因渴望“被需要”，或追名逐利，焦虑不已，或违背本心，做别人认为对的事情，这种在别人的影响下失去自由意志的行为，不就是萨特所说的“地狱般的痛苦”吗？四、提出观点并从不被需要与被需要两方面分析：人，应当发现自己的价值所在，而不是通过“被需要”来实现自己的价值。
2018届普陀区一模作文例文
这才是值得珍爱的（56分）没有高楼大厦,没有秋娘渡泰娘桥,只有枯藤老树、小桥流水。
不似乌镇，不比周庄，这里没有烟熏般的商业气息和如潮水般的人流，只有几排老屋与帘间凉风檐外细雨作陪。
长期生活在都市里的我，也着实有很久没有体验过这般返璞归真的美好了。
我从双肩包里拿出手机，刚想拍几张照片发个朋友圈分享一下自己的旅程，父亲却从我手里把手机抢走：“好不容易出来体验水乡的美，你老拿着那个手机算什么名堂！“语罢，他似猜到我会用拍照的借口争辩，还递给我一个相机：“要拍照就好好拍！”我无语可说，背上相机就一头扎进了古镇。
彼时秋高气爽，微风拂过带来些许的凉意，细密的雨兀自下着，落在肩膀上都轻得并没有什么感觉。
雨只在瓦片上汇聚成水流，顺着瓦片的纹路落在青石板路上，似是旨在提醒人们，雨确实在下。
真正确实提醒我在下雨的，是游人的伞。
这里的游人并不多，游人们各自撑着伞，也都没什么危险可言。
各种花色的伞，粉嫩的、印着公主图案的，是小女孩儿的伞，纯色的一般商务气息的，是男人的伞，似是仿古用木头制成的，那定属于年轻女孩儿……各色的伞与这一排排老房子相映成趣，成了一条独特的风景线。
我一张又一张拍着，水乡里朦胧而又独特的美萦绕在心间，那美得清丽，美的秀气，美得让人觉得如登仙界，如归故乡。
我一直拍到内存拍满，才终于回到民宿。
几个同样来旅行的年轻小伙正坐在民宿门口的小凳子上打游戏，一边打一边嘴里还念念有词：“杀！杀！快用这个装备……不是这个！啊！“我一时语塞！分明已经处在这样的美好中，分明这才是值得珍爱的，为何要在这里玩儿手机呢？回家玩岂不是更是美哉悠哉？可我又似乎没什么资格评论别人。
晚饭过后，父亲把手机还给我。
我这才发现，自己过了一下午没有手机的生活，这样的生活似乎也不像我原本想想的那般无趣，反而让我发现了我在生活中更应珍爱的东西。
相比于手机，它更有意义，它所带来的，胜过手机所带来的肤浅、无知的快乐。
但愿，但愿我也能一直像那天一样，适时的放下手机，去发现真正值得珍爱的美好。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)-学生版(已校对)
IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Ch ristmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terriblereality of vi olence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicalswere blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? A fter all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurt ful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotionalabuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival tim e in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager trav elers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau sa ys that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual c ustomer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what wasmorally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleIt’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless（鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to alarge demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleReading the world in 195 boobsIn 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task.But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes,extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet.One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleSecure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the “Signaling Code and Security” working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an “electronic purse” that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The “black-box addition plus” (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct。
2018届上海市普陀区高三一模语文试题WORD版含解析
2018届上海市普陀区高三一模语文试题（解析版）一、积累运用1. 按题目要求填空（1）________________________，其可怪也欤！（韩愈《师说》）（2）郴江幸自绕郴山，________________________。
（秦观《________·郴州旅馆》）（3）李商隐《夜雨寄北》中“何当共剪西窗烛，却话巴山夜雨时”以虚写的手法表达无限思念，杜甫《月夜》中同样虚写相聚情景的两句是“___________________，___________________。
”【答案】(1). 今其智乃反不能及(2). 为谁流下潇湘去(3). 踏莎行(4). 何时依虚幌(5). 双照泪痕干【解析】试题分析：名句默写要注意字形，而字形与字义分不开，学生应借助字义来识记字形。
注意重点字的写法。
如“潇湘”“幌”。
要理解字义去记忆。
学生记忆的时候应该结合诗句的意思。
每句1分，句中有误该句不得分。
要求学生养成回头望的习惯，避免笔误。
按题目要求选择。
2. 小明宣传“节俭用餐不浪费”，要在学校食堂张贴标语，以下句子合适的一项是（）。
A. 由俭入奢易，由奢入俭难。
B. 为俭可以助廉，惟恕可以成德。
C. 俭，德之共也；侈，恶之大也。
D. 奢者狼藉俭者安，一凶一吉在眼前。
【答案】C【解析】试题分析：本题考查用语要得体。
本题要注意宣传的主题是“节俭用餐不浪费”，地点是学校食堂。
A指：由俭朴节约的生活转变成奢华富裕的生活比较容易，而由过惯了奢华富裕的生活变成俭朴节约的日子会比较难。
强调的是一种勤俭持家的生活之道。
适合贴在家里。
B项大意:只有节俭可以使人廉洁奉公,只有宽容可以使人养成好的品德。
强调的是俭和廉之间的关系，不适合贴在食堂。
D项大意：简朴的人和奢侈的人各有所报。
强调俭和奢对一个人，甚至一个国家的影响。
贴在食堂，语义太重了。
C项意思：节俭是一切美德中最大的大德，奢侈，是邪恶中最大的恶。
强调俭和奢的一般作用，适合贴在食堂。
2018上海高考满分作文6篇
上海：“被需要”生活中，人们不仅关注自身的需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，以体现自己的价值。
这种“被需要”的心态普遍存在，对此你有怎样的认识？请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）不少于800字。
2018上海高考满分作文：比学习更重要的事—学会做人在我们学校的外墙上，醒目的写着：“学会做人、学会做事、学会学习”。
我是学生，学习对我来说固然重要，但更重要的是做人。
随着年龄的增长，身高的增长，烦恼也不期而致。
现在我已经是中学生，学科也随着知识的需要在不断增加，作业也忙着赶来凑热闹。
每天需要做的作业像一座无形的大山压得我透不过气来，尤其是快到考试的时候，为了给父母一个满意的分数，只好拼命地学。
真是“分、分、学生的命根儿呀！”。
随着社会环境的变化，人们的思想也随之而变，原来的大公无私荡然无存了，取缔它的是自私自利。
原来那种助人为乐的行为，如今也被人视为是傻瓜、弱智。
而我在学习上虽不能称之为优秀，但在我十二年的人生生涯中，始终保存着乐于助人的本性，姥姥和爸妈都教育我：“为人要善良纯朴、诚实可靠、助人为乐。
”正因为我生活在这样的家庭氛围中，养成了我从小爱帮助别人的习惯，造就了我为人善良的性格。
走过了十二个春夏秋冬，件件往事历历在目，唯有一件使我刻骨铭心。
那是我八岁那年盛夏的一天，雨淅淅沥沥的下个不停，落在屋顶上、地面上，溅起朵朵雨花。
爸爸搂着我望着窗外给我讲起了动人的故事：“很多年前，也是一个雨天，街头人烟稀少，一位盲人赶着回家，忽然被一个倾斜的下水道井盖绊了一下，险些摔倒。
当时，他没有马上离开，而是弯下腰，放下拐杖，蹲下去一边用粗糙的手不停的摸索，一边托起井盖艰难的将它移回原位，之后，站起来，缓缓的继续向前走去……”听爸爸讲到这里，我的眼睛湿润了，眼前仿佛出现了那位可敬可爱的盲人的身影：拖着疲惫的身躯，带着欣喜的笑容，无欲无求安然的慢慢的离开了。
从他细微的举动中，不难看出他那颗金子般的纯洁无暇的心灵，那是一颗时刻为别人着想的心！是我们一个正常人、一个有良知的新一代青少年所要学习和借鉴的，更需要拥有的一颗善良的心啊！我顿时感到，浑身的血在沸腾、在燃烧，窗外的雨仍在不停的下着，淅淅沥沥的。
2018届普陀区高考英语一模(含答案与详细解析)
普陀区2017学年度第一学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷I.Listening Comprehension Section A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Mother and child. B. Teacher and student.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and secretary.2.A. They like reading today’s paper.B. They are interested in today’s paper.C. They found nothing interesting in today’s paper.D. They have no idea what the paper is about.3.A. In the concert. B. In the theatre. C. In the exhibition. D. In the studio.4.A. Getting ready to board a plane.B. Queuing up for the check-in.C. Meeting friends at the arrivals.D. Waiting at the baggage claim area.5.A. The man doesn’t care which colour is chosen.B. The woman prefers the colour.C. The man is concerned about the colour.D. The man intends to choose a different colour.6.A. Doing a lot of homework. B. Staying focused in class.C. Sleeping for a short break.D. Devoting all her spare time to learning.7. A. He was chairman of the club.B. He wanted to learn a new language.C. He wanted to know more about the club.D. He was interested in international advertisement.8.A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9.A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its structure is not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the writing skills.10.A. She likes watching instead of playing. B. She is a good team sports player.C. She doesn’t like any kind of sports.D. She likes taking part in team sports.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It contains protein. B. It contains water.C. It helps the brain work properly.D. A full stomach leads to a good sleep.12. A. Sleep helps the brain control the senses.B. Sleep promotes rest.C. Sleep helps the brain revise and store information.D. Sleep reduces tiredness.13. A. Factors related to memory development. B. The importance of a good memory.C. The importance of improving memory.D. The misery caused by a poor memory.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following weather forecast.14. A. Mountainous Area. B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Southern Europe.15. A. Snowy. B. Cloudy.C. Rainy.D. Fine.16. A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.1. A. A university tutor. B. An insurance adviser.C. An overseas study officer.D. A visa officer.18. A. It is purchased in the country you will travel.B. It provides just a few kinds of medical services.C. It provides doctors who may speak your native language.D. It offers sufficient cash to pay the entire bill on the spot.19. A. It must be purchased in one’s home country before going abroad.B. It does not cover the minor medical expenses.C. It only recommends native doctors when you are aboard.D. It features personal paying first and getting money later.20.A. Consult other insurance companies.B. Buy the student health insurance.C. Get the international travel insurance.D. Choose neither insurance since it is not a must.II.Grammar and vocabulary Section A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom, kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21) _________ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental RV, RV dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22) _____________(leave) serving the New York metropolitan area. Mr. Troiano is on track (23) _________ (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound (反弹) is mostly (24) _________the economy’s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new types of customer are embracing the lifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn’t indicate a bright futu re. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants, (25) _________are keen to experience long, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano’s most recent big sale was to (26) _________ rich Asian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year less than 1% of RVs produced domestically (27) _________ (ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China’s government, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Yutong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of them American.RV manufacturers are also marketing the concept (28) _________their motor homes can be commercial as well as leisure vehicles. They (29) _________allow travelling salesmen, businessmen to save on food and hotel costs. (30) _________you park it, it can be your office, as well as your home.【答案】 21. have risen22. left23. to sell24. due to/ owing to25. who26. a 27. were shipped 28. that 29. can 30. Wherever 【解析】21,考查动词，so far 表示迄今为止，时态用现在完成时，rise 是不及物动词无被动语态，故为have risen 22，考查动词，句意为“留下他在纽约大都会区为数不多的几家商店。
2018高考作文上海卷解析(带范文)
2018高考作文上海卷解析（带范文）阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。
（60分）生活中，人们不仅关注自身的需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，以体现自己的价值，这种“被需要”的心态普遍存在，对此你有什么样的认识？请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
要求：1.自拟题目；2.不少于800字。
审题一、限制性1.“生活中，人们不仅关注自身的需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，以体现自己的价值，这种‘被需要’的心态普遍存在”，这既是对话题“被需要”的解说和引导，也是对话题的限制，着力点在“被需要，以体现自己的价值”上。
2.“生活中”，指明选材的范围——源于生活。
不谈历史，只说现实。
3.“不仅”“也”揭示了“关注自身需要”和“渴望被他人需要”的关系。
两者共存，是生活的常态。
4.在作文时，不能忽视“对此你有怎样的认识？请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考”这一句话，也就是要求写作时文中不能无“我”，重点写作自己的思考和认识。
二、开放性1.文体的开放性。
“写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考”，“思考”是个比较宽泛的概念，可以通过叙事来表达，也可以通过说理来表达。
2.选材的开放性。
“生活中”，生活辽阔无边，故事每天都在发生，学生只要关注生活——自己的生活或者他人的生活，写作的空间非常大。
解题马斯洛的需求层次理论把人的需求分成五个层次，由低到高分别是：生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要、自我实现。
“被需要”是需要的最高层次，从自我中心走向服务他人。
上海的高考命题，关注了当下人们精神层面所产生的问题与价值观层面的树立。
由通常的关注外部世界，转向关注内心。
众所周知，关注自身的需要是低层次的，渴望被他人的需要，才能体现出人生的价值和存在感，这才是潜在的力量，人性之光辉！写作本题，关键是要准确理解“被需要”含意：人活着的目的是什么，一个人怎样来体现自身的价值。
因为，“渴望被需要”的欲望也不是人人相同的。
“怀才不遇”者们的需要欲望永远比“无所事事的自我满足”者们强烈。
2018高考作文上海卷解析（带范文）
2018高考作文上海卷解析（带范文）阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。
（60分）生活中，人们不仅关注自身的需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，以体现自己的价值，这种“被需要”的心态普遍存在，对此你有什么样的认识？请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
你的思考。
要求： 1.自拟题目；2.不少于800字。
审题一、限制性一、限制性1.“生活中，1.“生活中，人们不仅关注自身的需要，人们不仅关注自身的需要，人们不仅关注自身的需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，也时常渴望被他人需要，以体现自己的以体现自己的价值，这种‘被需要’的心态普遍存在”，这既是对话题“被需要”的解说和引导，也是对话题的限制，着力点在“被需要，以体现自己的价值”上。
导，也是对话题的限制，着力点在“被需要，以体现自己的价值”上。
2.“生活中”，指明选材的范围——源于生活。
不谈历史，只说现实。
2.“生活中”，指明选材的范围——源于生活。
不谈历史，只说现实。
3.“不仅”“也”揭示了“关注自身需要”和“渴望被他人需要”的关系。
两者共存，是生活的常态。
共存，是生活的常态。
4.4.在作文时，在作文时，不能忽视“对此你有怎样的认识？请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考”这一句话，也就是要求写作时文中不能无“我”，重点写作自己的思考和认识。
二、开放性二、开放性1.1.文体的开放性。
文体的开放性。
文体的开放性。
“写一篇文章，“写一篇文章，“写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考”，谈谈你的思考”，谈谈你的思考”，“思考”是个比较宽泛的概“思考”是个比较宽泛的概念，可以通过叙事来表达，也可以通过说理来表达。
念，可以通过叙事来表达，也可以通过说理来表达。
2.2.选材的开放性。
“生活中”，生活辽阔无边，故事每天都在发生，学生只要关选材的开放性。
“生活中”，生活辽阔无边，故事每天都在发生，学生只要关注生活——自己的生活或者他人的生活，写作的空间非常大。
注生活——自己的生活或者他人的生活，写作的空间非常大。
2018普陀一模语文解析最新出炉！（附真题试卷）
2018普陀一模语文解析最新出炉！（附真题试卷）普陀区的一模考试已经顺利结束，普陀区的同学们可以好好就这份试卷来进行一下自我分析，其他区县的同学们也要抓紧复习，争取在本区的一模考出好成绩！普陀一模语文真题卷一模语文解析2018年学年普陀区初三一模《这才是值得珍爱的》作文点评普陀是今年上海最早进行一模考试的区域，作文题目成为众人关注的焦点。
今年的作文题目在形式上与前几届初三一模模考作文类型保持高度的一致，是全命题的形式，而内容上则展示出高度的开放性和包容性，符合时下学生的认知水平和生活实际，让各层次的学生都有话可说、有感可发。
同时又与当下的社会价值观有一定的关联性，具有较高的现实意义。
审题“这才是值得珍爱的”。
审题重点抓住“这”、“才”和“珍爱”。
首先要先确定“这”可以是物、也可以是某种品质和情感；“才”表示有对比；“珍爱”要有浓浓的情，才会显得弥足珍贵，可以是亲情、友情等。
写作过程中应紧扣题目写作，注意点题。
中心立意应拓宽思路，深度立意，适当创新。
可多角度、多方面思考，可先在脑海中思考打算写人、写事和写景。
思考后发现，可以通过事情写人身上的某种珍贵的品质，如克服困难、挫折重新获取勇气精神，诚实，守信，善良，爱国精神，自由，家人的陪伴，朋友的信任等；也可以主写景物，如：人与自然的和谐，环保等；写作过程中，可适当挖掘“珍贵”的深层意义，凸显其情感感悟上的内涵。
文体选择这次的作文偏向记叙文，当然议论文亦可构思，可选择好的中心论点进行写作。
素材方面，从小处出发，善于观察、发现生活中的“珍贵”，叙述应完整，适当使用记叙、描写、议论的表达方式，顺理成章地扣题。
可在结尾处点明主旨，卒章显志，升华主题。
私信小编，更多资料送给你。
最新-2018年上海市普陀区高考语文模拟考试卷及参考答案 精品
2018年上海市普陀区高考语文模拟考试卷及参考答案一、阅读（80分）（一）阅读下文，完成1—6题（20分）母亲的来信〖苏〗克拉夫琴科杨实译母亲来信了。
在初来城里的日子里，文卡总是焦急地等待着母亲的信，一收到信，便急不可待地拆开，贪婪地读着。
半年以后，他已是没精打采地拆信了，脸上露出讥诮的冷笑——信中那老一套的内容，不消看他也早知道了。
母亲每周都寄来一封信，开头总是千篇一律：“我亲爱的宝贝小文卡，早上（或晚上）好！这是妈妈在给你写信，向你亲切问好，带给你我最良好的祝愿，祝你健康幸福。
我在这封短信里首先要告诉你的是，感谢上帝，我活着，身体也好，这也是你的愿望。
我还急于告诉你：我日子过得挺好……”每封信的结尾也没有什么区别：“信快结束了，好儿子，我垦求你，我祈祷上帝，你别何坏人混在一起，别喝伏特加，要尊敬长者，好好保重自己。
在这个世界上你是我唯一的亲人，要是你出了什么事，那我就肯定活不成了。
信就写到这里。
盼望你的回信，好儿子。
吻你。
你的妈妈。
”因此，文卡只读信的中间一段。
一边读一边轻蔑地蹙起眉头，对***生活兴趣感到不可理解。
尽写些鸡毛蒜皮，什么邻居的羊钻进了帕什卡·沃罗恩佐的园子里，把他的白菜全啃坏了；什么瓦莉卡·乌捷舍娃没有嫁给斯杰潘·罗什金，而嫁给了科利卡·扎米亚金；什么商店里终于运来了紧俏的小头巾，——这种头巾在这里，在城里，要多少有多少。
文卡把看过的信扔进床头柜，然后就忘得一干二净，直到收到下一封母亲泪痕斑斑的来信，其中照例是恳求他看在上帝的面上写封回信。
文卡把刚收到的信塞进衣兜，穿过下班后变得喧闹的宿舍走廊，走进自己的房间。
今天发了工资。
小伙子们准备上街：忙着熨衬衫、长裤，打听谁要到哪儿去，跟谁有约会等等。
文卡故意慢吞吞地脱下衣服，洗了澡，换了衣。
等同房间的人走光了以后，他锁上房门，坐到桌前。
从口袋里摸出还是第一次领工资后买的记事本和圆珠笔，翻开一页空白纸，沉思起来……恰在一个钟头以前，他在回宿舍的路上遇见一位从家乡来的熟人。
2018全国一卷高考作文满分作文7篇赏析及名师点评
2018全国一卷高考作文满分作文7篇赏析18年与中国的一同成长广东考生2000年至2018年，是一个十八年的跨度；2018年至2035年，同样是一个十八年的跨度。
两个十八年，成长的是两代中国的未来；一个三十五年，成就的却是一个伟大、走向复兴的中国。
作为启信者的你和寄信者的我，同样有一段美好的成长经历，而与我们一同成长的中国，在今时与在未来，必定有着千差万别。
千禧之年来到这个世上，来到这个中国的我，见证了许多许多中国在新世纪写下的篇章，牙牙学语时，杨利伟乘神州探苍穹，开启了中国载人航天的新历程；总角之年，看到了电视屏幕上点起的奥运圣火，桌上的电脑，换了一台又一台，互联网的速度越来越快；量子通信的突破，5G时代的到来，人工智能的应用，快捷支付的广泛普及等等，至今仍在改变着我的生活。
更重要的是，中国已经慢慢站起来了：高铁由输入变为技术、中国标准的全套输出；面对别国的攻击，我们敢于举起铁拳，予以反击。
中国的成长与我的成长何其相似：一路走来，既不泛磕磕碰碰，更多的是繁花似锦、暖阳和风。
那么你呢？十八年的成长，你又和我们的中国有着怎样的成长故事呢？我想着你的日常生活的情景，大约如此；早上起来，有中国自主研发的机器人为你端上早饭，打点细节，电视上播报的新闻中告诉你又多了好几位拿了诺贝尔奖的科学家、文学家；上学校你坐的是早已广泛普及使用的新能源汽车；走进便利店，里面空无一人，你不用掏出钱包，用语音指令挑好商品，在走出去的那一刻刷脸完成支付……我想你一定会对我说：没错，这在今天的中国已经变成了现实，中国是科技强国，屹立于世界。
可是，在中国走向繁荣之际，我也想你请你不要忘记，祖国走向强大的路上，不能没有你。
中国的美好之歌应该是由千千万万个你和我一同谱写的。
过去，祖国母亲养育了你和我，伴我们一路成长，那么未来的多少个十八年，我们也应该携起她的手，走向未来。
十八年，我们与中国一同成长；在未来，我们还会一路相伴。
我们已然长大，鹏鸟展翅，当助祖国终铸辉煌！【点评】这是一篇优秀的考场议论文。
2018年上海市各区高三一模语文试卷汇编(作文)
2018年上海市各区高三一模语文试卷汇编——作文题【奉贤区】29.阅读以下材料，自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于 800 字的文章。
莎士比亚说：“我们的身体就像一座园圃，意志是这园圃里的园丁……让它荒废不治也好，把它辛勤耕植也好，那权力都在于我们的意志。
”（意志，指决定达到某种目的而产生的心理状态，常以语言或行动表现出来。
）【静安区】26．阅读下面材料，选准角度，明确立意，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
河上没有桥，过河只能靠一只小渡船。
滩险水急，小船最多只能承载20人。
有一次，艄公清点人数准备开船时，发现一下子上来了22人。
渡船来回一趟要一个小时，大家都怕耽误时间，没有一个人愿意主动下去。
大家斥责最后上来的两个人，但又没人说得清那两个人是谁。
艄公因为人数超标坚持不开船。
就这样僵持了两个小时。
最后，一对小姐妹退回到岸上，乘客们停止争吵，船终于开了……【黄浦区】26．有时你从80楼往下看，大多是美景；从2楼往下看，可能满地垃圾。
请写一篇文章，谈谈你对这句话的思考。
要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）不少于800字。
【浦东新区】26.造成麻烦的,并不是我们不知道的事,而是我们所知道的事并非我们所想的那样。
对此你怎么看?请写一篇文章谈谈你的思考。
要求:(1)自拟题目；(2)不少于800字。
【闵行区】26.阅读下面材料，根据要求作文。
偶像，指人们心目中仰慕的对象，我们有时需要崇拜它，有时需要打破它。
请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）不少于800 字。
【长宁、嘉定区】26.有人认为，如果一定要做出选择，那么做“对的”事情比把事情“做对”更重要，也有人对此不以为然。
请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
要求: （1）自拟题目; （2）不少于800字。
【崇明区】26.随着网络时代的到来，真相还没有来得及展开，便被人们丢到脑后了，真想变得越来越次要。
对此你有怎样的看法，请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）不少于800字。
专题08 普陀区、青浦区、金山区一模满分范文12篇-高考语文一模试题分类汇编(上海专用)
专题08：普陀区、青浦区、金山区一模满分范文12篇（24一模·普陀区）在观点越来越多元的世界里，是否只有坚持自我，才能获得理想的人生？请写一篇文章，谈谈你的认识和思考。
要求：（1）自拟题目。
（2）不少于800字。
解析：这个作文题的材料只有短短的三个分句，但作文材料越是短，就越要仔细审读。
首先要关注的是关键概念。
“观点越来越多元的世界”，这是整个材料的背景前提，揭示了当下时代的特征，今天我们身处一个信息高速自由流动、观点纷繁迷人眼的时代；“坚持自我”，在材料语境中更多指的是坚持自己的价值观、人生志趣、人生选择等等；“获得理想的人生”，这里是指达成理想志向、获得自我实现、使自己的生命充实而有意义等等。
第二，材料中需要审读的不仅是一个个零散的关键概念，我们一直强调要整体把握材料，这意味着我们还需要关注材料的整体表述，关注材料中关键概念之间的逻辑关系。
从材料表述来看，出题老师通过“是否”的提问设置了一个开放的多层次的思辨空间，此外提问中还内嵌了一个“只有……才……”的必要条件推理结构，对思辨的方向作出了一些限定。
学生在构思立意中需做到的是，同时抓住材料中的三个关键概念和句子整体表述中的提示，充分与材料进行对话，对材料提出的问题进行有逻辑地思考，并作出层层深入的阐述。
例如，我们可以思考这样两个问题：（1）在观点越来越多元的世界里，坚持自我是否有利于获得理想的人生？（2）坚持自我是观点越来越多元的世界里获得理想人生的必要条件吗？前者提示我们结合当下时代特征，思考坚持自我的现实意义和独特价值；后者提示我们从另一面进行思辨，也许及时倾听和借鉴这个世界时时更新的多元观点更是一条通往理想人生的阳关大道，过于坚持自我反而会产生危害。
写作中，学生可以在兼顾二者的情况下有所侧重地阐述自己的观点。
不过，思考到这一层面，我们仅仅是做到了观照材料整体，对材料提问的“是否”进行了机械性的对应阐释，还未触及更重要的材料三个关键概念之间的逻辑关系。
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2018高三一模作文：普陀区
【2017-2018普陀一模作文】
27.当一切都朝一个方向前进时，选择紧跟潮流似乎太盲从，执意逆向而行又可能太愚顽。
对此你有怎样的看法？请写一篇文章，谈谈你的思考。
要求：（1）自拟题目；（2）不少于800字。
人流之中，坚守自我
大多数人选择的方向，会成为潮流导向，然后，更多的人会走上这条道路，这是很常见的现象。
我们不必自视清高，视潮流为极世俗而没有格调的风格，然后将自己与其划上楚河汉界。
其实，潮流并不总是错的，有时，它可以推进大众化的、全社会的进步。
如上个世纪汉字化繁为简运动，这一场文化潮流，极有效地提高了识字率，使汉字的使用更加轻便简单，使得全世界的汉语学习者受益。
这是进步的潮流，是文字发展的必然现象，谁都没必要跳出来唱反调，连外国媒体都用“汉字化简为繁，如同女人重新裹小脚”这样辛辣的语言来讽刺那些跟不上时代步伐的逆流者。
所以，尊重潮流，宽容地对待大多数人的选择是我们应该具备的素养。
而不假思索地唱反调，以特立独行为荣，是所有人都应当引以为戒的。
但是，尊重并不意味着遵从。
不逆流而行不代表要盲从着人群，放任他人去指引你的方向。
有人说，法国女性是最懂得优雅地装扮自己的。
为什么？因为她们会塑造属于自己的风格，不论是简约还是华美，都被用在合适的女士身上，而今春的潮流元素，会成为小而亮的装点，如手包上系着的一条丝巾，或前襟上别
着的一枚胸针。
追求时尚的同时，有着独特的个人品味，这就是在潮流中坚守自己。
换言之，如果深绿外套被所有人钟情，满大街如同一片树林，那必定是一种无趣的现象。
可是潮流往往来得汹涌澎湃，要如何做到身处其中，仍不失去自我呢？一定要丰富自己，只有内心足够强大，才会有与众不同的勇气。
人们说，如果一个电视节目就改变了你的消费观，那你的管钱本事太低了；如果一本书就改变了你的价值观，那你的思想就太单薄了。
如果想要避免成为能被随意愚弄的麻木大众，就必需提高个人修养，让自己的眼界开阔，眼光独到，而不是人云亦云。
如果真的有必要，逆流而行也有可取的时候。
人们翻阅黑白照片追忆过往，赫然发现一张相片中挤满了向希特勒行纳粹礼的人群，而其中一个男人，双手垂于身侧，十分另类。
这不是孤独，是选择，举手行礼或许很简单，但是顺从，就折辱了尊严，于是他逆流而行，于是他坚守了自己。
这样的不盲从，这样的特立独行，代表了一个人的高度。
什么时候顺从人流，宽容的走下去；什么时候逆流而行，拿出“宁跳珠江，不批孔子”的气节，每一个人心中都该有分寸，每一个人都该坚守自己的能力和意识。
不逆风也不随风
人最容易迷失的地方，不是茫茫丛林，而是茫茫人海。
在社会大潮流中，每人都像碎纸片一样，很容易随风飘荡。
有人执意愚顽自守，到头来他们讨伐时代的声音，都被潮流淹没，唯有智慧应对，才能做到不逆风不随风，而保有自我。
赫尔曼·黑塞说：“人最重要的目的，就是找到自我，此后一生都要朝着这个方向努力。
”找到自我，就等于找到了内心的中流砥柱，潮流袭来时，不会被冲昏了头脑，更重要的是，在不得已而面对潮流时，仍能清醒地有所取舍。
自工业革命以来，西方经历了物质主义、消费主义、功利主义后，许多人出于对大潮流的不知所措，而生出了畸形心理，当今许多电影中衍生出的“丧文化”，充满血腥暴力、颓废，无不显示着主流价值观的扭曲。
而中国的市场与网络也开始为了牟利，接受这种产品，可以说是全球化过程中的负面影响了。
所有人多多少少都会有所接触，不少处于迷茫期，寻找自我的青少年，由于没有成熟的判断力而内心遭受“传染”，而只有拥有自我意识的人，才知道划清自我与时代的界限，迎接全球化潮流，吸收其中的真善美以完善自身，摒弃其中的垃圾而不受其害。
不同时代，有不同的局限性，自我却可以始终拥有永恒的主题，当人生以坚守、完善自我为目标时，就能够既不被潮流卷走，也可以借潮流之势进一步远航。
由此，我们更要看清时代的风向，它从哪里来，又要将我们送往何方，若对未来能有一定预见，就可以心下坦然地随风而行。
在100年前，西学东渐中的中国，正经历一场轰轰烈烈的思想革命----新文化运动，它批判旧思想、旧道德、旧文化，提倡新文化，然而其对于传统文化简单粗暴的态度，又引发传统知识分子的抨击，若那些传统文化的拥护者意识到，新文化的主流无疑是正确的，它将彻底动摇封建统治的思想基础而迎来民主共和的新潮流，大可不必焦头烂额地开展中西文化论战，开历史倒车。
同样100年后的今天，人们对人工智能的潮流
又产生了抵制声音，而不是积极面对规避风险，对此，霍金评道：“人们总是高估未来五年的危险，而低估未来30年的变化”。
有了正确的判断与冷静的思考，人类将会避免多少不必要的焦虑呢！
所以当强风来袭时，做一只不随风也不逆风的会思考的芦苇吧！
坚守原则
我们常发现自己陷入某种潮流，一股无形的力量把我们推向某种既定的方向，究竟是选择做一股平凡的水滴，还是做一颗顽强的石子，扎根在自己的本心呢？
现代社会给我们的回答总是杂乱无章。
这位专家提倡要适应环境，适者方可生存，那个学者又在叫我们特立独行才能独创一番天地。
众说纷纭之中，我们总会发现内心充满矛盾，因而无所知从地任由潮流摆布。
但潮流不会永远正确，也不是绝对错误的。
潮流不过是大众或媒体在社会发展的必然选择下做出的反应，代表了大多数人但未必是全部人的心声。
追星在我们的生活中并不陌生，有些人狂热地崇拜某个明星，其实是精神上的寄托，可以批评他们盲目地失去了自我，也可以说他们树立了理想，为了遇见更好的自我。
辩证地看待潮流便会发觉，潮流不论对错，只是一种共鸣，但不能指望每个人都只会发出一种声音。
正是每个人的独特造就了不同人面对潮流应持有的不同态度，因此需要坚持原则。
我们面对潮流，根据每个人内心原则的不同，会做出不同的行动。
如果潮
流正巧合我心意，倒不如“随波逐流”，同大家共同欣赏那份美好；如果潮流与我背道而驰，便把潮流的阻力化为动力，兴许哪天会惊喜地发现自己竟再次和潮流相遇。
平凡的我们不能总指望自己能引领潮流甚至逆转潮流，那样的对抗只会把自己弄得伤痕累累。
明确自己的方向并坚守，任凭潮流怎样，我们都能做好自己。
当然，坚守不是固执，也意味着适时的改变。
思考自身的原则是否合理，我们在与潮流碰撞的过程中会融合一些新鲜思想。
就像诸子百家发展至今日，我们没有人只会单纯的遵守一家之言，而是承认他们都对中国文化思想的发展作出了突出贡献。
对个人而言，也是如此，在与潮流的交互中我们丰满自己，在坚守原则的基础上改变原则本身。
只有乐意承认缺陷，才能做出改变，才能让个人是社会的个人。
当一切都朝一个方向前进时，我们需要同时聆听自己和别人的声音，谱写属于自己的篇章，走出属于自己人生最满意的轨迹。