Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate 英国议会制辩论赛简介
六下关于英国的介绍小作文英文版
六下关于英国的介绍小作文英文版Here is an English essay on the topic of "A short introduction to the UK":The United Kingdom, also known as the UK, is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of the continental Europe. It is an island nation comprising the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller surrounding islands. The UK is a unitary parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning monarch.The United Kingdom is a highly developed country and has the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. It was the world's first industrialized country and the empire on which the sun never set, a global power that dominated the 19th and early 20th centuries. The UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific, and political influence internationally. It is a recognized nuclear weapons state and is ranked 16th in the world for its military strength.The United Kingdom is made up of four countries England, Scotland,Wales, and Northern Ireland. England, the largest and most populous of the four, occupies the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain. Scotland, located in the northern part of Great Britain, is home to over 5 million people. Wales lies to the west of England and has a population of just over 3 million. Northern Ireland, the smallest of the four, is located on the island of Ireland and has a population of around 1.9 million.London, the capital and largest city of England and the UK, is a global center of finance, arts, media, entertainment, and tourism. It is one of the world's most visited cities. Other major cities in the UK include Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool, Leeds, and Bristol. The UK has a diverse geography, ranging from the rugged highlands and islands of Scotland and Wales to the rolling hills and river valleys of England. It has a temperate maritime climate, with cool, wet winters and mild, wet summers.The United Kingdom has a long and storied history, having been home to many ancient civilizations and kingdoms over the centuries. The Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Normans, and Danes all left their mark on the islands. The Act of Union in 1707 joined the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, leading to the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Acts of Union in 1800 then added the Kingdom of Ireland, creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.The UK played a pivotal role in the development of parliamentary democracy and in the industrial revolution, which transformed the country into the world's first industrialized nation. It was also the center of the British Empire, which at its height encompassed around a quarter of the world's population and landmass. The UK's global influence and power began to decline in the 20th century, but it remains a major economic and political force today.The UK is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, including its literature, art, music, theater, and architecture. It has produced many of the world's most famous writers, artists, musicians, and thinkers. British culture has had a significant influence globally, particularly through the widespread use of the English language. The UK is also home to a diverse population, with people from all over the world making it their home.In conclusion, the United Kingdom is a fascinating and multifaceted country with a long and storied history, a vibrant culture, and a significant global influence. From its ancient castles and rolling countryside to its bustling cities and cutting-edge technology, the UK offers something for everyone. Whether you're interested in history, culture, nature, or just exploring a new and exciting destination, the UK is a country that is well worth discovering.。
IntroductionToBPDebate
英国议会制辩论简介 Phyllis Liu
Focus for this Presentation
内容提要
Part I: Introduction 导论 Part II: What is the British Parliamentary debate 什么是英国议会制辩论
Points of Information
POI --- Point of Information Who --- a member of an opposing team; What --- comments, statement, question…; How to offer --- by rising and extending hand or by saying “on that point, Sir/Madam” NO POI --- protected time (the first and the last minute); Time --- 15 seconds or less
2nd Speaker: Leader of Opposition
第二发言者——反对党领袖
-- Accepts the definition of the motioin接受 Upper House 定义 上院 -- Refutes the case of the first Government 反驳对方立论 -- Construct one or more arguments against the Prime Minister‘s interpretation of the motion建构一个或多个论点以反驳对 方对辩题的阐释
英国概况的期末结课作业
英国概况的期末结课作业Benefits from The Introduction to British CultureIn this semester, with the teacher’s help, I get to know quite many different aspects of English culture, which are very rewarding. And for me, the most attracting part is The Government of the United Kingdom. So next I will present what I’ve learnt from both the class and books.The British Government is composed of three tiers: the central government, the county government, and the district government. And the focal point is the structure of the central government. The central government of the UK is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the Parliament and the Cabinet.The participation of the monarch in government, a kind of formality and historical legacy, is limited by the constitution. It is for this reason that the British system of government is known as constitutional monarchy. British Parliament consists, technically, of the Crown, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons, which is the supreme legislature of the United Kingdom. The official head of the parliament is the Queen. The House of Lords is the highest court in the United Kingdom hearing civil and criminal appeals from the lower courts. The House of Commons, a representative assembly, is the main legislative chamber.The Prime Minister will choose his ministers from among the Members of Parliament.The Cabinet is the executive branch, and practices collective responsibility. This is the basic knowledge of British Central Government.In my view, it’s essential for our foreign English learners to learn with comparison, which can help us learned it with further understanding. In the United States, the most outstandingfeature is the Separation of Powers. The three elements that is the Congress, the president and the Supreme Court are separated from each other and check and balance with each other. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any branch from gaining too much power. To conclude, the government of the United States is a presidential government, while the government of the United Kingdom is a parliamentary government. I believe different history background may account for this. In United Kingdom, the power of the bourgeoisie in the capitalist revolution is limited. The implementation of constitutional monarchy is the product of compromise while the United States had no this problem and experienced a full bourgeois revolution, growing with strength.Meanwhile, I’d like to say something a bout the monarchy. Recently the British monarchy has attracted great attention of the public as for the Prince William's wedding. As is known, the cost of monarchy is very large and many citizens regard it as a burden for the tax payers or even the nation. So the appeal of abolish the monarchy is still there. However, it hasn’t been abandoned by her people. By searching the Internet, I’m convinced that its existence has magnificent meaning. Firstly, the Monarchy is the only unchangeable symbol of Empire of the sun never sets Britain, which demonstrates stability and continuity and represents the nation as a whole. Additionally, the queen doesn’t interference in the political affairs. Just on the contrary the monarchy can balance the situation and maintain the international status of the country. Because on the international stage, the queen is a tie between Commonwealth countries. Last but not in the list, the monarchy has taken activemeasures to keep pace with the current society. For instance,Princess Diana engaged herself in charity acting as "moral role models" and was greatly honored by British people. Under the influence of the tide of democracy, royal family publishes their annual spending bills which help them win many political points. So I find it safe to reach the conclusion that the monarchy has her existing significance in the long term.Then I’d like to talk about my feeling of having this class. No doubt, it’s beneficial for me. I started to learn English in my junior school and at that time the only pursue of learning English was to pass it with flying colors because I thought it was useless. Now I’ve on the university campus for two years, and from the beginning of my college life, my English teachers try to expose me in the real English learning circumstances. Gradually, my interest in English has developed and I’m eager to know more the background culture. Fortunately, The Introduction to British Culture helps fulfill my dream. In this class, with the help of the teacher and classmates, I clarify many vague and unclear facts and thoughts in a clear outline. The class came to an end. Nevertheless, I know the English learning way is still on. I’m confident that I will spare no effort。
bp英语辩论正方一辩发言稿模板
bp英语辩论正方一辩发言稿模板English Response:---。
English Response:Certainly! Here's a template for the first affirmative speaker in a British Parliamentary (BP) style debate:Introduction:Start with a captivating hook or a relevant quote to grab the audience's attention.Introduce the motion and provide a clear definition if necessary.State your team's stance and briefly outline your main arguments.Main Arguments:1. Argument 1:Present your first argument clearly and concisely.Provide evidence or examples to support your point.Anticipate and refute potential counterarguments.2. Argument 2:Introduce your second argument, building upon the first one.Use statistics, anecdotes, or expert opinions to strengthen your argument.Address any weaknesses or limitations in your argument.3. Argument 3:Introduce your third argument, ensuring it complements the previous ones.Utilize logic and reasoning to persuade the audience.Summarize the key points of your argument for emphasis.Rebuttals:Briefly address any points made by the opposing team.Refute their arguments using logic, evidence, or counterexamples.Reinforce your team's position while weakening the opposition's arguments.Conclusion:Summarize your main arguments and restate your team's stance.Leave a memorable closing statement or call to action.English Response:---。
British Parliamentary Monarchy
British Parliamentary MonarchyMonarchy, also known as parliamentary monarchy, is a governmental form in which Parliament exercises the supreme power. Britain is a typical representative of this governmental form. The United Kingdom today is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, which has been formed by eight centuries of evolutionary development. The British political system, though often criticized, has been the model and the inspiration for many national governments worldwide.Britain is a secular country, whose Monarchy is the longest reigning monarchy in the world, claiming a history of a thousand years. Actually, the kings, in medieval Britain, strengthened and enlarged the system of feudal relations to consolidate their powers. With the passage of time, some kings began to antagonize feudalism due to numerous loss and fight with it. Up to the Civil war and restoration, Divine Right was claimed to represent the feudal nobility by kings. However, when a Bill of Rights that gave political supremacy to Parliament and severely limited the Crown’s power showed up, it marked the beginning of the constitutional monarchy in England.Constitutional monarchy, as the name implies, remains a monarchy, but on with limited power. The British Constitution demonstrates the following characteristics: Constitutional monarchy, Parliamentary sovereignty, Representative democracy and The rule of law. And the British monarch, in theory, has enormous powers, but given the nature of the constitutional monarchy, who is supposed to reign but not rule. In other words, the monarch is as the symbolic head of states. More and more passive arguments the monarchy has, it is still believed that it will not be abolished anytime soon and will continue to wield important emotional and persuasive powers.The UK Parliament comprises three elements: the Crown, the non-elected House of Lords and the elected House of Commons, which is one of the oldest representative assemblies in the world. The House of Lords and the House of Commons both act as a check on government. Nevertheless, the latter is elected and its sessions often involve questions and heated debates. What’s more, it scrutinizes bills for the first reading. And the House of Lords is unelected democratically and it is more a place of discussion and debate than one of substantial power. The power of it has been much reduced today, which is largely limited to non-controversial issues in party political terms.Furthermore, the political party system is a distinguishing feature of British Parliamentary Monarchy, which insists of the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. These two Party present a striking contrast in their central beliefs. The Labour Party believes in the supervision of industry by the government, even distribution of wealth and equal opportunity for everyone while the Conservative Party traditionally supports private enterprise and minimal state regulation, and accepts the mixed economy. Besides, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that holds the most seats in the House of Commons, and for that reason, serves as the chief executive of the Government that performs the executive functions of the UK.About Elections, it is said that the general election in Britain is held every 5 years and is controlled by the 2 principal parties. And the Prime Minister can call an early election. General elections are held by ballot and anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an member of Parliament.In fact, in line with mention above, the hierarchy of British Parliamentary Monarchy is clear. The monarch is ineffective and the Prime Minister is the leader of Britain. And the House of Commons playsa more important role than the House of Lords does. Two Parties fight with each other over and over all the time, which has not a exact result. In addition, the Constitutional Monarchy contains legislature, executive and judiciary, which restrict each other and interact each other.All in all, in the developed process of British Parliamentary Monarchy, the seat of power has slowly passed from the non-democratic Crown to the aristocratic Lords and to its final resting place in the House of Commons with a powerful Prime Minister. This process has been accompanied by a gradual progress of democracy for the people----from the growth of political parties to extension of the universal franchise and to the development of local government and devolution.。
介绍英国的小短片英语作文
As a high school student with a keen interest in the world beyond my borders, Ive always been fascinated by the rich tapestry of cultures and histories that make up our global community. One of the countries that has captured my imagination is the United Kingdom, a land of tradition, innovation, and a history that has shaped much of the modern world. In this essay, I want to share a brief introduction to the UK, a small island nation with a big impact.The United Kingdom is an island country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Each of these countries has its own distinct culture, traditions, and even languages, contributing to the UKs rich diversity.England, the largest and most populous of the four, is known for its iconic landmarks such as the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, and the Houses of Parliament. The history of England is a story of kings and queens, of the Industrial Revolution, and of its role as a global empire. The English language, which originated here, is now spoken as a first or second language by over a billion people around the world.Scotland, to the north, is famous for its rugged landscapes, historic castles, and the vibrant city of Edinburgh, which hosts the worldrenowned Edinburgh Festival every year. The Scottish people are proud of their heritage, which includes the legendary warrior William Wallace and the more recent cultural contributions of inventors and thinkers like Alexander Graham Bell and Adam Smith.Wales, located to the west of England, is known for its beautiful countryside, rich folklore, and the Welsh language, which is still spoken by a significant portion of the population. The Welsh have a strong cultural identity, with traditions like the Eisteddfod, a festival celebrating Welsh music, poetry, and literature.Northern Ireland, the only part of the UK that is not on the island of Great Britain, has a unique history and culture. Its capital, Belfast, has a rich industrial past and is known for its shipbuilding heritage, including the construction of the illfated Titanic. The Giants Causeway, a natural wonder of hexagonal rock columns, is one of Northern Irelands most famous landmarks.The UKs history is a tapestry woven with threads of conquest, exploration, and cultural exchange. The Romans, the Vikings, and the Normans all left their mark on the British Isles, shaping the language, architecture, and social structures. The British Empire, at its height, was the largest empire in history, with territories on every continent, and it played a significant role in global politics and economics.In the modern era, the UK has been at the forefront of scientific and technological advancements. The UK is home to some of the worlds top universities, including the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, which have produced numerous Nobel laureates and groundbreaking research. The UK has also been a hub for innovation in fields such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and renewable energy.Culturally, the UK has made significant contributions to the arts, music, and literature. From the works of Shakespeare to the Beatles, the UK has had a profound influence on global culture. British cinema and television have also made their mark, with productions like Doctor Who, Sherlock, and Harry Potter enjoying worldwide popularity.The UKs political system, a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, is another aspect that sets it apart. The balance of power between the monarchy and the elected government is a unique feature of the British political landscape. The UKs parliamentary system has influenced many other countries around the world and is a testament to its historical and ongoing importance in global affairs.In conclusion, the United Kingdom is a country of contrasts and complexities, with a rich history and a vibrant present. Its influence extends far beyond its borders, and its culture, politics, and achievements continue to captivate and inspire people around the world. As a high school student looking to the future, I am excited to see what the UK will contribute to the world in the years to come.。
Introduction-to-British-Parliamentary-Debate111讲课稿
外研社英语辩论赛Argumentations
• 1997年---- Examinations do more harm than good.
• 2001年----The opportunity cost of attending graduate school is too high for college students.
China Debate Education Network:
Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate
英国议会制辩论简介
Outline
--Part I: Introduction --Part II: What is the British
Parliamentary debate Format
British Parliamentary Debate Format
英国议会制辩论赛制
I. Teams and Motions 参赛队和辩题 II. Order of Speeches & Speaker Titles
发言顺序和辩手称谓 III. Timing & POI 计时规则与质询 IV. Speaker Roles & Responsibilities
辩题是一个命题，由大赛总监指定，是一场辩论的对 象，又常被称为“解决方案”或者“提议”。
-- Examples 例子 Examples of Motions
1. This House believes that College students should have part-time jobs.
--- to improve everyday lives 能帮助改善日常生活 --- to become good citizens 能促成良好公民的养成 --- to adapt skills of debate to other venues
英国概况
英国概况一．概况（Introduction）国名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），简称联合王国（United Kingdom），或者英国（Britain）。
国旗（National Flag）：米字旗国徽（National Emblem）：国徽中心有一枚盾，盾面的左上角和右下角分别有三只红底金狮，象征着英格兰，右上角是象征着苏格兰的三只金底红狮，左下角的竖琴（harp）则象征着爱尔兰。
盾左边是一支头戴王冠的狮子，象征英格兰，而右侧的独角兽（unicorn）则象征着苏格兰。
国歌（National Anthem）：《天佑女王》（God Save the Queen），如果在位君王是男性，则改为（God Save the King）。
国庆日（National Day）：英王的生日即为国庆日。
国花（National Flower）：玫瑰花（Rose）首都（Capital）：伦敦（London），英国的第一大城市和第一大港口，欧洲最大的都会之一。
同时它也是世界三大金融中心之一。
（纽约，伦敦，东京）语言（Languages）：官方用语为英语。
此外英国各个地区还有自己的通用语言：威尔士语（Welsh），爱尔兰语（Irish），苏格兰语（Scots）等等。
行政区域（Administrative Region）：分为四个部分：英格兰（England），威尔士（Wales），苏格兰（Scotland）和北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）。
伦敦又被称作为“大伦敦”（Greater London），它辖有32个独立的城区（London Boroughs）和一个“金融城”（City of London）。
二．英国地理（Geography）1.英国简介（Brief introduction to Britain）英国由大不列颠岛（Britain）和北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）组成，其中大不列颠岛由英格兰（England）、苏格兰（Scotland）和威尔士（Wales）三个部分组成。
Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate111
发言顺序
上院(上半场)
首相，正一 反对党领袖，反一 副首相，正二
上院 (上半场)
首相
反对党领袖
反对党副领袖，反二
副首相
反对党副领袖
下院 (下半场)
政府阁员，正三 反对党阁员，反三 政府党鞭，正四 反对党党鞭，反四
下院(下半场)
政府阁员
反对党阁员
政府党鞭
反对党党鞭
Points of Information
Names of Speakers
Upper House (Opening) Prime Minister
Upper House (Opening)
Leader of the Opposition
Deputy Prime Minister Deputy Leader of the Opposition Member of Government Member of Opposition Government Whip
辩题是一个命题，由大赛总监指定，是一场辩论的对 象，又常被称为“解决方案”或者“提议”。 -- Examples 例子
Examples of Motions
辩题举例
Procedure for Each Debate
----Positions of teams are posted on the “draw.” 每个参赛队的赛位发布在公告板上
• government is formed by a coalition of two parties. Here’s an example of how it works: imagine if after an election, the Labour Party and the Green Party form a coalition government. Even though they are “on the same side”, they are still competing against each other for voter support. That means that when an issue is debated, they will to take the same position, but for different reasons. So if the issue of nuclear power is debated, for example, the Green Party will oppose the policy for environmental reasons, whereas the Labour Party might oppose it because it means coal workers will lose their jobs. So they both oppose nuclear power – they have the same stance – they take the stance for different reasons.
british parliamentary debate
An Introduction to British Parliamentary Debating The Oxford Union Schools’ Competition uses a format known as British Parliamentary (BP) debating. This is the format used by most university competitions for schoolchildren (it is also used by the Bristol, Cambridge and Durham Schools’ Competitions), but it is quite different from other formats, such as that used in the ESU Schools’ Mace. Speakers who have debated in other formats usually have no difficulty switching to BP, but it is important that everyone understands the format and rules of the debate. This information sheet can only give the most salient points about BP debating; if this format is new to you, we strongly recommend that you attend one of our workshops, to which all schools that enter the Oxford Union Schools’ Competition are invited.The MotionEvery debate has a motion; this is the issue for discussion. A good motion has clear arguments in favour of it and against it. The motions used in the Oxford Union Schools’ Competition will be on topics that a young person who frequently reads a good newspaper and thinks about what they are reading will be well equipped to argue about. Often, the motions are highly topical. Examples of recent motions are posted on the website (). The motion is expressed “This House…”: this is a convention and “The House” is all the people present at the debate.Each team is allocated whether they will propose or oppose the motion. The teams are allocated whether they will speak first or second on their side of the motion. The teams sit as shown in this diagram. The roles of each position on the table are discussed later on this sheet. You must not contradict the other team on your side, but you are competing against them: you must show the judges that you can debate more persuasively that the teams on the other side and the other team on your own side. You should therefore not discuss with the other team on your side what you are going to say or help them in any way. Indeed, you must not talk to anyone other than your partner during the preparation period: coaching during this time by teachers, parents or anyone else is strictly prohibited.Basic rules and advice about structure•Speeches are five minutes in length.•The first and last minutes are protected time – no points of information may be made during this time.•Points of Information should be offered during the three minutes of unprotected time when members of the other side are speaking.•Speeches should have a clear Internal Structure. It is often best to begin by attacking the arguments of previous speakers from the other side (especially the one just before you) and then to make you own points. Try to separate your arguments into two, three or four areas (e.g. a social argument, a political argument and an economic argument). Signpost your arguments clearly (e.g. “this is my first point”, “now to move onto my second points”, “lastly, looking at my third point” etc): this makes it much easier for the audience and the judges to follow your speech.•Work as a team, ensuring that your arguments are consistent and complementary. The roles of the four teamsOpening Proposition TeamFirst speaker1.Define the motion (see below).2.Outline the case he and his partner will put forward and explain which speakerwill deal with which arguments.3.Develop his own arguments, which should be separated into two or three mainpoints.4.Finish by summarising his main pointsSecond speaker1.Re-cap the team line.2.Rebut the response made by the first opposition speaker to his partner’s speech.3.Rebut the first opposition speaker’s main arguments.4.Develop his own arguments – separated into two or three main points.5.Finish with a summary of the whole team case.Opening Opposition TeamFirst speaker1.Respond to the definition if it is unfair or makes no link to the motion. You canre-define (offer an alternative interpretation of the motion), but this can be risky and should only be done when the definition is not debatable (usually better to complain a little and hope the adjudicator gives you credit – “well this is a silly definition but we’re going to debate it and beat you on it anyway” approach).2.Rebut the first proposition speech.3.Outline the case which she and her partner will put forward and explain whichspeakers will deal with which arguments4.Offer additional arguments (roughly 2) about why the policy is a bad idea, ordevelop a counter case (i.e. an alternative proposal). This decision is largely based on the circumstances of the debate, and only experience will provide guidance on this.Second speaker1.Rebut the speech of the second proposition speaker.2.Offer some more arguments to support your partner’s approach to the motion.3.Summarise the case for your team, including your own and your partner’sarguments.Closing Proposition TeamFirst speakerThe first speaker must stake his team’s claim in the debate by doing one of the following:1.Extend the debate into a new area (i.e. “this debate has so far focused on thedeveloped world, and now our team will extend that to look at the important benefits for the developing world)2.Introduce a couple of new arguments that make the case on his side morepersuasive.Again, this decision depends on the scenario. This is quite a complex part of debating to master, but it is very important to add something new to the debate or you will be penalised.Second speakerThe last speech of a debate is known as a Summary Speech. In it you should step back and look at the debate as a whole and explain why on all the areas you have argued your side has won. You can:1.Go through the debate chronologically (this is not very advanced and usually notvery persuasive either).2.Go through one side’s case and then the other.3.Go through the debate according to the main points of contention (this is the mostpersuasive and advanced way) explaining why on each of the main issues that have been debated have been won by your side.Closing Opposition TeamFirst speakerThis is very similar to the second prop role.1.You must rebut the new analysis of the third proposition speaker.2.You must also bring an extension to the debate – i.e. extend the debate into anew area or bring a couple of new arguments to the debate.Second speakerLike the closing proposition, the last opposition speaker must devote their whole speech to a summing up and should not introduce new material.Points of InformationPoints of Information are a very important part of BP. They enable you to keep involved throughout the whole debate, rather than just during your five minutes are up. They do not figure too heavily in most judging decisions, but in a close round where the teams are all similarly good at style and content could be the deciding factor. Teams that offer very few points of information are likely to be penalized heavily for failing to engage in the debate.⇒Points of information should be offered in unprotected time(i.e. in the time between the two time signals).⇒They should be offered by members of the opposite side only.⇒You offer a point of information by standing and saying “point of information”.⇒You should aim to offer one point of information every minute during someone else’s speech. This is just a rough guideline. If you offer too few it will look like you cannot argue against the point they are making, and if you offer too many it will look like you are trying to unsettle or harass the speaker.⇒Speakers may accept or decline the point of information in any way they like; the simplest is by saying “yes please”, or “no thank you”.⇒You should aim to accept two points of information during a five minute speech.⇒Points of Information should be quick and to the point (no more than about fifteen seconds). They should offer a new piece of information to explain why what the speaker is saying at the time is wrong.Dealing with Points of InformationMany new debaters find points of information one of the scariest bits of debating. This is usually because they vastly overestimate the intelligence of the speakers on the other side. Remember confidence does not equal intelligence, it only gives that impression and is designed to do so.There are a number of ways of dealing with Points of Information.1.Dismiss them briefly and then get on with your speech (if it was a stupid point).2.Answer them more fully and merge your answer into what you were going to saynext.3.Say that you are planning to deal with that point later on in your speech and carryon where you were. If you do this, you absolutely MUST make it utterly explicit when you refute the point later on. You must not use this as a ducking tactic since adjudicators will notice.Case BuildingOne of the most difficult skills in debating is preparing cases (i.e. being First Proposition). Many teams find it difficult to come up with a good case statement and supporting arguments in the 15 minutes that most tournaments allot for preparation time. The key to success is to recognise your time constraints and live within them. Every other team in the tournament will have similar restrictions placed on them when they are in opening proposition. Accept it and move on.Sometimes, the motion won’t be very helpful in locating a case. For example: •This House would use the force.•This House believes fish swim faster in cold water.These are known as Open Motions, and you will not encounter them in the Oxford Schools’ Competition.Usually the subject for debate more obvious. For example:•This House would legalise euthanasia.•This House would bomb North Korea.These are known as Closed Motions. Here, it is clear about what you should be arguing; you will be penalised for any attempts to debate about something else.You should identify your contention/case statement (even if it’s just a rewording of the resolution) in a one sentence. For Example:•“The proposition will argue that doctors in the UK should be allowed to administer lethal drugs to terminally ill patients.”•“We believe that the US and its allies should bomb North Korea now to halt its production of nuclear weapons.”Judges like succinct (one-sentence) case statements. A short case statement will help your own thought processes.It is not ok to run a case with no opposition to it at all. If your case is•tautological (true by definition: the Sun rises in the morning),•truistic (true by commonly accepted principles: Hitler was bad)you will be penalised, and will probably lose the debate by default. If the definition is tautological or truistic, the first opposition speaker should explain this, substitute a fair definition and then argue against this new definition.Having now identified the case statement, all you need to do is answer the following questions:1.“How would we implement this resolution?” (model)2.“Why should we implement this model?” (arguments)The ModelThe proposition’s model/plan should be introduced in the first minute of the first speaker’s speech. In building the model, you want to work out how your proposition will be implemented. Judges hate first proposition teams that take forever to get to the point. In the motion about euthanasia above, the first proposition team should outline how their plan would work, perhaps referring to somewhere where euthanasia is or has been legal (e.g. The Netherlands, Oregon, the Northern Territories of Australia). They should refer to things like the people who would be eligible (e.g. those of sound mind with terminal illnesses causing severe pain or distress, who have expressed a consistent wish to die), how these people would indicate that they wished to die and what safeguards there would be (e.g. two doctors agreeing independently about the patient’s condition).Often, motions do not demand an answer to the question “how”? The resulting debates are called “philosophical” debates and can be quite enjoyable.•This House believes that the Roman Catholic Church should ordain female priests.•You argue that the Roman Catholic Church SHOULD do this for all sorts of logical and theological reasons; you do NOT need to proposeinvading the Vatican to make them do it!•This House would not use economic sanctions as a tool of diplomacy.•This can be debated as a broad principle or first proposition could identify a specific country (e.g. Zimbabwe, Cuba, North Korea, Libya)and argue that sanctions should be lifted; the former case (broadprinciple) does not require a model, the latter (specific example) does.•This motion is semi-closed since the issue for debate is clear (itis about sanctions) but the proposition could reasonably defineit in many ways (e.g. about different countries). The oppositioncould challenge the definition if the proposition started talkingabout something unrelated to sanctions; they could notchallenge the definition if it was about a particular country theydid not happen to know about. Having said that, propositionteams should not try to pick obscure examples in the hope thatno-one has heard of them – it is better and fairer to concentrateon your arguments that on trying to outwit the opposition withthe definition.•Semi-closed motions may be set in the Oxford UnionSchools’ Competition.。
英国议会辩论简介
英国议会辩论简介英文回答：As a Member of Parliament (MP) in the British Parliament, I often participate in parliamentary debates. These debates are a vital part of our legislative process and provide a platform for us to scrutinize government policy, hold ministers to account, and make our voices heard on behalf of our constituents.Parliamentary debates typically take place in the House of Commons, where all 650 MPs are seated. The Speaker presides over the debate and ensures that all MPs have an opportunity to speak.Debates can be on a wide range of topics, including new legislation, government policy, and current affairs. MPs can speak for up to 15 minutes each, and they often use their time to make a case for or against a particular motion.During a debate, MPs can use a variety of rhetorical devices to persuade their colleagues. They may use logic, emotion, or humor to make their points. They may also cite evidence or refer to personal experiences to support their arguments.The outcome of a debate is determined by a vote. At the end of the debate, the Speaker puts the motion to a vote. MPs vote by standing up or sitting down, and the motion is carried if more MPs vote in favor of it than against it.Parliamentary debates are an important part of our democratic process. They allow us to hold the government to account and to make sure that the voices of ourconstituents are heard.中文回答：作为英国议会中的一名议员，我经常参加议会辩论。
介绍英国礼仪英语作文
介绍英国礼仪英语作文In the UK, there are many traditional customs and etiquettes that are important to follow. For example, when meeting someone for the first time, it's polite to shake hands and make eye contact. This shows respect and friendliness.When it comes to dining etiquette, there are a few things to keep in mind. It's customary to wait for everyone to be served before starting to eat, and it's polite to keep your elbows off the table. Also, it's considered good manners to say "please" and "thank you" when asking for something or receiving something.In social situations, it's important to be punctual. Being late is seen as disrespectful and rude. It's also customary to be polite and respectful towards others, even if you may not agree with them. This means listening to others when they speak and not interrupting.When it comes to gift-giving, there are some important customs to follow. For example, it's customary to give a small gift when visiting someone's home for the first time. It's also polite to send a thank-you note after receiving a gift.In business settings, it's important to dress professionally and to address others by their title andlast name until invited to use their first name. It's also important to be on time for meetings and to follow through on any commitments made.Overall, following these customs and etiquettes is important for showing respect and consideration for others in the UK. It's a way of showing that you understand and appreciate the cultural norms of the country.。
了解君主立宪制的英国教案
IntroductionIn this lesson, we will explore and learn about the parliamentary system of government in the United Kingdom, which is known as the constitutional monarchy. This system has been in place for centuries and is considered one of the oldest parliamentary systems in the world. We will take a closer look at the history of the British parliamentary system, the role of the monarchy, the powers of Parliament, the creation and function of the Prime Minister, and the formation of political parties.History of the British Parliamentary SystemThe British parliamentary system has its roots in the medievalperiod, and it has undergone several changes and reforms over the centuries. The system has evolved from a small group of noblesadvising the king to a national body that represents the people ofthe country.The First English Parliament was formed in 1265 by Simon de Montfort, who was a nobleman and a military leader. The purpose of this Parliament was to provide the monarch with advice on how to governthe country. However, it was only in the 17th century thatParliament gained significant powers and became a governing body inits own right. This was largely due to the conflict between theCrown and Parliament over issues of power and authority.Role of the MonarchyThe monarchy is the head of state in the United Kingdom, and itsrole is largely ceremonial. The current monarch is Queen ElizabethII, who has been on the throne since 1952. The monarch is also the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and is responsible forgranting Royal Assent to bills passed by Parliament.However, the monarch has no real power in the government, and all decisions are made by Parliament. The monarch’s role is largely symbolic, and their function is to represent the country ininternational affairs and to act as a figurehead for the country. Powers of ParliamentParliament is made up of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons consists of elected Members of Parliament (MPs), who represent the interests of theirconstituencies. The House of Lords, on the other hand, is made up of appointed members, including hereditary peers, life peers, and bishops.The powers of Parliament are far-reaching and include the right to create new laws, levy taxes, and scrutinize the actions of the government. The House of Commons is considered the most powerful of the two houses, as it is responsible for passing bills into law.The Prime MinisterThe Prime Minister is the head of the government in the United Kingdom, and their role is to lead the country and represent it on the world stage. The Prime Minister is appointed by the monarch, but they are chosen from the party that has the most seats in the House of Commons.The Prime Minister is responsible for selecting their Cabinet and creating policy initiatives. The Prime Minister also has the powerto call an election and dissolve Parliament if they believe it is in the best interest of the country.Formation of Political PartiesPolitical parties are an essential part of the parliamentary system in the United Kingdom, and they represent the interests of different groups in the country. There are many political parties in theUnited Kingdom, including the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, and the Liberal Democrats.Political parties are instrumental in creating policy andinfluencing government decisions. The party that has the most seats in the House of Commons forms the government, and the leader of that party becomes the Prime Minister.ConclusionThe British parliamentary system is one of the oldest in the world, and it has been a model for many other countries. Through this lesson, we have explored the history of the parliamentary system,the role of the monarchy, the powers of Parliament, the formation of political parties, and the role of the Prime Minister. It is clear that the British parliamentary system provides a stable andeffective means of governing the country.。
英国介绍英语作文
英国介绍英语作文Title: An Introduction to the United Kingdom。
The United Kingdom, often abbreviated as UK, is a sovereign country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. Comprising four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, it is a diverse and culturally rich nation with a long and storied history.Geography:The UK is situated on the British Isles, which it shares with the Republic of Ireland. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and north, the North Sea to the east, and the English Channel to the south. The landscape varies widely, from rugged highlands and rolling hills to fertile plains and bustling urban centers. 。
History:The history of the UK is complex and multifaceted. It has been inhabited for thousands of years, with evidence of human presence dating back to the Stone Age. Over the centuries, it has been shaped by successive waves of migration, invasions, and conquests. Notable periods in its history include the Roman occupation, the Anglo-Saxon era, the Norman conquest, and the formation of the British Empire, which at its height, was the largest empire in history. 。
英语国家概况课后习题答案完整版
一、选择题（答案在下面）I. Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.1.The two main islands of the British Isles are .A. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England2.is the capital city of Scotland.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. AberdeenD. Cardiff3.According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over million.A. 160B. 600C. 60D. 164.Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, is the smallest.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5.Almost a quarter of the British population lives in England.A. northeasternB. southeasternC. northwesternD. southwestern6.English belongs to the group of Indo-European family of languages.A. CelticB. Indo-IranianC. GermanicD. Roman7.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of words to English.A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and GermanC. French and ItalianD. Latin and Greek8.The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the influence.A. NormanB. DutchC. GermanD. Danish9.Samuel Johnson’s dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of .A. grammarB. handwritingC. spellingD. pronunciation10.At present, nearly of the world’s population communicate in English.A. halfB. a quarterC. one thirdD. one fifth11.The attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic12.By the late 7th century, became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity13.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great14.The marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law15.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster16.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church17.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians18.was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta19.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th20.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th21.The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following brancheswith the exception of the .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive22.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on .A. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude23.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect24.British Cabinet works on the principle of .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals25.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet26.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six27.has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland28.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party29.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism30.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development31.The British economy achieved global dominance by the .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s32.In , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 194833.The in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem34.Of the following practices, does not belong to Thatcher’s social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions35.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality36.Britain has devoted of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%37.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland38.Coal mining industry in Britain provides of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/339.The car industry in Britain in mostly .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned40.Of the following sectors in Britain, has experienced spectacular growth since the end of WordWar II.A. agricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD. manufacturing industry41.In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introductionof comprehensive schools in the .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s42.About of British children receive primary and secondary education through the independentsystem.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%43.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds fromall the following sources except .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributions44.Of the following, is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’s universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references45.To be admitted to the Open University, one need .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD. General National Vocational Qualifications46.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “Big Three” with theexception of .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph47.Life on Earth is a kind of program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500 millionviewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera48.is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB49.Of the following, is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas50.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime51.The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is .A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. pamphlet52.is viewed as Romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.”A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”B. Don JuanC.“Preface to Lyrical Ballads”D. Prometheus Unbound53.Of Dickens’ novels, is considered autobiographical.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations54.is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century.A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy55.Of the following statements, is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century.B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in “Art for Art’s Sake”.D. Treasure Island was a representative work.56.is NOT included in the modernist group.A. Oscar WildB. Virginia WoolfC. William Butler YeatsD. T. S. Eliot57.Of the following books, was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D’UrbervillesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the Native58.Of the following statements, is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf.A. She was a central figure of the “Bloomsbury Group”.B. She experimented with stream of consciousness.C. She was an influential feminist.D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.59.Of the following writers, is NOT a Nobel Prize winner.A. Samuel BeckettB. James JoyceC. William GoldingD. V. S. Naipaul60.Waiting for Godot is written by .A. Samuel BeckettB. George OrwellC. William GoldingD. D. H. Lawrence61.The United States has states on the continent.A. 50B. 49C. 48D. 3562.The state of is the largest in area of all the states.A. AlaskaB. HawaiiC. TexasD. Florida63.The U. S. lies in North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic toits and the Pacific to its .A. northern, east, westB. central, east, westC. southern, west, eastD. western, east, west64.The largest river in the U. S. is .A. the Missouri RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Ohio RiverD. the Colorado River65.Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located .A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific CoastC. in New EnglandD. in the Midwest66.is located on the U. S. –Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC. Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt Lake67.The native Alaskan population includes the following except the .A. IndiansB. EskimosC. AleutsD. Blacks68.The largest minority in the United States is the .A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. Asians69.The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularlyfrom .A. EuropeB. AsiaC. AfricaD. South America70.The characteristic of dominant American culture is .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class71.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia72.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of who came to America to avoid persecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians73.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians74.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies75.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston76.In May 1775, was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a nationalgovernment.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation77.Abraham Lincoln issued to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights78.The policy of the United States was at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement79.President applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy80.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms ofPresidents .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes85.All the following except cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President86.The following except are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are and years respectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives91.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from to , and eventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the by the British King or Queen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution” except .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society” by introducing various programs like the followingexcept .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99.is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors100.At present, U. S. exports account for of the world’s total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of , secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementaryD. private102.Of the following subjects, are NOT offered to elementary school students.A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of .A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S. institutions.A. choosing the presidentB. establishing policies for administrators and facultyC. approving budget and other financial projectD. decide which student to enroll106.To get a bachelor’s degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following except .A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinationsC. working for communitiesD. earning a certain number of credits107.Of the following universities, has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard UniversityB. Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyC. Princeton UniversityD. Yale University108.is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its serious attitude and great bulk.A. The Washington PostB. The New York TimesC. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109.Of the following, is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in America.A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS)B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS)110.The National Day of the United States falls on .A. June 4thB. July 4thC. June 14thD. July 14th111.Of the following writers, are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving112.is regarded as “the father of American literature”.A. James Fennimore CooperB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Thomas JeffersonD. Washington Irving113.Of the following, is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne’s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114.Of the following, is considered Herman Melville’s masterpiece.A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller115.Of the following, is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain’s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116.Of the following writers, is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117.F. Scott Fitzgerald’s finest novel is , and its theme is about .A. The Great Gatsby, the American DreamB. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature118.Of the following books, is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls119.Of the following writers, is Not a Nobel Prize winner.A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O’Neil120.is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.A.Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James Baldwin选择题参考答案：第一章 A B C D B C D A C B第二章 D D B C C A B A C D三 C D B A B C C B D A四 C B A C D C D B A C五 D B B A B C C D D A六 B C B D C A C D B A八 C A B B C C D B A D九 C B C D B B C A C D十 B C B B C C D D D C十一 C C D D D D B B D A十二 C B B B D C B B B B十三 C D D C D D A B A B二、判断题及答案Chapter 11.The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. (T)2.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.(F)3.Today more than half of the people in Wales still speak the ancient Welsh language.(F)4.In terms of population and area,Northern Ireland is the second largest part of the United Kingdom.(F)5.The longest river of Britain originates in Wales.(T)6.Because of political troubles,Northern Ireland has been quite significant among the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom.(T)7.Though the climate in Britain is generally mild,the temperature in northern Scotland often falls below --10C in January.(F)8.The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo--Saxons.(T)9.The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain.(T)10.English changed into what is described as Modern English from the late 16th century.(F)Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)Chapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of the British government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are much similar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)Chapter 61.The Canterbury Tales is a representative work of the Old English Period.(F)2.Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the Greek and Latin classics.(T)3.Hamlet depicts the hero's struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need to avenge his father's murder.(T)4.Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer's Iliad.(T)5.Jonathan Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and Robinson Crusoe is his masterpiece.(F)6.William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height.(F)7.Lord Byron distinguished himself by the musical quality of his short poems, such as "Ode to the West Wind".(F)8.Jane Austen was a well--known novelist of the stream of consciousness school.(F)9.Joseph Conrad is classified as a forerunner of Modernism, which prevailed before World War II.(T)10.detailed in his works the dual problems of the Third World: the oppression of colonialism and the chaos of postcolonialism.(T)Chapter 71.The Republic of Ireland occupies the entire area of the island of Ireland.(F)2.The earliest inhabitants in Ireland were Celtic tribes from Europe.(F)3.In the 1800s, Ireland gained in prosperity because it became a part of Britain.(F)4.In the 1930s, Ireland was not indeed a republic,but belonged to the Commonwealth of Nations.(T)5.To support the government's neutrality in World War II, there was no Irishman participating in the war.(F)6.With the help of Britain, Ireland entered the EEC in 1973 without difficulties.(F)7.In 1949, Britain recognized the independence of the Irish Republic and returned the six northern countries.(F)8.In Ireland, both the House of Representatives and the Senate have the power of making laws.(F)9.English is the only official language in Ireland, because the majority of people speak it as their tongue.(F)10.Catholicism in Ireland is more than a mere matter of private faith.(T)Chapter 8。
英国概述
National Emblem (国徽 国徽) 国徽
The shape of a shield The symbol of the unity: the center England: Yellow lions Scotland: Red lion ready to fight Ireland: David’s harp The symbol of belligerence: the middle The Order of Garter: the medal The helmet The motto: Honi soit qui mal y pense Shame who think of it badly. Shame whoever thinks it evil (恶有恶报) The symbol of support, and the passant guardian England: the standing lion: a passant guardian Scotland: the standing unicorn The symbol of the importance of England The symbol of the king/queen The motto of the queen: Dieu et mon droit God and my right (天有上帝，我有权力)
2010-12-30
9
中心图案为一枚盾徽， 中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红 底上三只金狮，象征英格兰； 底上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金底上半站 立的红狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝底上金黄色竖 立的红狮，象征苏格兰； 象征北爱尔兰。 琴，象征北爱尔兰。 盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、 盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、分别代表英格兰 和苏格兰的狮子和独角兽守护。 和苏格兰的狮子和独角兽守护。 盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言"Honi soit qui 盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言 mal y pense"，意为“恶有恶报”；下端悬挂着嘉 ，意为“恶有恶报” 德勋章，饰带上用法文写着"Dieu et mon droit"， 德勋章，饰带上用法文写着 ， 意为“天有上帝，我有权利” 意为“天有上帝，我有权利”。 盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、 盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠 和头戴王冠的狮子。 和头戴王冠的狮子。 底部的绿地中有玫瑰（英格兰）， ），蓟 底部的绿地中有玫瑰（英格兰），蓟（苏格 ），韭菜 威尔士）以及三叶草（爱尔兰）。 韭菜（ 兰），韭菜（威尔士）以及三叶草（爱尔兰）。
英国议会制辩论 简介
英国议会制辩论简介英文回答：As a long-standing member of the British Parliament, I have had the privilege of participating in countless debates. The British parliamentary system is renowned for its robust and adversarial approach to debate, and it is often cited as a model for other democratic institutions around the world.One of the things that makes parliamentary debate in the UK so unique is the presence of two opposing sides, the government and the opposition. The government is led by the Prime Minister, who is the head of the political party that has the most seats in the House of Commons. The opposition is made up of all the other political parties in the House of Commons, and their job is to hold the government to account.Debates in the House of Commons typically take place ona Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday afternoon. Each debate is scheduled to last for a certain amount of time, and the Speaker of the House (who is responsible for maintaining order in the chamber) is responsible for ensuring that the debate stays on track.Members of Parliament (MPs) can participate in debates by making speeches, asking questions, or intervening on other MPs' speeches. Speeches are typically delivered from the despatch box, which is a small podium located in the centre of the chamber. MPs can also make interventions by standing up and addressing the Speaker.The tone of debates in the House of Commons can bequite heated at times, and it is not uncommon for MPs to heckle or interrupt each other. However, the Speaker is responsible for ensuring that the debate remains orderly and respectful.At the end of a debate, the motion that is being debated is put to a vote. MPs vote by standing up and being counted, and the motion is passed if it receives a majorityof votes.Parliamentary debate is a vital part of the British political system. It allows MPs to scrutinize the government, hold it to account, and debate important issues facing the country. It is also an opportunity for MPs to represent the views of their constituents and to make their voices heard on the national stage.中文回答：作为英国议会任职多年的议员，我有幸参与了无数次的辩论。
The British Parliament英国议会汇总
members in the lower houses
ways to become members
Ways to become members
People wishing to stand as an MP(Members of Parliament) must be over 18 years of age, be a British citizen or citizen of a Commonwealth country or the Republic of Ireland
The British parliament :
the House of Commons
some introduction
the House of Commons which currently consists of about 646 Members of Parliament elected by the people to represent them.MPs represent voters in a particular area,known as a constituency or seat. MPs are only allowed to sit for the lifetime of the parliament,that is,the length of time between General Elections when a new set of MPs is elected.However,MPs can be reelected a limitless number of times and so popular MPs have veritable(真 正的，名副其实的） careers as parliamentarians.
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Introduction to British Parliamentary DebateBritish Parliamentary Debate is very widespread,and has gained major support in the United Kingdom,Ireland,Europe,Africa,and United States.It has also been adopted as the official style of the World Universities Debating Championship and the European Universities Debating Championship.The MotionEvery debate has a motion;this is the issue for discussion.A good motion has clear arguments in favour of it and against it.The motions used in most debating competition will be controversial issues,and a young person who frequently reads newspaper and thinks about what they are reading will be well equipped to win in debate.The motion is expressed“This House…”:this is a convention and“The House”is all the people present at the debate.Team Constitution(Two sides and Four factions)1.Opening Government(first faction):Prime MinisterDeputy Prime Minister2.Opening Opposition(second faction):Leader of the OppositionDeputy Leader of the Opposition3.Closing Government(third faction):Member for the GovernmentGovernment Whip4.Closing Opposition(fourth faction):Member for the OppositionOpposition WhipTeam RulesEach team is allocated whether they will propose or oppose the motion.The teams are allocated whether they will speak first or second on their side of the motion.You must not contradict the other team on your side,but you are competing against them.You must show the judges that you can debate more persuasively that the teams onthe other side and the other team on your own side.You should therefore not discuss with the other team on your side what you are going to say or help them in any way.You must not talk to anyone other than your partner during the preparation period.The Roles of the Four TeamsOpening Proposition TeamOpening Opposition TeamClosing Proposition TeamClosing Opposition TeamThe Roles of the Opening Proposition TeamFirst speaker(Prime Minister)1.Define the motion(see below).2.Outline the case he and his partner will put forward and explain which speaker will deal with which arguments.3.Develop his own arguments,which should be separated into two or three main points.4.Finish by summarizing his main points.The Roles of the Opening Proposition TeamSecond speaker(Deputy Prime Minister)1.Recapitulate(扼要重述)the team line.2.Rebut the response made by the first opposition speaker to his partner’s speech.3.Rebut the first opposition speaker’s main arguments.4.Develop his own arguments–separated into two or three main points.5.Finish with a summary of the whole team case.The Roles of the Opening Opposition TeamFirst speaker(Leader of the Opposition)1.Respond to the definition if it is unfair or makes no link to the motion.You can re-define(offer an alternative interpretation of the motion),but this can be risky and should only be done when the definition is not debatable(usually better to complain a little and hope the adjudicator gives you credit–“well this is a silly definition but we’re going to debate it and beat you on it anyway”approach).2.Rebut the first proposition speech.3.Outline the case which she and her partner will put forward and explain which speakers will deal with which arguments.4.Offer additional arguments(roughly2)about why the policy is a bad idea,or developa counter case(i.e.an alternative proposal).This decision is largely based on thecircumstances of the debate,and only experience will provide guidance on this.The Roles of the Opening Opposition TeamSecond speaker(Deputy Leader of the Opposition)1.Rebut the speech of the second proposition speaker.2.Offer some more arguments to support your partner’s approach to the motion.3.Summarize the case for your team,including your own and your partner’s arguments.The Roles of the Closing Proposition TeamFirst speaker(Member for the Government)The first speaker must stake his team’s claim in the debate by doing one of the following:1.Extend the debate into a new area(i.e.“this debate has so far focused on the developed world,and now our team will extend that to look at the important benefits for the developing world)2.Introduce a couple of new arguments that make the case on his side more persuasive.(Note:Again,this decision depends on the scenario.This is quite a complex part of debating to master,but it is very important to add something new to the debate or you will be penalized.)The Roles of the Closing Proposition TeamSecond speaker(Government Whip)The last speech of a debate is known as a Summary Speech.In it you should step back and look at the debate as a whole and explain why on all the areas you have argued your side has won.You can:1.Go through the debate chronologically(this is not very advanced and usually not very persuasive either).2.Go through one side’s case and then the other.3.Go through the debate according to the main points of contention(this is the most persuasive and advanced way)explaining why on each of the main issues that have been debated have been won by your side.(Note:You should not introduce new argument.)The Roles of the Closing Opposition TeamFirst speaker(Member for the Opposition)This is very similar to the second proposition role.1.You must rebut the new analysis of the third proposition speaker.2.You must also bring an extension to the debate–i.e.extend the debate into a new area or bring a couple of new arguments to the debate.The Roles of the Closing Opposition TeamSecond speaker(Opposition Whip)The last speech of a debate is known as a Summary Speech.In it you should step back and look at the debate as a whole and explain why on all the areas you have argued your side has won.You can:1.Go through the debate chronologically(this is not very advanced and usually not very persuasive either).2.Go through one side’s case and then the other.3.Go through the debate according to the main points of contention(this is the most persuasive and advanced way)explaining why on each of the main issues that have been debated have been won by your side.(Note:You should not introduce new argument.)Notes for Two Whips1.They must respond to both opposing factions'arguments;2.They should briefly sum up their Opening Faction's case;3.They should offer a conclusion of their own faction's case extension.Debating ProcedureSpeaking alternates between the two sides and the order of the debate is therefore: Phase1:Prime MinisterPhase2:Leader of the OppositionPhase3:Deputy Prime MinisterPhase4:Deputy Leader of the OppositionPhase5:Member for the GovernmentPhase6:Member for the OppositionPhase7:Government WhipPhase8:Opposition WhipPoints of InformationPOI(Point of Information)is important in British Parliamentary style,as it allows the first two factions to maintain their relevance during the course of the debate,and the last two factions to introduce their arguments early in the debate.Rules of POI1.Points of information should be offered in unprotected time(i.e.in the time between the two time signals).2.They should be offered by members of the opposite side only.3.You offer a point of information by standing and saying“point of information”.4.You should aim to offer one point of information every minute during someone else’s speech.This is just a rough guideline.If you offer too few it will look like you cannot argue against the point they are making,and if you offer too many it will look like you are trying to unsettle or harass the speaker.5.Speakers may accept or decline the point of information in any way they like;the simplest is by saying“yes please”,or“no thank you”.6.You should aim to accept two points of information during a7minute speech.7.Points of Information should be quick and to the point(no more than about fifteen seconds).They should offer a new piece of information to explain why what the speaker is saying at the time is wrong.How To Deal With POIMany new debaters find points of information one of the scariest bits of debating.This is usually because they vastly overestimate the intelligence of the speakers on the other side.Remember confidence does not equal intelligence,it only gives that impression and is designed to do so.There are a number of ways of dealing with Points of Information.1.Dismiss them briefly and then get on with your speech(if it was a stupid point).2.Answer them more fully and merge your answer into what you were going to say next.3.Say that you are planning to deal with that point later on in your speech and carry on where you were.If you do this,you absolutely MUST make it utterly explicit when you refute the point later on.You must not use this as a ducking tactic since adjudicators will notice.Case BuildingOne of the most difficult skills in debating is preparing cases(i.e.being First Proposition).Many teams find it difficult to come up with a good case statement and supporting arguments in the15minutes that most tournaments allot for preparation time.The key to success is to recognize your time constraints and live within them.Every other team in the tournament will have similar restrictions placed on them when they are in opening proposition.Accept it and move on.It is not ok to run a case with no opposition to it at all.If your case is(1)tautological(true by definition:the Sun rises in the morning),(2)truistic(true by commonly accepted principles:Hitler was bad)you will be penalised,and will probably lose the debate by default.If the definition is tautological or truistic,the first opposition speaker should explain this,substitute a fair definition and then argue against this new definition.How to make definitionThe following are possible means,not the necessary method for every definition.For different motion,we need to make different definition according to debating experience.1.Time SetTHBT retirement age should be extended.(how many years?)2.Place SetTHBT smoking should be banned in China.(in which location?)3.Extent SetTHBT athletes should be permitted to use Performance Enhancing Drugs in competition.4.Amount SetTHBT subsidies should be granted to inter-faith and inter-ethnic marriage.5.Object SetTHBT euthanasia should be legalized in China.6.Range SetTHBT casino should be legalized in China.2.Classification of Debating typesA)Proposition of Fact(What/Which?)e.g.“That gunpowder was invented in China.”(Debated only between researchers/specialists)B)Proposition of Value(What/Which?)e.g.“This House believes that Affirmative Action is praiseworthy.(keyword here is an adjective)C)Proposition of Policy(How?)e.g.“This House would appease North Korea”(keyword here is a verb)D)Value debating+Policy debatingProstitution should be legalized in China.3.Debating Perspectives(1)ProfitabilityTHBT manned mission should be sent to Mars.(2)EfficiencyThis house believes that health industry should be privatized.(3)Urgency DegreeTHBT developed Nations should accept global warming refugees.(4)SignificanceTHBT prostitution should be legalized.(5)Feasibility(hard to implement or supervise)THBT children should be banned to watch TV over3hours each day.(6)EffectivenessTHBT paper examination should be abolished.(7)Justice and EquityTHBT judiciary judges should be elected.(8)NecessityTHBT Yuanmingyuan should be rebuilt.(9)FairnessTHBT retirement age should be extended.(10)HumanityTHBT voluntary euthanasia should be legalized.4.Essential abilities and quality for debaterLinguistic competence(esp.listening,speaking)Broad Knowledge Reserves(esp.social focus)Logic ThinkingDialectical ThinkingIndependent ThinkingTeamwork SpiritCourtesyDevotion&PassionPositive Mentality(open-mindedness,optimism,aggressiveness,boldness, perseverance,modesty,etc.)5.Opposition StrategiesReview Types of Resolutions(each has unique arguments)Basics of Refutation(4Step Refutation)Opposing PoliciesOpposing ValuesOpposing FactsGeneral Opposition ArgumentsPolicy ResolutionsExample:“The European Union should diplomatically pressure Myanmar to open its borders.”Policy ResolutionsAsk the Proposition to alter or change a current situation.Identified grammatically by“should”or“would”Require opposition to proveProblem in the status quoPlan to deal with that problemHow plan will“solve”for the problemValue ResolutionsExample:“This house believes security needs outweigh environmental needs.”Value ResolutionsAsk the proposition to prove one thing is better than anotherRequires a structure to assess the comparison(a hierarchy of values)identified grammatically by a comparison,for example“better than,”“greater,”“more important,”“justified.”Requires Proposition to proveValue Hierarchy is good interpretationTheir interpretation improves,in some manner,the valueFact ResolutionsExample:“China’s non-intervention policy with Myanmar has strengthened the region.”Fact ResolutionsAsk the proposition to prove something is true or something caused something else Identified grammatically by infinitive verb,for example“to be,”“is,”or“are.”Basics of RefutationFour Step ProcessStep1:say what opponent saidStep2:provide a response(refute it)Step3:explain responseStep4:create impact comparisonThis process allows:Judge and opposing team to follow your argumentsMakes explicit your“warrants”or reasons for why your arguments are to be preferred In other words,it forces you to answer the“why”questionOpposing PoliciesArguments you can makePlan is not necessary(no problem)Plan does not solve for the problemPlan causes worse things to happenPlan could be solved better by another course of actionOpposing ValuesOpposing Values—Arguments you can makeValue structure is bad(value is wrong)Proposition does not uphold their valueProposition does not prove their value applicationOpposing FactsArguments you can makeProposition does not prove its statement about the fact claimOffer a counter interpretation of the fact claim“resolution claim”-argue the Propositions case is not linked to the resolutions given for the debateHow should the resolution be interpretedHow does the proposition case not meet this interpretationGeneric Opposition ArgumentsCritique underlying assumptionsArgue the proposed interpretation(plan,value or fact)rests on faulty assumption that needs be refuted,or criticizedArgue the assumption is harmful to society or that assumption would cause harmUniting StrategiesDo not think of propositions of fact,value,and policy as being always distinct from one another.These areas overlap.Consequently,the strategies overlap.Think practically—what happens if the proposition is affirmed as“true.”If you were a judge of the debate,do you think the proposition has done enough to get your vote?Where do they fail to meet the needs of convincing you?These are avenues for you to point out to your judge.。