英语专业八级考试 人文知识复习

英语专业八级考试

人文知识复习：美国地理概况

本文针对英语专业八级考试的人文知识部分，总结了美国国家的主要地理概况，希望对同学们有所帮助。

The Fall Line瀑布线：A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one.

瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。

The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉：1200 miles long，consists of the Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Plateaus and Appalachian Range.

阿巴拉契亚山脉全场1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亚高原及阿巴拉契亚山脉组成。

The Cordillera Range科迪勒拉山脉：Composed of the Coast Range, the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains.

科迪勒拉山脉由海岸山脉、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山组成。

The Great Basin大盆地：The Part between the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus.

指的是科罗拉多和哥伦比亚高地之间的部分。

The Great Central Plain中部大平原：The land mass between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.

指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亚山之间的平原。

The Great Plain大平原：The western part of the central plain.

大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。

The Mississippi River密西西比河：The longest, the most important river in the U.S.A. . It has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers.

密西西比河是美国最长、最重要的河流。它的流域面积达3225000平方公里。

The Five Great Lakes北美五大湖：Lake Michigan, Superior, Erie, Huron and Ontario.

北美五太湖指的是密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖以及安大略湖。

The Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布：Famous falls in North America, 1240 meters wide, the drop averages 49 meters.

尼亚加拉瀑布是北美最著名的瀑布，有1240米宽，平均落差为49米。

Yellow stone National Park黄石国家公园：Located in the northern part of Wyoming. It is the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A.

黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州的北部地区。是世界上最古老的国家公园，是美国最大的野生保护区。

Grand Canyon大峡谷：In northern Arizona, one of the great natural wonders of the world. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and more than a mile deep. Its walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth.

大峡谷在亚利桑那州的北部，是世界上最伟大的自然奇迹之一。它约有277英里长，18英里宽，约1英里深。它的墙壁断层记录了地球形成的过程。

Old Faithful老忠实喷泉：The most famous gayer in Yellowstone National Park, erupting more than l00 feet in the air about every 73 minutes.

老忠实喷泉是黄石国家公园最著名的喷泉，每73分钟向空中喷水100英尺多高。

Chinatown唐人街：An area in a city where many Chinese people live and where are Chinese shops, restaurants, clubs; two, important Chinatowns: New York City and San Francisco.

唐人街是许多中国人生活、居住的地区，那里有许多中国店铺、饭店、夜总会。两条最重要的唐人街分别在纽约和旧金山。

Indian Reservation印第安保留地：It refers to the barren desert regions where only Indians live exclusively.

印第安保留地指的是专门给印第安人居住的贫瘠的沙漠地区。

New England新英格兰：It consists of six states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut. This region is featured with mountains, valleys, rivers.

新英格兰由六个州组成：缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州、马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州以及康涅狄格。这个地区主要以多山、多山谷、河流为特征。

The Mountain States山地诸州：Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.

山地诸州指的是蒙大拿州、怀俄明州、科罗拉多州以及新墨西哥州。

The Pacific Coast States太平洋沿岸诸州：Washington, Oregon and California.

太平洋沿岸诸州包括华盛顿州、俄勒冈州以及加利弗尼亚州。

Mount McKinley 麦金利山：6187 meters high, on the middle of the Alaska, the highest peak on this continent.

麦金利山高达6187米。在阿拉斯加的中部。是这片大陆上最高的山峰。

Pearl Harbor 珍珠港：The base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A. near the city of Honolulu in Hawaii.

珍珠港是美国太平洋舰队的基地，在夏威夷的火奴鲁鲁市附近。

专八人文常识

1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.

2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位学;在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学,音系学

3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科

4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学

5. acronym :首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是Initialism。

6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。

7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻,一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由like或as引导的短语中，如“我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚）

8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare)隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert沙漠之舟

9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and

a mournful optimist.矛盾修饰法,一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观cruel kindness

10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.

11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.

12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行诗体,一种由十四行