托福TOEFL语法句法完整版ppt

www.pptcn.com
LOGO
• 表语
表语多由形容词、名词担当，也可是介宾短语、不定式、分词或动名词等
1) Quasars----emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation. (A) starlike objects are (B) starlike, they are objects (C) are starlike objects (D) are they starlike objects (2) Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ---in various forms. (A) abundant (B) the abundance (C) an abundant (D) it abundant
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
• 宾语
若谓语动词是及物的，那么及物动词后面一定要接宾语。宾语大部分由名词和代词 的宾格充当，也可是动名词、不定式等
如：He found a ladybird in his pencil-box. I don't want to disturb you. 牢记make possible的三种形式： 1. make+名词+possible； His financial aid makes this trip possible. 2. make+possible+名词（名词短语较长时） His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student's entering of the world famous university. 3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (见形式宾语部分) The father's hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better education.
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
Simple sentence：S+V+O
只有一套主谓结构，从一而终型 代表人物: 张学友
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
简单句几大考点：
状语
主谓结构 宾语
同位语
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
•
主谓结构
缺主谓
(1) Traditionally, ----in New England on Thanksgiving Day. (A) when served is sweet cider (B) when sweet cider is served (C) is served sweet cider (D) sweet cider is served (2) A historical novel may do more than mirror history; ----future events. (A) even influencing (B) it may even influence (C) may even influence (D) that it may even influence
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
(2) The skyscraper, ----, is an architectural form that originated in the United States. (A) is a tall commercial structure (B) a tall commercial structure (C) a tall commercial structure which (D) of which a tall commercial structure （3）Plankton, ----, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean. (A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants (B) is the name given to minute marine animals and plants (C) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants (D) minute marine animals and plants collectively that
(2) The United States Congress made Washington, D.C., ---- in 1800. (A) after the government center (B) of the government center (C) the center of government (D) then the center of government
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
(1) A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the A B C gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall. D
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
• 并列连词
1. 最典型的并列连词有：and, but, or, so, yet, for
2. 固定搭配使用的并列连词： not only…but (also), not only…but…(as well), both…and, either…or, neither…nor, too…to, such(…)as the same….as, between…and as well as(注意和副词as well相区别), (not) so…as as… as, not so much A as B(与其说A不如说B) so/such a … that
• Money is not everything. There’s credit card & Visa. • One should love animals. They are so tasty. • Save water. Shower with your girlfriend. • Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives. • Never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today.
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
• 谓语动词
Having brushed his teeth, XM decided to go to the bathroom filled with boys. Brushing his teeth, XM decided to go to the bathroom filled with boys.
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
Compound sentence: s+v+o, and s+v+o
多套主谓共存，互相独立，针锋相对；夹缝中生存，焦头 烂额 代表人物：谭咏麟
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
• 并列句：
有关并列连词的知识
关于平行结构
由连词 连接的 多套主 谓结构 并存， 彼此之 间相互 没有依 存关系
确实需要多个谓语时需用连词, 或主从句形式加以连接（分号也可 ）如: She looked and smiled. He will give you some advice; he may even help you do it.
并列句中的每个分句及主从句中的每个简单句仍需遵循谓语 专一原则。牢记这一原则才可准确地排除干扰选项，找出句 中的致命错误
Syntax 句法学
LOGO
句法：syntax
• 简单句：simple sentence
只包含一个主谓结构的句子，是英文的基本组成单位
• 并列句：compound sentence
两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构构成，由并列连词连接
• 主从复合句：complex sentence
两个或两个以上互相依从的主谓结构构成，有从句有主句
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
例题：
The edible tube mushroom ----a cushion like, moist cap that is light brown or darkish red. (A) which has (B) to have (C) having (D) has
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
• 同位语Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
填空题中若除去空格部分是完整的主谓结构，且空格与句子其他部分之间用两个 逗号完全隔开或用一个逗号隔开一边，则空格处需要填入同位语或定语
(1) From 1946 to 1949, ----William Henry Hastie served as governor of the Virgin Islands. (A) the lawyer (B) he was the lawyer (C) the lawyer who (D) was the lawyer
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
Garfield曾经说过：
Behind every successful man, there is a woman. And behind every unsuccessful man, there are two.
LOGO
Other famous words of him：
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
(2) ----a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged. (A) Has been (B) It was while (C) She was (D) As (3) ----, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison. (A) Contrary to general belief (B) General belief contrary to (C) Belief contrary to general (D) Contrary belief general to
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
SO……
Syntax is life. There are 3 types of men in this world.
绝世好爸型
焦头烂额型
和谐共处型
Simple sentence 简单句
compound Sentence 并列句
Complex Sentence 复合句
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
• 状语
句子中除了主谓结构外，还可能包含表示时间、地点、方式等内容的状语， 通常由副词、介宾短语来承当。 如：At night, XM go to night club very often. 此句中at night, very often都是状语 (1) ----irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. (A) Its (B) Where its (C) Since its (D) Because of its
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
男孩女孩起床大不同
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
www.pptcn.com
LOGO
谓语专一原则
简单句中只允许存在一个谓语动词，其余动词必须是非谓语 形式。英文中切忌：两个谓语形式的动词直接连接（尤其是 be动词不能和实意动词连用，is do是绝不可能出现的），或 以逗号连接