2014年首都师范大学241二外英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

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(NEW)首都师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年真题及详解

目　录2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2015年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I. Proofreading and Error Correction (1*10 POINTS, 15 MINUTES)Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each numbered line contains ONE error, in which only ONE word is involved. Identify each error and correct it in the following way: copy the wrong word on your ANSWER SHEET and then write down the correct one. Make sure that you write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET!【答案与解析】1．couragement→courage（“勇气”的表达为“courage”。

）2．crops→crop（crop rotation为固定搭配，意思是“作物轮作”。

）3．than→to（superior to为固定搭配，意思是“优于；比……优越”，虽然有比较的意思，但是不能与than搭配。

）4．exist→existence（in existence现有的，为固定搭配。

）5．more→more（easy的比较级为easier，不能用more easier。

）6．the→a（句意：他首先是一个不知疲倦的好作家。

文中并没有提到过关于他是“writer”的其他事情，因此不能用特指。

2014年考研英语2真题

2014年考研英语2真题IntroductionThe 2014 English Language Proficiency Test for Postgraduate Admission (English 2) was a significant milestone for students preparing to pursue higher education in China. This article aims to analyze the content, structure, and language skills required in the exam, as well as provide tips for effective preparation.Overview of the ExamThe 2014 English Language Proficiency Test for Postgraduate Admission (English 2) consisted of three sections: Reading Comprehension, Cloze Test, and Translation. Each section assessed different language abilities and required students to demonstrate their understanding and proficiency in English.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionIn this section, students were required to read a set of passages and answer related questions. The passages covered a range of topics, including literature, science, history, and social issues. The questions focused on various aspects such as main ideas, supporting details, vocabulary usage, and inferencing skills. To excel in this section, students needed to have a solid grasp of vocabulary and be able to comprehend and analyze complex texts.Section 2: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test aimed to assess students' abilities in grammar, vocabulary, and context. Participants were presented with a passage fromwhich certain words were omitted. They had to choose the most appropriate word from a list of options to fill in the blanks. This section required a good understanding of sentence structures, collocations, and idiomatic expressions.Section 3: TranslationThe Translation section required students to translate a Chinese passage into English. The passage touched upon academic content from fields such as politics, economics, and literature. Students were evaluated based on the accuracy, fluency, and coherence of their translations. To excel in this section, candidates needed to have a deep understanding of both languages, as well as strong translation skills.Tips for Effective Preparation1. Expand Vocabulary: Enhancing vocabulary is crucial for success in the Reading Comprehension and Cloze Test sections. Students should regularly read English books, newspapers, and articles to improve their word bank. Flashcards, vocabulary quizzes, and word association exercises are effective tools for learning and memorizing new words.2. Practice Reading Comprehension: Familiarize yourself with various topics and passage structures by practicing reading comprehension exercises. Focus on improving your reading speed while maintaining comprehension. Pay special attention to identifying the main idea, supporting details, and logical connections within the passages.3. Master Grammar and Syntax: Develop a strong foundation in grammar and syntax to excel in the Cloze Test. Regularly practice exercises that focus on different grammar rules, sentence structures, and idiomaticexpressions. Pay attention to collocations and word forms as they play a crucial role in sentence completion.4. Enhance Translation Skills: To improve translation skills, students should practice translating both from English to Chinese and Chinese to English. Familiarize yourself with specialized terms and phrases in various academic fields. Focus on maintaining accuracy, clarity, and naturalness in your translations.ConclusionThe 2014 English Language Proficiency Test for Postgraduate Admission (English 2) posed significant challenges for students. By understanding the exam structure, honing necessary language skills, and following effective preparation strategies, students can enhance their chances of success in this important milestone towards their academic pursuits. With dedication and consistent practice, students can improve their English proficiency and excel in the exam.。

2014年北京第二外国语学院214翻译硕士法语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年北京第二外国语学院214翻译硕士法语考研真题及详解A. Partie de questions àchoix multiple (30’)Lisez bien chaque dialogue. Vous devez choisir et cocher la bonne réponse.1. « Je n’invite pas son frère àmon anniversaire.—Pourquoi ? Tu ne l’aimes pas ?—Non, il reste toujours dans un coin, ne parle àpersonne. Il est vraiment trop _____.»A. bavardB. bruyantC. excitéD. réservé【答案】D【解析】句意：“我没有邀请他的哥哥参加我的生日会。

”“为什么？你不喜欢他吗？”“不是，他总是待在角落，不和任何人说话。

他实在是太拘谨了。

”bavard健谈的。

bruyant吵闹的。

excité激动的。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

2. « Tes photos sont magnifiques. Ton appareil doit être super perfectionné! —Pas du tout. C’était un _____»A. durableB. jetableC. pliableD. portable【答案】B【解析】句意：“你的照片拍的真好看。

你的相机一定非常先进！”“完全不是。

这是一个一次性照相机。

”durable持久的。

pliable可折叠的。

portable可携带的。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

3. « Prends ton parapluie. Il fait un temps de _____»A. canardB. chienC. crocodileD. poisson【答案】B【解析】句意：带上你的雨伞。

2014考研英语二真题答案（文字版）

2014年考研英语（⼆）真题答案 1. [B] concluded 2. [A ]protective 3. [[C] Likewise 4. [A] indicator 5. [D] concern 6. [A]in terms of 7. [C] equals 8. [C] in turn 9. [D] straightforward 10. [B] while 11. [A]shape 12. [B] qualify 13. [C] normal 14. [D] tendency 15. [B] pictured 16. [D] associated 17. [A]Even 18. [D] grounded 19.[C] policies 20.[B] against Part A Text 1 21.[B] A special tour 22.[A] critical 23.[D] rarity generally increases pleasure 24.[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase 25.[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent Text 2 26. [A ]our self-ratings are unrealistically high 27. [C] intuitive response 28. [B]believe in their attractiveness 29. [A] instinctively 30. [D] withhold their unflattering sides Test3 暂⽆ 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Text 4 36. [B]involves certain political factors 37. [C]suffered government biases 38. [A] allow greater government debt for housing 39. [C] contribute to funding new developments 40. [D] stop generous funding to the housing sector Part B 41 .[D] represents the elegance of the British land art 42 .[E] depicts the ordinary side of the British land art 43 .[G] contains images from different parts of the same photograph 44 .[C] reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition 45 . [A] originates from a long walk that the artist took 46. 翻译参考：（逐句对照） Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half full. ⼤多数⼈将乐观定义为永远快乐，总觉得杯⼦⾥的⽔还有⼀半。

2014年全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。

2014考研英语二真题及答案解析

2014考研英语二真题及答案解析Secti on I Use of En glishDirections :Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A , B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Thinner isn ' t always better A number of studies have __1 __ that no rmal —weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight . And2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually __ 2 __ . For example，heavier wome n are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women ・__ 3 __ among the elderly，being somewhat overweight is often an __ 4 __ of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact thatobesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 _________________ body massindex , or BMI . BMI _______ 7__ body massdivided by the square of height . An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight . Between 25 and 30 isoverweight . And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity , 8 _________________ , can be divided intomoderately obese, severely obese, and veryseverely obeseWhile such n umerical sta ndards seem 9 ,they are not . Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit , 10 otherswith a low BMI may be in poor 11 . For example , many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low . Conversely , some one with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI .Today we have a (an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace . The overweight are sometimes_15」n the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity in elude laziness, lack of will power , and lowerprospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professi on als have bee n show n to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young childre n tend to look dow n on the overweight , and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools .1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] en sured2 . [A] protective [B] dangerous [C]sufficie nt [D]troublesome3. [A] In stead [B] However [C] Likewise[D] Therefore4. [A] in dicator [B] objective [C] origin [D]example5. [A] impact [B] releva nee [C] assista nee [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determ ines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in esse nee [B] in con trast [C] in tur n [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] uni ike [C] si nce [D] unl ess11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D]taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] cha ngeable [C] normal [D] con sta nt14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportu nity[D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] mon itored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Y et [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ign ored [D] gro un ded19 . [A] discussi ons [B] bus in esses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without 更多资料请登入：夺魁考研网(/ )Secti on II Readi ng Comprehe nsionPart ADirections :Read the following four texts . Answer the questions below each text by choosing A , B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a questi on for Gloria Macke nzie , an 84 —year —old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin —roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest un divided lottery jackpot in history . If she hopes her new —found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment , she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dum n and Michael Nort onThese two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can becounterintuitive . Fantasies of great wealth ofte n in volve visi ons of fancy cars and extravagant homes . Yetsatisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old —hat; regret creeps in . It is far better to spend money on experie nces, say Ms Dumn and Mr Nort on , like interesting trips , unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases oftenbecome more valuable with time —as stories or memories —particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others .This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get themost "happ in ess bang for your buck . "It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work , spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television ( something the averageAmerica n spe nds a whopp ing two mon ths a year doing , and is hardly jollier for it ). Buying gifts or giving to charity isoften more pleasurable than purchas ing thi ngs for on eself , and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly . This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib —a marketing trick that has tur ned the pork san dwich into an object of obsessi on.Readers of “ HappyMoney are clearly a privileged lot , anxious about fulfillment , not hun ger. Money may not quite buy happ in ess , but people in wealthier coun tries are gen erally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be see n among rich and poor people around theworld , and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not every one will agree with the authors 'olicy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers . But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spe nt。

考研网：2014考研英语二真题及答案之阅读题

考研网：2014考研英语二真题及答案之阅读题2014年考研真题及答案最新资讯发布尽在考研真题栏目及考研答案栏目，以下是小编您第一时间为您编辑整理的2014年英语二考研真题及答案解析，以便大家准确估分。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)

2014考研真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。

2014年考研英语试题及答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent ,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A] where[B] when[C] that[D] why2.[A] improves[B] fades[C] recovers[D] collapses3.[A] If[B] Unless[C] Once[D] While4.[A] uneven[B] limited[C] damaging[D] obscure5.[A] wellbeing[B] environment[C] relationship[D] outlook6.[A] turns[B] finds[C] points[D] figures7.[A] roundabouts [B] responses[C] workouts[D] associations8.[A] genre[B] functions[C] circumstances[D] criterion9.[A] channel[B] condition[C] sequence[D] process10.[A] persist[B] believe[C] excel[D] feature11.[A] Therefore[B] Moreover[C] Otherwise[D] However12.[A] according to[B] regardless of[C] apart from[D] instead of13.[A] back[B] further[C] aside[D] around14.[A] sharpness[B] stability[C] framework[D] flexibility15.[A] forces [B] reminds[C] hurries[D] allows16.[A] hold[B] track[C] order[D] pace17.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on18.[A] irregularly[B] habitually[C] constantly[D] unusually19.[A] carry[B] put[C] build[D] take20.[A] risky[B] effective[C] idle[D] familiarSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really?On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allow ance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to .[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B] encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means .[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government[D] to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel .[A] uneasy [B] enraged [C] insulted [D] guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia andBritain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to .[A] the growing demand from clients [B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms [D] the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from .[A] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession[C] the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it .[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses .[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3The US $ 3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobles, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobles were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth [B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers’ investments [D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .[A] the profit-oriented scientists [B] the founders of the new awards[C] the achievement-based system [D] peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is atypical case which involves .[A] controversies over the recipients’status [B] the joint effort of modern researchers[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes [D] the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobles?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are .[A] acceptable despite the criticism [B] harmful to the culture of research[C] subject to undesirable changes [D] unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence inhumanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solveproblems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical [B] Appreciative [C] Contemptuous [D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are .[A] supportive of free markets [B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy [D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs And E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge insouthern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists René Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41.→ A →42.→ E →43.→ 44.→45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Erotica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.。

2014考研英语二真题及答案解析

2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text．Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET．（10 points）Thinner isn‟t always better． A number of studies have __1___ that normal－weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight．And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___．For example，heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women．___3___ among the elderly，being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health．Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define．It is often defined ___6___ body mass index，or BMI．BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height．An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight．Between 25 and 30 is overweight．And over 30 is considered obese．Obesity，___8___，can be divided into moderately obese，severely obese，and very severely obese．While such numerical standards seem 9 ，they are not．Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat．Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit，10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 ．For example，many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese，though their percentage body fat is low．Conversely，someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI．Today we have a（an）_14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace．The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered．Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness，lack of will power，and lower prospects for success．Teachers，employers，and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese．_17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight，and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools．1．[A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2．[A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3．[A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4．[A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5．[A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6．[A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7．[A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8．[A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9．[A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10．[A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11．[A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12．[A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13．[A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14．[A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15．[A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16．[A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18．[A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19．[A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20．[A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without更多资料请登入：夺魁考研网（/）Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C or D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET．（40 points）Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie，an 84－year －old widow who recently emerged from her small，tin－roofed house in Florida to collect thebiggest undivided lottery jackpot in history．If she hopes her new－found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment，she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton．These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive．Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes．Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old－hat；regret creeps in．It is far better to spend money on experiences，say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton，like interesting trips，unique meals or even going to the cinema．These purchases often become more valuable with time－as stories or memories－particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others．This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck．" It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work，spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television （something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it）．Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself，and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly．This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib －a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession．Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot，anxious about fulfillment，not hunger．Money may not quite buy happiness，but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones．Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world，and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people．Not everyone will agree with the authors‟ policy ideas，which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers．But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

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2014年首都师范大学241二外英语考研真题及详解
Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (30%, 1 point for each)
Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.
1. Please don’t be _____ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.
A. disregarded
B. distorted
C. irritated
D. intervened
【答案】C
【解析】句意：请不要因为他的无礼而生气，他只是想吸引别人的注意。

irritate生气；恼怒。

be irritated by被……惹恼；固定表达。

disregard忽视；不理。

distort扭曲。

intervene 干涉；调停。

2. Joe assured his boss that he would _____ all his energies in doing his job.
A. call at
B. call on
C. call forth
D. call off
【答案】C
【解析】句意：乔向他的老板保证，他将竭尽所能地完成他的工作。

call forth all energies 表示“调动所有精力；竭尽所能”。

call at打电话给。

call on号召；呼吁。

call off放弃。

3. The new item about the earthquake in Whittier City was followed by a detailed record made on the _____.
A. spot
B. site
C. location
D. ground
【答案】A
【解析】句意：惠蒂尔市地震的新项目伴随着的是现场的详细记录。

on the spot当场；在现场；固定搭配。

4. Charles Darwin established his theory of evolution on the base of the remarkable _____ of life on the Galapagos Islands.
A. classification
B. density
C. diversion
D. variety
【答案】D
【解析】句意：查尔斯达尔文在加拉帕戈斯群岛上的生物多样性的基础上建立了他的进化论。

variety多样；种类多样化。

classification分类；类别，等级。

density密度。

diversion 转移；分散。

5. Shortage of capital was a main factor holding _____ economic development in this area.
A. on
B. back
C. down
D. out
【答案】B
【解析】句意：资金短缺是阻碍这一地区经济发展的主要因素。

hold back抑制；阻止。

hold on等一下；继续。

hold down压低；缩减。

hold out坚持；伸出。

6. The pollution problem as well as some other issues will be discussed when the Congress is in _____ again next spring.
A. assembly
B. session
C. conference
D. convention
【答案】B
【解析】句意：当明年春天议会再度开会时，污染问题和几个其他的问题将被讨论。

in
session开会；在会议中；固定搭配。

assembly装配；集会，集合。

conference会议；讨论；通常不与介词in搭配使用。

convention惯例；约定。

7. In order to survive in the intense market competition, we must _____ the qualities and varieties of our products to the market demand.
A. improve
B. enhance
C. guarantee
D. gear
【答案】D
【解析】句意：为了在激烈的市场竞争中生存下来，我们必须使产品的质量和品种适应市场需求。

gear sth. to使……适合于；为固定搭配。

improve提高；enhance加强；guarantee 保证；三项都不与介词to搭配使用。

8. The doctor gave me a chest X-ray and _____ some medicine for me.
A. prescribed
B. floated
C. drugged
D. drifted
【答案】A
【解析】句意：医生给我做了X光胸透，还给我开了一些药。

prescribe开处方。

float浮动；飘动。

drug使服麻醉药；使服毒品。

drift漂流，漂移。

9. Our _____ talks promise a good future for our cooperation.
A. interior
B. insurance
C. initial
D. invisible
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们的初步会谈为我们的合作提供了一个良好的未来。

initial初步的；初级的。

interior内部的；国内的。

insurance保险；保险费。

invisible无形的，看不见的。

10. The theory of _____ was developed by Darwin and is now understood by nearly
everybody in the world.
A. determination
B. distribution
C. evolution
D. discipline
【答案】C
【解析】句意：进化论是由达尔文提出的，现在世界上几乎所有人都能理解。

the theory of evolution进化论，为固定表达。

determination决心；果断。

distribution分布；分配。

discipline学科；纪律。

11. I don’t doubt _____ he will sooner or later succeed.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. when
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我不怀疑他迟早会成功。

that引导宾语从句做don’t doubt的宾语，表示肯定意义。

12. The editorial _____ now will appear in tomorrow’s newspaper.
A. writing
B. to write
C. being written
D. written
【答案】C
【解析】句意：正在写的社论将会出现在明天的报纸上。

根据时间状语now可知空格处应表示现在进行时。

editorial与动词write之间存在动宾关系，所以要用被动形式。

综合可知答案选C。

13. People throughout the world are eating _____ meat per person as they did in 1945.
A. twice as much
B. more than twice。