机械毕业设计英文外文翻译609组合机床现状与前景

ⅡAggregate machine-tool and from generatortechnological developmentIn uses the CNC three coordinates processing’s module from the generator in and transfers the tow the aggregate machine-tool and the aggregate machine-tool from the generator are one kind of special-purpose highly effective automation technical equip, at present, because it still was the mass mechanical product realization is highly effective, high grade and the efficient production key equipment, thus is widely applied to the automobile, the tractor, the internal combustion engine and the compressor and soon many industrial productions domain. Among them, specially the automobile industry, is the aggregate machine-tool and from the generator biggest user. If the German populace automotive factory in the Slaughter engine factory, the metal-cutting machine tool which at the beginning of the 90's uses mainly is from the generator (60%),the aggregate machine-tool (20%) and the processing center (20%).Obviously, in the mass production mechanical industry sector, the equipmentwhich massively uses is the aggregate machine-tool and from the generator. Therefore, aggregate machine-tool and its from the generator technical performance and the synthesis automation level, has decided these industry sector products production efficiencies, the product quality and the ent erprise production organization’s structure in the very great degree, also has decided the enterprise product competitive ability in the very great degree.The modern aggregate machine tool and from the generator took the integration of machinery product, it is technical the and so on control, actuation, survey, monitoring, cutting tool and mechanical module synthesis reflection. In the recent 20 years, these technologies have make great strides, simultaneously as aggregate machine-tool main profession and so on user's automobile and internal combustion engine also has the very big change, its produce market life unceasingly reduces, the variety increases day by day also the quality unceasingly enhances. These factors powerfully impelled and have driven the aggregate machine tool and from the generator technology unceasing development.1Aggregate machine-tool variety development keyIn aggregate machine-tool this kind of special purpose machine, the rotation type multiplex position aggregate machine-tool and holds thievery important status from the generator. Because these two kind of engine beds may assign the work piece many processing’s working procedure to many Canadian location in, and at the same time can carryon the processing from many directions to the work piece several surface, in addition, but also may through the indexing jig (on rotary table engine bed) or through indexing, the turn over installment (inform generator in) realizes the work piece five processing’s or completely processes, thus has the very high automat city and the production efficiency, by industry sector and so on the automobile, motorcycle and compressor uses.According to related statistical data, Germany in 1,990 ~ in 1992period, the rotation type multiplex position aggregate machine-too land approximately respectively accounts for the aggregate machine-tool total from the generator output about 50%.Should point out that, the rotation type multiplex position tool-tool is in fact one kind of special pattern small from the generator, suits to processing overall size <= 250mm center small. With compares from the generator, in the processing identical kind of work piece situation, the rotation type multiplex position tool-tool occupies the work area to have to be approximately smaller than from the generator 2/3.2 Further reduces from the generator meter timeAt present, take the mass production as the characteristic passenger vehicle and the light truck, its engine annual output usually is about600, 000, the realization such great volume production, the rotation type multiplex position aggregate machine-tool and from the generator in three class of movements situations, its meter time generally is 20~ 30 seconds, when the components production batch is bigger, the engine bed meter time also must shorter (table 1). In the 70's, must realize the such short meter from the generator, often must use the compound double location or the establishment double thread means, namely to decides from the generator meter,the working procedure time longest processing working procedure to have through the parallel two same proc essing’s location, if the restrictive working procedure are more time, then through uses two same from the generator balances from generator system processing meter. Obviously, like this must increase the equipment investment and the work area.Reduces the non-cutting time mainly is reduces including the work piece transportation, the processing module fast introduction as wells the processing module by quickly enters transforms enters after the labor cuts into the time to the cutting tool which the work piece spend. In order to reduce this part of spatial travel time, generally uses enhance the work piece (work piece direct transportation) or accompanies the jig the transfer rate and the processing module rapid traverse speed. At present, accompanies the jig the transfer rate tube possible to reach 60m/min or higher, the processing module rapid traverse speed reaches 40m/min. At present, accompanies the jig high speed feed way commonly used to have the proportion valve to control or the cycloid actuation feedway. At the end of the 70's, Hon berg Corporation has used the feed way in its processing gear box body from the generator in which the proportion valve controls. Should from generator long 18.2m, some 12 Canadian location, transportation step of distance be 1400mm, the transportation weights 7000kg, the transfer rate reaches 45.6m/min, step of distance transportation time is only 2.5s. Chart 4 is this feed way state of motion curve. Because the proportion valve control system haste good start and the braking quality, also the system structure is simple, until now, this kind of feed way still many is used from the generator.3 Aggregate machine-tool flexibility progress is rapidMore than ten for years, took the aggregate machine-tool important user the automobile industry, for caters to the people individuality demand, the automobile aberration variety increases day by day, launches the competition by the multi- varieties to become one of auto market competition characteristics, this causes the tool-tool manufacturing industry to face is changing form thematic- varieties production challenge. In order to adapt themulti-varieties production, the tradition processes the sole variety the rigidity aggregate machine tool and must enhance its flexibility from the generator. In the 70's, the numerical control system reliability had the very big enhancement, therefore to at the end of the 70's and at the beginning of the 80's, like Align, Hüller-Hille and company and so on Ex-cell-o develops the numerical control processing module and the flexibility one after another from the generator, from this time on the numerical control aggregate machine-tool and the flexibility increase year by year from the generator. From 1988 to1992, the Japan aggregate machine-tool and (including partial other forms special purpose machine) the output numerical control rate has reached 32% from the generator ~ 39%, the output value numerical control ratio reaches 35% ~ 51%; The Germany aggregate machine-too land from the generator output numerical control rate is 18% ~ 62%, the output value numerical control rate reaches 45% ~ 66%. These numerals indicated that, in the recent ten years, the tool-tool numerical control development is extremely rapid. Should point out that, since has entered for the 90's, the auto market competition hastens intensely, the produce market lifefurther reduces, the new vehicle type development cycle reduces (at present generally is day by day 35 months), the automobile variety unceasingly increases, thus the automobile industry increases day by day to the flexible automation technical equip demand quantity. If the Japanese Toyota car company, is the company subordinate factory flexibility processing system popular rate achieves 100% in this century's end goal. Very obviously, the aggregate machine tool and its at maintains its high production efficiency from the generator under the condition, further enhances its flexibility on increasingly to have the vital significance.The aggregate machine-tool flexibility mainly is through uses the numerical control technology to realize. The development flexibility aggregate machine-tool and the flexibility develops the numerical control processing module from the generator important premise, but has the longer development history the processing center technology to provide the mature experience for the development numerical control processing module. Flexibility aggregate machine-tool and flexibility’scomposed which by the numerical control processing module from generator, the passable application and the change numerical control procedure realizes from moves the knife, automatically replaces the change processing traveling schedule, the operating cycle, the cutting parameter as well as processes the position and soon, adapts the aberration variety processing. The flexibility aggregate machine-tool and the flexibility the numerical control processing module which use from the generator, according to its numerical control coordinates (axis) the number, mainly has the single coordinates (Z), the double coordinates (X-Z, Y-Z, Z-U and Z-B and soon) and three coordinates (X-Y-Z) processes the module; According toots main axle number, has the single axle and the multiple spindle processing module, also has the single axle and the multiple spindle compound process.The column moves the type CNC three coordinates processing’s module tube possible to use X axis and the Y axis linkage realizes the peripheral craft, specially when gear box body this kind of rigidity worse work piece, mayuse compares the minor diameter the milling cutter, the realization is high speed (cutting speed to reach 2500m/min) peripheral, from this reduces time the processing the work piece distortion. This uses the double coordinates processing module with the large diameter milling cutter to carry on much more superior than. The multiple spindle-processing module is another kind of important module, mainly uses in to process the box body and the plate class work piece flexibility aggregate machine-tool and the flexibility from the generator. This kind of module has the many kinds of different structural style, but basically may divide into from moves the box type multiple spindle processing module (chart 7), transfers the tower system multiple spindle processing module (chart 8) and the rotation work table model multiple spindle processing module (chart 9). From moves the box type module because may specially establish in many storehouses stores up therefore may use for to process more different varieties the work piece. But transfers the tower system and the rotation work table model multiplespindle processing module, because allows the rotary table which installs to be limited (generally is 4 ~ 6), therefore this kind of processing module only can realize the limited variety processing system multiple spindle processing module, not only may realize the different variety work piece processing, moreover in from generator meter time in (if metre adequate time), this kind of processing module also may in the identical Canadian location through it from moves the knife or trades the box, realizes the multi channel processing working procedure (to bethink in turn The drill hole, drills outland attacks the silk), thus reduces from the generator processing labor figure, reduces from the generator length. The single axle and the multiple spindle compound processing module is one kind of three coordinates numerical controls processing module, passable from has moved the knife either automatically replaces realizes the single axle processing or the multiple spindle processing. Is worth mentioning, Corporation promotes the CNCMACH modulation system in 80'sintermediate stages Germany Hon berg (chart 10) is hasthe characteristic very much one kind of modular system, this system full application modulation structure principle, in took the system base module in the CNC three coordinates module, through fluctuates each kind of different function module, assembles Cheng Gashing the different coordinates or does not use the craft use the processing module. To be specific, looking from the coordinates, besides three coordinates, but also may the group form a pair the coordinates and the single coordinates processing module; Looking from the knife storehouse that, may install the cutting tool store house may alone realize the cutting tool automatic replacements, also may realize the cutting tool replacements in turn.CNC MACH system, not only in mechanism aspect, moreover in aspect ands on control and software also is the modulation. Therefore, uses this system module, may very conveniently assemble the flexibility from the generator (FTL), the flexible processing unit (FMC) or the flexible manufacture system (FMS). Besides above each kind of CNCprocessing module, the robot and the servo actuatethe jig also are the flexibility aggregate machine-tool and the flexibility from the generator important part. Specially in the flexibility from the generator in, at present comparatively generally has used the Dragon Gate type spatial frame robot to carry on the work piece on the automatic yummy treats, uses in work piece indexing or the turn over. In order to transport the different work piece, may in from the generator nearby the establishment fingernail storehouse, the realization fingernail automatic replacement. The jig provides the servo drive, adapts in the work piece race the different work piece automatically to clamp. Chart 11 shows are a processing carrying capacity truck eight kind of gearboxes bodies’ flexibility from the generator. This line uses the numerical control processing module has four double coordinates numerical controls module, six numerical controls transfers the tower system multiple spindle processing module and six numerical controls three coordinates processing module. The auxiliary location has cleans the location and uses the robot to carry on the operation the attire to clamp the workstation.Because composes from the generator processing module all is the numerical control, when by one kind of work piece processing transformation for another kind of work piece processing, only must be good through the change numerical control procedure, but did not need to carry on aspect the and so on machinery adjustment and the equipment.The aggregate machine-tool reduces day by day from the generator flexibility rapid development and the meter time, fully had demonstrated the CNC technology and the cutting tool technology the huge technology advancement which bring for the aggregate machine-tool automatic line, causes the flexibility from the generator in thematic- varieties, the mass production to become the important technical equip. But must point out in here that, during the tool-tool and from generator realization flexibility development, the processing center high-speed development exceptionally is rapid. At the beginning of the 90's, the flexible production line which discomposed by this kind of high speed processing center enter the mass realm of production, appeared the processing center and from thegenerator competition aspect.------ Rajput R K Elements of Mechanical Engineering. Katson Publ.House 组合机床现状与前景 组合机床和组合机床自动线是一种专用高效自动化技术装备，目前，由于它仍是大批量机械产品实现高效、 高质量和经济性生产的关键装备，因而被广泛应用于汽车、拖拉机、内燃机和压缩机等许多工业生产领域。