在职硕士英语考试text

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2023年在职硕士联考英语真题试题及答案A卷

2023年在职硕士联考英语真题试题及答案(A卷)Part I Dialogue CommunicationSection A1.Man: Jane, you won’t believe it. I won the lottery.Woman: __________.Man: No, it’s true. When I found out, I was shocked.A.So what?B.Does it really count?C.Are you putting me on?D.Immagine that!2. Man: It’s raining cats and dogs outside. Did you remember to bring the umbrella?Woman: Oops. __________.A.everything is fineB.you can count on meC.it’ll clear up soonD.it slipped my mind this morning3. Man: ________. How can I possibly review all this material by next week?Woman: Take it easy. I’ll help you with it.A.I’m going crazy!B.Can’t wait.C.I’m glad it’s finally over.D.What a load off!4. Man: G et a move on. We need to be at the airport in an hour.Woman: Come on! There’s plenty of time. Remember, we’re going on this trip to relax, __________.A.we’re in the same boat.B.not the other way aroundC.so let’s goD.so forget it5. Wife: Can you come over here please? Which one is better?Husband: __________.Wife: Come on, can’t you make u p your mind for once?A.I have no ideaB.I have nothong more to sayC.I don’t careD.I don’t like itSection B6. Man: I heard you’ve got a wonderful job in a post office. How is your new job going?Woman: I just feel like a fish out of water.Question: What does the woman feel about her new job?A.she is satisfied with itB.she feels uncomfortable itC.she feels it’s her dream come trueD.she finds it demanding7. Man: Hi, Linda. Are you going to teach after you graduate from that university?Woman: Where did you get the idea like that?Question: What can be concluded about Linda?A: She has no desire to teachB. She likes teaching very muchC. She has no idea about teachingD. She may choose to teach8. Man: Why, you have to ask your parents to pay your rent?Woman: Well, I am unable to make ends meet.Question: What do we know about the woman?A: She is unable to manage her moneyB. She can’t g et her parents to pay her rent.C. She can’t help her parents outD. She is financially in trouble9. Man: Ken and Sandra hope to sell their houses for $3 million.Woman: Yeah. They always think big.Question: What does the woman think of Ken and Sandra’s plan?A.It’s worth trying.B.It’s realistic.C.It’s not going to work.D.It’s ridiculous.10. Man: Excuse me. Do you need some help?Woman: Well… I’m trying to get to the railway station. But I can’t make heads or tails of this ticket machine.Question: What is the woman’s problem?A.She doesn’t have the small change with her.B.She doesn’t know how to use the machine.C.She is not sure how much the trip will costD.She is unable to get the ticket in time.Part II11. Discipline cannot be ______ until the last day of school has passed.A. lessenedB. reducedC. relaxedD. lowered12. some people argue that _____ regulations for water pollution will drive up costs and put jobs at risk.A. firmB. tightC. tenseD. close13. To keep her job, she has to ______ the bad temper of her boss.A. put up withB. take up onC. make up forD. come up with14. Student journalists are taught how to be ______ when writing in a limited space.A. convincingB. briefC. appealingD. expressive15. The discussion was so _____ that at intervals the speakersstopped for refreshments.A. exhaustedB. exhaustingC. excitedD. exciting16. The popularity of these schools is growing steadly _____ their tuition fees.A. instead ofB. in favor ofC. in spite ofD. in place of17. It is often not easy to _______ the marked generation gap which exists between the young and their elders.A. broadenB. breakC. bridgeD. build18. The drive from England to Scotland provides the tourist with many pleasant changes of ______.A. sceneryB. sightC. perspectiveD. scene19. This ambitious project, ______ scores of organizations around the world, will take at least ten years to be acomplished.A. indicatingB. composingC. containingD. involing20. Because of the popularity of the region, visitors are advised to book hotels _____.A. in orderB. in personC. in turnD. in advance21. He purposely ignored her call beca use he just didn’t feel like ______.A. disturbingB. to disturbC. being disturbedD. to be disturbed22. Do you really think Bill will help you write the report? Don’t count your chickens ____ they are hatched.A. asB. afterC. beforeD. while23. If you want a thing _____ well, do it yourself.A. doneB. doingC. to doD. being done24. The committee members agreed to the proposal that theissue _____ to immediate voting.A. is to be putB. be putC. should putD. must be put25. So loudly ______ that even people in the next room could hear him.A. did he speakB. does he speakC. he spokeD. he speaks26. To master a foreign language like French requires hard work, so you ____ study too hard.A. shouldB. mustC. can’tD. may not27. Gaining a new customer costs _____ keeping an old one.A. as many as five timesB. five times as many asC. as much as five timesD. five times as much as28. People with glasses are perceived to be up to ten IQ pointsmore intelligent than ____.A. those withoutB. that withoutC. these withoutD. one without29. Reading books, _____ takes the reader to other worlds, is a wonderful way to “escape”.A. thatB. whatC. asD. which30. Take 60mg up to four times a day, _____ advised otherwise by a doctor.A. ifB. untilC. thoughD. unlessPart III Reading ComprehensionPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneThe rich have traditionally passed their wealth on to their children. But an increasing number of billionaires are choosing not to. The reason? They want their children to live on themselves—and not to turn into spoiled successors.Nicola Horlick or “supermum”, a famous British billionaire, owing to fact that she has high-flying jobs and five kids has spent her career making a reported £250m. She now seems determined to throw off large parts of it. She already gives away about 25% of her income each year; she has just revealed, in a report on the state of charity in the city, that she will not be leaving most of the remainder to her children. “I think it is wrong to give too much inherited wealth to children,” Horlick told the report’s authors. “I w ill not be leaving all my wealth to my children because that would just ruin their lives.”She is by no means the first to go public with this conviction. Bill Gates has put an estimated $30bn into the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This was supplemented, in 2023, by another $24bn or so from his friend Warren Buffett.Buffett has always been colorful, quotably clear on where he stands. His daughter often tells a story of finding herself without change for a car parking ticket—her father lent her $20, then promptly made her write him a check. “To suggest that the children of the wealthy should be just as wealthy,” he has said, “is like saying the members of America’s 2023 Olympic team should be made up only of the children of the 1980 Olympic team.”Anita Roddick, the late founder of the Body Shop, told her kids that they would not inherit one penny. The money that she made from the company would go into the Body Shop Foundation, which isn’t one of those awful tax shelters, like some in America. It just functions to take themoney and give it away.31.The billionaires mentioned in the passage don’t want toleave much of their wealth to their children because ________.A. they prefer to give their wealth to charityB. they want their business to go on healthilyC. they believe too much wealth will harm their childrenD. they hope their children can make more money themselves32.What do we learn about Nicola Horlick?A.She has already given away about 25% of her wealth.B.She is the first one who declares to give away her wealth.C.She will leave only a small portion of her wealth to her kids.D.She inherited most of her wealth from her parents.33.Buffett distinguishes himself for ________.A.his clear-cut positionB.being strict with his childrenC.his talent in financial managementD.being a giant in the stock market34.According to Buffett’s daughter, her father ________.A.refuses to lend her moneyB.wants her to invest in the Olympic GamesC.never gives her more money than necessaryD.always makes sure that she returns his money35.It is implied in the last paragraph that some foundations are used by the rich to ________.A.provide shelter for the poorB.build good fameC.avoid paying taxD.support their businessPassage TwoIt is football time again. Currently, the qualifying rounds are being played to decide which countries will send teams to the 2023 World Cup. Soccer is becoming more and more popular on a worldwide scale and these qualifying legs are causing much excitement.The game is popular at club level as well. Many fans go every week to support their team, whether the event is a home or away one, hoping to get a result. They all hope an attacking game, with a lot of goals being scored. Obviously, they do not want to see a boring, defensive match where the players are aimlessly passing the ball to each other.Sadly, not all the action always takes place on the ground. All too frequently, there is action in the stands, too. Football supporters, most of whom declare their loyalty by wearing their team’s colours, in the form of shirts, are not known for their quiet behaviour. They are often very noisy,shouting noisy encouragement to their team and singing deafening songs.There is much rivalry between supporters. Mostly, this is good-natured, but trouble can easily arise. Fans get angry if they feel that a referee has made a wrong decision, perhaps giving one of their team a red or yellow card unfairly, or perhaps failing to notice a foul (犯规) committed by a member of the other team.When trouble breaks out in a football crowd, it can be difficult to control. Stadium officials often seat the opposing fans in separate parts of the ground as a precaution against fighting. However, preventing trouble is more difficult outside the ground. In the worst cases, riot police have to be called in.Unfortunately, there are some fans who enjoy this violent aspect of football. These football hooligans (流氓) really enjoy a running battle with the police, and call up other people to throw stones and bottles at them. Theyregard football not as a sport, but as an excuse for troublemaking. Inevitably, their behaviour spoils the reputation of the game.36.The qualifying rounds are played to _______.A.attract soccer fansB.select the best teams for the next roundsC.raise funds for the organizersD.decide which players are the best37.What do the football fans hope to see?A.A home game.B.A defensive game.C.An evenly matched game.D.An exciting game.38.Fans get angry when they think _______.A.the referee is unfairB.their team is losingC.their team is not playing wellD.there is an intentional foul39.Riot police are called in _______.A.to separate the opposing fans inside the groundB.as a precaution against trouble inside the groundC.to stop fighting occurring outside the groundD.as a precaution against fighting outside the ground40.It is implied in the last paragraph that _______.A.football fans enjoy spoiling gamesB.football hooligans are crazy about the gamesC.football can be an excuse for troublemakingD.football has a poor reputationPassage ThreeOur sense of smell, which we normally take for granted, is nowadays being increasingly used for purposes which might surprise us if we were aware of them. Onearea in which smells are created to achieve particular results is marketing. For some time manufacturers have taken advantage of our sense of smell with regard to household goods. Millions of dollars are spent on product research in the hunt for the right smell as it is believed perfume influences the way consumers perceive a brand. In a survey in the United States, when people were asked what was the most important factor in their choice of detergent (洗衣粉), smell was rated highly, above ingredients and price.Now stores are becoming even more direct in their use of smell. The smell of fresh bread in a supermarket tends to encourage people to buy, and people selling their houses are recommended to have coffee being heated when potential buyers arrive. Suddenly smell is becoming big business. One company specializing in the use of smells to attract customers now has many large stores on its own list of customers. They find that when pleasant smells are filtered through a store’s air conditioning system, people tend tospend longer in the store and buy more.Research shows that smells can increase people’s view of the value of a product. In a test, people looked at the same types of shoes in two rooms—one filled with purified air, the other with a smell of mixed flowers. 84% of the people preferred the shoes in the room with the smell of flowers. In fact, many said they would be prepared to pay up to US$10 more for a pair.Smells also have other potential uses. Some companies are experimenting with different smells to produce different effects in their workers according to the time of day. For example, early in the morning they might put the smell of lemon in the air conditioning system to wake people up. In the middle of the morning, when the atmosphere tends to become more tense, the smell of wood could be used to calm people down. Before lunchtime the smell of melting butter would encourage people to go to lunch on time. After lunch, when people often begin to lose concentration, thesmell of mint (薄荷) would increase their alertness.41.Which is the most appropriate title for the passage?A.How to avoid being affected by smellsing smells to influence peopleC.The power of our sense of smellD.New smells in supermarkets42.In the survey, when selecting detergent, people considered smell ________.A.not importantB.as important as priceC.less important than ingredientsD.more important than price43.To attract more customers, some large stores ________.A.employ a company specializing in the use of smellsB.provide free coffee for themC.filter purified air through air conditioningD.decorate themselves with fresh flowers44.The majority of people in the test (Para. 3) preferred ________.A.the smell of shoes to that of flowersB.the smell of flowers to that of shoesC.the shoes in the room with purified airD.the shoes in the room with appealing smells45.To produce a calming effect, some companies use thesmell of ________.A.lemonB.woodC.melting butterD.mintPassage FourThe First Rule of Finance is to live within your means by spending no more than 80% of your take-home pay. If you take home $100 per week, spend no more than $80.But ever look at what people spend their money on? I have relatives and friends deeply in debt, spending $12 forevery $10 they earn instead of the $8 you know they should be spending. When I see them, they’re proud of their new whatever. “What do you think of my new truck?” asked one from the driver’s seat. “Do you like my new shoes?” asked another on high heels. “Check out my new big screen,” said a third while holding the remote in his living room. We’ve all heard people fishing for compliments on their new toys.Every one of them was proud of what they’d finance d. They seem to have bought it for the purpose of being proud, of showing off, of keeping up with the Joneses. “Look at my new…” is everybody’s favorite phrase, even when the object in question isn’t theirs at all and won’t be new when they’ve finally paid for it, if they ever do.They’re proud of being stupid. They think it’s cool to drive the financed car, wear the financed shoes, and watch the financed TV, but to smart people, whose opinions are the only ones we should respect, these people look dumb as rocks.The Joneses, nine times out of 10, are financially stupid. That’s why they have all that stuff, on borrowed money. Why try to copy them? Worse, why try to impress them? Copy and impress smart people, the ones who own their stuff. If you want to impress smart people, debt is the last way to go about it. Trying to impress a money-smart person by going into debt is like trying to impress Olympic swimming champion Michael Phelps by drowning in a pool. Michael Phelps is impressed by good swimming, and a money-smart person by good money management.46.According to the author, the new truck, shoes and bigscreen mentioned in Para. 2 are ________.A.indicators of wealthB.necessities to the buyersC.just a waste of moneyD.examples of showing off47.“… the object in question isn’t theirs” (Para. 2) means ______.A.it is bought for other peopleB.it is bought with loaned moneyC.it will finally be owned by the bankD.it will finally be owned by the buyers48.According to the author, buying new objects on borrowed money is ________.A.unwiseB.shamefulC.understandableD.impressive49.“Smart people” in the last paragraph refer to ________.A.clever businessmenB.people with high IQsC.fashionable wealthy peopleD.people good at money management50.The purpose of this passage is to ________.A.show sympathy with poor consumersB.criticize consumption of luxuriesC.advise people to become money-smartD.persuade people to keep off fashionsPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.There is one fairly standard reason why some thinkers regard the meaning-of-life question as being itself meaningless. They argue __51___ meaning is a matter of language, not objects. It is a __52__ of the way we talk about things, not a feature of things themselves, __53___ shape, weight or color. A cabbage or a computer is not meaningful in itself; it becomes __54___ only by being caught up in our conversation. On this theory, we can make life __55__ by our talk about it; but it cannot have a meaning in itself, __56___ than a cloud can. It would not __57__ sense, for example, to speak of a cloud as being true or false. ___58__, truth and falsehood are functions ofour humman judgements about clouds. However, there are problems with this argument, __59___ there are with most philosophical arguments. We shall be __60___ a few of them later on.51. A. that B. how C. if D. what52. A. means B. question C. problem D. method53. A. with B. for C. like D. as54. A. this B. that C. such D. so55. A. rich B. important C. meaningful D. colorful56. A. not more B. far moreC. much moreD. any more57. A. make B. bring C. take D. give58. A. Hence B. Rather C. Still D. Therefore59. A. when B. since C. as D. for60. A. writing about B. hunting forC. listening toD. looking at英语试卷二Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term friends if you treat it right.Horses understand words better than expected, since horses can hear the human voice better than even dogs can, due to their particular range of hearing. And scientists predict that trainers could have greater success if they use more verbal commands in their horse training programs.Horses possess excellent memories, which allow horses to not only recall their human friends after a long period of separation but also to remember some complex human instructions for ten years or more. The bonds with humans are likely an extension of horse behavior in the wild, since horsesvalue their own horse relatives and friends, and are also open to new, non-threatening acquaintances. Horses maintain long-term bonds with several members of their family group, but they also interact temporarily with members of other groups when forming herds.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of “The Country I Would Like to Visit”. You may base your composition on the clues given below:1.假如有机会到国外度假两周，你会选择哪个国家?2.请至少给出三个理由。

2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2023年在职硕士《英语》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.A.archaic(old, antique)B. degrading (discredit)C.outstandingD.entire2.【单选题】Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. emphatically statedB. belligerently(aggressively) arguedC. accentuated(emphasize)D. entreated 恳求（implore, plea, invoke ）3.【单选题】The first paper was made from the bark of the mulberry tree.A. dried woodB. outer coveringC.syrup(sirup)D. root4.【单选题】Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.A.wiggle 摆动slowlyB. breathe quicklyC. restD.perspire5.【单选题】Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.A.PreviouslyB. StrictlyC. OfficiallyD. Periodically6.【单选题】In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age should be taken into account.A. numberedB. stabilizedC. contrastedD.considered7.【单选题】Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.A.straightB. safeC.realD.rapid8.【单选题】Comets are still regarded with awe by some people.A. wonderB.concernC.resentmentD.detachment9.【单选题】The flower bud of a water lily 百合opens at sunset since .its opening is triggered(commence) .by the decreased light.A. alleviated 减轻B. enduredC.set offD.covered up10.【单选题】By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.A. almostB. definitelyC.alreadyD.universally11.【单选题】People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .A.easily annoyedB. illC. wearyD.stiff and sore12.【单选题】The company issues an annual report every March.A.a yearlyB. a comprehensiveC. a financialD.a product13.【单选题】Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cultural systems together.A.obligationsB.qualitiesC. linksD. needs14.【单选题】Mary McCarthy s satires 讽刺文学are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.A.fusedB.prefacedC. standardizedD. expressed15.【单选题】The fear of smallpox, which terrorized the eighteenth century, has no analogy(likeness) today.A. occurrenceB. remnants 残留物C. witnessesD. parallel16.【单选题】Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.A.expectedB. chiefC. naturalD. least17.【单选题】In the northeastern United States, it rains intermittently 间歇地throughout the spring.A.steadilyB.abundantlyC. periodicallyD. daily18.【单选题】The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A.slitheringB.radiatingC. interferingD. murmuring19.【单选题】All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.A.as a result ofB.consideringC.cognizant of(conscious of, aware of)D. whatever20.【单选题】Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the United States.A.schemesB. meansC.tracksD. variables第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at presentA.wholly operationalB.entirely serviceableC.fully reliablepletely safe2.【单选题】Food must be moist in order to have a taste.A.appetizing(delicious)B. nutritiousC. dampD. chewed3.【单选题】The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.A.hand-carvedB.roughly madeC. flatD. heavy4.【单选题】Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味in soaps and perfumes.A.designB.textureC. scentD. freshness5.【单选题】One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointmentsB.most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations6.【单选题】The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.pletely destroyB. carefully disguiseC. sustainD. contain7.【单选题】The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.A.very friendlyB. very usefulC. very thoughtful.D.very wealthy8.【单选题】While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popularize it.A. finallyB.certainlyC.earnestlyD.enthusiastically9.【单选题】Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.A.reproachB. improveC.fortifyD.uproot10.【单选题】Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.A. primarilyB.slowlyC.on plants(cultivate)D. in great numbers11.【单选题】Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan原生动物flagellates 鞭毛虫, flatworms 扁形虫, and segmented worms片段蠕虫.A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC. primitiveD.strangely formed12.【单选题】When carbon is added to iron in the proper proportions , the result issteel.A. containerB. sequenceC. laboratoriesD.amounts13.【单选题】How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A.onlyB. exactlyC. at leastD.fewer than14.【单选题】The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.A.exhibitionB. concertC. excursionD.contest15.【单选题】An oversight 遗漏(miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often results in printed errors.A.An inconsistencyB. A discriminationC. A blotchD.An inattention16.【单选题】Some children display an unquenchable 难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A.insatiable 贪的无厌的B. inherentC.indiscriminate 不加选择的D. incredible17.【单选题】In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A.strangeB. certainC.inconsistentD. proper18.【单选题】Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous19.【单选题】Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calculate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.A. on top ofB.next toC.in spite ofD. with respect to20.【单选题】With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野A. understandingB. responsibilityC.interpretationD. notice第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C2.正确答案：A3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：D5.正确答案：A6.正确答案：D7.正确答案：C8.正确答案：A9.正确答案：C10.正确答案：A11.正确答案：A12.正确答案：A13.正确答案：C14.正确答案：D15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：B17.正确答案：C18.正确答案：B19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：B第2卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：C2.正确答案：C3.正确答案：B4.正确答案：C5.正确答案：B6.正确答案：A7.正确答案：B8.正确答案：B9.正确答案：B10.正确答案：D11.正确答案：C12.正确答案：D13.正确答案：C14.正确答案：A15.正确答案：D16.正确答案：A17.正确答案：B18.正确答案：A19.正确答案：D20.正确答案：A。

在职攻读硕士英语阅读理解

在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语阅读理解（一）Passage 1The most fundamental group to which a person belongs is the family. The institution of the family exists in almost every human culture. It is considered by behavioral scientists to be one of the oldest institutions in human history.The family unit serves many important functions. The performance of these functions is the reason for the family importance. Above all, the family serves as a mechanism of species survival.Families also have important economic functions. In primitive societies, the tasks of gathering food and providing shelter were divided among family member. Today, both husband and wife may work and share the duties of homemaking and child rearing.In addition to its survival and economic functions, the family gives its members social status. In many societies, a person is not considered a complete member until he has married and produced children. Finally, the family helps to meet the basic emotional needs of a person through the love and support received from parents, siblings (兄弟或姐妹), and relatives.1.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A. The family has changed greatly over time.B. Many of the functions of the family today are being performed by government agencies.C. The most important role for the family is to gather food.D. The family has served many useful functions throughout history.2. According to the passage, which of the following is an example of the role of the family in given status?A. A child is taught to respect his elders.B. A couple works for several years to save for the purchase of a home.C. A politician makes a campaign commercial with his family.D. A mother comforts a child after he skins his knee.3. It can be concluded from the passage that the family is _____.A. undergoing many changesB. the only useful social institutionC. likely to exist in future societiesD. not the same today as it was in the past4. As it is used in the second paragraph of the passage, the word “mechanism” means ______.A. parts of an organism or system which work togetherB. racial group united by language, religion, customs, etc.C. the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a wholeD. a worker skilled in using or repairing machines or tools5. 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It may be appropriate to send your invitation cards to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.C. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.D. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.Passage 3Populations tend to grow at an exponential(指数的) rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a sudden”. It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. 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Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people, it is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.1.This passage chiefly discusses ______.A. the growth of world population in recent yearsB. one type of the exponential(指数的) rateC. the population problem of the more rapidly growing countriesD. the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth2. According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden”?A. The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B. The time span of at least two million years in human history.C. An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D. The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.3. It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.A. 100 yearsB. 149 yearsC. 19 yearsD. over two million years4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B. Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth.C. The population of Colombia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D. The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.5. When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including _____.A. hospitals and medicinesB. schools and studentsC. food and manpower resourcesD. all of the above。

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Passage 1Scientists are learning more about the effects of stress on our bodies. Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.Stressful experiences---such as mental illness in a family, unemployment, poverty, or abuse---continue to affect our health and well-being far longer than the actual event. This is becoming a major concern for public health professionals.Researchers at the University of California discovered that childhood stress could permanently affect a person’s DNA. They found that kids who went through traumatic (创伤性的) experiences at a young age had shorter telomeres（端粒）than tho se who hadn’t. Telomeres are the protective tips at the end of our DNA, and shorter telomeres are linked to a variety of health problems. The researchers concluded that early childhood trauma has a lasting impact on our overall health.In another study, scientists in Sweden measured the stress levels of 17,000 adults, and then tracked them for 11 years. The results showed that the most stressed-out participants had a 45% higher risk of developing heart disease. The study also revealed that those with stressful jobs were more likely to take sick leave due to heart problems.Furthermore, researchers in New Zealand found that children who suffered ongoing stress before the age of 15 had a higher chance of developing asthma later in life. This finding suggests that reducing stress in early childhood could have long-term health benefits.Overall, these studies emphasize the need for stress reduction strategies and interventions, particularly in high-risk populations. Whether through therapy, meditation(冥想), or lifestyle changes, it is essential that we find healthy ways to manage and cope with stress to protect our long-term health.1. According to the passage, long-term stress may lead to _______.A. mental illnessB. shorter telomeresC. unemploymentD. poverty答案：B解析：根据第一段中的“Long-term stress may increase the risk of obesity(肥胖), heart disease, and even asthma, according to new research.”可知，长期的压力可能会增加肥胖、心脏病甚至哮喘的风险，选项B中的“shorter telomeres”（更短的端粒）对应文章中提到的短端粒与健康问题有关。

在职硕士英语考试真题

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2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Your social life is defined as“the activities you do with other people,for pleasure, when you are not working.”It’s important to have a social life,but what’s right for one person won’t be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, 1 some of us may feel drained,even if it’s doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact on your mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 ,you are working from home and you are7 on the usual social conversations that happen in an office.Other life changes can8 periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing jobs or becoming a parent.It’s important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to9 a social life,but it can feel overwhelming10 .It’s a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to12 a new sport for the first time,or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and13 ideas.On the other hand,it’s14 possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you’re always doing something and there is never any15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social16 .We all have our own social limit and it’s important to recognise when you’re feeling like it’s all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be17 of poor social health.Make sure you18 some time in your diary when you’re19 for socialising and use this time to relax,20 and recover.1. A.because2. A.contrast3. A.seeing4. A.misguided5. A.contribute to6. A.in fact7. A.cutting back8. A.shorten9. A.assess10.A.at first11.A.far-sighted12.A.try13.A.test14.A.already15.A.list16.A.fatigue17.A.sources18.A.take over19.A.ungrateful20.A.reactB.unlessB.balanceB.pleasingB.surprisedB.rely onB.of courseB.missing outB.triggerB.interpretB.in turnB.strong-willedB.promoteB.shareB.thusB.orderB.criticismB.standardsB.wipe offB.unavailableB.repeatC.whereasC.linkC.judgingC.spoiledC.interfere withC.for exampleC.breaking inC.followC.provideC.on timeC.kind-heartedC.watchC.acceptC.alsoC.spaceC.injusticeC.signsC.add upC.responsibleC.returnD.untilD.gapD.teachingD.disconnectedD.go againstD.on averageD.looking downD.interruptD.regainD.by chanceD.like-mindedD.describeD.reviseD.onlyD.boundaryD.dilemmaD.scoresD.mark outD.regretfulD.rest Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In her new book Cogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,”she writes.“An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re not seeing the benefits—if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview,Coyle said she fears that tech’s inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI.“We’re talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such“tremendous changes,”she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly38%of all tech jobs by2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings’s Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just15cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States.The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don’t simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should______A.give rise to innovations.B.diversify career choices.C.benefit people equally.D.be promoted forcefully.22. According to Paragraph2,digital technologies should be used to______A.bring about instant prosperity.B.reduce people’s workload.C.raise overall work efficiency.D.enhance cross-sector cooperation.23. What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may be unwelcome to the public.24. Several American cities are mentioned to show______A.the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US.B.the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US.C.the fast progress of US regional economies.D.the increasing significance of US AI assets.25. With regard to Coyle’s concern,the author suggests______A.raising funds to start new AI projects.B.encouraging collaboration in AI research.C.guarding against the side effects of AI.D.redefining the role of AI technologies.Text2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Confor has warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country’s reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only20percent of the UK’s wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these don’t go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor.“For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall.”The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around25percent.The causes of the UK’s current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees by grey squirrels.It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in long-term planting projects.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK’s net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity. Goodall added:“While food production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and contribute to net-zero.”“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground.Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.”26. It can be learned from Paragraph1that the UK needs to______A.increase its domestic wood supply.B.reduce its demand for timber.C.lower its wood production costs.D.lift its control on timber imports.27. According to Confor,the UK government’s fresh incentives______A.can hardly address a construction crisis.B.are believed to come at a wrong time.C.seem to be misleading for landowners.D.will be too costly to put into practice.28. The UK’s exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of______A.the governments inaction on timber imports.B.inadequate investment in growing wood.C.the competition among timber traders at home.D.wood producers’motive to maximise profits.29. Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?A.Excessive timber consumption in construction.B.Unfavourable conditions for growing wood.C.Outdated technologies of the wood industry.D.Farmers’unwillingness to plant trees.30. What does Goodall think the UK government should do?A.Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.B.Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.C.Provide more support for productive tree planting.D.Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.Text3One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it’s time to turn over the keys.“It’s a complete life-changer”when someone stops —or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.“The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,”Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,”she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,”she said.“We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe”and what can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers85or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many older drivers don’t see eye doctors or can’t afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can’t turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven’t changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won’t solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms,she said.But we need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we’re going to have100-year lives,we need cars that a90-year-old can drive comfortably.”。

在职攻读硕士联考英语模拟试题及答案解析(15)

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I won´t keep you long.Speaker B: ______A.What do you want to talk with?B.Yes, go ahead.C.What´s the matter?D.Oh, nice to see you, John.第2题Speaker A: Did you know that Whitney Houston was giving a concert last night in the town?Speaker B: ______A.Why don´t you get some tickets for us?B.I like her, but I didn´t have time for the concert.C.Why didn´t you tell me about it earlier?D.Maybe we can go to see her concert some other time.第3题Speaker A: Do you want to come over on Saturday? I´m having a little party.Speaker B: ______A.Why are you going to have a party?B.Oh, I like parties very much. I can meet a lot of interesting people.C.How about a picnic? I think it is more interesting than a party.D.Thanks. I´d love to. What time?第4题Speaker A: Did you hear about those people who got hurt when going mountain climbing? I think they shouldn´t allow people to go mountain climbing. It´s too dangerous.Speaker B: ______A.I couldn´t agree more. I can´t understand why anyone wants to get to the top of a mountain.B.I couldn´t agree less. Mountain climbing is actually more dangerous than surfing.C.I´m sorry to hear that. Where did you get the news?D.No, I have decided not to go mountain climbing with my friends next month.第5题Speaker A: Hello, many happy returns!Speaker B: ______A.The same to you, too.B.Thank you.C.I am sure I will be happy to come back.D.Oh, I´m so glad to see you again.下一题(6~10/共5题)Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 hort conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given and mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the enter.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. 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The manual is in French. I can´t wait for Bill to translate it for me.Man: Don´t worry, Mary. I can do the dishes before the machine starts to work.Question: What does the man mean?A.He will tell Mary how to operate the dishwasher.B.He will wash the dishes himself instead.C.He will help Bill to translate the manual.D.He himself will operate the dishwasher.上一题下一题(11~30/共20题)Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.第11题You ______ him last year when you were in England.A.can have metB.may have metC.can meetD.may meet第12题How thoughtful of him ______ to make all the necessary arrangements for us!A.he isB.it wasC.is heD.was he第13题You did tell me what to do. If only I ______ your advice!A.would takeB.tookC.have takenD.had taken第14题Don´t argue with him any longer. You are only wasting your breath ______ to win him over to your side.A.having triedB.to tryC.to be triedD.trying第15题The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ______ his argument in favour of the new theory.A.which to base onB.on which to baseC.to base on whichD.which to be based on第16题His business prospered and he became a person of means. Yet, despite his great riches, he gave no arms to the needy and no thanks to his benefactors whose savings ______ to his welfare.A.had contributedB.contributedC.were contributedD.did contribute第17题They have decided on a final date by which they expect that everyone ______ the council´s offer and have installed that necessary equipment in his house.A.have taken advantage ofB.will have taken advantage ofC.will take advantage ofD.has taken advantage of第18题You claim that ______ travelling by boat I am wasting part of my holiday: on the contrary. I regard the sea journey as the most enjoyable part of it.A.byB.inC.sinceD.over第19题The large size and roughly circular shape of the Pacific made some scientists think that it ______ a hole left when the moon separated from the earth.ed to beB.would have beenC.might have beenD.should have been第20题______ advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well.A.WhenB.AsC.WhileD.Whereas第21题She is very ______ about her appearance. Half of her salary goes to clothes.A.particularB.peculiarC.specialD.unusual第22题It is difficult to guess what his ______ to the proposal will be.mentB.impressionC.reactionD.opinion第23题As soon as the exams were over, the students all went their ______ ways.A.homelyB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.diverted第24题Young people always complain, more or less justly, that their parents are out of ______ with modern ways.A.linkB.connectionC.associationD.touch第25题Investors seem to be losing ______ in the car industry.A.beliefB.trustC.reliabilityD.confidence第26题During the fire, he ______ people into groups which carried sand and water to throw onto the flames.A.calledanizedC.madeD.planned第27题I need to move to a larger apartment. Do you know of any ______ ones in this neighborhood?A.emptyB.blankC.vacantD.bare第28题Since we can´t hear you at the back of the hall, you´ll have to ______ your voice.A.liftB.increaseC.speak upD.raise第29题The colors of that coat and hat don´t ______.A.suitB.mixC.matchpare第30题We were rather upset by his ______ to support our proposals.A.rejectingB.refusingC.denyingD.resisting上一题下一题(31~35/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage OneHistorically, although the children of immigrants may have grown up bilingual and bicultural, many did not pass on much of their parents´language or culture to their own children. Thus, many grandchildren of immigrants do not speak the language of the old country and are "American" by culture. However, in some parts of the country with established communities that share a common language or culture, bilingualism and biculturalism continue. This is particularly true in communities where new immigrants are still arriving. In general, cultural pluralism (多元化) is more accepted in the United States today than it was in the first half of the 20th century? and many of the school systems have developed bilingual programs and multicultural curricula.At the close of the 20th century, there seemed to be a rise in the consciousness of ethnic groups around the world, and a sense of pride in what makes them unique. This occurs in the United States among many different groups, and in some cases it has resulted in new names to symbolize each group´s identity. In the United States, people have become very sensitive to the language used to describe these groups, and they try to be "politically correct" (P. C. ). For example, many black Americans, particularly young people, prefer the term African-American instead of black, to identify with their African heritage. Some Spanish speakers prefer to be called Latinos (referring to Latin America) instead of Hispanics, while others prefer to be identified by their country of origin (Cuban-American or Cuban, Chicano, Mexican-American or Mexican, and so on).In spite of some very important differences, however, there is still a tie that binds Americans together. That tie is a sense of national identity—of "being an American" . Incidentally, when citizens of the United States refer to themselves as Americans, they have no intention of excluding people from Latin American countries. There is no word such as United Statesians inthe English language, so people call themselves Americans. Thus, what is really a language problem has sometimes caused misunderstandings. Although citizens of Latin American countries may call the people in the United States North Americans, to most people in the United States this makes no sense either, because the term North Americans refer to Canadians and Mexicans as well as citizens of the United States. The word American, then, will be used in this text as the adjective and nationality for the people who live in the United States of America.第31题According to the passage, today many grandchildren of immigrants ______.A.don´t like their old language and cultureB.don´t speak English and reject American cultureC.only speak English and are "American" by cultureD.only live in established communities where new immigrants are still arriving第32题Many black Americans prefer to be called "African Americans" instead of "blacks" because ______.A.they want to be equal to the whitesB.they want to identify with their African heritageC.they want to be politically correctD.they want to improve their social status第33题The tie that binds Americans together is ______.A.the sense of being a citizen of the wealthiest countryB.the sense of being an AmericanC.the sense of being the descendents of early settlersD.the sense of being under one federal government第34题People who live in the United States of America prefer to be called ______.A.United StatesiansB.Americanstin AmericansD.North Americans第35题This passage is mainly concerned with ______.A.cultural pluralism in the U. S.B.African Americans in the U. S.C.history of immigrants in the U. S.D.new immigrants in the U. S.上一题下一题(36~40/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Passage TwoDuring the last thirty years, the international economy has experienced a basic change. Improvements in the Internet and other communications have had important effects on world markets. Faster methods of transport from one place to another have made the world seem smaller to the businessmen. As a result, the world no longer consists of a number of separateeconomies under the control of different nations. Instead, the nations have been integrated into a single economy, and the integration is becoming more and more complete every year. For the first time in history, we can truly speak of a global economy.The most dramatic example of this integration was the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974. It came as a great surprise to the public in the industrial nations to discover that they depended so heavily on imported oil. However, the best evidence for the growing integration is the rapid expansion in the volume of world trade. It went up by about 7% a year during the decade from 1990 to 2000, and in several quasi-industrial (半工业的) countries the growth was even more rapid. As a result. some imported products have become as common as domestic commodity. Some of them are too common for the public to any more realize they are foreign.Production has also become international, which is manifested by the large corporations stepping across national borders and established branches and subsidiaries in several different countries. As an example, U. S. companies are building automobiles in Canada. Germany, Britain and Japan. In some cases, components of an automobile are produced abroad and shipped to the United States, where it is then finished with the imported parts. When even the United States has the largest number of such corporations, it is not the only. Other multinationals, for instance, are based in Japan, France, Germany, the UK and Italy.Labor, too, is much more mobile than in the past. Both skilled and unskilled workers can now readily migrate from one country to another. In Europe, for example, there are large numbers of Turkish workers employed in the Germany Economy. Doctors, lawyers, and other professionals are also finding it easier to work in foreign countries. The labor market has become international, and the number of expatriate workers is continuing to grow.第36题The passage is mainly about ______.A.the dependence of the industrial countries on imported oilB.the fundamental change in world economyC.the expansion of international corporationsD.the Internet and world economy第37题People in industrial nations felt greatly surprised by the oil crisis in 1973 and 1974 because ______.A.they didn´t expect the crisis to occur so soonB.they couldn´t live without oilC.they found they were so dependent on foreign countriesD.they realized they were not the stronger nations at all第38题The most convincing indication that we are bordering on a global economy is ______.A.faster methods of transportB.the establishment of more multinational corporationsC.the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974D.the growth of international trade第39题We learn from the passage that ______.A.some less developed countries maintain a faster growth rateB.the United States has more international corporations than other countriesC.the U. S. automobile industry is collapsing under competitive pressure from Japan and other industrialized countriesD.skilled workers and professionals find it easier to work abroad than unskilled workers第40题"Expatriate workers" in the last sentence are those who ______.A.can´t find jobs in their own countriesB.leave their countries to live and work abroadC.have to leave their countries for all their lifeD.are professionals in medicine, law and other professions上一题下一题(41~45/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Passage ThreeIn the world of climate change, it is in the Earth´s cold regions where trends can most easily be seen. The cryosphere, where water is found in solid form, is among the most sensitive regions to temperature change.The sensitivity of ice and snow to temperature changes is an early indicator of even relatively small differences, says University of Colorado at Boulder senior researcher Richard Armstrong. He has found that today´s receding and thinning sea ice, mountain glacier mass losses, decreasing snow extent, melting permafrost (永久冻土), and rising sea level are all consistent with warming.Global mean temperatures have risen one degree Fahrenheit over the past 100 years. with more than half of the increase occurring in the last 25 years, observes Armstrong who is affiliated with the National Snow and Ice Data Center headquartered at CU-Boulder."As slight as that may seem, it´s enough to make a difference, " said Armstrong. "Now, long-term monitoring of a series of cold region, or cryospheric, parameters (参数) shows that for several decades the amounts of snow and ice around the world have been decreasing. "The extent of Arctic sea ice is shrinking by about 3 percent per decade. but the trends are not uniform. While recent studies have indicated that the ice thickness also had decreased over several decades, new information shows that the ice may have thinned rapidly, Armstrong said. Examination of springtime ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean indicates that the mean ice thickness decreased 1.5 meters (4.8 feet) between the mid-1980s and early 1990s.To mark its 25th anniversary, the National Snow and Ice Data Center has organized a special session at the 2001 Fall Meeting of American Geophysical Union, taking place this week in San Francisco, that illuminates overall changes in the cryosphere.The session begins Tuesday and extends through Thursday afternoon, with 75 contributions from all areas of cryospheric study. Papers and posters include examinations of lake and river ice, glacier dynamics, and mass ice balance studies in polar and continental glaciers, regional and polar snow cover trends, and variations in Canadian ice cap elevations.第41题Trends of climate change can be most easily sensed ______.A.in the oceansB.in icy and snowy regionsC.on high mountainsD.in the south hemisphere第42题The signs of global warming include all of the following EXCEPT ______.A.thinning sea iceB.decreasing snow extentC.melting permafrostD.falling sea level第43题According to Armstrong, ______.A.slight changes in global mean temperature are insignificantB.the amounts of snow and ice around the world began to decrease in the 1990sC.the past 100 years witnessed the greatest rise in global mean temperature in human historyD.the global mean temperature increased more than 0.5 degree Fahrenheit in the last 25 years 第44题Studies have indicated that ______.A.the extent of Arctic sea ice has shrunk by about 3% in the past several decadesB.the mean ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean decreased 1.5 meters in the 1990sC.the amount of ice around the world has been decreasing for several decadesD.the ice thickness decreased most rapidly between the mid-1980s and the 1990s第45题The special session of the National Snow and Ice Data Center was organized to ______.A.attract more contributions to the cryospheric regionsB.make more people realize the threats of climate changeC.stimulate further research into the changes in ice thicknessD.celebrate its 25th anniversary and discuss changes in the cryosphere上一题下一题(46~50/共20题)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Passage FourWhat began with the invention of the telephone in 1876 has today become a global net of cables, satellites, transmitters, and receivers that enables half the population of the planet to exchange works, data, and images in seconds. It could take less than 25 years more to give the other half of the world´s people this same power.The unified global telecommunications system, which is called "the Meganet", represents the greatest construction project ever undertaken. If present trends continue, by early in the 21st century the Meganet will link every computer terminal, fax machine, databank, and telephone instrument on earth.Unlike its anarchic (无政府主义的) cousin the Internet, which evolved from free interaction among interest groups of computer users. the Meganet of local telephone service, long-distance lines, communications satellites, and mobile relays has been planned, constructed, regulated and largely sponsored by governments and for-profit business interests. As new materials and technologies bring reliable voice and data links to formerly isolated or closed communities, political and economic power struggles grow.The Meganet breaks long-established patterns of social identity and responsibility. Where private individuals have uncensored access to global information sources, local standards of legality or decency become difficult even to set, let alone to enforce. Economic values may shift,too. Public utility companies have long supplied electric power over miles of high-tension lines, or pumped water through underground pipelines into thousands of homes. Now they are finding that their power-line rights-of-way and physical into-home connections let them compete with cable TV and phone companies to supply information services as well.Meganet impacts are often double-edged for finance and business, too. New York´s Wall Street district lost 20% of its work force—some 100000 jobs—in less than a decade, as computers took over tasks once performed by clerks and banks did more of their business by phone transfers and automated teller machines.第46题"The Meganet" is ______.A.sponsored by governmentsB.similar to its cousin the InternetC.the continuity of the InternetD.evolved from spontaneous interaction among interest groups of computer users第47题According to the passage, what is the difference between "the Meganet" and Internet?A.Both of them are developed by some interest groups of computer users.B.Meganet is the continuity of Internet.C.Meganet is planned and regulated, while Internet is disorganized.D.Meganet has fewer users than Internet.第48题Meganet is changing human life largely because ______.A.the individuals are able to link to the global information sources without any controlB.people accept the standards of legality consciouslyC.it is not necessary to set some standards of decencyD.lots of people needn´t work any more第49题The word "uncensored" (Line 2, Para. 4) probably means ______.A.unguardedB.uncheckedC.unidentifiedD.unwarranted第50题What kind of opinion does the author have toward the Meganet impacts?A.Objective.B.Subjective.C.Appreciating.D.Criticizing.上一题下一题(51~60/共10题)Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center."Culture shock" occurs as a result of total immersion in new culture. It __1__to "people whohave been suddenly transplanted abroad. " Newcomers may be anxious __2__they do not speak the language, know the __3__, or understand people´s behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes", that friendliness does not __4__mean friendship or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended __5__jokes. The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands or embrace, when to __6__conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The __7__. of "culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation. Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel. When one is __8__of everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, __9__knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may __10__.第51题__1__A.occursB.appearsC.happensD.exists第52题__2__A.so thatB.becauseC.unlessD.though第53题__3__A.customsB.habitsC.practicesD.regulations第54题__4__A.necessarilyB.virtuallyC.absolutelyD.formerly第55题__5__A.likeB.forC.byD.as第56题__6__A.disturbB.initiateD.imitate第57题__7__A.viewB.thoughtC.explanationD.notion第58题__8__A.deniedB.refusedC.lostD.deprived第59题__9__A.butB.norC.orD.and第60题__10__A.arouseB.riseC.ariseD.raise上一题下一题(1/1)Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)第61题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Is it the sole aim of most Americans to make money and possess luxuries which could be called excessive? The majority of Americans would certainly deny this, though most feel proud to amass wealth and possessions through hard work. In the USA, about 90% of the population is well enough off to expect a brighter future. The USA still has one of the highest standards of living in the world, although, at the present times, 10% are below what the Government considered to be below the "poverty level. " While these under-privileged people receive help from the Government, they have no high hopes for their future. It is from this "underclass," and those who take advantage of it, that most of the violence springs—the violence, which is one of the least pleasant aspects of American society. Some believe that the only guarantee of security is wealth, and the only way out for the poor is to get money.______上一题下一题(1/1)Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title "The Football Hit" . You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:(1)我国的足球运动吸引了越来越多的观众。

在职硕士全国英语联考--写作(Student)

在职硕士全国英语联考—写作标准Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象2.出现这种现象的原因和后果3.为了改变这种状况，我认为……14分Chinese, our mother tongue, is something we learn and speak from cradle to grave. It is the basis of our civilization. However, there is a tendency now that the study of Chinese has been ignored to a certain extent. Instead, more and more attention is paid to the study of English. Is that a blessing or a curse? And why is Chinese ignored?In my opinion, the reason lies in two aspects. First, the study of English has been greatly highlighted and a multitude of English courses have been offered. As a result, there is less room for learning Chinese. Second, since the policy of opening and reform was carried out, a tremendous amount of foreign culture, or concepts has poured into our life. Many traditional values have been thrown away. In this process, Chinese has become one of its victims.In my opinion, under no circumstance should the study of Chinese be ignored. Joint efforts must be made by both the government and universities to enhance the teaching of Chinese. We must have a strong sense of pride of our own culture, which is so unique and profound. Only by emphasizing both Chinese and English, can we college students be developed into well-rounded persons.11分Addmitedly, language skill is very important. Nowadays, in China, children start their English learning very early, not only at school, but also after school at weekends. But as the students’ English skill is improving, their Chin ese learning seems not enough. Many students don’t pay more attention to the study of Chinese. Why?Firstly, they think Chinese is the mother language that we speak every day, sothat we don’t need to study. Secondly, both the parents and teachers care ab out student’s English skill much more than their Chinese skill. Lastly, foreign language does play an important role in our life today and a good English skill is necessary.But if our Chinese skill is too poor, we wouldn’t understand our culture correctly. No matter how good our English skill is, we wouldn’t communicate with the world freely because of the lack of the understanding of our own culture. Therefore, we should put the study of Chinese and English together, for example, to compare the Chinese language with the English language. In this way, students would find that Chinese is also very important and the more they study the more they will like it.8分In Recent years, an increasing number of students have ignored the study of Chinese. This obvious phenomina is worth our attention. The causes of this ignorance can be described as follows. Firstly, we are so familiar with Chinese that we don’t have to “study” Chinese. Secondly, we are all want to go abroad to study and work. So learning foreign language become much more important than before. Every student spend a lot of time to study English so they have little time to study Chinese. Thirdly, there is a rooted idea that literature is something unuseful to real life, so Chinese study is not necessary.The ignorance of Chinese study has negative influence on the further develop of Chinese students. With weaker Chinese study, their writing skills and spoken expression is becoming much worse. Without a good mastery of Chinese, the students are likely having no deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture.To change the situation, we should emphasize on the importance of Chinese study. What is more, we can advise colleges and universities to open more course on Chinese Literature to attract students! I believe that the deeper we contact the language, we will be more interesting about it.5分Nowdays, more and more students neglect the study of Chinese, especially the university students. In high school, we study Chinese hard for the entrance of a brand university, not for our intrest, when we were in university, we put Chinese in the lostworld.Many reasons caused the phenomenon, Fist of all, I think it’s the policy of our school. We have to take English class for four term, but we have only one term Chinese lesson. Some teachers even teach students in English, use the English books but not Chinese. Second, it’s the environment of our future. No matter we going study or job hunting they all needn’t a good Chinese score.The time is limitted, we have to give up the Chinese study and take others for instead. Lots of students think to study Chinese dull and lack of fun. They prefer to use the time to do the things they like.In my opinion, to solve the problem need the school and students work together. Schools need to put more effort on Chinese teaching, work out a policy to increase the intrest of Chinese study. And our students should pay attation on our mother language. With the help of our school, we can finally increas our intrest to the Chinese study.2分Nowadays, along with the society develomement. we are got into new stages in the history. We have more and more chance and challenge. Contact with global. So many people take place their traditional attitude. As a resulat, The issue of ignore study of chinese brought into public focus. And so many people hold different views.On one hand, there are quite a few people who strongly advocate this case. On the other hand there are a large number of people hold a different views. As a through consideson for my part, I think we should be attention to this question. Because in our universite have a large number of student use the computer, write they are homework. Used to be they are watch about forience culture and they forgot Chinese civilization and forget how to written by chinese.Many students not respect our motherland. They want to born in the other contry. That’s very dangerous.If we want to change the condition, we should apply study Chinese: in the TV, newspaper, ete., pay attention to our traditional fete, impress study our history and culture. The last and most important is everyone must be have a passion heart.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On Maintaining Trust by commenting on the saying, “It takes ye ars to build trust, and a few seconds to destroy it.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.作文作文Food Safety1.食品安全成为我们面临的一个严重问题2.这一问题造成的危害3.如何解决这一问题There is no denying the fact that food safety is a grave problem with which we are confronted. ……Fake and shoddy food products are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to them. ……In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. ……Drunken Driving1.醉酒驾车增多的原因2.醉酒驾车的危害3.如何减少醉酒驾车Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunken driving has been a grave problem with which we are confronted. ……Drunken driving is bound to generate severe consequence if we keep turning a blind eye to it. ……In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. ……Information Safety1.信息安全问题日益重要。

2021年硕士入学考试英语阅读真题附答案详解-TEXT5_3

2021年硕士入学考试英语阅读真题附答案详解:TEXT52000 Passage 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny — must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped —with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannotconfess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angrycritics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because________.[A] they think of it as immoral[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained________.[A] secretly and vigorously[B] openly and enthusiastically[C] easily and momentarily[D] verbally and spiritually难句解析：①If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny — must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf.▲此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句If ambition is to be well regarded，主句的主语是the rewards of ambition，谓语是must be deemed，而wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny既是插入语，又是the rewards的同位语。

在职硕士英语考试阅读理解

阅读精编50篇Test1Passage1When calling attention to public health problems,we must not mis-use the word“epidemic.”But there is no better word to describe the600-percent increase since1950in women’s death rates for lung cancer,a disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking.Clearly,smoking-related disease among women is a full-blown epidemic.Smoking is the most preventable cause of early death in this country.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC),smoking-related diseases causes the deaths of about178,000 women in the U.S.each year.On average,these women died14.5years earlier because they smoked.The most recent CDC survey(from2008)showed that more than1in6American women aged18 years or older(18.3%)smoked cigarettes.The highest rates were seen among American-Indian and Alaska-Native women(22.4%),followed by white(20.6%),African-American(17.8%),Hispanic (10.7%),and Asian women(4.7%).The less education a woman has,the more likely it is she will smoke.For instance,women with less than a high school education are more than twice as likely to smoke as college graduates.Overall,women are less likely to smoke than men.But it has been found that smoking is more popular among younger than older women.This is an alarming trend that will affect the future health of these young women.About21%of women ages25to44smoke;only about8%of women65and over do.If these younger women continue to smoke as they get older,they will have more smoking-related illness and disability.Smoking rates are slightly lower among women aged18to24,about19%.Women who smoke nearly always begin as teenagers--usually before high school graduation.And the younger a girl is when she starts,the more heavily she is likely to use tobacco as an adult.Teenage girls are just as likely to smoke as boys.The most recent CDC surveys showed that19%of female high school students and6%of middle school girls had smoked at least one cigarette in the past30days.1.What does the word“epidemic”probably mean?A.wrong doingsB.health issuesC.people’s attentionD.a disease that is prevalent2.What does the sentence underlined mean?A.epidemic is available here to depict the truth of women’s death rates for lung cancer.B.none words can describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.C.There does exist a better words to describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.D.epidemic is not a better word to describe the women’s death rates for lung cancer.3.What can we learn from the second paragraph?A.smoking is one of the factors responsible for early death in this country.B.smoking can not be avoidable in this country.C.smoking women will definitely die early.D.These women who begin smoking will die after14.5years.4.Which is the following is true?A.women who receive less education are more likely prone to smoking.B.college students have strong sense of opposing smoking.C.more are being found to smoke among older women than those of younger ones.D.the number of women who begin smoking between18and24dropped greatly.5.In the last paragraph,what is the purpose of showing the survey?A.to show the percentage of women who are smoking.B.women begin to smoke in university.C.Teenage girls are just as likely to smoke as boys.D.women begin smoking heavily when they begin adult.Passage2As providers and caretakers,adults tend to view the world of children as happy and carefree.After all,kids don’t have jobs to keep or bills to pay,so what could they possibly have to worry about? Plenty!Even very young children have worries and feel stress to some degree.Stress is a function of the demands placed on us and our ability to meet them.Pressures often come from outside sources,but they can also come from within.The pressure we place on ourselves can be most significant because there is often a discrepancy between what we think we ought to be doing and what we are actually doing in our lives.Stress can affect anyone who feels overwhelmed—even kids.In preschoolers,separation from parents can cause anxiety.As kids get older,academic and social pressures create stress.Many kids are too busy to have time to play creatively or relax after school.Kids who complain about the number of activities they’re involved in or refuse to go to them may be signaling that they’re overscheduled.Talk with your kids about how they feel about extracurricular activities.If they complain,discuss the pros and cons of quitting one activity.If quitting isn’t an option,explore ways to help manage your child’s time and responsibilities so that they don’t create so much anxiety.Kids’stress may be intensified by more than just what’s happening in their own lives.Do your kids hear you talking about troubles at work,worrying about a relative’s illness,or fighting with your spouse about financial matters?Parents should watch how they discuss such issues when their kids are near because children will pick up on their parents’anxieties and start to worry themselves.World news can cause stress.Kids who see disturbing images on TV or hear talk of natural disasters may worry about their own safety and that of the people they love.Talk to your kids about what they see and hear,and monitor what they watch on TV so that you can help them understand what’s going on.Also,be aware of complicating factors,such as an illness,death of a loved one,or a divorce. When these are added to the everyday pressures kids face,the stress is magnified.Even the most amicable divorce can be a difficult experience for kids because their basic security system—their family—is undergoing a tough change.6.What does the first paragraph want to convey?A.Kids will easily suffer stress too.B.children are happy and carefree all the time.C.very young children do not have worries and stress at any time.D.kids don’t have stress because they don’t have to work7.Which is the following is true?A.only young children have worries and feel stress to some degree.B.the stress is magnified only when the children are being scolded.C.Pressures of children not only come from outside sources but also from inside ones.D.the pressure we place on ourselves does not matter at all.8.Why is the pressure we place on ourselves can be most significant?A.Because difference exists between what we think we should do and what we actually do in ourlives.B.Because pressure often come from outside sources.C.Because pressure often come from inside sources.D.Nobody can escape from pressure.9.What does the word Overwhelmed mean?A.stressedB.over pleasedC.angryD.upset10.What is the main idea of the passage?A.How kid’s stress are intensified.B.How the stress is magnified.C.World news can cause stress.D.Sources of Stress of kids and ways to do with it.Passage3Biologically,there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals:the ability to laugh.In a divide world,laughter is a unifying force.Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,but we all share the ability to laugh.And laughter,in turn,depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities:a sense of humor.Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.This can best be seen from the worldwide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from.A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar,but the effect is always the same.Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values.It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack.If we can see the funny side,we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy,so we never get a lot sided view of things.This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony.Human pain and suffering are so grim;we hover so often on the brink of war;political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances,cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd.We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels.The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg.We laugh because we meant to laugh;but we are meant to weep too.It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes.11.The most important of all human qualities is_____.A.a sense of humorB.A sense of satireC.A sense of laughterD.A sense of history12.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because______.A.they can amuse peopleB.Human beings are different from animalsC.They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appealD.They show that people have the same ability to laugh13.One of the chief functions of irony and satire is______.A.to show absurdity of actionsB.to compensate balanceC.to take the wind out of politiciansD.to show too much grimness in the world14.What do we learn from the sentence“it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish intotalitarian regimes?”A.It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.B.It can arouse people to riot.C.It shows tragedy and comedy are related.D.It can make people laugh.15.Who is Swift?A.A novelistB.A poetC.A dramatistD.An essayistPassage4Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction.Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution.Since the formation of the earth,many more species have become extinct than those exist today.These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation.Since the 1600s,however,the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems.Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons,but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats.Drainage of wetlands,cutting and clearing of forests,growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats.As the various surroundings become fragments,the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas,causing further destruction of natural surroundings.Species in these small“islands”lose contact with other populations of their extinction.Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining ws were made in some countries in the early1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by51nations.Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulatingand restricting trade in certain species.How effective such laws will be in various countries,however, depends on enforcement and support by the people and the courts.Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species,the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade,the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.16.According to the passage,which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapidextinction of many species since the17th century?A.Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.B.Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.C.The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.D.The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.17.In the last sentence of the second paragraph,the word“islands”refers to______.A.the lands that are completely surrounded by waterB.the wild animals’breeding grounds protected by lawC.the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roadsD.the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species18.This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT______.A.natural selection of speciesB.various natural disastersmercial trade and killingD.destruction of natural surroundings19.According to the passage,which of the following is most important in saving declining species?ernments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B.People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C.Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.D.Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.20.How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?A.WorriedB.OptimisticC.IndifferentD.ConfidentTest2Passage1Britons are increasingly entertaining guests at home with dinner,film and karaoke nights,inspired by television shows on cookery and home entertainment,according to a survey.More than half(53percent)of the respondents to a poll of1,000Britons across the country said they now prefer to spend quality time with family and friends by inviting them over to their homes rather than meeting in bars and restaurants,the survey by mobile phone operator T-Mobile showed.Popular television shows such as“Come Dine With Me,”where amateur chefs attempt to show each other with their cooking skills,“Master Chef”where ordinary people compete to cook to Michelin standards and a number of celebrity cookery shows have inspired Britons to entertain at home.The poll showed that nearly a third of respondents had splashed out cash for home entertainment improvements such as sofas,dining tables,games consoles and bigger televisions to impress the guests.“Over the last couple of years,my clients have increasingly asked for home parties rather than ones at independent venues,”party planning expert Liz Brewer said in a statement accompanying the poll’s results.“This is not only due to the recession but because many have become increasingly house-proud and keen to show off their cooking skills,in addition to their latest home entertainment purchases.”Celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was the top choice for dream host of respondents,while Prime Minister Gordon Brown was one of the least favored,alongside his rival Conservative leader David Cameron.1.What does the word“entertain”mean?A.hostB.enjoyC.enrollD.recruit2.What does the phrase“quality time”mean?A.precious timeB.much timeC.good quality timeD.limited time3.Which is the following is not true?A.Many respondents involved in the poll prefer inviting guests to meeting in bars and restaurants.B.half of the respondents in a poll said they now like to spend quality time with family and friendsC.“Come Dine with Me,”involved cooking skills.D.“Master Chef”inspired Britons to welcome gusts at home.4.What does the“splash out”most probably mean?A.crushB.waste moneyC.ashD.blush5.Over the last couple of years,why do clients have increasingly asked for home parties rather than ones at independent venues?A.recession and their willingness to show their cooking skillsB.it is more healthy to eat at homeC.it is cleaner to eat at homeD.it can create harmonious atmospherePassage2In November1965,New York was blacked out by an electricity failure.The authorities promised that it would not happen again.Pessimists were certain that it would occur again within five years at the latest.In July1997,there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of chaos throughout the city of eight million people.In1965,the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity.In1997,the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering from one of its worst heat waves.In1965,there was little crime or looting during the darkness,and fewer than a hundred people were arrested.In1997,hundreds of stores were broken into and looted.Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry,clothes or television sets.Nearly4,000people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night.The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows.Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day.The blackout started at9:30p.m.,when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables.Many stores were thus caught by surprise.The vast majority of New Yorkers,however,were not involved in looting.They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries,and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerator,elevators,water and electrical power.For twenty-four hours,New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.6.From the first paragraph,we know that_____were right.A.the authoritiesB.the pessimistsC.both the authorities and the pessimistsD.neither the authorities nor the pessimists7.In what way was the blackout of1997not really a repeat performance?A.There was much more disorder.B.This time the electricity supply failed.C.It was quite unexpected.D.It did not occur within five years of1965.8.As far as maintaining the peace was concerned,conditions in1997were comparatively_____.A.more favorableB.less favorableC.unchargedD.improved9.What caused the blackout in July1997?A.Excessive heat probably made people switch on too many electrical appliances.B.Because of unemployment,some machines were not in proper working order.C.During a storm,lightning damaged supply cables.D.The passage does not mention the cause.10.Why did many looters escape at last?A.The police could not see them in the dark.B.Many of the looters were armed with guns.C.There were not enough policemen to catch them all.D.They were hidden inside big buildings.Passage3Greece,economically,is in the black.With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco,cotton and fruit,the country earns enough from‘invisible earnings’to pay for its needed, growing imports.From the sending out of things the Greeks,earn only$285million;from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad,the country takes in an additional#375million and this washes out the almost$400million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget.Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense,the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus—$66million.Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange.It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights,I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems.It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe,and poverty is widespread.At best an annual income of$60to$70is the lot of many a peasant,and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside,cities,and towns of Greece.There are few natural resources on which to build anysubstantial industrial base.Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece.So far,most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made.As far back as1956,expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece.At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people,who had been examining hotel possibilities,and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy.They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied,beautiful,historical sights of Greece have new,if in many cases modest,tourist facilities.Tourism itself has jumped from approximately$31million to over$90million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized,greatly expanded Grande Bretagne,as well as other first-rate new hotels.And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome—without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.11.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is______.A.Greek income and expendituresB.The improving economic situation in GreeceC.The value of tourismitary expenditures12.Many peasants earn less than______.A.$60a weekB.$2a weekC.$1a dayD.$10a month13.The Greek Government spends______.A.more than25%of its budget on military termsB.More than its collectsC.A third of a billion dollars in goldD.Less than25%of its budget on military terms14.According to the passage,Greece has______.A.a dictatorshipB.a monarchyC.a single majority partyD.too much red tape15.Greece imports annually goods and materials______.A.totaling almost$700millionB.that balance exportsC.that are paid by touristsD.costing$66millionPassage4The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see.Say goodbye to the greetings of the past,from the hands-off“What’s up!”to the handshake or high-five.For young people across the country,hugging is the new“Hello”.Girls are hugging girls.Boys are hugging boys.Girls and boys are hugging each other.And,like every major trend,there are lots of variations on the form.There’s the classic,full-body,arms-around-the-person bear hug,the casual one-armed side hug,the group hug and the hug from behind.There is the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.As trends go,this one seems pretty innocent.But some parents,teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless.Will young people who aren’t as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging?Will kids who don’t receive hugs feel left Out?Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?In response to some of these concerns,some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging.A few important points are being left out of the discussion.While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching—saving hugs and kisses for relatives,romantic partners and very close friends—people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in some countries like Turkey,it’s not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek.Meanwhile,for the Maori people of New Zealand,a traditional greeting called the“hongi”involves pressing noses together.So,from a global perspective,the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so“new”after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello,and Americans are just now joining in.16.The word“practically”in the first paragraph could be best replaced by______.A.certainlyB.nearlyC.activelyD.voluntarily17.Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past?A.hands off“What’s up”B.handshakeC.high-fiveD.embrace18.Some parents,teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for thefollowing reasons EXCEPT______.A.Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.B.Those who don’t receive hugs feel left out.C.There is the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.D.Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.19.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.B.Although some adults worry about the trend,few measures have been taken to ban on it.C.Traditionally,the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.D.In some countries,it is men to kiss each other on the cheek.20.We can infer that the author holds a______attitude toward the new trend of hugging.A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.conservativeTest3Passage1Simply saying“thank you”may benefit both the recipient and the person who express gratitude, according to the results of studies conducted by researchers at Florida State University in Tallahassee.The studies,published in the latest issue of Psychological Science,found that saying“thank you”strengthens relationships by causing the person expressing thanks to feel more responsible for the recipient’s welfare.In one study,137college students completed a survey regarding how often they expressed gratitude to a friend or partner.Results showed that gratitude was positively linked with the person’s perception of the“communal”strength.In another study involving218college students,expressing gratitude found the expresser’s perception of the relationship’s strength over time was boosted.In the third study,75men and women were randomly assigned to one of four groups.Over a three-week period,one group expressed gratitude to a friend;another thought grateful thoughts about a friend,while a third thought about daily activities and a fourth had positive interactions with a friend. Those who expressed gratitude reported stronger relationships at the end of study than those in the other groups.Gratitude,when expressed,boosted communal strength,according to the study’s lead author, Nathaniel Lambert,a research associate at the University.He said the findings make sense because“when you express gratitude to someone,you are focusing on the good things that person has done for you,”he said.“It makes you see them in a more positive light and helps you to focus on their good traits.”Lambert said his research team tested the idea that:“The person doing the thanking comes to perceive the relationship as more communal,to see the person as more worthwhile to make a sacrifice for,to go the extra mile to help out”.Although the studies only looked at the people expressing gratitude,Lambert speculated that,“those who are being thanked will often feel an urge to reciprocate.They will want to express their gratitude back.It can become kind of an upward spiral.”1.What does“the person”in the first sentence refer to?A.the recipientB.the person who say“thank you”C.researchersD.the author2.How can saying“thank you”strengthen relationships?A.by making people more ready for the friendshipB.by way of making people who say“thank you”feel more responsible for the recipient’s welfareC.by saying repeatedlyD.by the expressions between close friends3.What were the three different studies conducted for?A.To show how many people have said“thank you”all the time.B.To present the positive phenomena in society.C.To make the way in which expressing gratitude helps deepen relationships clear.D.To make it clear that whether expressing gratitude can help deepen relationships.4.What does the word“reciprocate”mean?A.thank backB.receiptC.acceptD.reception5.What does the author’s attitude towards“saying thank you”?A.negativeB.indifferentC.positiveD.horrifying。

2023年在职硕士英语试卷真题

2023年在职攻读硕士学位硕士全国联考英语试题英语试卷一Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A dialogue communicationDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark you answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A: Excuse me, but can you tell us where the conference room is?Speaker B: __________ The conference room is located on the third floor of the hotel.A. Of course, sir.B. Yes, please.C. Right, sir.D. You are welcome.2. Speaker A: __________Speaker B: I’m running a temperature, and feel sick.A. What can I do for you?B. What seems to be the trouble?C. What are you doing these days?D. How long has this been going on?3. Speaker A: Nancy, you look very well.Speaker B: Thank you, Jane. You look wonderful too. Your weekend swimming must have done good to you.Speaker A: ______________A. You think so? That’s encouraging.B. That’s very kind of you.C. Are you serious? Thank you anyway.D. Are you kidding? I don’t believe it.4. Speaker A: It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.Speaker B: Well, you know what they say: _________A. There is no smoke without fire.B. Practice makes perfect.C. All roads lead to Rome.D. No pains, no gains.5. Speaker A: Don’t you smoke?Speaker B: ______________A. No. Nothing interests me less than smoking.B. Yes. I have never smoked in my life.C. No. Only once in a while.D. Yes. And I hate others smoking in my face.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Woman: I just found out at registration that the creative writing class is full. Now I have to waita whole year to get in.Man: Why don’t you check back after the first week? Somebody might drop it.Question: What does the man suggest the woman should do?A. Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mistake.B. Decide whether to drop the course next week.C. Find out if a place opens up in the course later.D. Take the course next year.7. Woman: I want to talk with Tom now.Man: You can’t do that. He is in a bad mood.Question: Why can’t the woman talk to Tom now?A. Tom is terribly ill.B. Tom is in low spirits.C. Tom is bad-tempered.D. Tom is very nervous.8. Woman: You often complain a lot about your boss. But today you are different.Man: We had a heart-to-heart talk and I saw him new eyes.Question: What does the man mean?A. He saw his boss as a real person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.9. Woman: Maybe we should take the front street this morning. The radio announcer said that thetraffic is very heavy on the freeway.Man: Well, if he says to take the front street, we should go the other way.Question: What does the man think of the radio announcer?A. He’s humorous.B. He makes no mistakes.C. He doesn’t speak clearly.D. He’s unreliable.10. Woman: I didn’t see you at the concert last night. What’s wrong with you?Man: That’s not my cup of tea.Question: What does the man mean?A. He is not fond of concerts.B. He didn’t like the tea at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn’t want to tell the woman why he was not there.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. The work has __________ the status of a classic among the composer’s admirers.A. requiredB. acquiredC. inquiredD. inspired12. Some people think they can read a man’s ________ from his handwriting.A. attributeB. featureC. propertyD. character13. The young heir was so _______ that he gave all his money away in a couple of years.A. handsomeB. genuineC. talentedD. generous14. Only by understanding the Web deeply _______ hope for people to grasp its full potential.A. can there beB. can be thereC. be there canD. there can be15. What you’re _______ to read may challenge your assumptions about the kind of world we livein.A. aroundB. aheadC. aboveD. about16. The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste _______ the petroleum that fuels muchof American manufacturing.A. in terms ofB. in favor ofC. in spite ofD. in place of17. The _______ he said it he knew what a mistake he had made.A. momentB. timeC. occasionD. hour18. I ________ rather solve the problems in my farm myself than seek the help of other people.A. shouldB. shallC. wouldD. will19. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the _______ that its disadvantagesare far greater than its advantages.A. solutionB. conclusionC. answerD. attention20. By the time you have completed the essential training, you _____ exposed to virtually everynew feature of the course.A. will have beenB. will beC. would have beenD. would be21. Too often teachers’_______ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviorsand laziness.A. acquaintancesB. associationsC. conferencesD. consultations22. _________ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.A. WhenB. WhereC. WhileD. Why23. He should _______ be allowed to get up until he has completely recovered from his illness.A. in caseB. in any caseC. in that caseD. in no case24. If nature does not provide man with the necessary material, it is the laboratory ________ hewill turn to for it.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what25. All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, they decided to take the train.A. were cancelledB. have been cancelledC. had been cancelledD. having been cancelled26. I really appreciate ________ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A. you to comeB. that you comeC. your comingD. how you come27. A new system of quality control was _________to overcome the shortcomings in the firm’sproducts.A. investedB. informedC. introducedD. instructed28. It may be worthwhile at this moment to_____ and see what results we have got after oneyear’s experiments.A. look backB. look aroundC. look upD. look forward29. I don’t think Mr. Watson will come here again today. Please give the ticket to ________ comeshere first.A. whomeverB. whomC. whoD. whoever30. Far too many owners of electric appliances have a hard time ____ qualified repairmen to fixtheir machines.A. findingB. to findC. to findingD. having foundPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage OneDon't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100,000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3,000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading can borrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month.Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized howmany of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. “They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit.” Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email “chapter-a-day” b ook club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. “Reading makes changes in people's lives,” Beecher says.Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of r eading. “It's a different way to get people hooked on books,” she says.31. Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people _______.A. get back into the habit of readingB. relieve stress from office workC. find interesting books onlineD. buy books more conveniently32. The passage was written in ___________.A. 1999B. 2023C. 2023D. 202333. It can be inferred that through Chapter-A-Day _________.A. public libraries have become crowded with readersB. Ms Beecher made much money for her software companyC. people begin to read very slowly and patientlyD. people cannot finish reading any book online34. The word “installment” in the passage probably means “ ________. ”A. a library emailB. a rare piece of literatureC. a free novelD. a part of a book35. Ms Beecher decided to expand her Chapter-A-Day service because_____.A. over 3, 000 libraries had joinedB. many other people could benefitC. eight book clubs supported herD. free email service was availablePassage TwoChicago Public Schools are going to great lengths to hire teachers—now the school district recruits teachers from other countries to help solve a shortage of teachers. It all started in 1999, when Rouses Hannon, a math and physics teacher from Palestine(巴勒斯坦), visited Chicago. He read about the teacher shortage at Chicago Public Schools and asked the school board if they’d hire him. The board was interested and decided to create a special program for foreign-born teachers like Hannon, and he was the first teacher hired.The program is called the Global Educator Outreach or GEO, and it’s a partnership between Chicago Public Schools and the U. S. Government. Because the teacher shortage in Chicago is so extreme, the Government allows the school district to temporarily hire foreign teaching candidates using HI-B visas. The Government grants these visas only to skilled foreign-born citizens so they can work in highly specialized jobs that can’t be filled with available U. S. workforce.Through the GEO, the school district has hired dozens of teachers from 22 different countries. Applicants must pass an English language test and specialize in math, science, world language or bilingual(双语旳) education. Hannon and the first GEO teachers started in the classroom at the beginning of the 2023-2023 school year.What do the GEO teachers think of the American classroom? Hannon, who was hired to teach math at Gage Park High School, says classrooms in Chicago are very different from those in Palestine. For one thing, he says, the fixed schedule that forces students to attend the same classes at the same time each day becomes too dull. In Palestine, the class schedule changes each week. He says in Palestine, the culture forces students to work hard because if they don’t they’ll be kicked out and put in vocational schools, which limits their career options. There is not nearly as much pressure for American students to do well. He says he has to do double the amount of work just to get his students interested.36. Chicago Public Schools began to employ foreign teachers because_____.A. there were not enough American teachersB. a program for foreign teachers was startedC. the school board was interested in foreign teachersD. foreign teachers taught better than American teachers.37. The American Government is involved in the program because _______.A. the schools are public schoolsB. the Government is to finance the programC. the Government grants visas to the foreign teachersD. the program involves bilingual education38. It seems that the Global Educator Outreach will_____.A. be difficult to continueB. last a limited period of timeC. pose a threat to US workforceD. be extended to other cities39. Chicago Public Schools do not seem to lack teachers of _______.A. EnglishB. mathC. scienceD. world language40. Hannon, as a GEO teacher, has found that _______.A. class schedules in America and Palestine are very much the sameB. fixed class schedules make it easy for teachers to prepare lessonsC. vocational schools offer a good career option for American studentsD. American students do not work as hard as Palestinian students Passage ThreeWorkforce is defined as the total number of people who are available to work and earn incomes. The definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employers and the self-employed.Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are several other influences which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural increase, i.e., the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as the total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines.Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce, there are not enough young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finances must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts arerelatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.41. Workforce is composed of _________.A. both the employed and the self-employedB. people employed to work for othersC. both employers and employeesD. people available to work and earn incomes42. The factor that does not influence the size of the workforce is _______.A. the size of the total populationB. the age distribution of a populationC. the national economyD. the natural population growth43. It can be concluded from Paragraph 2 that ________.A. a population growth leads to a greater proportion of workforceB. a large population does not necessarily mean a high proportion of workforceC. the size of the aged determines the proportion of workforceD. the proportion of the very young determines the size of workforce44. The size of the workforce declines when ________.A. many people reach the retiring ageB. the birth rate falls rapidlyC. the number of retirees exceeds that of new workersD. the death rate increases45. The last paragraph focuses on _______.A. the factors that influence the workforce structureB. the importance of workforce distribution to the economyC. the relationship between age distribution and economyD. the influence of population growth on the national economyPassage FourHonesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often deserts us when no one is watching, British psychologists reported last week.Researchers at UK’s Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology depar tment’s coffee room. They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the prices for drinks. People helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung. “Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect,” said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers.Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual(感官旳) signal for humans. “Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly,” said Melissa Bateson,a behavioral biologist and leader of the study.Researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral features that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly. “There’s an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we’re being watched we should behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” Bateson said.The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to. The finding could be put to practical use, too. For example, images of eyes could increase ticket sales on public transport and improve supervision systems to prevent antisocial behavior.46. The experiment conducted in Newcastle University shows that ________.A. people enjoy free drinks more than paid onesB. most people are dishonest if nobody is watchingC. people like pictures of flowers more than pictures of eyesD. people are more honest when watched by pictures of eyes47. Gilbert Roberts was shocked because _______ _.A. so many people had participated in the experimentB. so many of the participants were dishonestC. the effects of the pictures of flowers and gazing eyes were so differentD. the effects of eyes and other perceptual signals were so powerful48. The phrase “sheds light on” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.A. hints atB. makes clearerC. points toD. further proves49. According to the passage, early humans _________.A. were less selfish than the present-day peopleB. were more co-operative in natureC. had to be co-operative to surviveD. had to behave better than the present-day people50. Images of eyes could be put up in the following places EXCEPT _________.A. subway entrancesB. supermarketsC. back streetsD. hotel bedroomsPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.German zoologist Randolf Menzel says bees aren’t as busy as people believe they are. “Bees are not particularly ___51___. Instead they sleep a lot and are lazy. They spend ___52___ 80 percent of the night sleeping. Even during the day they often fly to the nest ___53___ they rest their wings,” said Menzel, a zoologist at the Free University in Berlin, who has studied bees forfour decades. But to ___54___ for their apparent laziness, they are actually very intelligent. They are ___55___ learners and able to recognize various smells.Menzel said bees’ learning, like ___56___ of many animals, was based on a reward system. “If a bee is rewarded once for something, it remembers it for a week. But if it is rewarded three times, it will remember it for its ___57___ lifetime,” said Menzel who, last week, was awarded a ___58___ by the German Zoological Society.The memory capacity of bees means they can ___59___ among more than 50 different smells to find the one they want. “What is interesting is that what smells good to a bee, is also a ___60___ smell for humans,” said Menzel.51. A. working hard B. hard working C. hardly working D. working hardly52. A. as to B. as much C. up to D. such as53. A. what B. to which C. in that D. where54. A. compensate B. provide C. search D. account55. A. rapid B. swift C. speedy D. quick56. A. those B. which C. that D. what57. A. full B. integrated C. all D. entire58. A. prize B. praise C. price D. pride59. A. discriminate B. distinguish C. divide D. derive60. A. sickening B. pleasant C. harsh D. graceful英语试卷二Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Each year in the United States more people are killed or injured in accidents—at home, at work or school, at play, or while traveling—than were killed or injured in the Vietnam war. In the early 1990s, about half of these accidental deaths were the result of motor-vehicle accidents. Other major causes of accidental deaths were falls, fires, and poisoning. On a worldwide basis, accidents involving motor vehicles are the primary cause of accidental deaths, followed by accidents in industry and in the home.Efforts to lessen or to eliminate the hazardous conditions that cause accidents are known as safety measures. Safety is a growing concern around the world, and safety skills are being taken more seriously today than ever before. People have came to realize that safety skills can be learned, and most safety experts agree that it is possible to predict, and take steps to prevent, the majority of accidents. Few accidents simply “happen”. Most are caused by ignorance, carelessness, neglect, or lack of skill.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words about the topic “On the Significance of the Qing-Zang Railroad”. Your composition should be based on the Chinese clues given below.青藏铁路于今年7月1日通车。

在职研英语考试第六版大纲样卷试题6(带答案)

同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题6Part I Oral Communication ( 15 minutes, 10 points)Section ADirections：In this section,there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanksand three choices A, B, and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Dialogue OneA. How I envied them!B. but I think I’ll agree with you.C. I had somebody else in the roon with me.Sharon: Did you have your own room when you were little, Wang Qiang?Wang: No, for I think the first seventeen years of my life, (1) .Sharon: I always wanted my own room, you know, because there were five of us in the family and we always have to share rooms. I had my … my own room with the first time when I was about 15 or something.Wang: I was very happy when my sister got married because then I could take her room. Sharon: Oh, really?Wang: And for the first time in my life I had my own room. I felt very proud and wrote in my diary, “I will treasure this new freedom!”Sharon: Well, a lot of my friends had their own rooms when they were very young, some even as babies. (2) . But there were only three bedrooms in our house for seven people so we really were …Wang: By the way, what do you think of letting a small baby sleep in a separate room? Many Chinese parents are astonished at this idea.Sharon: I think it’s … I thibk it’s generally good. I think whenever possible because it makes people feel more independent and maybe a …Wang: Well, I don’t know, (3) .Dialogue TwoA. That’s the table done!B. You had it last!C. I’ve got it!Mr. Evans:Have you seen the corkscrew anywhere?Mrs. Evans:(4) .Mr. Evans:Don’t you remember where I put it?Mrs. Evans:Try the bottom left-hand corner of the cupboard. If it’s not there, have a look in the drawer of the sideboard.Mr. Evans:If you can’t find it, then we’ll have to borrow one from next door.Mrs. Evans:(5) . It was in the cupboard.Mr. Evans:Do you think we’ll have enough drink?Mrs. Evans:There should be plenty.Mr. Evans:(6) . Put the wine glassed on the small table, please. We’ll have the wine first. Will you remind me about the beef? The vegetables are nearly done.Mrs. Evans:Mmm. Everything’s ready! I was afraid they’d be delayed by the traffic. Let them in, Bill, while I see to the food.Mr. Evans:Hello, Barbara; hello …Section BDirections: In this section, there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C, and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.A. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away.B. I generally find out what I do is effective for me.C. I enjoy a mental challenge.D. How do you relex in the evening?Interviewer: So, why exactly does your job have reputation for being stressful?Interviewee:Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both. Interviewer: (7) .Interviewee: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go tothe gym or go for a run, especially if I had a bad day. (8) . To do something my brain will regard as creative.Interviewer: Do you think what you do to relax is an effective way to beat stress?Interviewee:I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. (9) . Interviewer: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor? Interviewee:I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, can actually be a positive thing. Interviewer: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?Interviewee: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. (10) .Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short, medium and long-term trading performance and success.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions:In this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. They discovered that the electric currents in the brain were _____ to those of the cat before it was frozen.A. familiarB. similarC. equalD. essential12. Most engineers were ______ about the effectiveness of the new model of word-processors.A. pessimisticB. doubtfulC. worryD. ignorant13. This statement is not ______ with the ones you made earlier.A. consideredB. competitiveC. comparativeD. consistent14. It is possible that it will rain if the wind changes, but with such a cloudless sky it doesn’t seem ________.A. prospectiveB. probableC. promisingD. prominent15. Though they disagreed on details, they were in _____ agreement over the plan.A. substantialB. steadyC. stableD. sticky16. To all ______ appearances he was a quiet man, but he had a violent temper.A. extremeB. extraC. externalD. extraordinary17. When staying as a guest in someone’s home, you must be careful not to _____ them.A. exciteB. offendC. appreciateD. pursue18. If you are a member of a club, you must ______ to the rules of that club.A. creditB. confirmC. deduceD. console19. In 1965, the business was in heavy debt, and then went into ___________.A. complaintB. complicationC. bankruptcyD. circulation20. Some thoughtless vacationers _______ the beach with cigarette packages, beer cans and paper.A. exemplifiedB. exterminatedC. litteredD. erasedPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points)Section ADirections:In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statement, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneDuring Tokyo’s morning rush hour, a train pulled int o a subway station, and coughing passengers, complaining of a terrible odor, piled out quickly. Stationmaster Tsuneo Hishinuma rushed in and found a plastic bag leaking clear liquid. Hishinuma took the bag to an office and phoned for help. He was found on the floor, foaming at the mouth and left this world. Within minutes, five packed trains had pulled into the station with similar packages with a deadly poison that evaporates into gas. The March 20, 1995, attack killed 12 and sent 5500 to hospitals. The criminals were members of an association called Shinrikyo, which was formed in 1987 to convince it people that the end of the world is at hand.In the United States, shocked by super-terrorism, the Congress has authorized $65 million to establish regional response units and train local emergency workers in anti-terrorist chemical and biological incidents. The FBI’s hostage-rescue team has been expanded. Such efforts must continue because we are really unprepared. In April 1995, when New York simulated a Tokyo-style subway gas attack, over 100 emergency personnel arriving at the scene were declared “dead.”A reward may have helped capture the world’s most dangerous terrorist, Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, who is accused of masterminding the World Trade Center bomb explosion. The FBI advertised a $2 million reward for his capture. In January 1995 Yousef was mixing explosives in his kitchen in Manilawhen his mixture began to smoke, attracting firefighters and police. They found a computer file detailing an elaborate plot to blow up a dozen American airliners in a two-day period. But Yousef had disappeared. A month later U.S agents burst into Yousef’s room and arrested him. A federal jury last September convicted Yousef for plotting to bomb the American airliners; he faces life in prison without parole.As Alecksandr Solzhenitsyn, FBI officer said, “All forms of terrorism have been spreading because everyone is ready to raise the white flag before them. But as soon as some firmness is shown, terrorism can be smashed.”21. The passengers in the train complained about _____________.A. heavy crowds of peopleB. stuffy air.C. coughing noiseD. bad smell22. What happened to the stationmaster?A. He was sent to the hospital.B. He died soon after he touched the bag.C. He found himself burned.D. He was seriously injured.23. What happened in April, 1995 in New York?A. There was a real subway gas attack.B. There was an exercise for a subway gas attack.C. A Tokyo-style subway gas attack was stopped.D. Over 100 emergency personnel were killed.24. Yousef was accused of _____________.A. destroying the computer filesB. exploding World Trade Center by himselfC. making explosives for his followersD. planning to explode the airplanes25. The passage infers that dealing with terrorists the effective way is to ___________.A. strengthen the law against the crimes in certain areasB. make people aware of their dangerC. take rigid action against themD. create a reward program against them Passage TwoBy adopting a few simple techniques, parents who read to their children can substantially increase their children’s language development. It’s surprising, but true. The experi ment which was conducted in Princeton University has clearly proved how parents talk to their children makes a big difference in the children’s language development. If a parent encourages the child to actively respond to what the parent is reading, the ch ild’s language skills increase.A study was done with two- to three-year-old children and their parents. Half of the thirty children participated in the experimental study; the other half acted as the control group. In theexperimental group, the parents were given a two-hour training session in which they were taught to ask open-ended questions rather than yes/no questions. For example, the parent should ask, “What is the doggie doing?” rather than, “Is the doggie running away?” Experimental parents were a lso instructed in how to expand on their children’s answers, how to suggest alternative possibilities, and how to praise correct answers.At the beginning of the study, the children did not differ on measures of language development, but at the end of one month the children in the experimental group tested 5.5 month ahead of the control group on a test of verbal expression and vocabulary. Nine months later, the children in the experimental group still showed an advance of 6 months over the control group.26. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?A. Parents who listen to their children can teach them more.B. Active children would be likely to read more.C. Children who talk a lot are more intelligent.D. Verbal ability can easily be increased.27. What was the difference between the control group and the experimental group?A. The training parents received.B. The age of the children.C. The books that were read.D. The number of children.28. According to the author, which of the following questions is the best type to ask after reading to a child about a zoo?A. Do you see the elephant?B. Is the elephant in the cage?C. What animals do you like?D. Shall we go to the zoo?29. In Line 11, the word “alternative” could best be replaced by which of the following?A. Better.B. Other.C. Easier.D. Clearer.30. What conclusion is best supported by this passage?A. Parents should be trained to read to their children.B. The more children read, the more intelligent they become.C. Children’s language skills increase when they are required to respond actively.D. Children who read actively act six months older.Passage ThreeThe use of the word "imitation" reminds me that I ought to make some more comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime or violence. For example Iremember a woman who was head of an infants school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children were in the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope round his neck over the branch of a tree; fortunately she was in time to intervene before the child was hanged. I remember a film of no particular merit in which the hero who was imprisoned had escaped by killing his guard, the technique being shown in detail. This was the kind of scene which we should cut for these reasons.In films for young people we always tried to keep off the screen any details of criminal techniques, such as how to open a locked door with a piece of wire, or how to open a safe; if we were consulted before production I used to advise that the details should not be shown. When I gave talks in prisons about film censorship I invariably had full support for this; since fathers who were in prison for criminal offenses did not want their children to embark on crime.Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Rififi made by Jules Dassin in 1954. This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of a jeweler's shop, the robbery sequence lasting about half an hour and being backed only by natural sound --- one of the most brilliant film sequences of all time. I remember our discussions at the time. We took into account the fact that the robbery was accomplished only with the use of elaborate and obviously expensive equipment, and that only the most experienced and skilled criminals could possibly imitate it; we believed therefore that it was relatively safe. When talking in prisons some years later I learned that there had been several robberies in which the techniques had been copied, so perhaps we were wrong.31. In the first paragraph, the writer presented an example just to ____________________.A. stop children from fighting togetherB. intervene before the child was hangedC. show how dangerous scenes affected kidsD. indicate how terrible today's children were32. The passage indicates that the writer of this passage is in favor of that TV programs and films should be _________________.A. remade in detailsB. censored to some extentC. stopped for a whileD. be kept away from children33. Which of the following is Not true?A. The writer lectured to prisoners from time to time.B. Fathers in prison didn't want their children to follow them.C. A succession of a robbery in a film lasted about half an hour.D. Children of the criminals often commit crimes.34. The write r realized that people’s belief was wrong because ___________.A. a complicated robbery happened at the same time of the showB. criminals accomplished a difficult robbery with easy techniquesC. criminals succeeded in imitating a complicated robberyD. robbers learned the techniques from reports quickly35. The profession of the person who wrote this passage is probably a ________________.A. detective story writerB. policeman of a prisonC. government officerD. social activistPassage FourThough harvesting ice is not a new concept, now it has been considered in a new way. Long time ago some clever people wanted to use the ice for drinking water by shipping it from the areas where there was a lot of ice to the areas where there was a water shortage. Recently scientists in the United States have been studying this idea of harvesting ice as a possible solution to the problem of the declining fresh water supply, which is happening in many parts of the world. According to the statistics which is presented by Stanford Water Supply Institute, ninety percent of the earth’s fresh water is in the icecap of Antarctica. If only 10 percent of that ice could be drawn to civilization, it could provide water for 500 million people. But the problem, of course, is one of melting. How can a huge iceberg be dragged across the sea without melting?The answer could lie in enclosing the floating ice in a huge cylindrical container made of a high-strength synthetic fabric. If the iceberg were pushed into the fabric container, which is opened at both ends, then the ends could be sealed and the sea water pulled out. After that it could be drawn to civilization. The melting rate would be slowed down and the synthetic net would act as a holding tank for the water. Engineering this project, which might include a container up to one kilometer in length and 100 meters in diameter, would be a feat, but engineers say it is possible. After all, fishermen in North Australia sometimes use nets 8 kilometers long and 20 meters across. If this idea could be put into practice, the worldwide water shortage could be diminished.36. What is the main subject of this passage?A. The declining water supply on earth.B. Fresh water in the Antarctic.C. A solution to fresh water needs.D. The making of a synthetic water container.37. How does the author propose to transport the ice?A. By carrying it.B. By melting it.C. By piping it.D. By pulling it.38. According to the passage, the purpose of the fabric container is to ________.A. protect the iceB. diminish the speed of meltingC. cause the ice to floatD. pump out the sea water39. The word “feat” in Line 15 is most similar in meaning to which of the following?A. Expensive undertakingB. Difficult task.C. Disagreeable job.D. Critical step.40. The purpose of the last sentence but one is to _____________.A. reinforce the feasibility of the projectB. compare fishermen to engineersC. Contrast iceberg containers and fishing netsD. define the size of the containerSection BDirections:In this section, you are required to read several excerpts from newspapers and/or magazines. These excerpts are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Excerpt 1:What does an economist think of that? A lot depends on whether the economist is a man or a woman. A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation’s professional economists, a divide similar ---- and in some cases bigger ---- than the gender divide found in the general public. Differences extend to core professional belief ---- such as the effect of minimum wage laws ---- not just matters of political opinion.Excerpt 2:Opinion differences between men and women are well-documented in the general public. President Obama leads Mitt Romney by 10 percentage points among women. Romney leads Obama by 3 percentage points among men, according to the latest Gallup Poll.Excerpt 3:Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other’s anto-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, “are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group,” he says.Excerpt 4:A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. “We want many of the same things as liberals ---- less poverty, more health care ---- but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it.”Excerpt 5:Female economists tend to favor a bigger role for government whicle male economists have greater faith in business and the marketplace. Is the U. S. economy excessively regulated? Sixty-five percent of female economists said “no”---- 24 percentage points higher than male economists. “It’s very puzzling,” says free-market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va. “Not a day goes by that I don’t ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free-market side.”Excerpt 6:The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates now go to women. The chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers has been a woman three of 27 times since 1946 ---- one advising Obama and two advising Bill Clinton. The Federal Reserve Board of Governors has three women, bringing the total to eight of 90 members since 1914. Excerpt 7:The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals’skills, experience and voluntary choices while female economists overwhemingly disagree. The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral.41. Gender differences between male and femal economists can be observed in the following aspects EXCEPT .A. core professional beliefsB. political preferences in presiential electionC. equality for womenD. the role of government in economy42. The majority of female economists tend to agree that .A. business and the marketplace should play a bigger role in economy.B. the U. S. economy is excessively regulated by the government.C. free market should be greatly encouraged to boost the U. S. economyD. the wage gap between men and women might be caused by the gender difference43. According to de Rugy, the difference between her and liberals is .A. their attitudes towards government interventionB. the goals they hope to achieveC. how to reducer poverty and improve health careD. the role of government in economy44. Which Excerpt discusses the difference of male and female economists in the relationship with their profession?A. Excerpt 2.B. Excerpt 3.C. Excerpt 6.D. Excerpt 7.Part IV Cloze (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are a lit of 15 words and phrases with 15 blanks. Read the passage carefully and choose one word or phrase from the list for each of the blanks in the passage. Change the form of the words and phrase if necessary. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET .Children often face a daily heavy attack of advertisement for food, according to an international study of 46 . The 13–country survey was carried out by Consumers International, a body 47 national consumer organizations, which fears that the advertising may 48 advice on healthy eating.Children in Australia see the most 49 advertisements ---- 12 advertisements per hour on average. American children see 11 ads an hour. British children see more food advertisements 50 any other children in Europe ---- 10 ads per hour. In Sweden and Norway, 51 television ads directed towards children is banned, youngsters see 52 food ads.Nearly 95 per cent of the food 53 on British television were high in fat, sugar, salt, or mixtures of these ingredients. Advertising for 54 foods such as fruit and vegetables almost did not exist. “The results are especially worrying,” Lucy Harris says, “and the children struggle to distinguish ads from television programs.” She urged the government 55 rethink the regulations covering ads to children.Part V Text Completion (20 minutes, 20 points)Directions: In this part there are three short texts. For each text, you should first fill in the blank inthe choices A, B, C (and D) with the best answer provided in the rectangle. Then, complete the text itself by filling in each of the blanks with the completed A, or B, or C (or D). Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Text OneA. can (56) big rewardB. no one (57) up onC. may (58) away not only unpunishedMore and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes (59) . Even worse, a number of people who have done this an been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if (60) what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal (61) but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.Text TwoA. readily (62) by pushing a buttonB. that people are easily (63)C. human beings are (64) lazyThere are two reasons for this sad decline: One, (65) . Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similiarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is (66) . When there is a famous, talented musician (67) , which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself?Text ThreeB. the customs and values of (69)C. In (70) of their socializationD. a first step toward (71)Acculturation (文化传承), which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children (72) . How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents’ privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as (73) . Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill(74) . American English expresses these value preferences: children should “cut the (umbilical) cord” and are encouraged not to be “tied to their mothers’ apron (围裙) strings.”(75) children learn to “look out for number one” and to “stand on their own two feet.”Part VI Translation (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.In accordance with the recent study conducted by a group of well-known scientists, differences in various areas of scientific research have several causes. Some of these causes are completely results of social needs and development. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. It can be predicted, however,that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine, which could provide these answers.Part VII Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words. You should write according to the outline given below. Please remember to write it clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.Outline:1. 食物对人类的重要性2. 世界性或地区性食物短缺的原因3. 如何克服这些困难Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Part I Oral Communication ( 15 minutes, 10 points)1-5 CABBC 6-10 ADABCPart II V ocabulary 11-15 BBDBA 16-20 CBBCCPart III Reading Comprehension21-25 DBBDC 26-30 DACBC 31-35 CBDCD 36-40 CDBBA41-44 BDCBPart IV Cloze Test46. advertising 47. representing 48. weaken 49. food 50. than51. where 52. rarely 53. advertised 54. healthy 55. to56. reap 57. checks 58 walk 59-61 ABC62. available 63. embarrassed 64 astonishingly 65-67CBA68. prevailing values 69. the parents’ culture 70. the process 71. personal independence 72-75 BDACPART I TranslationPart III Guided WritingAs known to all, food is very important for human beings. Everybody eats to live. The food we eat gives us energy to grow, work, play and keep us warm and healthy. If we didn’t eat anything for a day, we would feel hungry and weak. If we didn’t eat anything for a longer time, we would die. Therefore, food is vital to our life.Unfortunately, there is a serious shortage of food in many parts of the world. Due to the natural disasters and poor land, some countries cannot harvest enough grain for their people. We often hear form radio or TV that African countries suffer from starvation from time to time. Even in our country, food shortage is still a great threat to our nation.However, there are some ways to solve this problem. First, more attention should be drawn from the public and all the governments to food shortage. All the countries should put more money into the agriculture. Second, advanced technology should be accepted, and new kinds of grain plants should be cultivated and introduced to these countries which are short of food. Finally, rich countries should help the poor develop the agriculture and produce more food. In this way the food problem can be tackled.。

在职教育硕士联考英语阅读训练及答案(三)

在职教育硕士联考英语阅读训练及答案（三）We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble” suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock. However, “he opened his eyes wide” is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese surprise can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out their tongues”! Sticking out your tonguein English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike.Even in the same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people’s faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or understand body language than younger people do.1. According to the passage, ___.A. we can hardly understand what people’s gestures meanB. we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings in words or gesturesC. words can be better understand by older peopleD. gestures can be understand by most of the people while words can not参考答案：D2 People’s facial expressions may be misunderstood because ___.A. people of different ages may have different understandingB. people have different culturesC. people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different wayD. people of different countries speak different languages参考答案：B3. In the same culture, ___.A. people have different ability to understand and express feelingsB. people may have the same understanding of somethingC. people never fail to understand each otherD. people are equally intelligent参考答案：A4. From this passage, we can conclude ___.A. words are used as frequently as gesturesB. words are often found difficult to understandC. words and gestures are both used in expressing feelingsD. gestures are more efficiently used than words参考答案：C5. The best title for this passage may be ___.A. Words and FeelingsB. Words, Gestures and FeelingsC. Gestures and FeelingsD. Culture and Understanding。

2023 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题及答案(二)

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题及答案（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today:you’re the CEO of a small business,and though you’re making a nice 1,you need to find a way to take itto the next level.What you need to do isgrowth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focuson finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world4.Prior to forming a growth team,the software companyBitTorrent had 50employees working in thedepartments of engineering,marketingand product development.This brought them good results until 2012,when their growth 2growth by establishing a growth team.A35plateaued.The product.And upgrade.6was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the7Things changed,a growth team and sparked the kind of10perspective they needed.By looking atengineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the11of8,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently13the premium version to users of the free version.14upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by 92percent.,But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can15the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16the target area,set clear goals and establish a timeframe for the17of these goals.The growth leader is also18for keeping the team focused on moving forward andsteering them clear of distractions.19attractive,new ideas can be distracting,the teamleader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20the current goal and need to be put onthe back burner.1.A.purchase 2.A.define B.profit C.connection C.prioritize C.potentially C.debate D.bet B.predict D.appreciate D.initially D.example D.traditional D.problem D.besides 3.A.exclusively 4.A.experiment 5.A.identical 6.A.rumor B.temporarily B.proposal B.marginal B.secret C.provisional C.myth 7.A.despite B.unlike C.through C.therefore C.expanded C.fresh 8.A.moreover 9.A.inspected 10.A.cultural 11.A.end B.however B.created D.again D.reformed D.personal D.decrease D.insight B.objective B.burden ck 12.A.policy 13.A.contributing 14.A.As a result 15.A.unite B.suggestion B.allocating B.At any rate B.finance B.identify B.assessment B.responsible B.Once C.purpose C.promoting C.By the way C.follow D.transferring D.In a sense D.choose 16.A.share C.divide D.broaden D.accomplishment D.respectable D.Unless 17.A.announcement 18.A.famous 19.A.Before 20.A.serveC.adjustment C.available C.While B.limitC.summarizeD.alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut—and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the greenwash”of artificial grass,already has more than20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered7,276and11,282signatures.However,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of£500on trees or shrubs for their garden,which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered 30,000signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.”It added:“We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters.However,the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass____A.is harmful to the environment.B.is a hot topic in gardening circles.C.is overpraised in the annual show.D.is ruining the view of west London.22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph3reveal the campaigners’____A.disappointment with the RHS.B.resistance to fake grass use.C.anger over the proposed tax.D.concern about real grass supply.23.In Paragraph4,supporters of fake grass point out____A.the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass.B.the disadvantages of growing real grass.C.the way to take care of artificial lawns.D.the challenges of insect habitat protection.24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?A.Urge legislation to restrict its use.B.Take measures to guarantee its quality.C.Remind its users to obey existing rules.D.Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass____A.is being improved continuously.B.has seen a market share decline.C.is becoming increasingly affordable.D.has been a controversial product.。

在职攻读硕士联考英语-78

在职攻读硕士联考英语-78(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)People don"t always go to coffee shops just for a drink, but to spend time with friends or read a book. This "coffee shop culture" is very popular in the UK and it is a fantastic way to spend time with loved ones. It isn"t popular everywhere, though.There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. On the main street of my home city, Edinburgh, there are at least five quite large coffee shops. Heading away from the main street you are still never more than a five-or-ten-minute walk to the nearest cafe.Most coffee shops have a cozy atmosphere. They are places where you can sit for hours as you sip (小口喝) your coffee. People go with friends and family to chat and relax after going shopping, or meet up just for a gossip. Alternatively, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places to read in peace, or to sit and write. And with free Wi-Fi in many places, it is not difficult to spend a lot of time in a coffee shop.In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist, or, at least, is still very new. Famous for its coffee I imagined that even the tiniest Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist but they are nowhere near as common as I had expected.The ones that do exist are very different from those in the UK. They are places where you go in, have a quick drink and then leave immediately. Nobody spends the afternoon enjoying a peaceful moment. People never seem to come in for a leisurely drink but for a quick—almostbusiness-like—meeting, even if they are with family or friends. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, apparently, ridiculous. Every time I go alone with a book, other customers look at me as if I had horns. I could be painting a wrong picture, of course. This may be the culture only in Pasto, where I live; other Colombian cities perhaps have a more developed coffee shop culture.（分数：20.00）(1).It is stated in the passage that a coffee shop in Britain is a place ______.（分数：4.00）A.mainly for a drinkB.for spending time leisurely √C.for business meetingsD.mainly for people to date解析：[解析] 细节题。

在职硕士联考英语联考英语--教育类作文精品

教育类作文：6. Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Project Hope. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:1. Present situation2. Necessity of the project3. My suggestion范文Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country. The modernization of our country calls for the modernization of education in advance. However, the development of education is by no means balanced all over the country. In some poverty-stricken areas, a surprisingly large number of school-agers cannot afford to go to school. As a result, the “Project Hope” is initiated to promote education in those areas.This project, in my eyes, is necessary especially in two respects. For one thing, if children can’t gain access to education, the lack of human resources will be inevitable, and how can we hope to get rid of illiteracy and poverty? For another, at present it is beyond the ability of our government to provide enough money for so many school dropouts. The “project hope” accepts donations from organizations, enterprises and individuals, and then distributes the fund scientifically and reasonably to those in need of help.My suggestion is that all of us who have the financial ability join in the Project to help those school-agers. Only when all of us extend the helping hands can we hope to modernize our education and our nation.7. Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 150 words within 30 minutes on online education1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为这股热潮的的原因是……3. 我对网络教育的评价范文Online EducationBeing online is no longer something strange in our life. To some degree, it has become part of our daily life. Recently another helpful online activity has become very popular. That is online education.Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time? The quick development of the internet should be an essential reason, which makes all our dreams of attending class in the distance possible. Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology. Today, modern science and technology is developing with lightening speed. To catch up with this development we all feel an urgent to study. However, due to the great pace of modern society, many people are too busy to study full time at school. Online education just comes to their aid.Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. It’s indeed a helpful complement to the traditional educational means. It can provide different learners with more flexible and versatile ways of learning. Most of all, with online education, we can stick to our jobs. At the same time, we can study and absorb the latest knowledge.8. On Quality EducationThe prevailing traditional way of teaching is so old-fashioned that it is far from satisfying the need of the fast development of modern society. This problem，if not solved immediately and properly, will slow down the progress of the modernization of our country. So the policy of quality education was established in order to train and bring up more qualified graduates with greater ability.Quality education is of great necessity. Firstly, it lays stress on students. Initiative and creativeness help to cultivate and raise the students ability to think, analyze and solve concrete problems independently, which enables them to adapt themselves to various kinds of circumstances. Secondly, quality education emphasizes on students’ wide range of knowledge. Finally，the implementation of quality education will help to produce more and more great experts or scientists in all fields of modern science and technology.I strongly suggest that not only the government but also the whole society support and promote the successful implementation of this policy so that our country can become one of the strongest and most prosperous countries in the world as early as possible．。

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optimistic乐观的, 乐观主义的 He is an optimistic young fellow. 他是位乐观的年轻人。 optimism n. pessimistic悲观的; 悲观主义的 There is no reason to be pessimistic about the future. 没有理由对未来悲观。 pessimism n.
Twice once Think twice 三思，认真考虑 Please think twice before taking action. Once more Once again Once a week, twice a week
respective各自的; 各个的 He and I are each going to visit our respective teachers. 我和他分别要去拜访各自的老师。 swear 宣誓,发誓 I don't know anything about what happened, I swear. 我发誓, 我对所发生的事一无所知。
exclude排除; 不包括在内 Closing the windows excludes street noises. 关窗使街上吵闹的声音不能进来。 exclusive高级的, 奢华的 He often goes to the exclusive restaurants. 他经常去高级饭馆。 The story is exclusive to this newspaper. 这家报纸独家报道这个材料。 include包括, 包含 Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory. 他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。 inclusive包括…的, 包括一切的 It's an all inclusive price; there is nothing extra to pay. 这是一个包罗一切的价格, 不需再额外付款了。
work out解决, 解答; 计算出 This problem will not work out. 这个问题解答不了。 Can you work out on the map where we are now? 你能在地图上找到我们现在所在的位置吗?
prefer选择某事物(而不选择他事物); 更喜欢 He preferred to die instead of stealing. 他宁愿死也不愿意偷窃。 prefer… to…较喜欢; 宁愿 I prefer country life to town life. 我更喜欢乡村生活而不喜欢城市生活。 preferential优先的, 优惠的, 特惠的 This hotel gives preferential treatment to people who stay in it regularly. 旅馆给那些常客优惠待遇。
conspicuous显眼的, 明显的 There was a conspicuous landmark ahead. 前面有一个显著的路标。 He was conspicuous among his colleagues. 他在同事中出类拔萃。 inconspicuous 不引人注意的
redundant不需要的; 多余的,过剩的 Seventy men at the factory were redundant because of falling demand for our products. 由于对我们产品需求的减少, 工厂里有70人被辞退了。 There are too many redundant words in this book. 这本书里多余的词太多。 compete competitor competition compete for compete with
step脚步, 步 He stood within five steps of me. 他站在离我不到五步远的地方。 step by step一步步地, 逐步地, 逐渐地 He learnt the rules of the game step by step. shoulder by shoulder & hand in hand step up(使)增加, (s going to be late, he stepped up his pace. 约翰发现要迟到了, 就加大步伐。 He has stepped up into the management of the firm. 他已升入公司的管理部门。
invisible看不见的; 暗藏的 The air is full of (be filled with) millions of invisible germs. 空气中充满了许多看不见的细菌。 visible看得见的, 可见的, 有形的 It is a visible star in the sky. vision视力, 视觉 I've had my eyes tested and the report says that my vision is perfect. 我去检查眼睛, 根据报告我视力极佳。
concern忧虑, 担心 vt.有关于, 关系到 These problems concern all of us. 这些问题与我们所有的人都有关系。 It doesn't concern me at all. 此事与我毫不相干。此事与我毫不相干。 be concerned about关心挂念关心,挂念关心 The company philosophy is to be concerned about both safety and efficiency 公司执行安全与效率兼顾的原则。公司执行安全与效率兼顾的原则。
boost向上推起, 提升,促进, 改善, 激励 The rocket boosts the astronaut into space. 这火箭能把宇航员送入太空。 These changes will help to boost share prices. 这些变化将有助于提高股票价格。 prior优先的; 在前的; 较早的 I have a prior engagement at five. prior to在…之前 The will was made two days prior to his death. 遗嘱是在他死亡前两天立的。
predict预言; 预测; 预示 They predicted great things for the boy. 他们预言这孩子有出息。 I predicted their getting into trouble. 我料到他们会倒霉。 prediction predictor预言者,预报器
aggressive 好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的 The dogs are trained to be aggressive. 这些狗被训练得具有攻击性。 aggress v.攻击,侵犯 strenuous费力的; 须用力应付的 He made strenuous attempts to stop her. 他为阻止她付出了极大的努力。
exert运用, 发挥, 施加 He likes to exert his authority. 他喜欢行使自己的权力。 exert用(力); 尽(力) He never exerts himself to help anyone. 他从未尽力帮助别人。 tremendous极大的, 巨大的 There is a tremendous difference between them.
in response to 对…做出反应 The quick recovery was truly in response to medication. 这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。 pledge 保证; 誓言 The government should fulfil its pledge. 政府应该履行其诺言。 pledge v.保证, 许诺; 发誓 They have pledged that they will always remain faithful to each other.
hinder阻碍; 妨碍 Heavy snow hindered construction work. 大雪阻碍了建筑工程的进展。 Nobody wants to hinder your doing that. 谁也不想阻止你做那件事。 rural农村的 We left the city for a rural home. 我们离开城市, 去农村安家。 urban城市的 Traffic is a major urban problem.
gauge v.估计, 判断 It's difficult to gauge one's character. 要判断一个人的品格是很困难的。 Can you gauge what her reaction is likely to be? 你能揣测她的反应可能是什么吗? gauge n.规格, 尺度 What gauge of wire do you require? 你需要什么规格的电线?