2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(36)
2019年版中石油职称英语新增20课.doc
2019年版中石油职称英语新增20课篇一：20XX新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第11-20课_课文精讲中石油职称英语考试20XX版60篇通用选读学习心得（20篇新课文，考过的大题已标出）目录31PETROLEUMGEOLOGYANDOTHERSCIENCES石油地质学与其它科学.错误！未定义书签。
32.THECALIFORNIAGOLDRUSH加利福尼亚淘金热(20XX新版).错误！未定义书签。
33WHATDOPARENTSOWETHEIRCHILDREN 父母欠子女什么？.错误！未定义书签。
34.SHOULDYOUGOORGANIC?你应该“有机”吗？（N20XX新增）错误！未定义书签。
35YOUBETYOURLIFE以命相赌错误！未定义书签。
36.TOBECONTENTWITHONESLOT乐天知命.错误！未定义书签。
37IDIDNTKNOWHOWTOTEACHUNTILIMETYOU直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学错误！未定义书签。
38RESERVOIRPRODUCTIONMECHANISMS油藏开采机理（20XX 新版）.错误！未定义书签。
39A$210,000W ALLET价值21万美元的钱包.错误！未定义书签。
40FUNDAMENTALTECHNIQUESINHANDLINGPEOPLE处理人际关系的基本技巧错误！未定义书签。
11SmokingandCancer吸烟和癌(1970figures).Thisistheequivalentof4,195cigarettes据估计>51%ofAmericanmensmokeparedwith34%ofAmericanwomen.1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。
这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。
据估计，美国有51％的男性吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为34％。
2.Since1939,scientificstudiestodeterminewhethersmokingis.hasbeenandin dicatesthatthereisthatsmoking,particularlycigarettesmoking,shortenedlife.2、1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(50)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(50)Managing In a Global Environment 在世界环境中实行管理1.Assume for a moment that you're a manager going to work for a branch of a global organization in a foreign country. You know that your environment will differ from the one at home,but how? What should you be looking for?1、此刻假设你是一位美国经理，你准备到一家世界组织的国外分支机构工作.。
你知道你的环境将与国内的不同，但二者的差异会达到什么水准呢?你理应注意些什么?2.Any manager who finds himself or herself in a foreign country faces new challenges. In this section,we'll look at some of those challenges and offer guidelines for responding. Although our discussion is presented through the eyes of a U.S. manager,our analytical framework could be used by any manager who nas to manager in a foreignenvironment,regardless of national origin.2、任何一位发觉自己处于一个陌生国家的管理者都面临着新的挑战。
在这个节中，我们将考察这些挑战，并对如何做出反应提供一些指导。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(44)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(44)Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧1.On the morning of April 15,1865,Abraham Lincoln laydying in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house directlyacross the street from Ford's Theater,where John Wilkes Boothhad shot him. Lincoln's long body lay stretched diagonallyacross a sagging bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur's famous painting The Horse Fairhung above the bed,and a dismal gas jet flickered yellowlight.1、1865年4月15日清晨,亚伯拉罕.林肯奄奄一息地躺在福特戏院对面一家廉价客栈的卧房里。
约翰。
威尔克斯。
布斯枪杀了他。
那张下陷的床对身材修长的林肯来说实在太短了。
床的上方，挂着一件罗莎。
邦赫的名画《马市》的廉价仿制品，一盏阴暗的煤气灯发出惨淡的黄晕。
2.As Lincoln lay dying,Secretary of War Stantonsaid,"There lies the most perfect ruler of men that the worldhas ever seen."2、当林肯奄奄一息地躺着时，陆军部长斯坦顿说：“躺在这里的，是世界上有史以来最完美的元首。
”3.What was the secret of Lincoln's success in dealingwith people? I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for tenyears and devoted all of three years to writing and rewritinga book entitled Lincoln the Unknown. I believe I have made asdetailed and exhaustive a study of Lincoln's personality andhome life as it is possible for any being to make. I made aspecial study of Lincoln's method of dealing with people. Didhe indulge in criticism? Oh,yes. As a young man in the PigeonCreek Valley of Indiana,he not only criticized but he wroteletters and poems ridiculing people and dropped these letterson the country roads where they were sure to be found. One ofthese letters aroused resentments that burned for a lifetime.3、林肯待人方面成功的秘诀是什么?我花了十年的时间研究亚伯拉罕。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(36)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(36)You Bet Your Life 以命相赌1. Life insurance is not really betting although it can be compared to it. You pay the money just in case. In this day and age,we think of insurance as a natural thing. If we scrape a fender or injure ourselves at work,we know thatthere is some sort of payment that we can get through insurance. Of course,we don't get it for nothing; we make payments to the companies. If we don't use the insurance,the companies keep the money.1、生命保险不是真正意义上的赌博，虽然它能与赌博相比较，你花了钱以防意外。
在今天和这个时代，我们认为保险是一件很自然的事。
如果我们划破了皮肤或者在工作中伤着了自己，我们知道通过保险我们能获得某种赔款。
当然，我们不是无功受禄，我们给保险公司付了钱。
我们如果没有使用这项保险，保险公司就赚了这笔钱。
2."Insurance" is the term that we understand today. Some companies are beginning to use the term "assurance”. As a matter of fact,Charles Babbage,over one hundred yearsago,felt that "assurance" was a better term. Apparently few others did,because "insurance" has stayed with us until today.2、“保险”是我们今天能够理解的一个词语。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(32)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(32)The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选)1.They sailed well and the old man soaked his hands inthe salt water and tried to keep his head clear. There were high cumulus clouds and enough cirrus above them so that the old man knew the breeze would last all night. The old man looked at the fish constantly to make sure it was true. Itwas an hour before the first shark hit him.1、他们航行得很好，老人把手浸在盐水里，努力保持头脑清醒。
积云堆聚得很高，上空还有相当多的卷云，所以老人看出这风将刮上整整一夜。
老人时常对鱼望望，好确定真有这么回事。
这时候是第一条鲨鱼袭击他的前一个钟点。
2.The shark was not an accident. He had come up fromdeep down in the water as the dark cloud of blood had settled and dispersed in the mile deep sea. He had come up so fastand absolutely without caution that he broke the surface ofthe blue water and was in the sun. Then he fell back into the sea and picked up the scent and started swimming on thecourse the skiff and the fish had taken.2、这条鲨鱼的出现不是偶然的。
中石油职称英语考试课文详解
中石油职称英语考试课文详解中石油职称英语考试通常包含一篇阅读理解课文，考察考生对文章内容的理解和分析。
为了帮助考生更好地准备考试，本文将对中石油职称英语考试课文进行详细解析。
课文：《The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Oil and Gas Industry》Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely adopted in various industries, including oil and gas. With its advanced algorithms and machine learning capabilities, AI has great potential to revolutionize the way the oil and gas industry operates.Firstly, AI can improve exploration and production processes. By analyzing vast amounts of geological and seismic data, AI algorithms can identify potential drilling locations with higher accuracy. This not only reduces exploration costs but also increases the success rate of finding new oil and gas reserves.Secondly, AI can enhance operational efficiency. In oil and gas production, AI-powered systems can monitor equipment conditions in real-time and predict failures before they occur. By implementing preventive maintenance based on these predictions, companies can minimize downtime and improve overall operational efficiency.Moreover, AI can optimize the refining process. With AI algorithms, refineries can adjust production parameters in real-time to maximize outputand minimize energy consumption. This not only increases productivity but also reduces costs and environmental impact.Additionally, AI can improve safety in the oil and gas industry. By analyzing sensor data and monitoring worker behavior, AI systems can detect potential safety hazards and provide early warnings. This helps prevent accidents and ensures the well-being of employees.Despite the numerous benefits, there are also challenges associated with the adoption of AI in the oil and gas industry. One major challenge is the data quality and availability. AI algorithms rely on high-quality and large-scale data for accurate analysis and predictions. However, acquiring and managing such data can be a complex and costly process.Furthermore, there are concerns about the impact of AI on jobs in the industry. AI-powered systems have the potential to automate various tasks that were previously done by humans. While this can increase efficiency, it may also lead to job displacement and require workers to acquire new skills to adapt to the changing landscape.To address these challenges, companies in the oil and gas industry need to invest in data infrastructure and talent development. They should prioritize collecting and managing high-quality data, as well as training their employees to work effectively with AI systems.In conclusion, artificial intelligence has a significant impact on the oil and gas industry. From exploration and production to refining and safety, AI has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of the industry. However, challenges related to data and workforce need to be addressed for successfulimplementation. Companies should embrace AI and invest in the necessary resources to fully leverage its benefits.。
中石油系统职称英语通用英语选读文章中英文对照版最新版
目录中石油职称英语教材_2013年版1. The Value of Time时间的价值 (3)2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 (4)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的 (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans如何与美国人谈判 (7)5. Network Security网络安全 (9)6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (11)7. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself无人驾驶汽车 (13)8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (15)9．The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (16)10. Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever清洁能源行业投资热潮 (18)11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 (19)12. The Positive Meanings of Love爱的真谛 (21)13. Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 运动有奇效吗？ (24)14.Taking chances, Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (26)15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 (27)16. The American Way: Family美国人的家庭观 (29)17. Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率 (30)18. The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 (32)19. A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油 (34)20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 (36)21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 (38)22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 (40)23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐 (42)24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述 (46)25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知 (48)26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 (50)27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣 (52)28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 (54)29. How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失 (57)30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人” (59)31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 (61)32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) (64)33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学 (66)34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ (68)35. Trends for 21st Century 21世纪的趋势 (70)36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 (73)37. Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 (75)38. To Be Content with One's Lot 乐天知命 (77)39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (80)40. An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 (82)41. The Subject of Smiling 微笑问题 (85)42. A $210,000 WALLET1价值21万美元的钱包 (88)43. What's Your Best Time of Day? 何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ (90)44. Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (94)45. Happiness Index幸福指数 (96)46. Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己 (99)47. Oil（油） (101)48. Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减 (104)49. Cultural Taboos文化禁忌 (106)50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理 (108)51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 (111)52.Sales Promotion 产品促销 (114)53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 (117)54.Why To Mark a Book 怎样在书上做标记 (119)55.Earth's Last Frontier: The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (122)56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲 (125)57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 (128)58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 (132)59.The Audacity of Hope1有希望则无所畏惧 (135)60. Future of Energy能源的未来 (139)1. The Value of Time时间的价值【2013年新增加文章】1. "Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed,it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1．谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(13)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(13)Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?运动有奇效吗?1.Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. A succession of scientific studies of animals suggests that physical activity has a positive effect on mentalftinctioning.翻译：正如运动能强心、健肺、固骨、壮肌，运动也能健脑。
对动物的一系列科学研宄表明，体育活动对智力的发挥有积极作用。
2.“It，s clear that the brain benefits from exercise，" says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity： vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel, andskill-based exercise increases the formation of connectionsin the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists，may make the brain better able to process information.翻译：伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的脑科学家威廉格里诺说，“很明显，运动使大脑受益。
中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列（4）
中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列（4）2017中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(4)导语：下面是小编收集的一篇关于中石油职称英语新版选读文章，供您参考，希望能带给您帮助。
1.The US is an attractive market. Its business culture, which has brought the world "shareholder value" and "IPOs", has been leading commercial thinking in recent years and will continue to do so. But whoever wants to succeed in the US needs to remember the rules of the game.翻译：美国是一个富有吸引力的市场。
它给世界带来的诸如“股东价值”和“首次公开募股”的商业文化近几年来一直引导着商业思想，并且在未来几年内还将保持。
但是无论是谁，想要在美国取得成功，都必须记住游戏的规则。
business is described by the lyrics of the song New York, New York: "If you can make it here, you can make it anywhere!" Yet a euphoric approach to business is by no means enough. Although business communication in the US is pleasant and easygoing, it is at the same time ruthlessly focused.翻译：美国的商业，在《纽约，纽约》这首歌的歌词中是这样描述的：“如果你能在这里取得成功，你就能在别的任何地方取得成功!”但是愉快的做生意的方法是绝对不够的。
中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明：1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。
2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。
3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。
前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。
中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(17)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(17)Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提升生产效率1.According to a recent study, money spent on computing technology delivers gains in worker productivity that are three to five times those of other investments. Howerver, the study also concluded that the information technology industry itself was unlikely to be a big source of new jobs.1、最近的一项研究表明，投入到计算机技术上的资金转化成的劳动生产率是投入到其他领域中获益的三到五倍。
但同时此次研宄还表明，信息产业本身并不可能提供太多的工作。
2.The 69-page report is a wide-ranging look at the role that information technology plays in the economy, based on an assessment of e xisting research and the authors’ analysis. The study was done by a year-old research organization, the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, whose work is supported by companies like I.B.M.,Cisco Systems and eBay, as well as by the Communications Workers of America and foundation grants. It will be available at2、这份长达69页的报告是基于现有的研宄及作者的分析，广泛探讨了信息技术在经济领域发挥的作用。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(47)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(47)Oil 油1. The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. Noone,however,seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil could be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engine was invented,oil became of worldwide importance.1、油井的存有由来已久。
北美的一些印第安人过去常常去宾夕法尼亚的油井采集油来出售。
一直以来，没有人理解到这种油的重要性，后来人们发现它可提炼出煤油来，情况才为之一变。
自此油井遂蓬勃发展，巨额利润也由此产生。
当内燃机发明后，石油更具有世界性重要意义。
2. What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal,but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past,and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud; and by processes of chemistry,pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For there creatures to become oil,it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at amap showing the chief oilfield of the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks,rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells,and other proofs of sea life,are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale,which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.2、现在驱动汽车和飞机的油的起源是什么?科学家对煤的形成一清二楚，不过论及石油时，它们就不那么有把握了。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(37)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(37)Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康1.Radioactivity occurs naturally. The main sources arein space, rocks, soil, water and even the human body itself. This is called background radiation and levels vary fromplace to place, though the average dose is fairly constant. The radiation which is of most concern is artificialradiation which results from human activities. Sources ofthis include the medical use of radioactive materials,fallout and contamination from nuclear industry, and the storage and dumping of radioactive waste.1、辐射在自然界中普遍存有。
主要的辐射源存有于空间、岩石、土壤、水、甚至是人体之中。
这叫做背景辐射。
辐射强度会因地点而异，但平均辐射量实则大致相同。
最令人担忧的是人类活动造成的人工辐射。
辐射源包括医用放射性材料、核工业的放射性沉降物和污染物，以及辐射废弃物的积存和倾倒。
2.While artificial radiation accounts for a small proportion of the total, its effects can be disproportionate. Some of the radioactive materials discharged by humanactivities are not found in nature, such as plutonium, while others which are found naturally may be discharged indifferent physical and chemical forms, allowing them tospread more readily into the food-chain.2、虽然人工辐射只占辐射总量的一小部分，其后果却很严重。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(46)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(46)Becoming Wealthy：It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己1.Critics often speak of “the rich”with none-too-subtle disdain,as if those at the very top of the income ladder areall dishonest people or as if becoming rich is difficult and means others must become poorer. While we would be the firstto admit that some rich people are dishonest,we must add that achieving the status of “the rich”(defined,say,by having a net worth of $1,000,000) is not particularlydifficult,contrary to popular wisdom. The rules for acquiring substantial wealth are few,simple. This fact suggests that becoming rich for most Americans is a matter of choice.1、评论家们一说起富人往往带有明显的蔑视。
就好象收入高的层次的人们都是狡诈之人，或者意味着成为富有阶层不容易而且其他人(诚实之人)一定不如他们富有。
首先我们承认有些富人不诚实，但我们必须补充一点：与普遍的理解相反，达到富人阶层(它的概念应该是净收入一百万美元)并不是特别难。
获取可观财富的规则只有几条，而且简单。
这就意味着对于绝大部分美国人来说想不想变富是一个选择的问题。
最新-2019版中石油职称英语新增20课001 精品
2019版中石油职称英语新增20课篇一：2019新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》第11-20课_课文精讲中石油职称英语考试2019版60篇通用选读学习心得（20篇新课文，考过的大题已标出）目录31石油地质学与其它科学错误！未定义书签。
32加利福尼亚淘金热(2019新版)错误！未定义书签。
33父母欠子女什么？错误！未定义书签。
34?你应该“有机”吗？（2019新增）错误！未定义书签。
35以命相赌错误！未定义书签。
36'乐天知命错误！未定义书签。
37'直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学错误！未定义书签。
38油藏开采机理（2019新版）错误！未定义书签。
39$210,000价值21万美元的钱包错误！未定义书签。
40处理人际关系的基本技巧错误！未定义书签。
11吸烟和癌(1970)4,195据估计>51%34%1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。
这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。
据估计，美国有51％的男性吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为34％。
21939,,,2、1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。
证据所显示的趋势是一贯的，并表明对人体的健康有严重的危险。
许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。
3-(),"'-'!"3、这方面的研究人员大都相信吸卷烟是产生肺癌、喉癌的重要因素，还认为膀胱癌、口腔癌也与此有关。
男性吸烟者的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的高。
(他们认为女性吸烟者受影响小一些，因为她们吸烟不那么深。
)大多数医生和研究人员认为，上述那些关系已得到令人满意的证实，并且告诫说：“戒烟吧，如果你不会抽-那可不要学!”4--,,,,巧>,,,,4、有些精通业务的医生和研究人员-虽然这些人不多，并且人数在进一步减少-不那么肯定吸卷烟对人体健康有影响。
他们认为呼吸系统疾病和各种癌症的增多也许可以说是由于人类复杂环境中另外一些因素，即：空气的污染、人们精神压力的增大、经过加工的食品中的化学物质、或化学杀虫药引起的。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(18)
2019 年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(18)国际贸易原理The Principles of International Trade1.International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. There are several reasons why international trade exists.1、国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。
这样做的原因是多方面的。
2. The distribution of natural resources around the world is somewhat haphazard ：some nations possess natural deposits in excess of their own requirements while other nations have none. For example, Britain has large reserves of coal but lacks many minerals such as nickel, copper, aluminum, etc. ，whereas the Arab states have vast oil deposits but little else. In the cultivation of natural products climate plays a decisive role. Some products will only grow in tropical climates whereas others, such as citrus fruits ，require aMediterranean climate. Moreover, some nations are unable to produce sufficient quantities of a particular product to satisfy a large home demand. For example, Britain does not produce enough wheat to meet the needs of its population. These are the reasons why international trade first began.2、世界自然资源的分布是带有随意性的。
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(38)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(38)To Be Content with One's Lot乐天知命1.Peter Hessler described two lifestyles and asked his Chinese students to choose the one they preferred, either a very long yet ultimately average and uneventful life, or avery exciting, fan-filled life that only lasted 24 years. Almost all of his 20 something year old students chose thefirst option. This surprised Peter because, from his experience with American youths, he was sure the Americans wouldn't have chosen a long, uneventful life.1、彼得赫斯勒请他的中国学生在以下两种生活方式中选择其一：一种是平庸却长寿，另一种是只能活24年却享乐无比。
那些20岁左右的学生们几乎都选择了第一种生活。
彼得十分惊讶，在他看来美国青年并不会如此一致地选择平庸但长寿的生活。
2.The Chinese traditionally think an uneventful, butlong life is better than a short life fall of fan and adventure. There's even an idiom for the traditional Chinese attitude, "A good death is worse than a lazy life." Thissaying reveals a deeply ingrained sense of optimism and acceptance of fate. It's nothing at all like the Western idea of heroes made through tragedy.2、无聊无趣但天长地久地活下去，好过冒生命之险求得享乐的短命，这似乎是中国传统的价值观。
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2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(36)
You Bet Your Life 以命相赌
1. Life insurance is not really betting although it can be compared to it. You pay the money just in case. In this day and age,we think of insurance as a natural thing. If we scrape a fender or injure ourselves at work,we know that
there is some sort of payment that we can get through insurance. Of course,we don't get it for nothing; we make payments to the companies. If we don't use the insurance,the companies keep the money.
1、生命保险不是真正意义上的赌博，虽然它能与赌博相比较，
你花了钱以防意外。
在今天和这个时代，我们认为保险是一件很自然
的事。
如果我们划破了皮肤或者在工作中伤着了自己，我们知道通过
保险我们能获得某种赔款。
当然，我们不是无功受禄，我们给保险公
司付了钱。
我们如果没有使用这项保险，保险公司就赚了这笔钱。
2."Insurance" is the term that we understand today. Some companies are beginning to use the term "assurance”. As a matter of fact,Charles Babbage,over one hundred years
ago,felt that "assurance" was a better term. Apparently few others did,because "insurance" has stayed with us until today.
2、“保险”是我们今天能够理解的一个词语。
某些公司现在开
始用“保证”这样的词语。
事实上，早在一百余年前，查尔斯先生就
认为“保证”是一个更恰当的词语。
显然很少有别的人这样认为，因
为“保险”这个词已经伴随我们至今。
3. How old is insurance? Two hundred years? A thousand? Or is it as old as man? I suppose that would depend upon what you mean. We might say that "insurance" was with us while man
was just beginning to develop civilization. One family or
tribe might feel that they would be helped if they helped to protect another family or tribe. In this way,both groups got what they needed-protection from enemies. Of course,you and I don't need that kind of protection today.
3、那么“保险”到底有多久的历史?两百年?一千年?或者和人类
历史一样长远?我认为问题将取决于你的问题的本意到底是什么。
我们
能够说，在人类开始发展自己的文明时，“保险”就与人类在一起了。
一个家庭或者部落去协助了另外一些家族或部落不受侵袭，他们认为
自己也会得到协助。
这样，两个集体都得到了他们所需要的东西：防
御敌人。
当然，今天你我都不再需要这种保护。
4. This system of trading services with each other has been with us for quite a while. The idea of an old age
pension is certainly older than you might think. Today you think of social security or some other system. Most people
who retire are still able to receive money that they have
paid into the system during their working days. The idea of a reward for services like this is quite an old one. The
trouble was that the reward was not always given to
everyone,nor was it given to those who deserved it most.
4、这个互相交易服务体系已经伴随我们相当一段时间了。
关于
老年退休金理念的产生比你想象的要早得多。
今天，你想到社会保障
系统或其它别的社会系统。
绝大部分人退休后仍然能够拿到钱，这些
钱是他们工作期间支付给社会保障系统的。
这种给服务以回报的理念
是很古老的。
问题在于：报酬不是任何时候给每一个人，甚至不是给
本身最应该得到这个报酬的人。
5. What happened when man began to move into the cities from the farms? He found that he could no longer support himself by growing his own food. His children and relatives
might move away to another city,and there might be no way of earning enough money. Perhaps because of this,the idea of social security and insurance developed. Now insurance companies are near the top of the list of the biggest business in the United States.
5、当一个人从农村移居城市时会发生什么事?他发现，他用自己生产的食品养活自己的日子一去不复返。
他的孩子和亲属可能搬往其它城市，但是那里可能没有办法赚到充足的钱。
也许恰恰因为这些，社会安全和保险的思想发展了。
如今，在美国，保险公司的名字正名列企业名单的榜首。
6. Some of the first commercial insurance companies began around 1580 in England. These companies were some of the first to accept payment for insurance. Fire insurance became more popular after the fire in London in 1666.This was one of the most terrible fires in history. It lasted for five days. London had to be rebuilt almost completely. No wonder that many people decided to try fire insurance after that.
6、1580年左右，英国第一批商业保险公司开始营业。
这几家是最早接受为保险付费的公司中的一部分。
1666年伦敦大火之后，火灾险变得普及。
伦敦大火是历最严重的火灾之一，它持续了五天。
伦敦几乎需要全部重建。
难怪很多人在其后决定试买火灾险。
7. We think today's insurance companies are large,but there was also a pretty big company about two hundred years ago in England. The company still does business. The name of the company is Lloyd's of London. It carried more than ￡600,000 of insurance between 1793&1815.The England pound was then worth many times what it is worth today; so you can see how big Lloyd's was then. Of course,it didn't make money all the time. For example,around 1975 the company paid a。