高考英语定语从句专项讲解

高考英语定语从句专项讲解一、考点分析在上海高考英语中，定语从句的考点主要体现在语法填空、阅读、翻译和作文等题型里。

二、专题详解I、概念1、先行词：被从句所修饰的或，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，先行词不仅仅是一个词还有可能是。

Keys:定语、名词、代词、一整个句子。

2、关系代词3、关系副词4、介词+which/whom它们的常见结构有：(1) 介词+which/whomThis is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.(2) 名词+of+ which/whomPlease pass me the book the cover of which is blue.(3) 数词+of+ which/whomShe’s got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.(4) 代词+of +which/whomIn the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.(5) 最高级+of + which/whomChina has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.介词的选择根据介词与定语从句中动词的搭配关系；根据介词与前面的名词先行词的搭配关系；同时考虑与动词和名词的搭配关系。

还有关系副词的改写。

5、非限制性定语从句形式上与主句被隔开，关系上是对主句内容 ,限制性的关系词除和外，其他都能应用于非限制定语从句中，特殊的是，which和as的先行词不仅能是一个词或一个短语，还有可能是。

Keys:逗号、补充说明、that、why、一整个句子。

II、定语从句中的特殊情况。

1、只用that不用which的情况。

(1) 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something也可用which), few, little, all, none, the one, some, much, any等不定代词时，或者是由all，every，each，few，little，much，no，some，any等修饰时用that：1) Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.2) You can take any seat that is free.注意：当先行词为all指人或anyone，everyone，No one，anybody，everybody，somebody 时用who(2) 当先行词是序数词或是被序数词修饰，包括the last, the next：1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.2) When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing.(3) 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时1) This is the best film that I have seen.2) The best that I could do was to apologize.(4) 当先行词被the very，the only，the just，the same，one of等修饰时1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.2) The only thing that we could do was to wait.3) This is the same book that I’m looking for.注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as, 但是意义不同。

(5) 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。

1) Who is the man that is standing there?2) Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？(6) 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时，或先行词是集体名词时。

1) Can you remember the scientist and his story that we have learned?2) They are talking of the heroes that interest them.(7) 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时，不管先行词是人还是物一律用that。

1) Mary is not the girl that she used to be.2) That’s a good book that will help you a lot.3) Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.2、as(1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思:As is known to all; as has been said before; as is often the case; as often happens, as has been pointed out1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(2) 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.2) He is not such a fool as he looks.3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

3、抽象名词在定语从句中作抽象地点和抽象时间状语。

一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析。

这些词基本上都是表示时间、地点的词，做具体题目时，要判断他们在定语从句充当的成分来决定关联词。

主语、宾语和表语用that/which，状语用where/when/介词+which。

如：（1）抽象名词pointYou reach a point where medicine can’t he lp. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。

The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。

注：有时point也可以是具体的地点：Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

（2）抽象名词caseThere are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。

Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of En glish fail to use the language properly.今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

（3）抽象名词activityThose successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

（4）抽象名词situationHe got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。

（5）抽象名词positionIt’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。

（6）抽象名词jobShe wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。

I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day.我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。

（7）抽象名词periodWe went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.（8）抽象名词occasionOccasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.4、特殊先行词way、timeway的用法（1）the way后面的定语从句缺少the way这样的主语，则关系代词可以使用which或that。