中医术语:阴中之阳

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中医术语英译

中医术语英译

CHAPTER 1肝阳liver yang肝气liver qi肝开窍于眼liver open at the eyes肺开窍于鼻lung open at the nose心开窍于舌heart open at the tongue上亢ascendant hyperactivity肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang阳盛yang exuberance阴盛yin exuberance阳衰yang debilitation阴衰yin debilitation传统医学traditional medicine中医traditional Chinese medicine中西医结合integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine 阴阳学说yin-yang theory五行学说five-phase theory中医基础理论basic theory of TCM中医诊断学traditional Chinese diagnostics方剂学formula study经方classified formula合方combined formula改方modified formula经络学说meridian and collateral (study) 经脉meridian vessel穴位acupuncture points头皮针scalp acupuncture耳针auricular acupuncture中药学traditional Chinese pharmacy中医养生traditional Chinese life nurturing 中医康复traditional Chinese rehabilitation 中医护理traditional Chinese nursing整体观念holism五脏five viscera六腑six bowelsCHAPTER 2精气学说essential qi theory肾精kidney essence清气clear qi清阳clear yang清热clear heat阳虚yang deficiency虚火deficiency fire血逆blood counterflow气逆qi counterflow过虑伤肺excessive anxiety damage the lung 气闭qi block热闭heat block阳脱证yang collapse pattern津脱fluid collapse补阳tonify yang补气tonify qi补血tonify blood苍天之气heaven qi气机qi dynamic陈腐之气stale qi气陷qi fall正气healthy qi气滞qi stagnation阳证yang pattern胃热证stomach heat pattern证型pattern type阴中之阴yin within yin阳中之阴yin within yang阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang治本treat the root阴阳消长waxing and wanting of yin and yang月有阴晴圆缺the waxing and wanting of the moon 阴阳调和harmony of yin and yang气血不调disharmony of qi and blood调和气血harmonize the qi and the blood和胃harmonize stomach和法harmonizing method阳盛阴虚yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity表实exterior excess实寒excess cold虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex表证exterior pattern表虚exterior deficiency里虚interior deficiency里实interior excess表里关系exterior-interior relation阴阳转化yin-yang conversion由实转虚conversion of excess into deficiency阴阳格拒yin and yang repulsion冷热格拒cold and heat repulsion阳邪yang pathogen阴邪yin pathogen五行five phases木行wood phase土生金earth engenders metal木生火wood engenders fire土克水earth restrains water木克土wood restrains earth木乘土wood overwhelms earth水乘火water overwhelms fire水侮土water rebels earth木侮金wood rebels metal金侮火metal rebels fire母子相及mother and child inter-affectingMother and child affecting each other CHAPTER 3先天之气innate qi先天之精innate essence后天之气acquired qi后天之精acquired essence肝肾同源homogeny of liver and kidney精血同源homogeny of essence and blood命门之火life gate fire气门qi gate君火sovereign fire / heart fire相火ministerial fire正气healthy qi宗气ancestral qi元气source qi原穴source point卫分defence aspect卫气defence qi运化transportation and transformation气化qi transformation气机失调qi dynamic disorder气机瘀滞qi dynamic stagnation寒凝气滞qi stagnation due to cold congealing 寒滞肝脉cold stagnating in the liver vessel 肝气上逆liver qi ascending counterflow胃气上逆stomach qi ascending counterflow 肝气横逆transverse invasion of liver qi真气genuine qi营气nutrient qi下气海lower sea of qi气化作用transformation function心血heart blood血瘀blood stasis气郁qi stagnation活血化瘀activate blood and resolve stasis营卫nutrient and defense营分nutrient aspect水谷精华the essence of water and food水谷代谢water-food metabolism津液fluid and humor津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern气液代谢qi-humor metabolism中气下陷sunken middle qi升举中气upraise middle qi心神heart spirit神昏spirit failing to keep to its abode三焦triple energizers脾气散精the spleen qi disperses essence肺主通调水道the lungs regulate the waterways 肾主水the kidneys dominate water肝主疏泄the liver dominates free coursing三焦主诸气the triple energizers dominate all qi肾主二便the kidneys dominate urination and defecation肺主宣发,主排汗和呼吸the lung govern sweat discharge and respiration魂ethereal soul精神essence-spirit意ideation魄corporeal soul志will气血失调disharmony of qi and blood阴阳失调disharmony of yin and yang气血两虚dual deficiency of qi and blood气阴两虚dual deficiency of qi and yin气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin气不摄血qi deficiency failing to control blood脾不统血spleen failing to control blood气不化津qi failing to transform fluidCHAPTER 4五脏five viscera中脏viscera stroke藏象viscera manifestation脉象pulse manifestation脏腑viscera and bowel六腑six bowels奇点extra point奇恒之腑extraordinary organs上焦upper energizers中焦middle energizers三焦tripple energizers心包经pericardium channel热入心包heat enters pericardium胆经gallbladder channel胆实热gallbladder excess heat小肠虚寒deficient cold of small intestine心热传入小肠transmission of heart heat to the small intestine 大肠虚寒deficient cold of large intestine热迫大肠heat distressing the large intestine膀胱气化bladder qi transformation膀胱湿热dampness heat of the bladder冷凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus热入血室heat entering the blood chamberBlood chamber is another name of uterus肝气犯胃liver qi invading the stomach风热袭肺wind-heat invading the lung火旺effulgent fire阴虚火旺yin deficiency with effulgent fire肺气失于宣发lung qi failing to diffuse肾精不足kidney essence insufficiency虚火上炎deficient fire flaming upward心火上炎heart fire flaming upward髓海sea of marrow血海sea of blood心胃火燔heart-stomach fire ablaze肝气郁滞liver qi depression化火transform into fire藏血store blood主疏泄govern free coursing少阳之气lesser yang qi心藏神heart houses spirit脾藏意spleen houses ideation热伤神明heat damaging bright spirit直中direct strike风中经络wind striking meridian and collateral 风中血脉wind striking blood vessels清热clear heat燥干清窍dryness affecting the clear orifices升清upbearing the clear泌别清浊separation of the clear and turbid湿浊dampness turbidity降浊downbear turbid降火downbear fire骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever肾主骨kidney govern the bone淤阻脑络证pattern of (blood) stasis obstructing the brain collateral 髓海sea of marrow髓通于脑marrow connects to the brain经脉collateral vessel血脉blood vessel二七天癸至heavenly tenth arrives at the age of 2 times 7七七天癸竭heavenly tenth fades away at the age of 7 times 7月经menstruation母乳喂养breastfeedingCHAPTER 5外因external cause内因internal cause不内外因cause neither internal nor external外邪external pathogen阴邪yin pathogen外感external contraction新感new contraction外感风寒external contraction of wind-cold外感六淫six-excess external contraction六淫入血分six excesses entering the blood aspect 暑湿summerheat dampness中暑summerheat stroke湿浊dampness turbidity下焦湿热lower energizer dampness-heat凉燥cool-dryness津枯血燥desiccation of liquid and blood dryness 温邪warm pathogen温下法warm purgation温毒pestilential pathogen瘟疫论treatise on pestilence婴儿惊厥(惊风)infantile convulsion刚痉febrile convulsion with chills暑邪summerheat肝风内动internal stirring of liver wind目上斜视upward squint of the eyes疮疡sores and ulcers内伤internal damage伤阳damage to yang伤津damage to fluid七情seven emotions情志不遂emotional upset喜极伤心excessive joy damaging the heart怒极伤肝excessive anger damaging the liver忧极伤肺excessive anxiety damaging the lung思极伤脾excessive thought damaging the spleen悲极伤肺excessive sorrow damaging the lung恐极伤肾excessive fear damaging the kidney惊极伤心excessive fright damaging the heart劳倦overexertion and fatigue寒厥cold syncope脏厥visceral syncope(内脏阳气衰微所致的肢厥,a syncope due to yang debilitation of internal organs)怒则气上anger causes qi to ascend喜则气缓joy causes qi to slacken悲则气消sorrow causes qi to disperse恐则气下fear causes qi to descend惊则气乱fright causes derangement of qi思则气结thought causes qi to bind忧则气郁anxiety causes qi to be depressed目赤bloodshot eyes五味偏嗜flavor predilection饮食偏嗜dietary predilection创伤学traumatology外伤traumatic injury房劳sexual overindulgence劳复taxation relapse女劳sexual taxation风痰wind-phlegm寒痰cold-phlegm痰饮phlegm-retained fluid痰湿phlegm-dampness水湿water-dampness淤血犯头static blood invading head 痿病wilting disease骨痿bone wilting筋痿sinew wilting绞痛colic pain寒疝cold abdominal colic淤痰blood stasis-phlegm浓痰purulent phlegm CHAPTER 6四诊four diagnostic examinations精神状态mental state面部表情facial expression面色complexion望小儿指纹vein of the infant's fingers 舌象tongue manifestation藏象visceral manifestation人体human body舌体tongue body舌形form of the tongue制剂形式preparation form舌态motility of the tongue口眼歪斜deviated of the tongue歪舌deviated tongue落枕stiff neck强硬舌stiff tongue震颤法trembling method颤动舌trembling tongue舌根root of the tongue舌尖tip of the tongue舌边margins of the tongue淡红舌pale red tongue淡白舌pale tongue红舌red tongue绛舌crimson tongue青舌blue tongue紫舌purple tongue青紫舌bluish purple tongue嫩舌tender-soft tongue胖大舌enlarged tongue肿胀舌swollen tongue瘦薄舌thin tongue点刺舌spotted tongue芒刺舌pricky tongue齿痕舌teeth-marked tongue裂纹舌fissured tongue痿软舌limp wilting tongue麻痹舌paralyzed tongue吐弄舌protruded agitated tongue 短缩舌contracted tongue地图舌geographical tongue舌苔tongue fur腻苔slimy fur滑苔slippery fur苔色fur color舌色tongue color中剥苔centre peeling fur根剥苔root peeling fur苔质texture of fur润苔moist fur燥苔dry fur燥裂苔dry and cracked fur前剥苔anterior peeling fur镜面舌mirror tongue类剥苔exfoliated fur淡红色薄白苔red tongue with thin white fur红舌薄黄干苔red tongue with thin, yellow and dry fur 命关life bar舌诊tongue diagnosis望舌inspection of the tongueCHAPTER 7口气mouth odor汗味sweat odor倒经inverted menstruation白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge恶露不下retention of the lochia恶露不绝persistent flow of lochia口臭fetid mouth odor halitosis把脉take pulse病脉morbid pulse三部九侯three positions and nine indicators 布指寸口脉wrist pulse寸口诊法wrist pulse-taking method人迎脉carotid pulse趺阳脉anterior tibial pulse寸,关,尺cun/inch, guan/bar and chi/cubit 诊尺肤cubit skin examination指法finger technique叩击法tapping technique举,按,寻lifting, pressing and searching 推寻pulse searching平脉tranquil pulse燥脉agitated pulse按诊body palpation按腧穴acupuncture point palpation病色morbid complexion病脉morbid pulse浮脉floating pulse孤阳上越deficiency yang floating upward 沉脉sunken pulse脾气下陷sunken spleen qi中气下陷sunken middle qi单按pressing with one finger总按simultaneous palpation浮脉floating pulse沉脉sunken pulse迟脉slow pulse数脉rapid pulse虚脉vacuous pulse实脉replete pulse洪脉surging pulse细脉fine pulse滑脉slippery pulse涩脉rough pulse弦脉string-like pulse结脉bound pulse相兼脉combined pulse芤脉hollow pulse散脉dissipated pulse革脉drumskin pulse伏脉hidden pulse牢脉firm pulse阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern 缓脉moderate pulse缓脉(不正常)relaxed pulse疾脉racing pulse大脉large pulse长脉long pulse濡脉soggy pulse弱脉weak pulse短脉short pulse微脉faint pulse动脉stirred pulse紧脉tight pulse代脉intermittent pulse促脉skipping pulse驱寒dissipate cold散瘀dissipate stasis风动stirring wing阴虚动风yin deficiency with stirring windCHAPTER 8问寒热inquiry about cold and heat问汗inquiry about sweating问痛inquiry about pain恶寒aversion to cold恶热aversion to heat发热恶寒aversion to cold with fever畏is usually translated as fear, as in "fear of cold" 畏寒但热不寒fever without chills但寒不热chills without fever潮热tidal fever午间潮热afternoon tidal fever日晡潮热late afternoon tidal fever骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever湿温潮热dampness-warm tidal fever阴虚潮热yin deficiency tidal fever微热mild fever微恶寒mild aversion to cold微寒mild chill微渴mild thirst身热不扬unsurfaced fever五心烦热vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles / five center heat手足烦热vexing heat in the extremities 手足厥冷reversal cold of the extremities 厥阴reverting yin寒热往来alternating chills and fever盗汗night sweating虚热deficiency heat少阳病lesser yang disease疟疾malaria头重脚轻heavy head and light feet身重heavy body重痛heavy pain目眩dizzy vision视力模糊blurred vision复视doubled vision灼痛scorching pain绞痛gripping pain掣痛pulling pain隐痛dull pain窜痛scurrying pain闷痛oppressive pain酸痛aching pain游走性疼痛wandering pain阵发性痛paroxysmal pain阵发性咳嗽paroxysmal cough持续性痛persistent pain汗不止persistent sweating项背拘急contracture of the nape and neck 四肢拘急contracture of the limbs肌肉痉挛muscle spasm淋病strangury disease血淋blood strangury热淋heat strangury胀痛distending pain刺痛stabbing pain冷痛cold pain空痛empty pain固定痛fixed pain胁痛hypochondriac四肢痛limb pain周身痛generalized pain完谷不化undigested food in the stool消化不良腹泻undigested food diarrhea 五更泻fifth-watch diarrhea五更咳fifth-watch cough溏泄sloppy diarrhea便溏sloppy stool大便硬结hard bound stool结脉bound pulse余尿不尽incomplete urination小便涩痛difficult painful urination大便失禁fecal incontinence小便失禁urinary incontinence尿浊turbid urine分泌清浊separation of the clear and turbid 语声重浊deep turbid voice小便淋沥dribbling urination癃闭dribbling urinary block遗精seminal emission梦遗dream emission白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge下消lower wasting-thirst里急后重tenesmus尿频frequent urination膀胱失约bladder retention failure遗尿enuresis阳痿impotence勃起erection滑精spermatorrhea早泄pre-mature ejaculation月经先期advanced menstruation月经period月经后期delayed menstruation月经先后无定期menstruation at irregular intervals 经期延长prolonged menstruation月经过多profuse menstruation月经过少scanty menstruation崩漏flooding and spotting闭经amenorrhea初潮menarche痛经dysmenorrhea赤白带下white and yellow vaginal discharge胸闷oppression in the chestCHAPTER 9半表半里证pattern of half-exterior half-interior表里辩证exterior-interior pattern identification表虚证exterior deficiency pattern表寒证exterior cold pattern风湿袭表证pattern of wind-dampness assailing the exterior 风寒袭喉证pattern of wind-cold assailing the throat风寒袭肺证pattern of wind-cold assailing the lung风寒束表wind-cold fettering the exterior风寒束肺证pattern of wind-cold fettering the lung卫表不固证defense-exterior insecurity pattern表里俱寒证pattern of dual exterior and interior cold肝胆俱实证pattern of dual excess of liver and gallbladder 气阴两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of qi and yin八纲辨证eight-principle pattern identification表寒里热证pattern of exterior cold and interior heat寒热错杂证cold-heat complex pattern虚实夹杂证deficiency-excess complex pattern上寒下热证upper cold and lower heat pattern上热下寒证upper heat and lower cold pattern上焦upper energizer上消upper waste-thirst热及生风证pattern of extreme heat engendering wind阴极似阳extreme yin resembling yang阳极似阴extreme yang resembling yin上盛下虚证upper exuberance and lower deficiency pattern 下焦lower energizer真虚假实证true deficiency with false excess pattern真实假虚证true excess with false deficiency pattern真寒假热证true cold with false heat pattern辩症syndrome differentiation阳虚痰凝yang deficiency with congealing phlegm寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus伤阳证yang damage pattern伤阴证yin damage pattern阴阳两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of yin and yang心脾两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen阴虚内热证pattern of yin deficiency of yin with internal heat 阴虚火旺证pattern of yin deficiency with effulgent fire阴盛阳衰证pattern of yin exuberance with yang debilitation 阳虚寒凝证pattern of yang deficiency with congealing cold 阴盛格阳证pattern of exuberant yin repelling yang阳盛格阴证pattern of exuberant yang repelling yin清阳不升证pattern of clear yang failing to ascend肾不纳气证pattern of kidney failing to receive qi脾不统血证pattern of spleen failing to manage blood八纲eight principles治疗原则therapeutic principle八纲治法eight principle therapeutic methods合证combined pattern合方combined formulaCHAPTER 10气陷证qi sinking pattern寒湿证cold-dampness pattern气机失调证qi dynamic disorder pattern气机郁滞证stagnant qi dynamic pattern湿热下注证pattern of dampness-heat pouring down寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis寒湿内阻证pattern of internal obstruction of cold-dampness 气虚湿阻证pattern of qi deficiency with dampness obstruction 气机不利证inhibited qi dynamic pattern气虚水停证pattern of qi deficiency with water retention气虚不摄证pattern of qi deficiency with failure to constrain 气虚外感证pattern of qi deficiency with external contraction 蓄血证blood amassment pattern气血失调证qi-blood disharmony pattern气不摄血证pattern of qi failing to control the blood血虚挟淤证pattern of blood deficiency complicated by stasis 血虚寒凝证pattern of blood deficiency and congealing cold血虚风燥证pattern of blood deficiency and wind-dryness津气亏虚证fluid-qi deficiency pattern气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention饮停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium 风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water水停证water retention pattern疫毒下注证pattern of pestilential toxin pouring downward火毒内陷证pattern of inward invasion of fire toxin表邪内陷证pattern of inward invasion of external evil表寒证exterior cold pattern表热证exterior heat pattern表虚exterior deficiency里实证interior excess pattern里寒interior cold里热interior heat外湿external dampness外风external wind外燥external dryness内风internal wind内燥internal dryness内湿internal dampness燥干清窍证pattern of dryness affecting the clear orifices气郁证qi depression pattern气郁化火证pattern of depressed qi transforming into fire 中气下陷证sunken middle qi脾气下陷sunken spleen qi直肠下陷prolapse of the rectum子宫下陷prolapse of uterus表气不固insecurity of exterior qi肾气不固insecurity of kidney qi蓄血blood amassment太阳蓄血证greater yang blood amassment pattern热入血室heat entering blood chamber寒入血室证pattern of cold entering blood chamber气虚血瘀证pattern of qi deficiency with blood stasis心血淤阻证heart blood stasis pattern寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis 气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin生津engender fluid胃津stomach fluid津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern增液润肠increase humor and moisten the intestines风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water阴虚水停证pattern of yin deficiency with water retention气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention太阳蓄水证greater yang water retention pattern胸胁胀痛fullness in the chest and hypochondrium水停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium。

中医基础理论试卷(答案)

中医基础理论试卷(答案)

中医基础理论模拟试题 二一、 型题 每小题 分,共 分.下列哪一脏与血液生成关系最密切:.心 .肺 .脾 .肝 .肾.气机的含义为:.气的运动 .气的运动形式 .气的运动变化 .气的升降运动 .气的出入运动.主腐熟水谷的脏腑是:.小肠 .胃 .大肠 .脾 .胆.月经的来潮与以下哪一组脏腑、经脉关系密切:.心、肝、脾、冲脉、督脉 .心、肺、肾、阳明脉、带脉 .心、肾、冲脉、任脉、督脉 冲脉、任脉、带脉、心、脾 .心、肝、脾、肾、冲脉、任脉.下列不属于奇恒之腑的是:脑 .髓 .脉 .胆 .命门.误治是指下列中哪一项:.体实者用攻法 .实证用攻 .虚证用补 .虚证用攻 :体弱者用补法.下列中哪一项不属于饮食不洁:.不清洁食物 .不卫生食物 .陈腐变质食物 .有毒食物 .偏嗜某种食物.气在中医学中的基本概念是:泛指机体的生理功能 .构成世界的基本物质 .构成人体的基本物质 .维持人体生命活动的基本物质 .构成人体和维持人体生命活动的最基本物质.“为胃行其津液”的脏是:.肺 .脾 .肾 .三焦 .肝.《内经》所说:“大怒则形气绝,而血菀于上,使人薄厥”的病机,是指:气不摄血 .气机逆乱 .血随气脱 .血随气逆 .血随气结二、 型题 每小题 分,共 分.五脏发生病变时,按相生关系传变可出现哪两种传变: .母病及子 .侮其所不胜 .克其所胜 .子病及母 .乘其所胜.以下哪两个脏腑有表里关系:.脾 .大肠 .小肠 .胃 .肝.下列哪两项既属“五体”,又属奇恒之腑:脉 .胆 .脑 .骨 .髓.分别循行于躯干前后正中线的是下列中哪两项:.冲脉 .任脉 .带脉 .督脉 .肾经.十二经脉分布于上肢内、外侧中线的两条经脉是下列中哪两项:手太阳 .手少阴 .手少阳 .手太阴 .手厥阴.下列病因和病邪性质、致病特点中,哪两项是相对应的: 寒邪 .湿邪 .其性数变 .其性凝滞 .易致疮疡.用气与津液的关系来说明临床病理变化,下列各项中,哪两项相互有关:气能生津 .气能行津 .津能载气 .气虚导致白汗,多尿等 .汗、吐、下太过,导致气脱.哪两种情志因素最易影响心:.惊 .喜 .怒 .悲 .恐.以下哪些属于大肠的生理功能:分清别浊 .吸收水谷精微 .形成粪便 .进一步消化饮食物 .排泄糟粕.阴盛格阳,其病证的寒热本质是:假热象 .实寒证 .很重的虚寒证 .寒热错杂证 .真热假寒证三、 型题 每小题 分,共 分.下列声息中哪几项属阳:语声高亢 .呼吸微弱 .语音低怯 .呼吸气粗 .呼吸有力下列哪几项是血液的生理功能:.濡养全身脏腑组织 .滋润全身脏腑组织 .神志活动的物质基础 .推动全身脏腑功能活动 .促进人体生长发育.以下哪几项是奇恒之腑的共同特点:.藏而不泻 .都不勺脏相为表里 .不与水谷直接接触 .都没有五行配属 .实而不满.情志内伤的病变可见:.化火 .湿郁 .痰郁 .食郁 .血瘀气逆最常见于下列哪些肌腑:肝 胃 .脾 .肺 .心四、填空题 每空 . 分,共 分.五行是指木、火、土、金、水五种 物质 及其 运动变化。

中医执业助理医师资格考试精选试题(含答案解析)

中医执业助理医师资格考试精选试题(含答案解析)

中医执业助理医师资格考试精选试题(含答案解析)A1型选择题(每一道考题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案,请从中选择一个最佳答案共50道题。

1、属于阴的五味是()A:酸、苦、咸B:辛、苦、咸C:辛、甘、淡D:甘、淡、涩E:甘、苦、淡正确答案:A解析:阴—酸、苦、咸;阳—辛、甘、淡。

2、下列哪项是防治疾病的基本原则()A:损其有余B:补其不足C:寒者热之D:热者寒之E:调整阴阳正确答案:E解析:防治疾病的基本原则为扶正祛邪、调整阴阳、正治反治、治标治本、调理精气血津液及三因制宜等。

3、适用于阴偏衰的治疗方法是()A:阳病治阴B:阴病治阳C:阴中求阳D:阳病治阳E:阴病治阴正确答案:A解析:阴阳偏衰的治疗原则是“虚则补之”,即补其不足。

阴偏衰产生的是“阴虚则热”的虚热证,治法当滋阴制阳,《内经》称之为“阳病治阴”;阳偏衰产生的是“阳虚则寒”的虚寒证,治法当扶阳抑阴,《内经》称之为“阴病治阳”。

4、“寒者热之”适用于下述的病证是()A:阳偏盛B:阳偏衰C:阴偏盛D:阴偏衰E:阴阳两虚正确答案:C解析:阴阳偏盛的治疗原则是“实则泻之”,即损其有余。

阳偏盛而导致的实热证,用“热者寒之”的治疗方法;阴偏盛而导致的寒实证,用“寒者热之”的治疗方法。

5、五脏分阴阳,则肺的阴阳属性是()A:阳中之阳B:阳中之阴C:阴中之阳D:阴中之阴E:阴中之至阴正确答案:B解析:五脏分阴阳:心肺居于膈上属阳,而心属火,位南方,通于夏,属阳中之阳的太阳;肺属金,位西方,通于秋,属阳中之阴的少阴。

肝、脾、肾居膈下属阴,而肝属木,位东方,通于春,属阴中之阳的少阳;肾属水,位北方,通于冬,属阴中之阴的太阴;脾属土,居中央,主四时,属阴中之至阴。

6、下列选项可用阴阳相互转化解释的是()A:寒极生热B:阴损及阳C:寒者热之D:阴病治阳E:阴中求阳正确答案:A解析:阴阳转化指事物的总体属性,在一定条件下可以向其相反的方向转化。

阴阳转化一般有两种形式:一是渐变,如一年四季的温热寒凉变化;二是突变,如气候出现剧烈的寒热变化。

“肾阴虚”还是“肾阳虚”如何区别?(ZL)-Microsoft_Word_文档

“肾阴虚”还是“肾阳虚”如何区别?(ZL)-Microsoft_Word_文档

“肾阴虚”还是“肾阳虚”如何区别?中医王圣尉说:肾虚,是‚肾阴虚‛还是‚肾阳虚‛如何区别?回答:肾虚,是‚肾阴虚‛还是‚肾阳虚‛如何区别?[原创]【提要】:肾阴虚:‚阴虚常生内热‛,表现为五心发热、烦躁、口干咽燥、神烦气粗、尿黄便干、心悸气短、头晕眼花、精神状态差、月经不调、面色无华、黄褐斑、蝴蝶斑滋生,一般多见于女性,各种机能亢进性疾病如肺结核、长期低烧等。

肾阳虚:‚阳虚则生外寒‛,表现为体质虚弱、手脚发凉、腰膝酸软、夜尿频繁、疲乏无力、气短懒言、失眠健忘、精神不振、易疲劳、脸色苍白,一般多见于男性,各种机能衰退性疾病及各种慢性疾病等。

‚肾阴虚‛与‚肾阳虚‛如何区别?一、‚肾阴虚‛与‚肾阳虚‛的概述:肾阴,又称元阴、真阴,是人体阴液之本,对各脏腑组织器官起着滋养、濡润作用。

此外,肾阴能够制约肾中阳气,防止其过亢妄动。

肾阴不足则有两方面的病理表现:一为滋润不足,症见眩晕耳鸣、视力减退、形体消瘦、咽干舌燥。

二为阴不制阳,虚热内扰,症见五心烦热、潮热颧红、盗汗不寐、梦遗等。

其治疗,虚热不甚者可滋补肾阴为主,可用左归丸、六味丸等品;虚火较为明显者,当以滋阴降火为大法,当以知柏地黄丸、大补阴丸治之。

肾阳,又称真阳、元阳,是人体阳气的根本,具有温煦机体、促进气化以及制约肾阴等作用。

其病理一方面表现为温煦失职,症见神疲倦怠、畏寒肢冷、腰膝冷痛、阳痿、宫寒等;另一方面表现为气化无权,水液代谢失常,出现尿少、水肿等症。

治疗以温补肾阳为基本法则,若有水停之患,当利尿行水以兼顾其标。

肾阳虚可以吃狗肉、羊肉、韭菜、泥鳅来进行食补,药物则有肾宝、玉苁蓉、金匮肾气丸、右归丸等。

二:‚肾阴虚‛与‚肾阳虚‛的基本概念:我在回答这个问题之前,首先要你明白中医的几个关于肾的术语概念,什么是肾?中医所说的肾与西医的肾在解剖、生理、病理、病证方面有何异同之处?什么叫‚阴‛?什么叫‚阳‛?什么是‚实‛证?什么是‚虚‛证?明确了这些肾的证候的基本概念,就容易理解了。

中医术语英译

中医术语英译

CHAPTER 1肝阳liver yang肝气liver qi肝开窍于眼liver open at the eyes肺开窍于鼻lung open at the nose心开窍于舌heart open at the tongue上亢ascendant hyperactivity肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang阳盛yang exuberance阴盛yin exuberance阳衰yang debilitation阴衰yin debilitation传统医学traditional medicine中医traditional Chinese medicine中西医结合integration of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine 阴阳学说yin-yang theory五行学说five-phase theory中医基础理论basic theory of TCM中医诊断学traditional Chinese diagnostics方剂学formula study经方classified formula合方combined formula改方modified formula经络学说meridian and collateral (study) 经脉meridian vessel穴位acupuncture points头皮针scalp acupuncture耳针auricular acupuncture中药学traditional Chinese pharmacy中医养生traditional Chinese life nurturing 中医康复traditional Chinese rehabilitation 中医护理traditional Chinese nursing整体观念holism五脏five viscera六腑six bowelsCHAPTER 2精气学说essential qi theory肾精kidney essence清气clear qi清阳clear yang清热clear heat阳虚yang deficiency虚火deficiency fire血逆blood counterflow气逆qi counterflow过虑伤肺excessive anxiety damage the lung 气闭qi block热闭heat block阳脱证yang collapse pattern津脱fluid collapse补阳tonify yang补气tonify qi补血tonify blood苍天之气heaven qi气机qi dynamic陈腐之气stale qi气陷qi fall正气healthy qi气滞qi stagnation阳证yang pattern胃热证stomach heat pattern证型pattern type阴中之阴yin within yin阳中之阴yin within yang阴阳互根mutual rooting of yin and yang治本treat the root阴阳消长waxing and wanting of yin and yang月有阴晴圆缺the waxing and wanting of the moon 阴阳调和harmony of yin and yang气血不调disharmony of qi and blood调和气血harmonize the qi and the blood和胃harmonize stomach和法harmonizing method阳盛阴虚yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity表实exterior excess实寒excess cold虚实夹杂deficiency-excess complex表证exterior pattern表虚exterior deficiency里虚interior deficiency里实interior excess表里关系exterior-interior relation阴阳转化yin-yang conversion由实转虚conversion of excess into deficiency阴阳格拒yin and yang repulsion冷热格拒cold and heat repulsion阳邪yang pathogen阴邪yin pathogen五行five phases木行wood phase土生金earth engenders metal木生火wood engenders fire土克水earth restrains water木克土wood restrains earth木乘土wood overwhelms earth水乘火water overwhelms fire水侮土water rebels earth木侮金wood rebels metal金侮火metal rebels fire母子相及mother and child inter-affectingMother and child affecting each other CHAPTER 3先天之气innate qi先天之精innate essence后天之气acquired qi后天之精acquired essence肝肾同源homogeny of liver and kidney精血同源homogeny of essence and blood命门之火life gate fire气门qi gate君火sovereign fire / heart fire相火ministerial fire正气healthy qi宗气ancestral qi元气source qi原穴source point卫分defence aspect卫气defence qi运化transportation and transformation气化qi transformation气机失调qi dynamic disorder气机瘀滞qi dynamic stagnation寒凝气滞qi stagnation due to cold congealing 寒滞肝脉cold stagnating in the liver vessel 肝气上逆liver qi ascending counterflow胃气上逆stomach qi ascending counterflow 肝气横逆transverse invasion of liver qi真气genuine qi营气nutrient qi下气海lower sea of qi气化作用transformation function心血heart blood血瘀blood stasis气郁qi stagnation活血化瘀activate blood and resolve stasis营卫nutrient and defense营分nutrient aspect水谷精华the essence of water and food水谷代谢water-food metabolism津液fluid and humor津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern气液代谢qi-humor metabolism中气下陷sunken middle qi升举中气upraise middle qi心神heart spirit神昏spirit failing to keep to its abode三焦triple energizers脾气散精the spleen qi disperses essence肺主通调水道the lungs regulate the waterways 肾主水the kidneys dominate water肝主疏泄the liver dominates free coursing三焦主诸气the triple energizers dominate all qi肾主二便the kidneys dominate urination and defecation肺主宣发,主排汗和呼吸the lung govern sweat discharge and respiration魂ethereal soul精神essence-spirit意ideation魄corporeal soul志will气血失调disharmony of qi and blood阴阳失调disharmony of yin and yang气血两虚dual deficiency of qi and blood气阴两虚dual deficiency of qi and yin气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin气不摄血qi deficiency failing to control blood脾不统血spleen failing to control blood气不化津qi failing to transform fluidCHAPTER 4五脏five viscera中脏viscera stroke藏象viscera manifestation脉象pulse manifestation脏腑viscera and bowel六腑six bowels奇点extra point奇恒之腑extraordinary organs上焦upper energizers中焦middle energizers三焦tripple energizers心包经pericardium channel热入心包heat enters pericardium胆经gallbladder channel胆实热gallbladder excess heat小肠虚寒deficient cold of small intestine心热传入小肠transmission of heart heat to the small intestine 大肠虚寒deficient cold of large intestine热迫大肠heat distressing the large intestine膀胱气化bladder qi transformation膀胱湿热dampness heat of the bladder冷凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus热入血室heat entering the blood chamberBlood chamber is another name of uterus肝气犯胃liver qi invading the stomach风热袭肺wind-heat invading the lung火旺effulgent fire阴虚火旺yin deficiency with effulgent fire肺气失于宣发lung qi failing to diffuse肾精不足kidney essence insufficiency虚火上炎deficient fire flaming upward心火上炎heart fire flaming upward髓海sea of marrow血海sea of blood心胃火燔heart-stomach fire ablaze肝气郁滞liver qi depression化火transform into fire藏血store blood主疏泄govern free coursing少阳之气lesser yang qi心藏神heart houses spirit脾藏意spleen houses ideation热伤神明heat damaging bright spirit直中direct strike风中经络wind striking meridian and collateral 风中血脉wind striking blood vessels清热clear heat燥干清窍dryness affecting the clear orifices升清upbearing the clear泌别清浊separation of the clear and turbid湿浊dampness turbidity降浊downbear turbid降火downbear fire骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever肾主骨kidney govern the bone淤阻脑络证pattern of (blood) stasis obstructing the brain collateral 髓海sea of marrow髓通于脑marrow connects to the brain经脉collateral vessel血脉blood vessel二七天癸至heavenly tenth arrives at the age of 2 times 7七七天癸竭heavenly tenth fades away at the age of 7 times 7月经menstruation母乳喂养breastfeedingCHAPTER 5外因external cause内因internal cause不内外因cause neither internal nor external外邪external pathogen阴邪yin pathogen外感external contraction新感new contraction外感风寒external contraction of wind-cold外感六淫six-excess external contraction六淫入血分six excesses entering the blood aspect 暑湿summerheat dampness中暑summerheat stroke湿浊dampness turbidity下焦湿热lower energizer dampness-heat凉燥cool-dryness津枯血燥desiccation of liquid and blood dryness 温邪warm pathogen温下法warm purgation温毒pestilential pathogen瘟疫论treatise on pestilence婴儿惊厥(惊风)infantile convulsion刚痉febrile convulsion with chills暑邪summerheat肝风内动internal stirring of liver wind目上斜视upward squint of the eyes疮疡sores and ulcers内伤internal damage伤阳damage to yang伤津damage to fluid七情seven emotions情志不遂emotional upset喜极伤心excessive joy damaging the heart怒极伤肝excessive anger damaging the liver忧极伤肺excessive anxiety damaging the lung思极伤脾excessive thought damaging the spleen悲极伤肺excessive sorrow damaging the lung恐极伤肾excessive fear damaging the kidney惊极伤心excessive fright damaging the heart劳倦overexertion and fatigue寒厥cold syncope脏厥visceral syncope(内脏阳气衰微所致的肢厥,a syncope due to yang debilitation of internal organs)怒则气上anger causes qi to ascend喜则气缓joy causes qi to slacken悲则气消sorrow causes qi to disperse恐则气下fear causes qi to descend惊则气乱fright causes derangement of qi思则气结thought causes qi to bind忧则气郁anxiety causes qi to be depressed目赤bloodshot eyes五味偏嗜flavor predilection饮食偏嗜dietary predilection创伤学traumatology外伤traumatic injury房劳sexual overindulgence劳复taxation relapse女劳sexual taxation风痰wind-phlegm寒痰cold-phlegm痰饮phlegm-retained fluid痰湿phlegm-dampness水湿water-dampness淤血犯头static blood invading head 痿病wilting disease骨痿bone wilting筋痿sinew wilting绞痛colic pain寒疝cold abdominal colic淤痰blood stasis-phlegm浓痰purulent phlegm CHAPTER 6四诊four diagnostic examinations精神状态mental state面部表情facial expression面色complexion望小儿指纹vein of the infant's fingers 舌象tongue manifestation藏象visceral manifestation人体human body舌体tongue body舌形form of the tongue制剂形式preparation form舌态motility of the tongue口眼歪斜deviated of the tongue歪舌deviated tongue落枕stiff neck强硬舌stiff tongue震颤法trembling method颤动舌trembling tongue舌根root of the tongue舌尖tip of the tongue舌边margins of the tongue淡红舌pale red tongue淡白舌pale tongue红舌red tongue绛舌crimson tongue青舌blue tongue紫舌purple tongue青紫舌bluish purple tongue嫩舌tender-soft tongue胖大舌enlarged tongue肿胀舌swollen tongue瘦薄舌thin tongue点刺舌spotted tongue芒刺舌pricky tongue齿痕舌teeth-marked tongue裂纹舌fissured tongue痿软舌limp wilting tongue麻痹舌paralyzed tongue吐弄舌protruded agitated tongue 短缩舌contracted tongue地图舌geographical tongue舌苔tongue fur腻苔slimy fur滑苔slippery fur苔色fur color舌色tongue color中剥苔centre peeling fur根剥苔root peeling fur苔质texture of fur润苔moist fur燥苔dry fur燥裂苔dry and cracked fur前剥苔anterior peeling fur镜面舌mirror tongue类剥苔exfoliated fur淡红色薄白苔red tongue with thin white fur红舌薄黄干苔red tongue with thin, yellow and dry fur 命关life bar舌诊tongue diagnosis望舌inspection of the tongueCHAPTER 7口气mouth odor汗味sweat odor倒经inverted menstruation白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge恶露不下retention of the lochia恶露不绝persistent flow of lochia口臭fetid mouth odor halitosis把脉take pulse病脉morbid pulse三部九侯three positions and nine indicators 布指寸口脉wrist pulse寸口诊法wrist pulse-taking method人迎脉carotid pulse趺阳脉anterior tibial pulse寸,关,尺cun/inch, guan/bar and chi/cubit 诊尺肤cubit skin examination指法finger technique叩击法tapping technique举,按,寻lifting, pressing and searching 推寻pulse searching平脉tranquil pulse燥脉agitated pulse按诊body palpation按腧穴acupuncture point palpation病色morbid complexion病脉morbid pulse浮脉floating pulse孤阳上越deficiency yang floating upward 沉脉sunken pulse脾气下陷sunken spleen qi中气下陷sunken middle qi单按pressing with one finger总按simultaneous palpation浮脉floating pulse沉脉sunken pulse迟脉slow pulse数脉rapid pulse虚脉vacuous pulse实脉replete pulse洪脉surging pulse细脉fine pulse滑脉slippery pulse涩脉rough pulse弦脉string-like pulse结脉bound pulse相兼脉combined pulse芤脉hollow pulse散脉dissipated pulse革脉drumskin pulse伏脉hidden pulse牢脉firm pulse阳明腑证yang brightness bowel pattern 缓脉moderate pulse缓脉(不正常)relaxed pulse疾脉racing pulse大脉large pulse长脉long pulse濡脉soggy pulse弱脉weak pulse短脉short pulse微脉faint pulse动脉stirred pulse紧脉tight pulse代脉intermittent pulse促脉skipping pulse驱寒dissipate cold散瘀dissipate stasis风动stirring wing阴虚动风yin deficiency with stirring windCHAPTER 8问寒热inquiry about cold and heat问汗inquiry about sweating问痛inquiry about pain恶寒aversion to cold恶热aversion to heat发热恶寒aversion to cold with fever畏is usually translated as fear, as in "fear of cold" 畏寒但热不寒fever without chills但寒不热chills without fever潮热tidal fever午间潮热afternoon tidal fever日晡潮热late afternoon tidal fever骨蒸潮热bone-steaming tidal fever湿温潮热dampness-warm tidal fever阴虚潮热yin deficiency tidal fever微热mild fever微恶寒mild aversion to cold微寒mild chill微渴mild thirst身热不扬unsurfaced fever五心烦热vexing heat in the chest, palms and soles / five center heat手足烦热vexing heat in the extremities 手足厥冷reversal cold of the extremities 厥阴reverting yin寒热往来alternating chills and fever盗汗night sweating虚热deficiency heat少阳病lesser yang disease疟疾malaria头重脚轻heavy head and light feet身重heavy body重痛heavy pain目眩dizzy vision视力模糊blurred vision复视doubled vision灼痛scorching pain绞痛gripping pain掣痛pulling pain隐痛dull pain窜痛scurrying pain闷痛oppressive pain酸痛aching pain游走性疼痛wandering pain阵发性痛paroxysmal pain阵发性咳嗽paroxysmal cough持续性痛persistent pain汗不止persistent sweating项背拘急contracture of the nape and neck 四肢拘急contracture of the limbs肌肉痉挛muscle spasm淋病strangury disease血淋blood strangury热淋heat strangury胀痛distending pain刺痛stabbing pain冷痛cold pain空痛empty pain固定痛fixed pain胁痛hypochondriac四肢痛limb pain周身痛generalized pain完谷不化undigested food in the stool消化不良腹泻undigested food diarrhea 五更泻fifth-watch diarrhea五更咳fifth-watch cough溏泄sloppy diarrhea便溏sloppy stool大便硬结hard bound stool结脉bound pulse余尿不尽incomplete urination小便涩痛difficult painful urination大便失禁fecal incontinence小便失禁urinary incontinence尿浊turbid urine分泌清浊separation of the clear and turbid 语声重浊deep turbid voice小便淋沥dribbling urination癃闭dribbling urinary block遗精seminal emission梦遗dream emission白带white vaginal discharge黄带yellow vaginal discharge下消lower wasting-thirst里急后重tenesmus尿频frequent urination膀胱失约bladder retention failure遗尿enuresis阳痿impotence勃起erection滑精spermatorrhea早泄pre-mature ejaculation月经先期advanced menstruation月经period月经后期delayed menstruation月经先后无定期menstruation at irregular intervals 经期延长prolonged menstruation月经过多profuse menstruation月经过少scanty menstruation崩漏flooding and spotting闭经amenorrhea初潮menarche痛经dysmenorrhea赤白带下white and yellow vaginal discharge胸闷oppression in the chestCHAPTER 9半表半里证pattern of half-exterior half-interior表里辩证exterior-interior pattern identification表虚证exterior deficiency pattern表寒证exterior cold pattern风湿袭表证pattern of wind-dampness assailing the exterior 风寒袭喉证pattern of wind-cold assailing the throat风寒袭肺证pattern of wind-cold assailing the lung风寒束表wind-cold fettering the exterior风寒束肺证pattern of wind-cold fettering the lung卫表不固证defense-exterior insecurity pattern表里俱寒证pattern of dual exterior and interior cold肝胆俱实证pattern of dual excess of liver and gallbladder 气阴两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of qi and yin八纲辨证eight-principle pattern identification表寒里热证pattern of exterior cold and interior heat寒热错杂证cold-heat complex pattern虚实夹杂证deficiency-excess complex pattern上寒下热证upper cold and lower heat pattern上热下寒证upper heat and lower cold pattern上焦upper energizer上消upper waste-thirst热及生风证pattern of extreme heat engendering wind阴极似阳extreme yin resembling yang阳极似阴extreme yang resembling yin上盛下虚证upper exuberance and lower deficiency pattern 下焦lower energizer真虚假实证true deficiency with false excess pattern真实假虚证true excess with false deficiency pattern真寒假热证true cold with false heat pattern辩症syndrome differentiation阳虚痰凝yang deficiency with congealing phlegm寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝胞宫证pattern of cold congealing in the uterus伤阳证yang damage pattern伤阴证yin damage pattern阴阳两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of yin and yang心脾两虚证pattern of dual deficiency of heart and spleen阴虚内热证pattern of yin deficiency of yin with internal heat 阴虚火旺证pattern of yin deficiency with effulgent fire阴盛阳衰证pattern of yin exuberance with yang debilitation 阳虚寒凝证pattern of yang deficiency with congealing cold 阴盛格阳证pattern of exuberant yin repelling yang阳盛格阴证pattern of exuberant yang repelling yin清阳不升证pattern of clear yang failing to ascend肾不纳气证pattern of kidney failing to receive qi脾不统血证pattern of spleen failing to manage blood八纲eight principles治疗原则therapeutic principle八纲治法eight principle therapeutic methods合证combined pattern合方combined formulaCHAPTER 10气陷证qi sinking pattern寒湿证cold-dampness pattern气机失调证qi dynamic disorder pattern气机郁滞证stagnant qi dynamic pattern湿热下注证pattern of dampness-heat pouring down寒凝气滞证pattern of congealing cold with qi stagnation寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis寒湿内阻证pattern of internal obstruction of cold-dampness 气虚湿阻证pattern of qi deficiency with dampness obstruction 气机不利证inhibited qi dynamic pattern气虚水停证pattern of qi deficiency with water retention气虚不摄证pattern of qi deficiency with failure to constrain气虚外感证pattern of qi deficiency with external contraction 蓄血证blood amassment pattern气血失调证qi-blood disharmony pattern气不摄血证pattern of qi failing to control the blood血虚挟淤证pattern of blood deficiency complicated by stasis 血虚寒凝证pattern of blood deficiency and congealing cold血虚风燥证pattern of blood deficiency and wind-dryness津气亏虚证fluid-qi deficiency pattern气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention饮停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium 风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water水停证water retention pattern疫毒下注证pattern of pestilential toxin pouring downward火毒内陷证pattern of inward invasion of fire toxin表邪内陷证pattern of inward invasion of external evil表寒证exterior cold pattern表热证exterior heat pattern表虚exterior deficiency里实证interior excess pattern里寒interior cold里热interior heat外湿external dampness外风external wind外燥external dryness内风internal wind内燥internal dryness内湿internal dampness燥干清窍证pattern of dryness affecting the clear orifices气郁证qi depression pattern气郁化火证pattern of depressed qi transforming into fire 中气下陷证sunken middle qi脾气下陷sunken spleen qi直肠下陷prolapse of the rectum子宫下陷prolapse of uterus表气不固insecurity of exterior qi肾气不固insecurity of kidney qi蓄血blood amassment太阳蓄血证greater yang blood amassment pattern热入血室heat entering blood chamber寒入血室证pattern of cold entering blood chamber气虚血瘀证pattern of qi deficiency with blood stasis心血淤阻证heart blood stasis pattern寒凝血瘀证pattern of congealing cold with blood stasis 气病及血qi disease affecting the blood阳损及阴detriment to yang affecting yin生津engender fluid胃津stomach fluid津血同源homogeny of fluid and blood液脱证humor collapse pattern增液润肠increase humor and moisten the intestines风水相搏证pattern of mutual contention of wind and water阴虚水停证pattern of yin deficiency with water retention气滞水停证pattern of qi stagnation with water retention太阳蓄水证greater yang water retention pattern胸胁胀痛fullness in the chest and hypochondrium水停胸胁证pattern of fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium。

中医英语词汇汇总

中医英语词汇汇总

中医英语词汇汇总(总13页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Lesson One History of Traditional Chinese Medicine中医术语acupunture and moxibusion 针灸health maintenance 养生drugs cold and cool 寒凉药the school of cold and cool 寒凉派diaphoesis emesis purgation 汗吐下the school of purgation 攻下派exagenous pathogenic factors 外邪reinforcing the earth 补土internal impairment of spleen and stomach would bring about vorious diseases 内伤脾胃百病由生yang is usually redundant ,while yin is frequently deficient.阳常有余阴常不足nourishing yin 滋阴medicinal herbs 草药blood stagnation 淤血warm and inorgorate the spleen and stomach 温养脾胃中国医药学: traditional Chinese medicine中医基础理论: basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine临床经验: clinical experience辨证论治: treatment based on syndrome differentiation; pattern identification and treatment本草: materia medica中药: Chinese materia medica; Chinese medicinals中草药: Chinese medicinal herbs四气五味: four properties and five tastes针灸: acupuncture and moxibustion各家学说: theories of different schools汗法: diaphoresis; sweating therapy下法: purgative therapy; precipitation吐法: emetic therapy; vomiting therapy补土派: school of invigorating the earth病因学说: etiology养生: health cultivation; health improvement; health preservation医疗实践: medical practice治疗原则: therapeutic principles寒凉药物: cold and cool medicinals滋阴降火: nourishing yin to reduce fire瘀血: blood stasis正气: healthy qi病邪: pathogenic factor整体观念: holism; holistic concept气血运行: circulation of qi and blood自然现象: natural phenomenaLesson Two Materialism and Dialectics in Traditional Chinese Medicine中医术语Materialism 唯物主义dialectics 辩证法celestial qi 天气terrestrial qi 地气the interaction between yin and yang 阴阳相互作用the lucid yang ascends to constitute the earth 清阳为天qi transformation 气化essence 精prenatal essence 先天之精shen(spirit) 神pathological factor 邪气the opposition and unity of yin and yang 阴阳对立统一the motion and changes of yin and yang 阴阳运动变化organic whole 有机整体Five kinds of visceral qi 五脏之气five emotional changes 五志excessive rage impairs the liver 怒伤肝excessive joy impairs the heart 喜伤心excessive meditation impairs the spleen 思伤脾excessive melancholy impairs the lung 悲伤肺excessive fright impairs the kidney 恐伤肾routine treatment and contray treatment 正治反治tit-for-tat(or blow-for-blow) 正治reinforcing therapy 补法purging therapy 泄法differential application and therapeutic methods 异法方宜mental activity 神志活动the heart is the king organ responsible for the activity of thinking consciousness 心为君主之官主神志意识will 意termed 志thinking 思wisdom 智summer-heat 暑热zheng qi ( healthy qi ) 正气Lesson Three The Basic Characteristics of TCMmaterilism and dialectics 唯物论和辨证法the concept of organic whole 整体观念treatment based on syndrone differentian 辨证论治drawing yin from yang 从阴引阳treating the nights for curing disease on the left 从右治左treating the same disease with different therapies 同病异治treating differnt disease with the same therapy 异病同治clear away fire in the heart 清心火sprouting occurs in spring ,growth in summer,transformationg in latesummer ,reaping in autumn andstoring in winter 春生夏长秋收冬藏the relation between pachogenic factors and healthy qi 正邪关系the four diagnosic methods 四诊purging the small intestine 泻小肠spring is usually marked by warrachs , summer by heat ,late summer by dampness ,autumn by dryness and winter by cold 春暖夏暑长夏秋燥冬寒the interstitial space are open when one swears clothes in summer天暑衣厚则奏理开哲学概念: philosophical concept对立统一: opposition and unity相互消长: mutual waning and waxing阴阳属性: nature of yin and yang相互转化: mutual transformation相互联系: interrelation相互制约: mutual restraint动态平衡: dynamic equilibrium阴平阳秘: yin and yang in equilibrium相互依存: interdependence阴阳的互根互用: interdependence between yin and yang阴阳离绝: dissociation of yin and yang阴阳转化: transformation between yin and yang阳消阴长: yang waning while yin waxing阴胜则阳病: predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang阳胜则热: predominance of yang generating heat寒极生热: extreme cold generating heat热极生寒: extreme heat generating cold相反相成: opposite and supplementary to each other生理功能: physiological functions病理变化: pathological changes临床诊断: clinical diagnosis阳胜生外热: exuberance of yang leading to exterior heat阳中求阴: obtaining yin from yang阳虚则寒: yang deficiency leading to heat阳损及阴: impairment of yang involving yin阴中之阳: yang within yin阴阳两虚: simultaneous deficiency of yin and yang阳虚发热: fever due to yang deficiency阴阳学说: theory of yin and yang症状与病名stomatitis 口腔炎 proctoptosis脱肛dysentery 痢疾hysteroptosis子宫脱垂measles 麻疹 ulcer溃疡the collapse of zhongqi 中气下陷Lesson Four The Theory of Yin and Yang中医术语相互消长:growth and decline between yin and yang阴阳属性:yin and yang properties相互转化:inter-transformation相互依存:interdependence between yin and yang阴阳的无限可分性:the infinite divisibility of yin and yang阴平阳秘:yang steadies while yin calms阳消阴长:waning of yang will lead to waxing of yin阳胜则热:predominance of yang gives rise to heat syndrome寒极生热:extreme cold brings on heat热极生寒:extreme heat brings to cold阴中之阴:yin within yin阳中之阳:yang within yang阴中之阳:yin within yang阳中之阴:yang within yin阴阳互根:interdependence between yin and yang阴阳自和:natural harmony of yin and yang春生sprouting in spring夏长growing in summer秋收reaping in autumn冬藏 storing in winter相互制约:mutual opposition and restriction between yin and yang动静升降出入motion and quiescence ,ascending and descending exiting and entering孤阳不升,孤阴不长if only yang exists ,there will be no birth,if only yin exists,there will be no growth .动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium阴胜则热excess of yang causing heat阴阳失调:imbalance between yin and yangyin-yang disharmony wiseman 02/ 谢竹藩04阴阳两虚 deficiency of both yin and yangdual vacuity of yin and yang wiseman 02阴阳乖戾 dysequilibrium between yin and yangying-yang imbalance 谢竹藩04阴阳离决 separation of yin and yangwhile yin is (exuberant)prevails, there is cold wiseman 02阳胜则热 when yang prevails, there is heat wiseman 02阳胜则阴病when yang prevails, yin ails wiseman 02阴胜则阳病when yin prevails, yang ails wiseman 02阳虚则外寒when yang is vacuous, there is external cold wiseman 02阴虚则内热 when yin is is vacuous, there is internal heat wiseman 02阴损及阳 detriment to yang affects yin wiseman 02阳损及阴exuberant yin repelling yang wiseman 02阴虚火盛exuberant yin vacuity fire wiseman 02 exuberance of fire/due to yin-deficiency 简明汉英中医词典2002李照国阴虚火旺 effulgent yin vacuity fire wiseman 02 yin vacuity fire effulgent wiseman 02yin deficiency with effulgent fire 中医药常用名词术语英译 2004。

中医的专业术语英文翻译

中医的专业术语英文翻译

中医的专业术语英文翻译中医的专业术语英文翻译大家在写中医论文时候常常遇到一些不容易翻译的词汇,yjbys网整理了中医的专业术语英文翻译,方便大家写作。

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中国医药学:traditional Chinese medicine中医基础理论:basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine临床经验:clinical experience辨证论治:treatment based on syndrome differentiation本草:materia medica //medicinal herbs中药Chinese herbs四气五味:four properties and five tastes针灸acupuncture and moxibustion各家学说theories of different schools汗法: diaphoresis /diaphoretic therapy下法:purgative therapy吐法:emetic therapy补土派:school of invigorating the earth病因学说:theory of etiology养生:health-cultivation医疗实践medical practice治疗原则:therapeutic principles寒凉药物:herbs of cold and cool nature滋阴降火:nourishing yin to lower fire瘀血致病:disease caused by blood stasis先天之精:congenital essence气的运动变化:movement and changes of qi形与神俱:inseparability of the body and spirit神明: spirit/mental activity脏腑:zang-organs and fu-organs/viscera功能活动:functional activities形神统一:unity of the body and spirit阴阳失调:imbalance of yin and yang正邪相争:struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 治未病prevention of disease调养 to cultivate health正气 healthy qi病邪 pathogenic factor疾病的防治 prevention and treatment of disease整体观念 concept of holism五脏five zang-organs六腑six fu-organs经络系统system of meridians and collaterals形神统一unity of the body and spirit有机整体organic wholeness表里关系exterior and interior relation开窍opening into生长化收藏five element function脉象pulse conditions正邪关系the states of pathogenic factors and healthy qi自然现象natural phenomena哲学概念philosophical concept对立统一unity and opposites相互消长mutual waning and waxing阴阳属性nature of yin and yang相互转化mutual transformation相互联系interrelation相互制约mutual restraint动态平衡dynamic balance阴平阳秘yin and yang in equilibrium阳消阴长 yang waning and yin waxing阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang 阳胜则热 predominance of yang generating heat寒极生热 extreme cold generating heat热极生寒extreme heat generating cold相反相成 opposite and supplementary to each other生理功能physiological functions病理变化pathological changes临床诊断clinical diagnosis有机整体organic wholeness/entirety正邪斗争struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 绝对偏盛absolute predominance阳虚则寒yang deficiency leading to cold阳损及阴consumption of yang involving yin阴液不足insufficiency of yin-fluid病机pathogenesis五行学说theory of five elements运动变化motion and variation条达舒畅free development相生相克mutual generation and restriction生我我生to be generated and to generate克我我克to be restricted and to restrict生中有制restriction within generation克中有生generation within restriction木曰曲直Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally火曰炎上Fire is characterized by flaming up土曰稼穑Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping金曰从革Metal is characterized by change水曰润下Water is characterized by moistening anddownward flowing方位配五行correspondence of the directions to the five elements相乘相侮over-restriction and reverse restriction土乘木The wood over-restrains the earth土虚木乘 Earth deficiency leading to over-restriction by wood 金虚木侮metal deficiency leading to counter-restriction by wood生克制化interrelationship between generation and restriction制则生化restriction ensuring generation传变transmission of disease母病及子disease of the mother-organ affecting the child-organ子病犯母disease of the child-organ affecting the mother-organ肝肾精血不足insufficiency of kidney and liver essence and blood肝阳上亢hyperactivity of liver yang藏象学说 theory of visceral manifestations五脏六腑 five zang-organs and six fu-organs奇恒之府 extraordinary fu-organs水谷精微 cereal nutrients传化水谷 transmissions and transformation of food贮藏精气 storage of essence表里关系 interior and exterior relationship治疗效应 curative effect临床实践 clinical practice藏而不泻 storage without excretion心肝血虚deficiency of heart and liver blood心肝火旺exuberance of heart and liver fire心火亢盛exuberance of heart fire滋肾养肝nourishing the kidney and liver肝阴不足insufficiency of the liver yin温肾健脾warming the kidney and strengthening the spleen 肾阳式微declination of kidney yang脾阳不振inactivation of spleen yang肝旺脾虚hyperactivity of the liver and weakness of the spleen 脾胃虚弱weakness of the spleen and stomach平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach水湿停聚retention of water-dampness肾阴不足insufficiency of kidney yin心肾不交disharmony between the heart and kidney水火不济discordance between water and fire阴阳俱损simultaneous consumption of yin and yang阴阳两虚simultaneous deficiency of both yin and yang损其有余reducing excess补其不足supplementing insufficiency阴中求阳obtaining yang from yin虚寒证deficiency-cold syndrome扶阳益火strengthening yang to increasing fire祛风散寒eliminating wind to dispersing cold消导积滞promoting digestion and removing food retention 潜阳息风suppressing yang to quench wind阴阳的互根互用interdependence of yin and yang相互依存interdependence。

阴阳平衡

阴阳平衡

阴阳平衡:阴阳学说是我国古代的朴素唯物观和自发辨证法思想。

而古代医家把阴阳学说应用于医学,对人体的脏腑组织、生理、病理现象和与人类生活有关的自然界事物,作了广泛的联系和研究。

另外,阴阳学说承认宇宙间的任何事物都包含阴阳两个方面。

如:天为阳、地为阴,如果天地阴阳不平衡,则生态不平衡,出现各种自然灾害;男为阳、女为阴,如果一个家庭中男人没有阳刚之气、女人没有阴柔之美而阴阳不平衡,则家庭不和睦;脏为阴、腑为阳,如果脏腑阴阳不平衡,则会出现机体的紊乱,导致疾病的产生;阴阳是相互对立、相互依存、相互消长、相互转化的;既然万物是由阴阳所组成的,那么脏与脏之间阴阳之分有:一、肝阳亢:调肝要区别阳亢、肝气不足和阴虚,其不同的特点如下:1.肝阳亢者性情急躁尚有气力;肝气不足和肝阴虚者疲惫不堪。

2.肝阳亢眼红、干涩、眼角膜有斑(白翳)、眼袋鼓胀、下垂或眼球外突;肝阴虚、肝气不足者眼窝内凹、干涩、视物模糊、迎风流泪、眼花、色盲、视网膜脱落、黄斑性病变、白内障,重则患视神经炎。

3.肝阳亢者饭后两肋下胀满或右肋常胀痛;肝气不足、阴虚者右肋常隐隐作痛。

4.肝阳亢者双脚躁动不安;肝气不足、肝阴虚者两膝酸软。

5.肝阳亢者遇事急躁,处事不周;肝气不足者办事,心有余而力不足;肝阴虚者焦虑不安。

肝阳亢与肝阴虚可转换,物极必反。

阳亢至极,耗尽肝阴,可转为肝阴虚;肝阴虚至极,阴不制阳,可导致肝阳亢,故有肝阴虚和肝阳亢皆备者。

肝气不足和肝阴虚的区别在于前者自己感觉偏凉,后者自己感觉偏热。

二、肝阴虚肝病专家讲解到:肝阴虚与肾阴虚并举则为肝肾阴虚,常因肾阴虚而影响肝阴不足,火由肝阴耗伤及肾阴也形成肝肾阴虚,肝肾虚常表现为目花、目干、易疲劳、肢麻、胁隐痛等证;肾阴虚则腰膝酸痛、遗精、耳鸣、不孕等证。

肝阴虚和肾阴虚合并成为肝肾阴虚,肝阴虚主要是由于肾阴虚、肾气不足导致的肝阴虚。

肝肾阴虚的症状表现主要为:头晕目眩、目干、容易疲劳、肢体麻木、口燥咽干、失眠多梦、胁隐痛,遗精、腰膝酸痛、耳鸣、不孕、舌红、少苔、女子月经量少等。

阴阳

阴阳
②古历数术语。在六十甲子中。甲子、甲午为阳长,阳长之前三辰,即甲子之前辛酉、壬戍、癸亥,甲午之前辛卯、壬辰、癸巳皆为阴错。见明王逵《蠡海集·历数类》。
十一、阴差阳错
阴阳地理家用语。邓恭《地理知本金锁秘》:“凡阴差之处,则分不得金,立不得向”。分金立向指罗针定向。阴见阴为差,阳见阳为错。即月亮运动中的潮汐涨落最高点和最低点的八次停顿处,从中可领悟出空间事物运动中所产生的差错停滞现象。此语成为口头禅流行于世,以说明时机不对而生差错、过失。
十六、阴降阳升
阴气下降,阳气上升,互为交感。《周易》认为天地运动具有升降交感的性质,天地阴阳交者为顺为吉。失交者为逆为凶。泰卦,天居下,阳气上升;地居上,阴气下降,相互交感,故为大吉。《彖》:“泰,小往大来,吉,亨,则是天地交而万物通也,上下交而其志同也”。咸卦,上卦兑为阴,下卦艮为阳,互为交感。《彖》:“天地感而万物化生······观其所感而天地万物之情可见矣”。否卦,天居上,地居下,阳气与阴气不得交感,故为凶。《彖》:“否之匪人,不利君子贞,大往小来,则是天地不交,而万物不通也。上下不交而天下无邦也”。易学阴阳升降交感思想通过卦象、河洛、太极图式反映出来。阴降阳升是天地万物规律。如一年四季:“冬,阳在内而阴在外,地上寒而地中暖;夏则反此者,乃真理也。假令冬至为地阴极,而生阳上升,至夏则阳在上,而阴在地中者······如冬至子正一阳升而得其复,至于巳则阴绝,而六阳备。是故得其纯乾;夏至午正则一阴生而得姤,至于亥则阳绝······然子后面南,午后面北,视卦之爻,则子后阳升,午后阴降,明矣”。(刘完素《素问玄机原病式》)中医常运用阴阳升降交感思想说明人体生理、病理、治则、方药等。
阴阳的思想是具有哲理性的,如果要想充分能够理解,只有到具体的生活当中去体验,生活之中无处不阴阳。

中国传统医学的翻译

中国传统医学的翻译

下面是我向有关方面提供的一份所谓中医名词术语英语翻译“标准化”方案的部分内容。

妥否,请读者诸君公鉴。

阴阳学说:阴阳(Yin and Yang);阴中之阳(Yang within Yin,其他类似术语依此类推):对立(opposition);互根(interdependence);消长(waning and waxing);转化(transformation)五行学说:五行(five elements);木(Wood);火(Fire);土(Earth);金(Metal);水(Water);相生(promotion或generation);相克(restriction);相乘(over-restriction或subjugation);相恶(counter-restriction)。

精、气、神等:精(essence);气(qi或Qi);神(spirit或mind);魂(ethereal soul);魄(corporeal soul);命门(life-gate);正气(healthy-Qi);元(原)气(primordial-Qi);真气(genuine-Qi);宗气(pectoral-Qi);卫气(defensive-Qi);营气(nutrient-Qi);卫分(defensive-phase);气分(Qi-phase);心气(heart-Qi,其他脏腑之气的翻译依此类推);中气(middle-Qi);气化(Qi-transformation);津(thin fluid);液(thick fluid);津液(body fluid);汗(sweat);涎(drool);涕(snivel)。

脏腑:脏(Zang-organs);腑(Fu-organs);脏腑(Zang-Fu organs或viscera);三焦(triple energizer);奇恒之腑(extraordinary Fu-organs);骨度(bone measurement);心阴(heart-Yin,其他脏腑之阴阳依此类推);运化(transportation and transformation);生化(generation and transformation);肃降(purify and descend);水道(water passage);天癸(Tiangui);先天(innateness);纳气(reception of Qi)。

“阴中求阳”理论源流及现代研究

“阴中求阳”理论源流及现代研究
对 该理 论的更 深入研 究提 供参 考 。 关键 词 : “ 阴 中求 阳” ; 配伍 特 点 ; 现代 研 究 中图分 类号 : R 2 2 文 献标识 码 : A 文章 编号 : 1 0 0 2— 2 4 0 6 ( 2 0 1 4 ) 0 5— 0 0 4 4— 0 2
Th e The o r y o n Tr e a t i ng Yi n f o r Ya ng a nd I t s Mo d e r n Re s e a r c h
“ 阴 中求 阳” 这一 中 医术 语 出 自《 景 岳全 书 ・ 新方
汉 代 张仲景 在创 立 肾气 丸 时虽 未 明确 提 出“ 阴 中
求 阳” 这一概 念 , 但 已将 “ 阴 中求 阳” 的思 路 落 实 在 方 药配 伍 中 , 方 中以干地 黄 、 山茱萸 、 山药 滋 阴补 肾、 健脾
Abs t r a c t: T h e t he o r y o f‘ ‘ t r e a t i n g Yi n f o r Ya ng ”i s a t h e r a p e u t i c me t h o d or f t he t r e a t me n t o f k i d n e y Ya n g d e t— f c i e n c y s y n d r o me .I t i s wi d e l y u s e d a n d h a s a c h i e v e d g o o d e f f e c t s c l i n i c a l l y .T he o r i g i n o f“t r e a t i n g Yi n or f Ya n g” a nd i t s d o s a g e,me d i c i n a l ,e f f e c t i v e c o mp o n e n t s a n d p h a r ma c 0 l o g i c a l e f f e c t s i n p r e s e n t s t u d i e s a r e d e - s c r i b e d .I t i s a i me d a t p r o v i d i n g r e f e r e n c e f o r t h e f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h a b o u t t hi s t h e o r y. Ke y wo r d s: “T r e a t i n g Yi n or f Ya ng ”;Co mpa t i bi l i t y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ;Mo d e m r e s e a r c h

中医药文化的内涵

中医药文化的内涵

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蕴十分丰 富。 然而 , 一直对其 丰富的文化 内涵缺乏全面深 刻的 我们 理解 , 而导致某些误 识 。下 面 , 简单阐述一下 这方面 的内容。 故 就
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中医药文 化 的 内涵
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2016山大中医基础---大作业(答案)

2016山大中医基础---大作业(答案)

中医基础作业题一、单项选择题(从每题的A、B、C、D 4个备选答案中,选出1个最佳答案,并填在题干后的括号内。

本大题共 30 题,每题1分,共30分。

)1、中医学理论体系的奠基之作是( A )A、黄帝内经B、难经C、神农本草经D、伤寒杂病论2、金元四大家中倡言“阳常有余,阴常不足”的是( D )A、刘完素B、张元素C、李杲D、朱震亨3、言人体脏腑之阴阳,则肝为( C )A、阴中之至阴B、阳中之阴C、阴中之阳D、阴中之阴4、阴偏盛形成( A )A、实寒证B、实热证C、虚热证D、虚寒证5、“阴阳之征兆”指( C)A、天与地B、上与下C、水与火D、左与右6、下列说法中,不符合五行相生规律的是( D )A、火为土之母B、火为木之子C、水为木之母D、土为金之子7、称“君主之官”的脏腑是( A )A.心 B.脾 C.肝 D.肾8、肺的行水功能主要依赖于( C )A.肺主一身之气 B.肺司呼吸 C.肺主宣发肃降 D.肺朝百脉9、与津液代谢关系最为密切的是哪一组脏腑( D )A.心肝肾 B.心脾肾 C.脾肝肾 D.脾肺肾10、肾在液为( B )A、汗B、唾C、涎D、泪11、称为“生气之主”的是(肺)A、肺B、脾C、肾D、三焦12、“孤府”是指( C)A、胆B、胃C、三焦D、膀胱13、一身之气的生成与哪组脏腑的关系最为密切( C )A.心肝脾 B.心肺肾 C.脾肺肾 D.肝脾肾14、维持呼吸的深度主要依靠哪脏的功能( D )A.肝 B.肺 C.心 D.肾15、称为“百病之长”邪气是( B )A. 热邪B. 风邪C. 疠气D. 寒邪16、与生长发育迟缓、生殖机能低下等病理变化密切相关的是( A )A、元气B、宗气C、卫气D、营气17、风寒湿三气杂至可致“痹证”,其中“行痹”的特点是( A )A、痛无定处B、冷痛剧烈C、红肿热痛D、重着疼痛18、卒然大惊则( B )A、气结B、气乱C、气逆D、气上19、下列哪项是七情的致病特点( C )A、损伤阳气B、耗气伤津C、直接伤及内脏D、易于流行20、一般认为以下哪项不会导致出血( D )A、血瘀B、肝不藏血C、气虚D、血寒21、临床上以补气药配合止血药治疗出血证的理论基础是( C )A、气能行血B、气能生血C、气能摄血D、血为气母22、人体中最根本、最重要的气是( A )A、元气B、宗气C、营气D、卫气23、“气逆”常见哪组脏腑( C )A、肺脾肾B、肺胃肾C、肺胃肝D、肝胃肾24、“凝滞”“收引”是下列哪一种邪气的致病特点( A )A、寒邪B、风邪C、湿邪D、暑邪25、“百病多由痰作祟”是指痰饮致病的何项特点( D )A、阻滞气血运行B、阻滞脏腑功能C、易于蒙蔽神明D、致病广泛,变幻多端26、导致发病的内在因素主要是( A )A、正气不足B、邪气C、七情内伤D、饮食不节27、下列属于“用寒远寒”治法的是( C )A、阴盛慎用寒药B、阳虚慎用寒药C、冬季慎用寒药D、夏季慎用寒药28、“壮水之主,以制阳光”的治法适用于( C )A、实热证B、实寒证C、虚热证D、虚寒证29、根据不同的地域环境特点,来制定适宜的治疗原则,称为( A )A、因地治宜B、因人治宜C、因时治宜D、三因治宜30、“至虚有盛候”是指( C )A.阳盛阴虚B.阴盛阳虚C. 真虚假实D.真实假虚二、多项选择题(下列每题5个备选答案中至少有2是正确的,请为每题选择2个或2个以上的正确答案,并将序号填在题干后的括号内。

中医术语大全(阴阳五行)-学中医必看!

中医术语大全(阴阳五行)-学中医必看!

【晬时】晬时,即一周时。

指一天的某一时辰至次日的同一时辰。

【子气】在五行相生关系中,“我生”者为子气。

如火为木所生,则火为木的子气。

【子盗母气】用五行说明五脏间相生的母子关系中,由于子病累母而称。

多用于阐述五脏虚损性疾病互相影响的病理。

例如土生金,脾土为母,肺金为子,当肺气虚弱发展至一定程度,就可能影响脾气运化的功能。

【重阴必阳】疾病的性质原属阴气偏胜,但当阴气亢盛到一定限度时,会出现阳的现象或向着阳的方向转化。

如:病理变化中的“寒极生热”就是阴寒盛的病在一定条件下出现热性症状。

冬季感寒邪为重阴,病本属感冒风寒,但寒邪化热入里,会转化为热病。

这些病理上的转变都是有条件的,不应理解为必然如此。

【重阴】两种属于阴的性质同时出现在一个事物上。

如:一昼夜的夜半、夜为阴、夜半为阴中之阴。

故称重阴。

身冷,脉微欲绝、症脉都是阴盛,称为重阴,说明阴寒之盛。

把自然气候和人的病变联系起来,如冬季属阴,寒为寒邪,冬季感受寒邪,也可以称为重阴。

【重阳必阴】疾病的性质原属阳气偏胜,但当阳气亢盛到一定限度时,会出现阴的现象或向看阴的方向转化。

如:病理变化中的“热极生寒”就是阳热盛的病在一定条件下出现寒性症状。

夏日中暑为重阳,但由于暑热不但伤津液,还会使阳气耗散,正气不足而出现虚脱。

这些病理上的转变也都是有条件的,不应理解为必然如此。

【重阳】两种属阳的性质同时出现在一个事物上。

如:一昼夜的日中(正午),白昼为阳,日中为阳中之阳,故称重阳。

身热,脉洪大,症脉都是阳盛,称为重阳,说明阳热之盛。

把自然气候与人的病变联系起来,如夏季属阳,暑为阳邪,故夏月感暑,也可称为重阳。

【制化】制即克制,化即化生。

五行学说认为,化生和克制是互相为用的,事物生中有克,克中有生,才能维持其相对的平衡协调。

这样生克的配合,称为制化。

举木为例:木能克土,但土能生金,金又能克木,通过这种调节,使木不能过度克土。

其余类推。

【至阴】至,即到。

至阴,即到达阴的意思。

阳中求阴名词解释

阳中求阴名词解释

阳中求阴名词解释阳中求阴是一个中医术语,也是中医理论中的一个重要概念。

在中医的治疗方法中,阳中求阴被广泛应用。

那么,阳中求阴是什么意思呢?下面就来详细解释一下。

一、阳中求阴的概念阳中求阴是中医理论中的一个术语,它是指在中医治疗过程中,通过某些方法来调节身体内部的阴阳平衡,使身体恢复健康。

中医认为,人体的健康与阴阳平衡有着密切的关系。

阴阳是中医理论中的两个极端,阴性代表阴寒、阴虚,阳性代表阳热、阳亢。

阴阳平衡是人体健康的基础,阴阳失衡则会导致各种疾病的发生。

二、阳中求阴的原理阳中求阴的原理是通过运用中医理论中的阴阳学说,调节人体内部的阴阳平衡,从而达到治疗疾病的目的。

中医认为,人体内部的阴阳平衡是一个相互制约、相互依存的过程。

阴阳失衡会导致疾病的发生,而通过调节阴阳平衡,可以达到治疗疾病的效果。

三、阳中求阴的应用阳中求阴的应用非常广泛,主要包括以下几个方面:1、调节阴阳平衡阳中求阴的主要应用就是调节人体内部的阴阳平衡,从而达到治疗疾病的目的。

例如,对于一些阴虚火旺的病症,可以通过补益阴气来降低体内的阳气水平,从而达到治疗的效果。

2、治疗疾病阳中求阴在中医治疗中被广泛应用,可以用来治疗各种疾病,例如:内分泌失调、消化不良、神经衰弱、失眠、头痛、痛经等等。

3、保健养生阳中求阴也可以用于保健养生,可以通过调节阴阳平衡来保持身体的健康。

例如,对于一些阳虚阴寒的病症,可以通过补益阳气来提高体内的阳气水平,从而达到保健养生的效果。

四、阳中求阴的方法阳中求阴的方法有很多,主要包括以下几个方面:1、中药调理中药调理是阳中求阴的主要方法之一,可以通过中药的药性来调节身体内部的阴阳平衡。

例如,对于一些阴虚火旺的病症,可以用一些滋阴清热的中药来补益阴气,从而达到治疗的效果。

2、针灸疗法针灸疗法也是阳中求阴的常用方法之一,可以通过针灸的刺激来调节身体内部的阴阳平衡。

例如,对于一些阳虚阴寒的病症,可以用一些温阳散寒的针灸疗法来补益阳气,从而达到治疗的效果。

中医基础理论术语

中医基础理论术语
子气:五行相生中的我生之气。
木生火:在五行相生中,木资生、助长火的作用。用以说明肝对心的资助作用。
火生土:在五行相生中,火资生、助长土的作用。用以说明心对脾的资助作用。
土生金:在五行相生中,土资生、助长金的作用。用以说明脾对肺的资助作用。
金生水:在五行相生中,金资生、助长水的作用。用以说明肺对肾的资助作用。
五行相侮:在五行相克中,一行对其所不胜一行的反向克制。其顺序与五行相克相反。
木侮金:在五行相侮中,木金的反克。用以说明肝对肺的克制作用。
金侮火:在五行相侮中,金对火的反克。用以说明肺对心的克制作用。
火侮水:在五行相侮中,火对水的反克。用以说明心对肾的克制作用。
水侮土:在五行相侮中,水对土的反克。用以说明肾对脾的克制作用。
五行:木、火、土、金、水五种基本物质及其运动变化。
五时:春、夏、长夏、秋、冬五季。
五气:风、暑、湿、燥、寒五种气候。〈运气〉木、火、土、金、水五运之气。
五化:生、长、化、收、藏五个生化阶段。
五色:青、赤、黄、白、黑五种颜色。
五味:酸、苦、甘、辛、咸五种滋味。
五音:角、征、宫、商、羽五个音阶。
土克水:在五行相克中,土制约水的作用。用以说明脾对肾的制约作用。
水克火:在五行相克中,水制约火的作用。用以说明肾对心的制约作用。
火克金:在五行相克中,火制约金的作用。用以说明心对肺的制约作用。
金克木:在五行相克中,金制约木的作用。用以说明肺对肝的制约作用。
五行相乘:在五行相克中,一行对其所胜一行的过度制约。其顺序与五行相克相同。
土侮木:在五行相侮中,土对木的反克。用以说明脾对肝的克制作用。
五行生克:五行相生与五行相克的合称。

对中医学中_阴_字相关术语的探讨_任健

对中医学中_阴_字相关术语的探讨_任健
[1 ] 《 黄帝内经大词典 》 言: 阴精, ① 寒气。 ② 水气。
作为一门科学, 中医学必须具备严谨的理论体系, 其基础是基本术语的科学规范。由于中医学经历了两 记录的语言、 文字随着时代的变迁也发 千多年的发展, 生了变化, 出现了古今词义及一词多义, 对一个基本概 念有了多种不同的理解, 这种现象在中医学中较为普 遍。明确界定中医基础理论中基本术语的内涵与外延 是中医学发展的基础性工作。 《 》 、 《中医诊断学 》 在 中医基础理论 等不同学科的 “阴” 统编教材及各个版本中对阴气、 阴精、 阴液、 阴血等 “ 字相关术语的阐释有较大差异, 而由此导致对 阴虚” 这 个基本病理变化的理解产生了更大的分歧。辞典是用 来解释词语的意义、 概念、 用法的工具书, 也是一定时期 对词语的解释具用一定的权威 内对各学科信息的汇总, 。 《 性及代表性 本文利用 中医大辞典》 等 18 部辞典及部 “ 分专著对一些 阴” 字相关的术语进行阐释, 并结合教材 予以对比、 分析, 以期初步界定这些常用术语的内涵。 1 阴 气 [1 ] 《 黄帝内经大词典》 对阴气解释最为丰富, 做出了
[6 ] 《 《汉英双解中医大辞 中医学常用名词解释 》 、 [10 ] [5 ] [17 ] 《 《实用针灸学词典 》 、 典》 、 针灸推拿学辞典 》 、 [20 ] 《 实用汉英针灸辞典》 解释基本相同, 均指出: 阴虚是 [2 ] [3 ] [1 ]
人体津、 液、 精、 血等物质的不足。阴虚则生内热, 症见 盗汗, 五心烦热, 耳鸣眼花, 齿浮咽干, 失眠梦遗, 潮热, 舌红少苔, 脉细数等。
。《说文 》 : “月, 而月为太阴之精灵 中也提到 太阴之精 。这对我们分析阴精与太阴的关系 也。象上下弦阙形” 有一定启发。
[14 ] 《 在 杏林小品》 中提到, 阴精即地气。 又引李东

中医基础理论试题

中医基础理论试题

中医基础理论试题中医基础理论考试题库-1.中医病因学的特点为。

2. 临床上见到动、抽搐等症,应归属在风性的特性中。

3. 燥邪的致病特点为,。

4. 邪每多挟湿,邪易生风动血。

5. 性开泄,性收引,性趋下。

6. 疠气的致病特点为、、。

[答案]7. 七情的致病特点为、、、、。

8. 过劳包括、、三个方面。

9. 饮食失宜包括、、三个方面。

10. 水湿痰饮,就其形质而言,为痰,为饮。

11.瘀血病证的特点为、、、、、。

12. 外伤包括、、、、、、、和等。

13. 虫兽伤包括、、三类。

14. 正气与邪气之间矛盾斗争的辩证关系,主要体现为和这样相互联系着的两方面的内容。

15. 以发病原理言之,是发病的重要条件,是发病的内部因素。

答案:1辨证求因2主动3易伤津液燥易伤肺4暑火5风寒湿6传染性强发病急骤病情危笃一气一病症状相似7从心而发直接伤及内脏影响脏腑气机多发为情志病病势变化与情志关系密切8劳力过度劳神过度房劳过度9饥饱失常饮食不洁饮食偏嗜10稠浊者清稀者11疼痛肿块出血紫绀舌质紫暗脉涩或结代12枪弹金刃伤跌打损伤持重努伤烧烫伤冻伤溺水虫兽伤雷击伤13虫螫伤兽咬伤毒蛇咬伤14邪气损正正气抗邪15邪正正气不足1.最早提出“六气病源说”的是A.《黄帝内经》B.《伤寒杂病论》C.《神农本草经》D.《难经》E.《左传》答案:1.E2.《素问?脉要精微论》所说“四变之动,脉与之上下”,主要反映了A.人体自身的完整性B.人与自然环境的统一性C.人与社会环境的统一性D.辨证论治E.以上都不是答案:2.B3.《灵枢?五癃津液别》所说“天寒衣薄则为溺与气,天暑衣厚则为汗”,说明了A.人体自身的完整性B.自然环境对人体生理的影响C.社会环境对人体生理的影响D.自然环境对人体病理的影响E.社会环境对人体病理的影响答案:3.B4.《素问?疏五过论》所说“尝贵后贱”可致“脱营”,体现了A.人体自身的完整性B.自然环境对人体生理的影响C.社会环境对人体生理的影响D.自然环境对人体病理的影响E.社会环境对人体病理的影响答案:4.E5. 中医学的基本特点是A.五脏为中心的整体观B.阴阳五行和脏腑经络C.整体观念和辨证论治D.望闻问切和辨证论治E.辨证求因和审因论治答案:5.C6.人是一个有机的整体,其中心是A.五脏B.六腑C. 经络D.命门E.脑答案:6.A7. 中医学关于“证”的概念是A.对阴阳气血失调临床表现的概括B.对疾病症状与体征的鉴别概括C.对疾病表现症状的综合概括D.对疾病症状与体征的分析概括E.对疾病发展过程中某一阶段的病理概括答案:7.E8. 中医认识和治疗疾病的主要依据是A.病种B.病名C.症状D.体征E.证候答案:8.E9.属于中医学防治特点的确切表述是A.同病异治B.异病同治C.审因论治D.辨证论治E.防重于治答案:9.E10. 中医理论中阴阳的概念是A.代表相互对立的两种事物B.代表相互关联的两种事物C.中国古代哲学的一对范畴D.对事物矛盾双方的概括E.自然界相互对立又相互关联事物答案:10.E11.“动极者,镇之以静;阴亢者,胜之以阳”是A.阴阳对立制约B.阴阳互根互用C.阴阳消长平衡D.阴阳相互转化E.阴阳相互交感答案:11.A12.“阴在内,阳之守也;阳在外,阴之使也”是说明A.阴阳的相互对立B.阴阳互根互用C.阴阳的相互消长D.阴阳相互转化E.阴阳的相互平衡答案:12.B13.“阴中求阳,阳中求阴”治法的理论依据是A.阴阳对立制约B.阴阳互根互用C.阴阳协调平衡D.阴阳相互转化E.阴阳互为消长答案:13.B14.阴阳交感是指A.阴阳二气的运动B.阴阳二气的和谐状态C.阴阳二气相互对立的状态D.阴阳二气相互感应E.阴阳二气在运动中相互感应而交合的过程答案:14.E15.适用于“益火之源,以消阴翳”的治法是A.实寒证B.实热证C.虚寒证D.虚热证E.阴阳两虚证答案:15.C16.“寒极生热,热极生寒”指的是A.阴阳对立制约B.阴阳互根互用C.阴阳协调平衡D.阴阳相互转化E.阴阳互为消长答案:16.D17.肺的阴阳属性是A.阳中之阳B.阳中之阴C.阴中之阴D.阴中之阳E.阳中之至阳答案:17.B18.脾的阴阳属性是A.阴中之阴B.阴中之阳C.阴中之至阴D.阳中之阴E.阳中之阳答案:18.C19.最易导致实热证的阴阳失调是A.阳偏胜B.阳偏衰C.阴偏胜D.阴偏衰E.阴胜阳病答案:19.A20.最易导致实寒证的阴阳失调是A.阳偏盛B.阴偏盛C.阳盛格阴D.阳损及阴E.阳胜阴病答案:20.B21.适合治疗阴偏衰的治法是A.阳病治阴B.阴病治阳C.阴中求阳D.阳病治阳E.阴病治阴答案:21.A22.适合治疗阳偏衰的治法是A.阴病治阳B.阳病治阴C.阴病治阴D.阳病治阳E.阴中求阳答案:22.A23.五行中“木”的特性是A.炎上B.润下C.稼穑D.曲直E.从革答案:23.D24.“见肝之病,知肝传脾”,从五行之间的关系看,其所指内容是A.木疏土B.木克土C.木乘土D.土侮木E.木胜土答案:24.C25泻南补北法适用于A.肾阴虚而相火妄动B.心阴虚而心阳亢C.肾阴虚而心火旺D.肾阴虚而肝阳亢E.肾阳虚而心火旺答案:25.C26.五行中“土”的特性是A.炎上B.润下C.稼穑D.曲直E.从革答案:26.C27.五行中,具有“炎上”特性的是A.木B.火C.土D.金E.水答案:27.B28.五行中,具有“润下”特性的是A.水B.火C.木D.金E.土答案:28.A29.五行中,具有“从革”特性的是A.金B.木C.水D.火答案:29.A30.五行中,具有“曲直”特性的是A.木B.火C.土D.金E.水答案:30.A31.五行制化的含义是A.五行相生B.五行相克C.相生相克D.相乘相侮E.乘侮制化答案:31.C32.五行相生关系中,木的“我生”是A.木B.土C.火D.水E.金答案:32.C33.五行相生关系中,火的“生我”是A.金B.木C.水D.火E.土答案:33E34.五行中“木”的“母”行是A.木B.火C.土D.金E.水答案:34.E35.五行中,“水”的“子”是A.金B.木C.水D.火E.土答案:35.B36.五行相克关系中,金的“我克”是A.木B.火C.土D.金E.水答案:36.A37.五行相克关系中,水的“克我”是A.木B.火C.土D.金E.水答案:37.C38.五行相克关系中,金的“所胜”是A.土B.金C.水答案:38.D39.水的所不胜是A.木B.土C.火D.金E.水答案:39.B40.“木火刑金”是指A.肝火灼伤肺金B.心火灼伤肺金C.心肝火旺伤肺D.肺阴虚,心火旺E.肝阴虚,心火旺答案:40.A【典型试题】一、选择题(一)A型题1.学习中医学的入门课程是:A.医古文B.中医基础理论C.中医临床医学D.中医预防医学E.中国医学史2.中医学是发源于哪个国家的传统医学:A.中国B.日本C.印度D.埃及E.古希腊3.我国现存医学文献中最早的一部典籍是:A.《伤寒杂病论》B.《黄帝内经》C.《难经》D.《神农本草经》E.《温疫论》4.下列哪部著作提出以解剖方法直接观察人体:A.《伤寒论》B.《金匮要略》C.《黄帝内经》D.《神农本草经》E.《难经》5.中医学中成功运用辨证论治的第一部专著是:A.《黄帝内经》B.《难经》C.《神农本草经》D.《伤寒杂病论》E.《小儿药证直诀》6.我国第一部药物学专著是:A.《本草纲目》B.《新修本草》C.《黄帝内经》D.《千金要方》E.《神农本草经》7.药物的“四气”、“五味”是在哪部著作中首次提出的:A.《神农本草经》B.《本草纲目》C.《新修本草》D.《难经》E.《医学纲目》8.最早提出“七情和合”药物配伍的著作是:A.《神农本草经》B.《本草纲目》C.《新修本草》D.《难经》E.《千金要方》9.我国第一部病因病机证候学专著是:A.《黄帝内经》B.《难经》C.《诸病源候论》D.《三因极一病证方论》E.《温病条辨》10.提出病因“三因学说”的医家是:A.巢元方B.华佗C.张仲景D.陈无择E.扁鹊11.下列著名医家中被称为“寒凉派”的代表是:A.叶天士B.张从正C.刘完素D.朱丹溪E.李杲12.下列著名医家中被称为“攻邪派”的代表是:A.李杲B.李中梓C.吴又可D.张子和E.王清任13.下列著名医家中被称为“补土派”的代表是:A.叶天士B.李东垣C.李中梓D.张介宾E.朱丹溪14.下列著名医家中被称为“养阴派”的代表是:A.朱震亨B.李东垣C.张从正D.刘完素E.吴鞠通15.提出“百病多因痰作祟”的医家是:A.李中梓B.朱丹溪C.李东垣D.张介宾E.赵献可16.倡“阳常有余,阴常不足”理论的医家是:A.刘完素B.张子和C.李东垣’D.朱丹溪E.张介宾17.明确提出“肾为先天本,脾为后天本”的医家是:A.李中梓B.赵献可C.张介宾D.李东垣E.朱震亨18.《温疫论》的作者是:A.叶天士B.吴鞠通C.薛生白D.王孟英E.吴又可19.创“卫气营血”辨证的温病大家是:A.吴鞠通B.吴有性C.王孟英D.叶天士E.薛生白20.创“三焦”辨证的温病大家是:A.叶天士B.吴鞠通C.薛生白D.王孟英E.余师愚21.提倡中西汇通的医家是:A.吴有性B.王清任C.张锡纯D.李中梓E.王孟英22.中医学认为人体的主宰是:A.心 D.肺 C.脾 D.肝 E.肾23.中医学认为构成人体有机整体的中心是:A.命门B.脑C.五脏D.六腑E.经络24.重视解剖,发展了瘀血致病理论的医家是:A.叶天士B.王叔和C.张介宾D.王清任E.李杲25.中医诊治疾病,在辨病辨证和对症治疗中,主要着眼于:A.病B.症C.体征D.证E.病因(二)B型题A.《黄帝内经》B.《难经》C.《伤寒论》D.《金匮要略》E.《神农本草经》1.以脏腑病机论杂病的著作是:2.提出六经分经辨证治疗原则的著作是:3.奠定中药理论体系的著作是:A.《古今图书集成·医部全录》B.《医宗金鉴》C.《证治准绳》D.《医学纲目》E.《千金要方》4.清代国家组织编写的著作是:5.明清时期集大成的著作中,系王肯堂所著者为:6.明清时期集大成的著作中,系陈梦雷主编者为:A.“旦慧、昼安、夕加、夜甚”B.“春善病鼽衄”C.“平旦人气生,日中而阳气隆”D.东南湿热,西北燥寒E.“天暑衣厚则腠理开,故汗出”7.昼夜晨昏对人体生理的影响可反映为:8.昼夜晨昏对人体一般疾病的影响多为:9.季节气候对发病的影响可反映为:(三)D型题1.秋冬气候寒凉,人体在生理上可反映为:A.江南地区,人体腠理多稀疏B.北方地区,人体腠理多致密C.阴盛则寒D.皮肤致密,少汗多尿E.阳气收敛,气血易趋于里2.人与环境密切联系的体现是:A.人和自然界的统一性B.社会的进步C.人和社会关系密切D.地区不同多发病不同E.个人的社会地位改变3.古人探求生命奥秘及人体与自然环境的关系,所采用的观察方法主要有:A.宏观观察法B.微观观察法C.直接观察法D.试探法E.整体观察法(四)X型题1.中医学独特理论体系的特征是:A.治未病B.以整体观念为主导思想C.以辨证论治为诊疗特点D.以精气阴阳五行学说为哲学基础E.以精气血津液及脏腑经络的生理病理为基础2.明代提出命门学说的医家是:A.李中梓B.张景岳C.赵献可D.吴又可E.王肯堂3.温病学理论源于:A.《温疫论》B.《三因极一病证方沦》C.《内经》D.《伤寒杂病论》E.《难经》4.常被称为“中医四大经典”的著作是:A.《难经》B.《内经》C.《伤寒杂病论》D.《神农本草经》E.《干金要方》5.人和自然界的统一性包括:A.社会制度对人体的影响B.季节气候对人体的影响C.地区方域对人体的影响D.昼夜晨昏对人体的影响E.社会的治和乱对人体的影响6.人体是一个有机整体体现在:A. 形神一体观B.五脏一体观C.病理上相互影响、传变D.“病在上者下取之”E.“从阴引阳,从阳引阴”7.中医的“证”包括:A.病变的过程B.病变的原因C.病变的部位D.病变的性质E.邪正的关系8.哪些著作的成书是中医学理论体系初步形成的标志:A.《诸病源候论》B.《伤寒杂病论》C.《黄帝内经》D.《难经》E.《神农本草经》二、填空题1.我国现存最早的医学巨著是。

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