南大微观经济学第二次作业答案
《微观经济学》第二次作业答案
《微观经济学》第二次作业答案1．（1）可变成本部分：Q3-10Q2+17Q，不变成本部分：66（2）TVC(Q)＝Q3-10Q2+17Q，SAC(Q)＝Q2-10Q+17＋66/Q，AVC(Q)＝Q2-10Q+17，AFC(Q)＝66/Q，SMC(Q)＝3Q2-20Q+17（3）由SAC(Q)＝SMC(Q)，即Q2-10Q+17＋66/Q＝3Q2-20Q+17得Q＝5或由ｄSAC/ｄQ＝2Q-10＝0得Q＝5时平均可变成本最小。
2．（1）证明：f(λL，λK)=(λL0.5)(λK0.5)=λL0.5K0.5=λQ即生产要素L和K同时增加到λL和λK，产量相应地也增加到λQ，产量增加的幅度与生产要素增加的幅度一样，因此，该生产过程处于规模报酬不变阶段。
（2）证明：对L和K求偏导得MP L=0.5L-0.5K0.5 ，MP K=0.5L0.5K-0.5再就L对MP L求导得-0.25L-1.5K0.5<0，就K对MP K求导得-0.25L0.5K-1.5<0因为MP L和MP K的一阶导数都小于0，所以，生产要素L和K都受边际收益递减规律的支配。
3．(1)当K＝10时，Q=10L一0.5L2—32则AP L=10一0.5L—32/L，MP L=10一L(2)当MP L=10一L=0，即L=10时，最大的总产量为18。
当d AP L/d L=10一0.5L—32/L＝0，可解出L＝8时，最大的平均产量为2。
当L＝0时，最大的边际产量为10。
（3）由d AP L/d L＝ｄ(TP L/L)/dL=(MP L一AP L)/L=0，得知，AP L达到极大值时，MP L=AP L 即L＝8时，最大的平均产量AP L为2；此时，MP L=10一L=2；即AP L=MP L=2。
4．(1)由于Q=L2/3K1/3，对L和K分别求偏导得：MP L=2/3L-1/3K1/3，MP K=1/3L2/3K-2/3由MP L/MP K=w/r，即(2/3L-1/3K1/3)/(1/3L2/3K-2/3)=2/1，得L=K ①由C=wL+rK，得3000=2K+L ②解式①②组成的方程组，可得K=L=1000，Q=L2/3K1/3=1000(2)Q=800时，有方程：800=L2/3K1/3③解①③组成的方程组，可得K=L=800，C=2L+K=24005．(1)SMCi=0.2qi+1，A VCi=0.1qi+1，由SMCi=A VCi，得qi=0故企业的短期供给函数为：P=0.2qi+1或qi=5P-5(2)行业的短期供给函数为：Qs=500P-500(3)由Qd=-400P+4000和Qs=500P-500，解出：Qe=2000，Pe=5(4)征税后，行业供给函数为：Qs=500(P-0.9)-500，而需求函数仍然是：Qd=-400P+4000解出：Qe’=1800，Pe’=5.5征税后，均衡产量减少200，均衡价格上升0.5。
微观经济学2A——参考答案
《微观经济学》参考答案（2A）一、名词解释（每小题2分，共10分）生产函数：在一定时间内，技术水平不变的情况下，生产要素投入量与最大产量之间的关系。
沉没成本：沉淀成本是指过去决策发生的，而不能通过现在或未来决策改变的成本。
生产者剩余：厂商实际接受的总价格与愿意接受总价格的差额边际收益产品：生产者每增加一单位要素的使用量带来的收益，等于MP*MR。
巴累托改进：如果既定的资源状态的改变使得至少有一个人的状况变好，而没有使其他任何人的状况变坏，那么这样的资源重新配置就是巴累托改进。
二、单项选择题（从下列各题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将其代号写在题中的括号内。
答案选错或未选者，该题不得分。
每小题1分，共10分）1、A 2、B 3、C 4、B 5、C 6、B 7、D 8、A 9、D 10、C 1．某月内，X商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升，分别引起X商品的需求量变动50单位和80单位，则在它们的共同作用下该月X商品的需求量（）A 减少30单位B 增加30单位C增加130单位D减少130单位2．用于制造滑雪板的原料成本上涨，这会导致滑雪板市场的（）A需求曲线右移B供给曲线左移C供给、需求曲线均左移D供给、需求曲线均不移动3．同一条无差异曲线上的不同点表示（）A效用水平不同，但消费两种商品的组合比例相同B 效用水平不同，消费两种商品的组合比例也不同C效用水平相同，但消费两种商品的组合比例不同D效用水平相同，消费两种商品的组合比例也相同4．其他条件不变时，当消费者收入水平提高，预算线会（）A向左平移B向右平移C不动D不确定5．正常物品价格上升导致需求量减少的原因在于（）A替代效应使需求量增加，收入效应使需求量减少B替代效应使需求量增加，收入效应使需求量增加C替代效应使需求量减少，收入效应使需求量减少D替代效应使需求量减少，收入效应使需求量增加6．某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬，这部分资金被视为（）A显成本B隐成本C经济利润D可变成本7．在MR=MC的均衡产量上，企业（）A必然得到最大利润B不可能亏损C必然得到最小的亏损D若获利润，则利润最大，若亏损，则亏损最小8．学校里一块新的停车场地的机会成本是（）A用于其他用途所产生的最大收益与停车场的建造成本之和B 由此引发的所有费用C建造停车场的劳动薪水D停车场的收益9．如果在厂商的短期均衡产量上，AR小于SAC，但大于AVC，则厂商（）A亏损，立即停产B 获得正常利润，继续生产C亏损，生产不生产都可以D亏损，但继续生产10．假定在完全竞争的要素市场上，要素的价格、产品的价格和要素的边际收益均等于4元，此时厂商得到了最大利润，则该要素的边际产量为（）A 2B 4C 1D不确定三、判断题（判断下列命题的正误，你认为正确的就在其题号后的括号内打“√”，错误的打“×”。
南京大学网络教育 微观经济学高起专
B、P=2，Q=14
Ｃ、P=3，Q=13ﻫＤ、P＝4，Ｑ＝12ﻫ
学员答案:Cﻫ本题得分：２
题号:3题型：单选题(请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数：2
内容:ﻫ假定两个职工一个工作日可以生产200公斤大饼,六个职工一个工作日可以生产40０公斤大饼,则
A、平均可变成本是下降的
内容:ﻫ在生产者均衡点上,以下说法正确的是ﻫＡ、等产量曲线与等成本曲线相切
B、劳动对资本的边际技术替代率等于劳动的价格与资本的价格之比ﻫＣ、劳动的边际产量与劳动的价格之比等于资本的边际产量与资本的价格之比
Ｄ、以上均不正确ﻫﻫ学员答案:ABC
本题得分:4
题号：18题型：多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案,答案可以是多个）本题分数：4ﻫ内容：
B、放弃２单位的X而获得1单位的ＹﻫC、放弃１单位的X而获得1单位的Y
D、放弃1。５单位的X而获得１单位的Yﻫ
学员答案:Ｂ
本题得分:2
题号：5题型：单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案)本题分数:２ﻫ内容：ﻫ如果一项投入品的平均产量高于其边际产量，则（）
Ａ、随着投入的增加，边际产量增加ﻫＢ、边际产量将向平均产量趋近ﻫC、随着投入的增加,平均产量一定增加
学员答案：１
本题得分：3
题号：３２题型：判断题本题分数:3
内容：ﻫ垂直的需求曲线说明消费者对此商品的需求数量为零。（）ﻫ1、错
2、对ﻫﻫ学员答案:1ﻫ本题得分:３
题号:33题型：判断题本题分数:3ﻫ内容：ﻫ汽车的价格下降,会使汽油的需求曲线向左下方移动.（）ﻫ1、错ﻫ2、对ﻫﻫ学员答案：1
本题得分：3
D、平均产量将随投入的增加而降低
ﻫ学员答案：Dﻫ本题得分：2
04531《微观经济学》课后练习各章节答案
《微观经济学》课后练习各章节答案第一章导言基本概念1.稀缺性2.经济学3.实证分析4.规范分析5.机会成本6.生产可能性边界答案1.稀缺性：稀缺性是指社会提供的东西少于人们想拥有的。
2.经济学：经济学是关于人们和社会怎样处理稀缺性的研究。
经济学分为微观经济学和宏观经济学两大分支。
微观经济学是研究个体经济单位的行为，这些个体经济单位包括了任何参与经济运行的个人和实体。
宏观经济学着眼于经济总量和经济的总体运行的研究。
3.实证分析：实证分析是根据一定的假设，分析世界是什么，涉及解释和预测。
4.规范分析：规范分析是企图描述经济体系应该如何运行。
5.机会成本：某物品的机会成本就是为了获得它而放弃的另外选择的最高价值或收入。
6.生产可能性边界：对于给定的固定数量的土地、劳动和其他投入品，一个企业或者一个国家能够生产的物品和劳务的最大数量称为它的生产可能性边界。
选择题1.经济学可定义为( )A.政府对市场制度的干预B.企业赚取利润的活动C.研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题D.学习变得更无私以解决稀缺性问题2．“资源是稀缺的”是指( )A.资源是不可再生的B.资源必须留给下一代C.资源终将被耗费殆尽D.相对于需求而言，资源总是不足的3.失业问题反映在生产可能性边界图上，表现为( )A.生产可能性边界内的一点B.生产可能性边界上的一点C.生产可能性边界以外的一点D.不在该平面直角坐标系上4.一个经济体系必须回答的基本问题是( )A.生产什么，生产多少B.如何生产C.为谁生产D.以上都包括5.下面哪一句是实证的表述( )A.通货膨胀对经济发展有利B.通货膨胀对经济发展不利C.只有控制货币量才能抑制通货膨胀D.治理通货膨胀比减少失业更重要6.下面哪一句是规范的表述( )A.由于收入水平低，绝大多数中国人还买不起小轿车B.随着收入水平的提高，拥有小轿车的人会越来越多C.鼓励私人购买小轿车有利于促进我国汽车工业的发展D.提倡轿车文明是盲目向西方学习，不适于我国国情7．“富人的所得税税率比穷人高”是( )A.规范的表述B.实证的表述C.否定的表述D.理论的表述8.小王的时间既可以听一次经济学讲座也可以打一场网球。
微观经济学课后练习题参考答案二
第二章供需理论一、选择题二、名词解释1、需求：是指在某一特定时期内，在各种可能的价格上，人们愿意而且能够购买的商品的数量。
四层含义①建立在购买（支付）能力的基础上②涉及P和Q 两个变量。
③非实际购买量，只是计划购买量。
④时间概念2、需求规律：又称需求铁律，是指在其他条件不变的前提下，当商品的价格上升时，商品的需求量下降；反之，当商品的价格下降时，商品的需求量上升。
即商品的价格与商品的需求量成反比例变化。
3、需求的变动：是指商品自身价格之外的其它因素变化引起该商品需求量的变化。
需求的变动伴随着需求表、曲线和函数的变化。
4、供给：是指生产者（厂商）在一定时期和各种可能的价格上，原意而且能够提供的某种商品的数量。
有四层含义①原意并有实际的供给能力。
②涉及两个变量P，Q③并不是实际出售量，而是计划的出售量。
④时间概念。
5、供给的变动：供给的变动是由于本身价格之外的其他因素变化所引起的该商品供给量的变化。
供给的变动伴随着供给表的变化和需求曲线的移动。
6、点弹性：弹性原是物理学上的概念，意指某一物体对外界力量的反应力。
用于经济学，其含义是指经济因变量对经济自变量变动的反应程度，点弹性是指经济变量变动的非常微小的弹性。
其弹性系数公式用微分表示。
7、弧弹性：是指经济变量取值于某一区间的平均弹性，在弹性系数的计算公式中，经济自变量和经济因变量都取值于区间端点的平均值。
例如需求价格的弧弹性公式：△Q （P1+P2）/2 △Q P1+P2Ed= ──·───── = ──·───△P （Q1+Q2）/2 △P Q1+Q28、需求的价格弹性：又称需求弹性，指在一定时期内一种商品的需求量对于其价格变动的反应程度。
其弹性系数等于需求量变动的百分比除以价格变动的百分比。
公式：需求量变动的百分比△Q/Q △Q PEd= ────────── = ─── = ──·──价格变动的百分比△P/P △P Q9、替代品：所谓替代品就是指在效用上能相互替代的商品。
(完整版)微观经济学第二章课后习题答案.doc
第二章需求、供给和均衡价格1.解 :（1）将需求函数Q d= 50-5P 和供给函数Q s=-10+5P 代入均衡条件Q d=Q s , 有 :50- 5P= -10+5P 得 : Pe=6以均衡价格 Pe =6 代入需求函数Q d=50-5p , 得 : Qe=50-5 × 6或者 , 以均衡价格 Pe =6 代入供给函数Q s =-10+5P , 得 :Qe=-10+5 × 6所以 , 均衡价格和均衡数量分别为Pe =6 , Qe=20图略 .（2）将由于消费者收入提高而产生的需求函数Q d=60-5p 和原供给函数 Q s=-10+5P, 代入均衡条件 Q d= Q s有 : 60-5P=-10+5P 解得 Pe =7以均衡价格 Pe =7 代入 Q d=60-5p , 得 Qe=25或者 , 以均衡价格 Pe =7 代入 Qs =-10+5P, 得 Qe=25所以 , 均衡价格和均衡数量分别为Pe =7 ， Qe=25（3）将原需求函数 Q d=50-5p 和由于技术水平提高而产生的供给函数Q s=-5+5p , 代入均衡条件 Q =Q , 有 : 50-5P=-5+5P 得 P =5.5ds e以均衡价格Pe=5.5 代入 Q d =50-5p,得 Qe=50-5× 5.5=22.5所以 , 均衡价格和均衡数量分别为Pe=5.5 ，Qe=22.5 图略。
（4）（ 5）略2.解：(1)根据中点公式计算， e d=1.5(2)由于当 P=2 时， Q d=500-100*2=300,所以，有：dQ P 2 2d. ( 100)edP Q 300 3（3）作图，在 a 点 P=2 时的需求的价格点弹性为： e =GB/OG=2/3或者 e =FO/AF=2/3d d显然，利用几何方法求出P=2 时的需求的价格弹性系数和（2）中根据定义公式求出结果是相同的，都是 e d =2/33 解 :(1) 根据中点公式求得： e s 4 3(2) 由于当 P=3 时， Qs=-2+2 ×3=4 ，所以dQ P 3e s .2 1.5dP Q 4(3) 作图，在 a 点即 P=3 时的供给的价格点弹性为：e s=AB/OB=1.5显然，在此利用几何方法求出的P=3 时的供给的价格点弹性系数和（2）中根据定义公式求出的结果是相同的，都是e s=1.54.解：(1)根据需求的价格点弹性的几何方法, 可以很方便地推知 : 分别处于不同的线性需求曲线上的 a、 b、 e 三点的需求的价格点弹性是相等的, 其理由在于 , 在这三点上都有 : e d=FO/AF （2）根据求需求的价格点弹性的几何方法, 同样可以很方便地推知: 分别处于三条线性需求曲线上的 a、 e、 f 三点的需求的价格点弹性是不相等的, 且有 e da<e df <e de其理由在于 : da在 a 点有， e =GB/OG在 f 点有， e df =GC/OG在 e 点有， e de=GD/OG在以上三式中 , 由于 GB<GC<GD所以 e <e <ededa df5．解：（1）不相等。
南京大学2019微观经济学第2次作业
答案+我名字首页> 课程作业题号:1 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2两种商品中如果其中一种商品的价格发生变化时，消费者对两种商品的购买量同时增加或减少，则这两种商品的交叉需求价格弹性系数为a、0b、1c、小于0d、大于0题号:2 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2当LAC曲线下降时，LAC曲线切于SAC曲线的最低点。
这种说法a、总是对的b、决不对c、有时对d、不能判断题号:3 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2垄断竞争厂商在长期均衡点上，长期平均成本曲线处于（）a、上升阶段b、下降阶段c、水平阶段d、无法确定题号:4 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2当完全竞争的企业和行业都处于长期均衡时，则（）a、这时的价格就为零利润价格b、P=MCc、P等于最低长期平均成本点d、以上说法都对题号:5 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2在古诺竞争中，厂商假定其对手的（）是固定的？a、产量b、价格c、利润d、成本题号:6 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2在完全竞争市场上，厂商的短期均衡条件是( )a、P=ARb、P=MCc、P=MRd、P=AC题号:7 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2在古诺假定下，如果厂商数量增加，则（）a、每一个厂商的产量将增加b、行业产量增加，价格降到竞争时的水平c、市场价格接近勾结时的价格d、垄断者的行为更倾向于勾结题号:8 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 成本递增行业的长期供给曲线是( )a、水平直线b、垂直于横轴的c、自左向右上倾斜d、自左向右下倾斜题号:9 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 卡特尔制定统一价格的原则是（）a、使整个卡特尔的产量最大b、使整个卡特尔的利润最大c、使整个卡特尔的成本最小d、使整个卡特尔中各厂商的利润最大题号:10 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 一般地，什么情况下厂商会停止营业？a、厂商得到的价格低于平均成本b、厂商得到的价格低于边际成本c、厂商得到的价格低于平均可变成本d、厂商得到的价格低于平均固定成本题号:11 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 垄断竞争厂商在短期均衡时（）a、厂商一定可以获得超额利润b、厂商肯定无法获得超额利润c、厂商只能得到正常利润d、厂商可能取得超额利润，也可能发生亏损，也可能获得正常利润题号:12 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 对完全垄断厂商来说（）a、降低价格一定会减少收益b、提高价格一定会增加收益c、提高价格不一定增加收益，降低价格也不一定减少收益d、以上都不对题号:13 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 短期平均成本曲线呈U型，是因为a、外在经济b、内在经济c、规模经济d、边际收益递减规律题号:14 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2 完全垄断厂商的均衡生产量a、大于最低平均成本的产量b、等于最低平均成本的产量c、小于最低平均成本的产量d、上述都有可能题号:15 题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2经济学所要解决的问题是a、消费者均衡b、资源利用c、资源配置d、国民收入决定题号:16 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4根据行业产量变化对生产要素的价格可能产生的影响，我们将完全竞争行业区分为a、成本不变行业b、成本递增行业c、成本递减行业d、以上说法都不对题号:17 题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4一个垄断竞争的市场结构，必须具备的条件是。
2016年南大微观经济学第2次作业
下列哪些项是完全竞争行业的特点
A、厂商数量众多
B、同质产品
C、竞争对手之间有激烈的价格竞争
D、厂商可以自由出入这一行业
学员答案:ABD
本题得分:4
题号:22题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4
内容:
厂商要获得超额利润，一定是
A、TR>TC
B、P>AC
B、垂直于横轴的
C、自左向右上倾斜
D、自左向右下倾斜
学员答案:C
本题得分:2
题号:10题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
卡特尔制定统一价格的原则是（）
A、使整个卡特尔的产量最大
B、使整个卡特尔的利润最大
C、使整个卡特尔的成本最小
D、使整个卡特尔中各厂商的利润最大
学员答案:B
本题得分:2
题号:11题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
一般地，什么情况下厂商会停止营业？
A、厂商得到的价格低于平均成本
B、厂商得到的价格低于边际成本
C、厂商得到的价格低于平均可变成本
D、厂商得到的价格低于平均固定成本
学员答案:B
本题得分:0
题号:12题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
垄断竞争行业处于均衡状态时，价格高于最低平均成本。
1、错
2、对
学员答案:2
本题得分:3
题号:33题型:判断题本题分数:3
内容:
边际产出是指增加一个产出单位所需增加的投入的数量
1、错
2、对
学员答案:1
微观经济学第2次作业南大201805
D、不能判断
学员答案：b
说明：
本题得分：2
题号:3题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
当完全竞争的企业和行业都处于长期均衡时，则（）
A、这时的价格就为零利润价格
B、P=MC
C、P等于最低长期平均成本点
B、厂商数目很多，每个厂商的行为不受其竞争对手行为的影响
C、厂商数目很少，每个厂商都必须考虑其竞争对手的行为
D、厂商数目很少，每个厂商的行为不受其竞争对手行为的影响
学员答案：c
说明：
本题得分：2
题号:13题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
对完全垄断厂商来说（）
A、降低价格一定会减少收益
在古诺竞争中，厂商假定其对手的（）是固定的？
A、产量
B、价格
C、利润
D、成本
学员答案：a
说明：
本题得分：2
题号:6题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
垄断竞争和寡头垄断之间最主要的区别是（）
A、厂商之间相互影响的程度不同
B、非价格竞争的数量不同
C、厂商的广告开支不同
D、以上都不对
学员答案：a
说明：
本题得分：2
题号:7题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
在古诺假定下，如果厂商数量增加，则（）
A、每一个厂商的产量将增加
B、行业产量增加，价格降到竞争时的水平
C、市场价格接近勾结时的价格
D、垄断者的行为更倾向于勾结
学员答案：b
说明：
本题得分：2
题号:8题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
微观经济学课后习题参考答案共51页文档
微观经济学课后习题参考答案第一章参考答案：一、名词解释西方经济学：西方经济学是研究既定制度下稀缺资源的配置和利用问题的学科。
机会成本：当把一定的资源用来生产某种产品时所放弃的其他产品的最大收益。
资源配置：是指在各种可供选择的用途中，一个社会如何把经济资源分配到不同的生产部门、不同企业以及不同的社会各成员中，以取得最大的经济效果。
实证分析：主要涉及对经济现象的分析和预测。
规范分析：主要涉及对经济现象做出“好与坏”的判断。
二、选择题BCBCD三、判断题√√√Ｘ√√四、简答题1、请简单介绍微观经济学的基本研究内容。
答:微观经济学研究的基本内容主要有：（1）、均衡价格理论（2）、消费者行为理论（3）、生产者行为理论主要包括：投入-产出理论、成本-收益理论和市场实现理论。
而市场实现理论是生产者行为理论的第三个部分，分析不同市场中生产者利润最大化的实现问题。
这里的不同市场是指：完全竞争市场和不完全竞争市场。
（4）、生产要素市场理论，由生产要素的需求理论和生产要素的供给理论组成。
（5）、一般均衡论和福利经济学（6）、市场失灵和微观经济政策2、西方经济学中的实证分析和规范分析有什么区别？请举例说明。
答：两者的区别：（1）实证经济学企图超脱和排斥一切价值判断，只研究经济本身的内在规律，并根据这些规律，分析和预测人们经济行为的效果。
规范经济学则以一定的价值判断为基础，是以某些标准来分析处理经济问题，树立经济理论的前提，作为制定经济政策的依据，并研究如何才能符合这些标准；（2）实证经济学所要回答的是“是什么”的问题，或者是“对经济问题如何解决”；规范经济学是以一定的价值判断为基础，提出某些准则，作为判断经济事物的好坏以及制定经济政策的依据，它力求说明的是“应该是什么”的问题，或者是“对经济问题应该如何解决”；（3）实证经济学排斥一切价值判断，只研究经济本身的内在规律，因此实证经济的内容具有客观性，即不以人们的意志为转移，所得的结论可以根据事实来进行检验。
《微观经济学》阶段练习二及答案.docx
华东理工大学网络教育学院《微观经济学》课程阶段练习二（第四章——第五章）一、单项选择题1、对于--种商品，消费者想要有的数量都已有了，这时，（）0A.边际效用最大；B.边际效用为零；C.总效用为零；D边际效用为负2、如果商品X对于商品Y的边际替代率MRS小于X和Y的价格之比P（X）/P（Y）,则（）A、该消费者获得了最大效用；B、该消费者应该增加X的消费，减少Y的消费；C、应该调整X和Y的价格；D、该消费者应该减少X的消费，增加Y的消费；3、序数效用论认为，商品效用的大小（）oA.取决于它的使用价值；B.取决于它的价格；C.不可比较；D.可以比较4、无差异Illi线的形状取决于（）。
A.消费者偏好；B.消费者收入；C.所购商品的价格；D.商品效用水平的大小5、某个消费者的无差异曲线图包含无数条无差异曲线，因为（）。
A.收入有时高，有时低；B.欲望是无限的；C.消费者人数是无限的；D.商品的数量是无限的6、边际成本低于平均成本吋（）0A.平均成本上升；B.平均可变成木口J能上升也可能下降；C.总成木下降；D.平均可变成本上升。
7、短期平均成本曲线成为U形的原因与（）。
A.规模报酬有关；B.外部经济与不经济冇关；C.要素的边际生产率有关；D.固定成本与可变成本所占比重有关。
8、长期平均成本曲线成为U形的原因（）。
A.规模报酬有关；B.外部经济与不经济有关；C.要素的边际生产率有关；D.固定成本与可变成本所占比重有关。
9、如果以利润授大化为冃标的企业的边际收益小于边际成本，那么，该企业（）A、应该增加其产最B、应该减少其产量C、必然获得经济利润D、必然处于亏损状态10、边际技术替代率递减规律表明：当每增加1单位劳动（）A、保持产量不变时，资本量减少较多B、保持产量不变时，资本量减少较少C、如果资木最保持不变，产最就会增加的更多D、如果资本量保持不变，产量的增加会更少二、判断题1、当边际效用为零吋，总效用最小。
(2021年整理)微观经济学习题及答案(2)
(完整版)微观经济学习题及答案(2)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整版)微观经济学习题及答案(2)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为(完整版)微观经济学习题及答案(2)的全部内容。
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同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区,这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
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《微观经济学》习题二（均衡价格理论）1.在得出某棉花种植农户的供给曲线时，下列除哪一个因素以外其余均为常数？A．土壤的肥沃程度B．技术水平C．棉花的种植面积D．棉花的价格2.消费者预期某物品未来价格上升，则对该物品当前需求会（）。
A.减少 B。
增加C.不变D.上述三种情况都有可能3.下列因素哪一种除外都会使需求曲线移动？（）A.消费者收入变化B.商品价格下降C。
相关商品价格下降 D.消费偏好变化4。
一种商品价格下降对其互补品最直接的影响是( )。
A。
互补品的需求曲线向右移动 B。
互补品的需求曲线向左移动C.互补品的供给曲线向右移动D.互补品的价格上升5.如果某种商品供给曲线的斜率为正，在保持其余因素不变的条件下，该商品价格上升，导致( ）。
微观经济学chapter2-6习题答案.doc
Chapter 2 Thinking Like an EconomistsTRUE OR FALSE1. Economists devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories. (T)2. While the scientific method is applicable to studying natural sciences, it is not applicable to studying a nation’s economy. (F)3. It is difficult for economists to make observations and develop theories, but it is easy for economists to run experiments to generate data to test their theories. (F)4. Good assumptions simplify a problem without substantially affecting the answer. (T)5. Assumptions can simplify the complex world and make it easier to understand. (T)6. Economic models omit many details to allow us to see what is truly important. (T)7. The circular-flow diagram explains, in general terms, how the economy is organized and how participants in the economy interact with one another. (T)8. In the circular-flow diagram, households and firms are the decision makers. (T)9. In the circular-flow diagram, factors of production are the goods and services produced by firms. (F)10. In the circular-flow diagram, firms own the factors of production and use them to produce goods and services. (F)11. In the circular-flow diagram, one loop represents the flow of goods and services, and the other loop represents the flow of factors of production.(F)12. The production possibilities frontier is a graph that shows the various combinations of outputs that the economy can possibly produce given the available factors of production and the available production technology. (T) 13. Refer to Figure 2-1, if this economy uses all its resources in the dishwasher industry, it produces 35 dishwashers and no doghouses. (T) Figure 2-114. Refer to Figure 2-1, it is possible for this economy to produce 75 doghouses. (F)15. Refer to Figure 2-1, it is possible for this economy to produce 30 doghouses and 20 dishwashers. (T)16. Refer to Figure 2-1, it is possible for this economy to produce 45 doghouses and 30 dishwashers. (F)17. Refer to Figure 2-1, unemployment could cause this economy to produce at point B. (T)18. Refer to Figure 2-1, the opportunity cost of moving from point A to pointD is 10 dishwashers. (T)19. Refer to Figure 2-1, the opportunity cost of moving from point B to pointD is 15 doghouses. (F)20. Refer to Figure 2-1, the opportunity cost of an additional doghouse increases as more doghouses are produced. (T)21. If an economy can produce more of one good without giving up any of another good, then the economy’s current production point is inefficient. (T) 22. When a production possibilities frontier is bowed outward, the opportunity cost of the first good in terms of the second good increases as more of the second good is produced. (F)23. A production possibilities frontier will be bowed outward if some of the economy’s resources are better suited to producing one good than another. (T)24. While the production possibilities frontier is a useful model, it cannot be used to illustrate economic growth. (F)25. Microeconomics is the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in specific markets. (T)26. Macroeconomics is the study of economy-wide phenomena. (T)27. Economists acting as scientists make positive statements, while economists acting as policy advisers make normative statements. (T)28. Normative statements describe how the world is, while positive statements prescribe how the world should be. (F)29. "Other things equal, an increase in supply causes a decrease in price"is a normative statement, not a positive statement. (F)30. There is only one explanation for why economists give conflicting advice on policy issues, and it is that they have different values about what policy should try to accomplish. (F)31. The slope of a line is equal to the change in the x-variable divided by the change in the y-variable. (F)Chapter 3 Interdependence And The Gains From TradeTRUE OR FALSE1. Interdependence among individuals and interdependence among nations are both based on the gains from trade. (T)2. If a person chooses self-sufficiency, then she can only consume what she produces. (T)3. If Wrex can produce more math problems per hour and more book reports per hour than Maxine can, then Wrex cannot gain from trading math problems and book reports with Maxine. (F)4. Trade allows a country to consume outside its production possibilities frontier. (T)5. Opportunity cost refers to how many inputs a producer requires to producea good. (F)6. Opportunity cost measures the trade-off between two goods that each producer faces. (T)7. For a country producing two goods, the opportunity cost of one good will be the inverse of the opportunity cost of the other good. (T)8. If one producer has the absolute advantage in the production of all goods, then that same producer will have the comparative advantage in the production of all goods as well. (F)9. If a country has the comparative advantage in producing a product, then that country must also have the absolute advantage in producing that product.(F)10. If one producer is able to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than some other producer, then the producer with the lower opportunity cost is said to have an absolute advantage in the production of that good. (F) 11. Unless two people who are producing two goods have exactly the same opportunity costs, then one person will have a comparative advantage in one good, and the other person will have a comparative advantage in the other good. (T)12. The principle of comparative advantage states that, regardless of the price at which trade takes place, everyone will benefit from trade if they specialize in the production of the good for which they have a comparative advantage. (F)13. Trade can benefit everyone in society because it allows people to specialize in activities in which they have a comparative advantage. (T) 14. Two countries can achieve gains from trade even if one country has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods. (T)15. As long as two people have different opportunity costs, each can gain from trade with the other, since trade allows each person to obtain a good at a price lower than his or her opportunity cost. (T)16. When each person specializes in producing the good in which he or she has a comparative advantage, each person can gain from trade but total production in the economy is unchanged. (F)17. For both parties to gain from trade, the price at which they trade must lie exactly in the middle of the two opportunity costs. (F)18. David Ricardo was the author of the 1817 book Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. (T)19. International trade may make some individuals in a nation better off, while other individuals are made worse off. (T)20. Trade can make some individuals worse off, even as it makes the country as a whole better off. (T)SHORT ANSWER1. Explain the difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Which is more important in determining trade patterns, absolute advantage or comparative advantage? Why?Absolute advantage refers to productivity, as in the producer who can produce a product at a lower cost in terms of the resources used in production. Comparative advantage refers to the producer who can produce a product at a lower opportunity cost. Comparative advantage is the principle upon which trade patterns are based. Comparative advantage is based on opportunity cost, and opportunity cost measures the real cost to an individual or country of producing a particular product. Opportunity cost is therefore the information necessary for an individual or nation to determine whether to produce a good or buy it from someone else.2. The only two countries in the world, Alpha and Omega, face the following production possibilities frontiers.Alpha’s Production Possibilities Frontier Omega’s Production Possibilities Frontiera. Assume that each country decides to use half of its resources inthe production of each good. Show these points on the graphs foreach country as point A.b. If these countries choose not to trade, what would be the totalworld production of popcorn and peanuts?c. Now suppose that each country decides to specialize in the goodin which each has a comparative advantage. By specializing, whatis the total world production of each product now?d. If each country decides to trade 100 units of popcorn for 100 unitsof peanuts, show on the graphs the gain each country would receivefrom trade. Label these points B.Alpha’s Production Possibilities Frontier Omega’s Production Possibilities Frontiera. Alpha would be producing 125 units of peanuts and 75 units ofpopcorn (point A on its production possibilities frontier) andOmega would be producing 50 units of peanuts and 150 units ofpopcorn (point A on its production possibilities frontier).b. The total world production of peanuts would be 175 units and thetotal world production of popcorn would be 225 units.c. The total world production of peanuts would now be 250 units andthe total world production of popcorn would now be 300 units.d. Alpha would be producing 250 units of peanuts and would trade 100of them to Omega, leaving Alpha with 150 units of peanuts. Alphawould then receive 100 units of popcorn from Omega. Omega wouldbe producing 300 units of popcorn and would trade 100 of them toAlpha, leaving Omega with 200 units of popcorn. Omega would thenreceive 100 units of peanuts from Alpha.Choice1. People who provide you with goods and services (b)a. are acting out of generosity.b. do so because they get something in return.c. have chosen not to become interdependent.d. are required to do so by the government.2. When an economist points out that you and millions of other people are interdependent, he or she is referring to the fact that we all (b)a. rely upon the government to provide us with the basic necessitiesof life.b. rely upon one another for the goods and services we consume.c. have similar tastes and abilities.d. are concerned about one another’s well-being.3. When can two countries gain from trading two goods? (d)a. when the first country can only produce the first good and thesecond country can only produce the second goodb. when the first country can produce both goods, but can only producethe second good at great cost, and the second country can produceboth goods, but can only produce the first good at great costc. when the first country is better at producing both goods and thesecond country is worse at producing both goodsd. Two countries could gain from trading two goods under all of theabove conditions.4. Shannon bakes cookies and Justin grows vegetables. In which of the following cases is it impossible for both Shannon and Justin to benefit from trade? (a)a. Shannon does not like vegetables and Justin does not like cookies.b. Shannon is better than Justin at baking cookies and Justin isbetter than Shannon at growing vegetables.c. Justin is better than Shannon at baking cookies and at growingvegetables.d. Both Shannon and Justin can benefit from trade in all of the abovecases.5. A production possibilities frontier is bowed outward when (d)a. the more resources the economy uses to produce one good, the fewerresources it has available to produce the other good.b. an economy is self-sufficient instead of interdependent andengaged in trade.c. the rate of tradeoff between the two goods being produced isconstant.d. the rate of tradeoff between the two goods being produced dependson how much of each good is being produced.6. The following table contains some production possibilities for an economy for a given month. (d)If the production outward, then “?” could bea. 100.b. 150.c. 200.d. 250.7. Assume for the United States that the opportunity cost of each airplane is 100 cars. Then which of these pairs of points could be on the United States' production possibilities frontier? (c)a. (200 airplanes, 5,000 cars) and (150 airplanes, 4,000 cars)b. (200 airplanes, 10,000 cars) and (150 airplanes, 20,000 cars)c. (300 airplanes, 15,000 cars) and (200 airplanes, 25,000 cars)d. (300 airplanes, 25,000 cars) and (200 airplanes, 40,000 cars)8. What must be given up to obtain an item is called (c)a. out-of-pocket cost.b. comparative worth.c. opportunity cost.d. absolute value.9. A farmer has the ability to grow either corn or cotton or some combination of the two. Given no other information, it follows that the farmer’s opportunity cost of a bushel of corn multiplied by his opportunity cost of a bushel of cotton (c)a. is equal to 0.b. is between 0 and 1.c. is equal to 1.d. is greater than 1.10. If Korea is capable of producing either shoes or soccer balls or some combination of the two, then (d)a. Korea should specialize in the product in which it has an absoluteadvantage.b. it would be impossible for Korea to have an absolute advantage overanother country in both products.c. it would be difficult for Korea to benefit from trade with anothercountry if Korea is efficient in the production of both goods.d. Korea’s opportunity cost of shoes is the inverse of its opportunitycost of soccer balls.11. Mike and Sandy are two woodworkers who both make tables and chairs. In one month, Mike can make 4 tables or 20 chairs, where Sandy can make 6 tables or 18 chairs. Given this, we know that the opportunity cost of 1 chair is (a)a. 1/5 table for Mike and 1/3 table for Sandy.b. 1/5 table for Mike and 3 tables for Sandy.c. 5 tables for Mike and 1/3 table for Sandy.d. 5 tables for Mike and 3 tables for Sandy.12. If Shawn can produce more donuts in one day than Sue can produce in one day, then (c)a. Shawn has a comparative advantage in the production of donuts.b. Sue has a comparative advantage in the production of donuts.c. Shawn has an absolute advantage in the production of donuts.d. Sue has an absolute advantage in the production of donuts.13. Kelly and David are both capable of repairing cars and cooking meals. Which of the following scenarios is not possible? (c)a. Kelly has a comparative advantage in repairing cars and David hasa comparative advantage in cooking meals.b. Kelly has an absolute advantage in repairing cars and David hasan absolute advantage in cooking meals.c. Kelly has a comparative advantage in repairing cars and in cookingmeals.d. David has an absolute advantage in repairing cars and in cookingmeals.14. Comparative advantage is related most closely to which of the following?(b)a. output per hourb. opportunity costc. efficiencyd. bargaining strength in international trade15. Two individuals engage in the same two productive activities. In which of the following circumstances would neither individual have a comparative advantage in either activity? (c)a. One individual’s production possibilities frontier is steeperthan the other individual’s production possibilities frontier.b. One individual is faster at both activities than the otherindividual.c. One individual’s opportunity costs are the same as the otherindividual’s opportunity costs.d. None of the above is correct; one of the two individuals alwayswill have a comparative advantage in at least one of the twoactivities.16. Total output in an economy increases when each person specializes becausea. there is less competition for the same resources.b. each person spends more time producing that product in which heor she has a comparative advantage.c. a wider variety of products will be produced within each countrydue to specialization.d. government necessarily plays a larger role in the economy due tospecialization.17. Which of the following statements is not correct? (d)a. Trade allows for specialization.b. Trade has the potential to benefit all nations.c. Trade allows nations to consume outside of their productionpossibilities curves.d. Absolute advantage is the driving force of specialization.18. By definition, imports are (d)a. people who work in foreign countries.b. goods in which a country has an absolute advantage.c. limits placed on the quantity of goods leaving a country.d. goods produced abroad and sold domestically.19. By definition, exports are (d)a. limits placed on the quantity of goods brought into a country.b. goods in which a country has an absolute advantage.c. people who work in foreign countries.d. goods produced domestically and sold abroad.20. Which of the following would not result from all countries specializing according to the principle of comparative advantage? (d)a. The size of the economic pie would increase.b. Worldwide production of goods and services would increase.c. The well-being of citizens in each country would be enhanced.d. Each country’s production possibilities frontier would shiftoutward.Chapter 4 The Market Forces of Supply and DemandTRUE OR FALSE1. In a market economy, supply and demand determine both the quantity of each good produced and2. the price at which it is sold. (T)3. Prices allocate a market economy’s scarce resources. (T)4. Sellers as a group determine the demand for a product, and buyers as a group determine the supply of a product. (F)5. In a competitive market, the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold are not determined by any single buyer or seller. (T)6. In a perfectly competitive market, the goods offered for sale are all exactly the same. (T)7. The law of demand states that, other things equal, when the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded of the good rises, and when the price falls, the quantity demanded falls. (F)8. The market demand curve shows how the total quantity demanded of a good varies as the income of buyers varies, while all the other factors that affecthow much consumers want to buy are held constant. (F)9. If something happens to alter the quantity demanded at any given price, then the demand curve shifts. (T)10. If the demand for a good falls when income falls, then the good is called an inferior good. (F)11. A decrease in income will shift the demand curve for an inferior good to the right. (T)12. An increase in the price of a substitute good will shift the demand curve for a good to the right. (T)13. A decrease in the price of a complement will shift the demand curve fora good to the left. (F)14. If a person expects the price of socks to increase next month, then that person’s current demand for socks will increase. (T)15. A decrease in the price of a product and an increase in the number of buyers in the market affect the demand curve in the same general way. (F) 16. Whenever a determinant of demand other than price changes, the demand curve shifts. (T)17. The quantity supplied of a good or service is the amount that sellers are willing and able to sell at a particular price. (T)18. When the price of a good is high, selling the good is profitable, and so the quantity supplied is large. (T)19. If something happens to alter the quantity supplied at any given price, then we move along the fixed supply curve to a new quantity supplied. (F)20. A decrease in supply shifts the supply curve to the left. (T)21. A reduction in an input price will cause a change in quantity supplied, but not a change in supply. (F)22. If there is an improvement in the technology used to produce a good, then the supply curve for that good will shift to the left. (F)23. When a seller expects the price of its product to decrease in the future, the seller's supply curve shifts left now. (F)24. When the market price is above the equilibrium price, the quantity of the good demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. (F)25. Price will rise to eliminate a surplus. (F)26. Sellers respond to a shortage by cutting their prices. (F)27. A shortage will occur at any price below equilibrium price and a surplus will occur at any price above equilibrium price. (T)28. In a market, the price of any good adjusts until quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. (T)29. A decrease in demand will cause a decrease in price, which will causea decrease in supply. (F)SHORT ANSWER1.a. What is the difference between a "change in demand" and a "change inquantity demanded?" Graph your answer.b. For each of the following changes, determine whether there will be achange in quantity demanded or a change in demand.i. a change in the price of a related goodii. a change in tastesiii. a change in the number of buyersiv. a change in pricev. a change in consumer expectationsvi. a change in incomea. A change in demand refers to a shift of the demand curve. A changein quantity demanded refers to a movement along a fixed demand curve.b. A change in price causes a change in quantity demanded. All of theother changes listed shift the demand curve.A change in quantity supplied A change insupply2.Suppose we are analyzing the market for hot chocolate. Graphicallyillustrate the impact each of the following would have on demand or supply.Also show how equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity would change.a. Winter starts and the weather turns sharply colder.b. The price of tea, a substitute for hot chocolate, falls.c. The price of cocoa beans decreases.d. The price of whipped cream falls.e. A better method of harvesting cocoa beans is introduced.f. The Surgeon General of the U.S. announces that hot chocolate curesacne.g. Protesting farmers dump millions of gallons of milk, causing theprice of milk to rise.h. Consumer income falls because of a recession, and hot chocolateis considered a normal good.i. Producers expect the price of hot chocolate to increase next month.j. Currently, the price of hot chocolate is $0.50 per cup above equilibrium.(a) (b)(c) (d)(e) (f)(g) (h)(i) (j)In (j), a price above equilibrium will affect both quantity demanded and quantity supplied and will cause a surplus in the market. It will not cause either demand or supply to shift.Fill in the table below, showing whether equilibrium price and equilibriumCHOICE1. Which of the following is an example of a market? (d)a. a gas stationb. a garage salec. a barber shopd. All of the above are examples of markets. (d)2. In a competitive market, the price of a producta. is determined by buyers and the quantity of the product producedis determined by sellers.b. is determined by sellers and the quantity of the product producedis determined by buyers.c. and the quantity of the product produced are both determined bysellers.d. None of the above is correct.3. A downward-sloping demand curve illustrates (d)a. that demand decreases over time.b. that prices fall over time.c. the relationship between income and quantity demanded.d. the law of demand.Table 4-1a. Aaron’sb. Angela’sc. Austin’sd. Alyssa’s5. Refer to Table 4-1. If these are the only four buyers in the market, then the market quantity demanded at a price of $1 is (d)a. 4 units.b. 7.75 units.c. 14 units.d. 31 units.6. When we move along a given demand curve, (c)a. only price is held constant.b. income and price are held constant.c. all nonprice determinants of demand are held constant.d. all determinants of quantity demanded are held constant.7. Which of the following is not held constant in a supply schedule? (c)a. technologyb. the price of the goodc. the prices of inputsd. expectations8. A market supply curve is determined by (b)a. vertically summing individual supply curves.b. horizontally summing individual supply curves.c. finding the average quantity supplied by sellers at each possibleprice.d. finding the average price at which sellers are willing and ableto sell a particular quantity of the good.9. A decrease in quantity supplied (a)a. results in a movement downward and to the left along a fixed supplycurve.b. results in a movement upward and to the right along a fixed supplycurve.c. shifts the supply curve to the left.d. shifts the supply curve to the right.10. Another term for equilibrium price is (b)a. dynamic price.b. market-clearing price.c. quantity-defining price.d. balance price.11. If, at the current price, there is a surplus of a good, then (a)a. sellers are producing more than buyers wish to buy.b. the market must be in equilibrium.c. the price is below the equilibrium price.d. quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.12. If a shortage exists in a market, then we know that the actual price is(c)a. above the equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater thanquantity demanded.b. above the equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater thanquantity supplied.c. below the equilibrium price and quantity demanded is greater thanquantity supplied.d. below the equilibrium price and quantity supplied is greater thanquantity demanded.13. If the demand for a product increases, then we would expect (c)a. equilibrium price to increase and equilibrium quantity todecrease.b. equilibrium price to decrease and equilibrium quantity toincrease.c. equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity both to increase.d. equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity both to decrease.14. If the supply of a product decreases, then we would expect (a)a. equilibrium price to increase and equilibrium quantity todecrease.b. equilibrium price to decrease and equilibrium quantity toincrease.c. equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity both to increase.d. equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity both to decrease.15. When supply and demand both increase, equilibrium (d)a. price will increase.b. price will decrease.c. quantity may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged.d. price may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged.16. What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of coffee if the wages of coffee-bean pickers fell and the price of tea fell? (a)a. Price would fall and the effect on quantity would be ambiguous.b. Price would rise and the effect on quantity would be ambiguous.c. Quantity would fall and the effect on price would be ambiguous.d. Quantity would rise and the effect on price would be ambiguous.17. Which of these statements does not apply to market economies? (c)a. Prices prevent decentralized decision making from degeneratinginto chaos.b. Prices coordinate the actions of millions of people with varyingabilities and desires.c. Prices ensure that anyone who wants a product can get it.d. Prices ensure that what needs to get done does in fact get done.Chapter 5 Elasticity and its Its ApplicationTRUE OR FALSE1. The demand for bread is likely to be more elastic than the demand for solid-gold bread plates. (F)2. In general, demand curves for luxuries tend to be price elastic. (T)3. Goods with close substitutes tend to have more elastic demands than do goods without close substitutes. (T)4. The demand for gasoline will respond more to a change in price over a period of five weeks than over a period of five years. (F)5. The price elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. (T)6. Demand is inelastic if the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1.(F)7. Price elasticity of demand along a linear, downward-sloping demand curve increases as price falls. (F)8. If the price elasticity of demand is equal to 1, then demand is unit elastic. (T)9. When demand is inelastic, a decrease in price increases total revenue.(F)10. The income elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income. (T)11. Normal goods have negative income elasticities of demand, while inferior goods have positive income elasticities of demand. (F)12. If the cross-price elasticity of demand for two goods is negative, then the two goods are substitutes. (T)13. If the cross-price elasticity of demand for two goods is negative, then。
南开大学20秋学期微观经济学在线作业-2参考答案
1.如果等成本曲线围绕它与纵轴Y的交点逆时针转动，那么将意味着()A.生产要素X的价格下降了B.生产要素Y的价格上升了C.生产要素X的价格上升了D.生产要素Y的价格下降了答案：A2.消费者预期某种物品将来价格要上升，则对该物品当前的需求会()A.减少B.不变C.增加D.难以确定答案：C3.寡头垄断市场和完全垄断市场的主要区别是()A.企业数目不同B.竞争策略不同C.成本结构不同D.从事开发和研究的力度不同答案：A4.通过可以使外部不经济的产品减少供给。
A.减税B.补贴C.增加税收D.市场价格变动答案：C5.无数条等产量曲线与等成本曲线的切点连接起来的曲线是()A.无差异曲线B.消费可能线二收入消费曲线D.生产扩展路线答案：D6.某企业生产的商品价格为12元，平均成本为n元，平均可变成本为8元，则该企业在短期内0A.停止生产且亏损B.继续生产且存在利润C.继续生产但亏损D.停止生产且不亏损答案：B7.如果收入是平均分配的，则洛伦兹曲线将会0A.与纵轴重合8.与横轴重合C.与450线重合D.无法判断其位置答案：C8. 一般来说，某种商品的需求价格弹性与购买该种商品的支出占全部收入的比例关系是0A.购买该种商品的支出占全部收入的比例越大，其需求价格弹性就越大B.购买该种商品的支出占全部收入的比例越大，其需求价格弹性就越小C.购买该种商品的支出占全部收入的比例越小，其需求价格弹性就越大D.购买该种商品的支出占全部收入的比例与价格弹性没有关系答案：A9.在完全竞争市场上()A.产品有差别B.产品无差别C.有的有差别，有的无差别D.以上说法都对答案：B10.产量为4时，总收益为100;当产量为5时，总收益为120，此时边际收益为()A.20B.100C.120D.25答案：A11.关于均衡价格的正确说法是0A.均衡价格是需求等于供给时的价格B.供给量等于需求量时的价格C.供给曲线与需求曲线交点上的价格D,供给价格等于需求价格时的价格答案：C12.收益是指0A.成本加利润B.成本C.利润D.利润减成本答案：A13.在完全竞争的情况下，需求曲线与平均成本曲线相切点是0A.厂商在短期内要得到最大利润的充要条件B.某行业的厂商数目不再变化的条件C.厂商在长期内要得到最大利润的条件D.厂商在长期内亏损最小的条件答案：B14.厂商使用生产要素最优数量的原则是0A.VMP=WB.MRP=WC.MP=WD.MR=W 答案：A15.关于科斯理论，正确的论述是()A.科斯理论阐述的是产权与外部影响问题B.科斯不赞成优先考虑政府作用C.产权方式在涉及的主体数目较小时较为有效D.以上都对答案：D16.假设某商品的需求曲线为Q=3-2P，市场上该商品的均衡价格为4,那么，当需求曲线变为Q=5-2P后，均衡价格将()A.大于4B.小于4C.等于4D.小于或等于4答案：A17.随着工资水平的提高()A.劳动的供给量会一直增加B.劳动的供给量逐渐减少C.劳动的供给量先增加，但工资提高到一定水平后，劳动的供给不仅不会增加反而减少D.劳动的供给量增加到一定程度后就不会增加也不会减少答案：C18.如果人们收入水平提高，则食物支出在总支出中的比重将会()A.大大增加B.稍有增加C.下降D.不变答案：C19.生产要素的最佳组合点，一定是()A.等成本曲线与生产可能性曲线的切点B.等产量曲线与等利润曲线的切点C.等产量曲线与等成本曲线的切点D.等产量曲线与等收入曲线的切点答案：C20.如果某种商品供给曲线的斜率为正，保持其他条件不变的情况下，该商品价格上升，导致0A.供给增加B.供给减少C.供给量增加D.供给量减少答案：C21.以下关于边际效用说法正确的有0A.边际效用不可能为负值B.边际效用与总效用呈同方向变动C.对于通常情况来说，消费者消费商品服从边际效用递减规律D.在边际效用大于等于零时，边际效用与总效用反方向变动E.每增加(减少)一个单位的对物品的消费所引起的总效用的增(减)量答案：CDE22.“双头垄断”的古诺模型关于产量的结论是()A.单个厂商的产量是市场总容量的1/3B.单个厂商的产量是市场总容量的2/3C.行业的均衡总产量是市场总容量的1/3D.行业的均衡总产量是市场总容量的2/3答案：AD23.在亏损状态下，厂商继续生产的条件是()A.P=SAFCB.PSAVCC.PsavcD.P=SAVCE.Psafc答案：BD24.对自然垄断，价格方面的政府管制方法有0A.使得价格等于边际成本B.使得价格等于平均成本C.双重定价法D.资本回报率管答案：ABCD25.在亏损状态下，厂商继续生产的条件是0A.P=SAFCB.PSAVCC.PsavcD.P=SAVCE.Psafc答案：BD26.影响需求价格弹性的因素有0A.购买欲望B.商品的可替代程度C.用途的广泛性D.商品的价格E.商品的使用时间答案：ABCE27.以下关于需求价格弹性大小与销售收入的论述中，正确的是0A.需求弹性越大，销售收入越大B.如果商品富有弹性，则降价可以扩大销售收入C.如果商品缺乏弹性，则降价可以扩大销售收入D.如果商品富有弹性，则降价可以提高利润E.如果商品为单位弹性，则价格对销售收入没有影响答案：BE28.一般来说，垄断存在的缺点是0A.缺乏效率B.缺乏公平C.与完全竞争或垄断竞争相比，产品价格高，产量低D.与完全竞争或垄断竞争相比，产品价格低，产量高E.利润低答案：ABC29.某种商品的供给曲线的移动是由于0A.商品价格的变化B.互补品价格的变化C.生产技术条件的变化D.产量的变化E.生产这种商品的成本的变化答案：BCE30.外部不经济是指0A.私人成本高于社会成本B.私人成本低于社会成本C.私人利益低于社会利益D.私人利益高于社会利益E.某个家庭或厂商的一项经济活动能给其他家庭或厂商带来无人补偿的危害答案：BDE31.需求的价格弹性的种类有0A.ED>1B.ED=1C.ED=0D.ED<1E.ED=8答案：ABCD32.消费者剩余是指0A.需求曲线之上，价格线以下部分B.供给曲线之上，均衡价格以下部分C.需求曲线之下，价格线以上部分D.消费者的最大满足程度E.消费者从商品的消费中得到的满足程度大于他实际支付的价格部分答案：CE33.生产要素的需求是一种0A.派生需求B.直接需求C.联合需求D.最终产品的需求E.引致需求答案：ACE34.当劳动的总产量下降时，会出现0A.平均产量是递减的B.平均产量为零C.边际产量为零D.边际产量为负答案：AD35.长期均衡时，经济利润为零的厂商有0A.完全竞争厂商B.垄断厂商C.垄断竞争厂商D.寡头厂商答案：AC36.MC曲线与AC曲线相交于AC曲线的最低点。
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本题得分:2
题号:11题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
一般地，什么情况下厂商会停止营业？
A、厂商得到的价格低于平均成本
B、厂商得到的价格低于边际成本
C、厂商得到的价格低于平均可变成本
D、厂商得到的价格低于平均固定成本
学员答案:C
本题得分:2
题号:12题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
题号:1题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
两种商品中如果其中一种商品的价格发生变化时，消费者对两种商品的购买量同时增加或减少，则这两种商品的交叉需求价格弹性系数为
A、0
B、1
C、小于0
D、大于0
学员答案:C
本题得分:2
题号:2题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
C、使整个卡特尔的成本最小
D、使整个卡特尔中各厂商的利润最大
学员答案:B
本题得分:2
题号:10题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
垄断竞争厂商在短期均衡时（）
A、厂商一定可以获得超额利润
B、厂商肯定无法获得超额利润
C、厂商只能得到正常利润
D、厂商可能取得超额利润，也可能发生亏损，也可能获得正常利润
D、以上都不对
学员答案:C
本题得分:2
题号:14题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
寡头垄断市场的特征是（）
A、厂商数目很多，每个厂商都必须考虑其竞争对手的行为
B、厂商数目很多，每个厂商的行为不受其竞争对手行为的影响
C、厂商数目很少，每个厂商都必须考虑其竞争对手的行为
内容:
寡头垄断市场，必须具备的条件是
A、市场中厂商数量较少
B、行业中厂商生产的产品可以是有差别的，也可以是无差别的
A、市场上有很多生产者和消费者
B、企业中厂商生产的产品是有差别的
C、行业中厂商生产的产品是无差别的
D、进入市场的障碍较少
学员答案:ABD
本题得分:4
题号:18题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4
内容:
在完全竞争市场上，厂商短期均衡的条件是。
A、MR=SMC
内容:
短期平均成本曲线呈U型，是பைடு நூலகம்为
A、外在经济
B、内在经济
C、规模经济
D、边际收益递减规律
学员答案:D
本题得分:2
题号:13题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
对完全垄断厂商来说（）
A、降低价格一定会减少收益
B、提高价格一定会增加收益
C、提高价格不一定增加收益，降低价格也不一定减少收益
垄断竞争和寡头垄断之间最主要的区别是（）
A、厂商之间相互影响的程度不同
B、非价格竞争的数量不同
C、厂商的广告开支不同
D、以上都不对
学员答案:A
本题得分:2
题号:9题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
卡特尔制定统一价格的原则是（）
A、使整个卡特尔的产量最大
B、使整个卡特尔的利润最大
本题得分:4
题号:20题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4
内容:
下列哪些项是完全竞争行业的特点
A、厂商数量众多
B、同质产品
C、竞争对手之间有激烈的价格竞争
D、厂商可以自由出入这一行业
学员答案:ABD
本题得分:4
题号:21题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4
内容:
当完全竞争的企业和行业都处于长期均衡时，则（）
A、这时的价格就为零利润价格
B、P=MC
C、P等于最低长期平均成本点
D、以上说法都对
学员答案:D
本题得分:2
题号:6题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
在完全竞争市场上，厂商的短期均衡条件是( )
A、P=AR
B、P=MC
内容:
根据行业产量变化对生产要素的价格可能产生的影响，我们将完全竞争行业区分为
A、成本不变行业
B、成本递增行业
C、成本递减行业
D、以上说法都不对
学员答案:ABC
本题得分:4
题号:17题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4
内容:
一个垄断竞争的市场结构，必须具备的条件是。
D、厂商数目很少，每个厂商的行为不受其竞争对手行为的影响
学员答案:C
本题得分:2
题号:15题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
经济学所要解决的问题是
A、消费者均衡
B、资源利用
C、资源配置
D、国民收入决定
学员答案:C
本题得分:2
题号:16题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4
C、P=MR
D、P=AC
学员答案:B
本题得分:2
题号:7题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
在古诺竞争中，厂商假定其对手的（）是固定的？
A、产量
B、价格
C、利润
D、成本
学员答案:A
本题得分:2
题号:8题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
A、总是对的
B、决不对
C、有时对
D、不能判断
学员答案:B
本题得分:2
题号:4题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
垄断竞争厂商在长期均衡点上，长期平均成本曲线处于（）
A、上升阶段
B、下降阶段
C、水平阶段
D、无法确定
学员答案:B
本题得分:2
题号:5题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
B、P=SMC
C、AR=SMC
D、AR=SAC
学员答案:ABC
本题得分:4
题号:19题型:多选题（请在复选框中打勾，在以下几个选项中选择正确答案，答案可以是多个）本题分数:4
内容:
根据不同的市场结构的特征，我们将市场分为
A、完全垄断市场
B、垄断竞争市场
C、寡头垄断市场
D、完全竞争市场
学员答案:ABCD
内容:
根据边际效用分析方法，在消费X,Y两种商品时，消费者若实现消费均衡则应购买
A、X和Y商品并使其边际效用相等
B、X和Y商品并使其总效用相等
C、相同数量的X和Y商品
D、期中价格最低的一种商品
学员答案:A
本题得分:2
题号:3题型:单选题（请在以下几个选项中选择唯一正确答案）本题分数:2
内容:
当LAC曲线下降时，LAC曲线切于SAC曲线的最低点。这种说法