英国文学选读复习资料罗经国
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）教材-第8章浪漫主义时期（1798～1832）【圣才出品】
罗经国《新编英国⽂学选读》（第4版）教材-第8章浪漫主义时期（1798～1832）【圣才出品】第8章浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)8.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）(1) The American and French Revolutions（美国⾰命和法国⾰命）Under the influence of the American and French revolutions, national liberation movements and democratic movements swept across many European countries. England was no exception.在美国⾰命和法国⾰命的影响下，民族解放运动和民主运动席卷整个欧洲。
英国也不例外。
(2) The Industrial Revolution（⼯业⾰命）It brought great wealth to the rich and worsened working and living conditions of the poor. With the invention of new machines, many skilled workers were replaced by women and children and working hours for young children lasted fourteen to sixteen hours a day.⼯业⾰命使富⼈更富，穷⼈更穷。
随着新的⽣产机器的发明，妇⼥和⼉童渐渐取代了熟练的⼯⼈，为了⽣存，他们每天必须⼯作⼗四到⼗六个⼩时。
Ⅱ. Intellectual Background（学术背景）(1)Rousseau (1712～1778)（卢梭）He is generally regarded as the father of romanticism, and he rejects theworship of reason. He believes that in the really vital problems of life it is much safer to rely on feelings, to follow our instincts and emotions. He preaches that civilized men sho uld “return to nature”, to a primitive state of life.卢梭是浪漫主义之⽗，他反对崇拜理性，他认为对待⽣活中很多⾄关重要的问题最好是靠感觉、直觉、情感，。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第4章 15世纪(1400～1550)【圣才出品】
第4章15世纪(1400～1550)4.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) The Hundred Years’ War（百年战争）The Hundred Years’War continued and in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt King Henry Ⅴ (1413～1422) defeated the French army and claimed himself the heir to the French throne.百年战争还在持续，在1415年的阿金库尔战役中，亨利5世（1413～1422）战胜了法国军队，并宣布自己是法国的继承者。
(2) The War of the Roses (1455～1485)（玫瑰战争）The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. It lasted for thirty years until King Henry Ⅶ defeated Richard Ⅲ(1483～1485) at the Battle of Bosworth and ended the civil war.玫瑰战争，又叫三十年战争，是发生在两个家族之间的一系列内战，他们都宣称自己有权统治英国。
它持续了30年，直到亨利7世在博斯沃思战争（1483～1485）中打败理查德3世，内战宣告结束。
(3) The discovery of America and the new sea routes（美洲大陆和新航海线路的发现）In 1492, a Genoese mariner, Christopher Columbus (ca.1436～1506) who believed that he could reach India by sailing west, landed in America with thesupport of the Spanish sovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella.1492年，热那亚水手克里斯托弗·哥伦布相信只要一直向西航行就能到达印度，在费迪南和伊莎贝拉的支持下，他登上了美洲大陆。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第7章 18世纪(1688～1798)【圣才出品】
第7章18世纪(1688～1798)7.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）With the ascent of the bourgeoisie cultural life，some special features are worthy of our notice:随着市民阶层文化生活的提升，以下几点值得我们的注意：(1) Political writings（政治写作）The rise of the political parties and their rivalry called forth writers，literary men willing to work for either party in order to help either of them win more votes.政党的崛起，他们的竞争对手召集作家进行创作，而作家们一般都愿意帮助其中任何一派来替他们拉选票。
(2) Newspapers and journals（报纸和期刊）With the coming of the 18th century a new mass media came into being. Both parties printed newspapers as a means to express their views. Besides, the rise of the middle class also helped the growth of the newspapers.随着18世纪的到来，一种新的媒介开始形成。
双方政党都印刷报纸作为宣传他们主张的媒介。
此外，正在上升的中产阶级也推动了报业的发展。
(3) Coffeehouses（咖啡屋）In the latter half of the 17th century and throughout the 18th century, the coffeehouses in London served as informal meeting houses for men of all classes,where they could exchange their opinions and do business.17世纪后半叶和整个18世纪，伦敦的咖啡屋都被当成是各个阶级的非正式会议室，他们可以在那儿交流意见、业务往来。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第9章 维多利亚时期(1832～1901)【圣才出品】
第9章维多利亚时期(1832～1901)9.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) 1832～1848The first reform bill—the industrial capitalists gain their power in Parliament. This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers.凭借第一部改革议案，工业资产阶级在议会中赢得了权利。
这个议案使工业资产阶级和中下层阶级获得了选举权，但是工人却并没有获得选举权。
(2) In the fifties and sixties（五十年代和六十年代）England had become the workshop of the world and the world’s banker. It was a period of complacency, stability and optimism.英国成为“世界工厂”和“世界银行”。
这个时期的社会稳定发展，人们对未来信心百倍。
(3) In the 1890s（十九世纪九十年代）The 1890s is a period of serenity and security. By 1890, England continued to grow in strength. The British Empire had comprised more than a quarter of all the territory on the surface of the earth.九十年代是一个安稳而宁静的年代，这个时期，英国的实力持续增长，英国占据了世界四分之一的领土。
Ⅱ. The Victorian Novelists （维多利亚时期的小说家）The Flourishing of Novels（小说兴起的背景）①a new reading public新的阅读群体②a dropping of the price of books书价格的下跌③a profession of writing写作职业的出现④a need of recreation and entertainment休闲娱乐的需要⑤a need of satire of individuals or institutions讽刺个人或体制的需要⑥the feminist movement女权运动Common Features of Victorian Novels（维多利亚小说的共同特征）①The plot小说情节的社会背景更加广②The cause-effect sequence因果关系更加明确③By installment以系列的形式出版④The spirit of Puritanism清教思想的渗入⑤Moral Purpose以道德说教为目的1. Charles Dickens (1812～1870)（查尔斯·狄更斯）(1) Brief Introduction of the Author（作者简介）Dickens was born at Portsmouth in 1812. In 1858 Dickens began to give public readings which continued until his death in 1870. He is the most important novelist of the critical realistic period. In his works, he exposes the cruelty and the hypocrisy of the upper class of the English society, making great contributions to the development of the English literature.1812年生于朴次茅斯市郊，狄更斯在1858年开始公开朗诵，直到1870年他去世。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)-章节题库-第5章 英国文艺复兴(1550～1642)【圣才出品
第5章英国文艺复兴(1550～1642)一、填空题1. The term _____ originally indicated a revival of classic Greek and Roman arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism.（北京交通大学2006研）【答案】Renaissance【解析】文艺复兴起初是指经历了漫长、蒙昧的中世纪后，对古希腊和罗马艺术及科学的复兴。
2. Shakespeare’s authentic non-dramatic poetry consists of two _____ and 154 _____.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】long poems; sonnets【解析】莎士比亚的作品除了戏剧之外，还包括两首长诗（“Venus and Adonis”及“The Rape of Lucrece”）和154首十四行诗。
）3. “Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines” is a line taken from “Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare. The underlined phrase refers to _____.（首都师范大学2008研）【答案】the sun【解析】“天空中的眼睛”指的是太阳。
此句意为：有时候阳光过于炽烈。
4. In William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18, the speaker compares his beloved to thesummer season, and in the last two lines (“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee”), written in a rhymed _____, he states that his beloved will live in eternity through “this”, which refers to _____.（天津外国语大学2011研）【答案】heroic couplet, poem【解析】诗句为莎士比亚十四行诗第18首的最后两句。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第3章 乔叟时期(1350～1400)【圣才出品】
第3章乔叟时期(1350～1400)3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）Two important historical events happened during the century in which Chaucer lived and their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer and Langland. The first was the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, starting from the reign of Edward the Third (1327～1377) and ending during the reign of Henry the Sixth (1421～1471). It was a series of wars fought between the English kings and the French kings for the French throne. The second historical event was the peasant uprising of 1381, during the reign of King Richard the Second. This peasant uprising was the direct result of exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lords.在乔叟生活的年代，发生过两件大事，它们的影响力可以在乔叟和朗格兰的作品中见到。
第一件大事是英法百年战争，始于爱德华三世统治时期（1327～1377），终于亨利六世时期（1421～1471）。
罗经国版《新编英国文学选读》笔记
羅經國《新編英國文學選讀第二版》自製筆記1. 盎格魯撒克遜時期钱俊@ 2009/8/23 13:08 阅读(291) 无评论推荐值(0)引用通告分类: 學習筆記羅經國《新編英國文學選讀第二版》自製筆記1. Chapter One The Anglo-Saxon Period (450 —— 1066) 1. Historical backgroundThe Celts 〉the Brythons.The Iron Age.The ceremonies of May Day and the cult of mistletoe.From 55 BC to 407 AD, the Roman Empire, a slave society.London was founded.Little influence on the cultural life of the Celts,Town with names ending in “chester” or “caster”.De Bello Gallico by Julius Caesar and Germania by Publius Cornelius Tacitus450 AD, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.“angul” means a hook; “seax” means a short sword.Around 500 AD, the Celtic King Arthur fought against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex. Camelot, King Arthur’s capital.Later 8th, the Danes, or the Vikings.King Alfred the Great of Wessex (849-899)Harold, the last Saxon King 〉William the Duke of Normandy.597, Pope Gregory the Great sent St. Augustine to England and the first converted king was King Ethelbert of Kent.2. Northumbrian School and Wessex literature——two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature.Monasteries and abbeys in the kingdom of Northumbria.Caedmon in the 7th turned the stories in the Bible into verse form ——Paraphrase. Inspired by God.The Venerable Bede (673-735), wrote in Latin The Ecclesiastical History of the English People from Caesar to 731. It was Bede who told about the story of Caedmon.The reign of King Alfred (871-899)First, Latin books into West Saxon dialect. It is said that King Alfred translated the history of Bede.Second, the launching of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, from Caesar’s conquest to 1154.Third, created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure.3. Anglo-Saxon poetryThe earliest is Widsith and the last is Maldon.BeowulfAs early as the 6th in oral formWritten down in the 8th.The manuscript preserved dates back to the 10th and in Wessex dialect.One datable fact in the poem is a raid on the Franks by Gelac in 520.3183 lines.Danish King Hrothgar built a hall called Heorot.Grendel for 12 years.Beowulf, nephew to King Hygelac of the Geats. With 14 companions.Hrothgar's friend Aeschere killed by Grendel's mother.Killing Grendel’s mother with a magic sword in the cave.One of the 12 companions, Wiglaf, helped Beowulf kill the dragon.Physical strength demonstrates his high spiritual qualities.A mixture of paganism and Christian elements.Old English Poetry:1. The technical structure:1)Every line consists of two clearly separated half lines betweenwhich is a caesura. The two parts of the line are united byalliteration, a form of initial rhyme, which is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.2)Every half line consists of two feet and each foot is made up ofan accented syllable and a varying number of unaccented syllables.3)Generally there are 3 alliterations per line, two in the first halfline and one on the first foot of the second half line.2. The scop also used a figurative language called “kenning”, a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula of a special object: “helmet bearer” for “warrior.”3. The use of repetition and variation. Same idea expressed more than once by synonyms.2. Chapter Two The Norman Period (1066-1350)1. Historical background1066, the battle of HastingsThe Normans, also descendants of Scandinavian marauders, having seized a wide part of northern France.Accelerated the feudalism in England.Large tracts of land by the king, barons, knights and the church.A peasant uprising in 1381.2. Middle EnglishFor 3 centuries after the Norman conquest, two languages were used side by side in England: Latin and French.Words and expressions from Latin and French and Greek in the 14th.Inflectional forms dropped and grammar simplified.3. Religious literatureThe issue of personal salvation.Moral and spiritual responsibilities of individual rather than his ethical and social responsibilities.Conventional theme: homiletic paraphrases of the Gospels4. Romance and the influence of French literatureThrough French literature the introduction of Italian literature.Chief breeding ground was the aristocratic society in France in the 12th and early 13th and was introduced into England in the second half of the 13th and the 14th.In subject matters, romance naturally falls under three categories.1) The matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the Great and Roland,a national hero in the 8th, Chanson de Roland.2) The matter of Rome: Alexander the Great and the siege of Troy.3) The matter of Britain: the Arthurian legend, Sir Gawain, Launcelot, Merlin, the Holy Grail, the death of King Arthur.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightWritten about 1375-1400.About 2500 lines.Four “fyttes”.Green ChapelFirst day, a deer; second day, a boar; the third day a fox. A girdle. —〉the Order of GarterA true knight should not only dedicate himself to the church but also should possess the virtues of great courage, of fidelity to his promise, and of physical chastity and purity.It contained several element which prepared for a new culture.A vivid portrayal of the hero and a fine analysis of his psychology.A well unified and exciting plot full of climaxes and surprises.The three hunting scenes and the three bedchamber scenes are closely related with each other.A mixture of Anglo-Saxon poetry, the musical effect of which depends on the alliterated initial syllables and French poetry, the musical effect of which depends on the fixed number of accented and unaccented syllables in a verse line. Paragraphs of long alliterative lines of varying length are followed by a single line of two syllables, called “the bob”, and a group of four-stressed lines called “the wheel”, i.e., a set of short lines forming the concluding part of a stanza.3. Chapter Three The Age of Chaucer (1350-1400) Historical backgroundChaucer and William Langland (1330?-1400?) and the writer of Sir Gawain were contemporaries.But he deserves a period of his own.Two historical events which their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer and Langland: The Hundred Years’ War from the reign of Edward III (1327-1377) to the reign of Henry VI (1421-1471), or from 1337-1453; the peasant uprising of 1381, the reign of King Richard II.The Hundred Years’ War for the French throne.The first seven English kings were in fact living in France.Starting from King Henry III, England became the principal concern of the English kings.An awakening of national consciousness in England. No longer vassals to the French but claimed that they had the right to succeed the French throne. And the French language was gradually replaced by the native tongue.Peasant uprising. John Ball: “When Adam delved and Eve span / Who was then the gentlemen?”From Kent to London under the leadership of Wat Tyler.William Langland and another writer John Wycliff (1324?-1384) expressed people’s hatred for the church and the government.John Wycliff (1324?-1384)One of the first figures who demanded to reform the church.Translated the Bible into standard English. Fixed a national standard for English prose to replace various dialects. Father of English prose.Many pamphlets in Latin to attack the feudal lords and the church. Opposed to the claim of the Pope to the English throne. Civil authority had the right to deprive the church of the property if it proved unworthy of people’s trust. The views were taken over by the peasants in their uprising.William Langland (1330?-1400?)Piers Plowman, or The Vision of Piers Plowman, another alliterative poem besides Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Giving a realistic picture of the 14th century England.The form of allegory, a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching. An allegory has a double meaning. A primary or surface meaning, and a secondary meaning, or underlying meaning. In an allegory, abstract qualities or ideas, such as patience, purity or truth, are personified as characters in the story.The visions the poet had on a May morning.A high tower ——TruthA deep dungeon ——the Father of FalsenessPeople from all walks of life, laymen and religious people.Gluttony.Lady Meed (bribery) to be married to Falseness but protested by Theology. The king proposed to marry her to Conscience but failed. Meed is expelled and Conscience and Reason become king’s counsellers.Conscience preaching to the people and Repentance moving their hearts, including the Seven Deadly Sins.People came to seek for truth but no one knows the way. Then Piers Plowman appears. This episode suggests that man should do the task that falls to his lot.Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1340-1400)Born in a wine merchant family with rising fortunes.Grew up in London.1357, a page at court.1359, joined the army in the Hundred Year’s War and was taken prisoner. 1360, returned to England and married a maid of honour of the queen. For the next ten years in the Continent on diplomatic missions.1382, Controller of Customs at the port of London.1386, PM from KentJohn of Gaunt(Duke of Lancaster. 1340-1399. English soldier. The fourth son of Edward III, he ruled England during his father's last years and in the beginning of Richard II's reign.) as his patron.〉A great variety of occupations and experiences as well as close observation of life made him familiar with the lives of various classes. Died on Oct 25, 1400, the Poet’s Corner in WestminsterAbbey.Works divided into 3 periods, corresponding to the 3 periods of his life.(1) 1360-1372, wrote under the influence of the French literature, even translated French poems himself. Poem The Book of the Duchess, much of conventional romance elements in it.(2) 1372-1386, under the influence of the Italian literature. Troilus and Cryseyde, adapted from a long poem by Boccaccio, the writer of The Decameron. The Parliament of Fowls and The House of Fame.(3) the last 15 years of his life. The Canterbury Tales between 1387 and 1400. A general prologue and 24 tales that are connected by “links”. Tarbard Inn. 29 pilgrims to St. Thomas Beckett’s tomb at Canterbur y.The host is Harry Bailey. Expected to tell 120 tales, i.e. each person tells 4 tales.The significance of The Canterbury Tales(1). A comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The gentle class; the burgher class, the wife of Bath included, who has married five times; the professionals. All persons connected with the church are drown with touches of gentle irony and mild satire, with the exception of the poor parson. His satire can be the bitterest in the portrayal of the pardoner and the summoner. In this sense Chaucer himself is “the smyler with the knyf under the cloke.”Each character not only a representative of his or her class but also has an individual character of their own.(2). The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics. Unlike The Decameron, it is cleverly woven together by links between the stories. Most of the stories are related to the personalities of the tellers, the personalities of each character, his or her private life and habits, his or her mood and social status are revealed in the prologue and in the story he or she tells, as well as by their behaviour along the road and their remarks on the way.Most important is the part played by the host Harry Hailey.(3). Chaucer’s humour: a characteristic feature of the English literature.(4). Contribution to the English language: wrote in the London dialect of his day. He was at one moment serious and another light-hearted and full of fun and sometimes he could be very poetical. He proved that the English language is a beautiful language can be easily handled to express different moods.In doing so Greatly increase the prestige of the English language.PS: 文中的《十日談》作者意大利作家薄伽丘用的單詞是“Boccacio”，但是維基百科和朗文當代英語詞典查詢出的都是“Boccaccio”。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第8章 浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)【圣才出品】
自由诗体
Ⅳ. Major Poets（主要诗人） 1. William Wordsworth (1770～1850)（威廉·华兹华斯） (1) His Life（生平）
Wordsworth was born and grew up near the Lake District, a beautiful scenic spot in northwestern England. From his very early years, he had a profound love for nature, which characterizes all his works. In 1843 after the death of Southey he was made poet laureate.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
圣才电子书
主观性
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
(2) Spontaneity
自然性
(3) Singularity
独特性
(4) Worship of nature
崇拜自然
(5) Simplicity
简洁性
(6) Melancholy
忧郁性
(7) Free Verse
卢梭是浪漫主义之父，他反对崇拜理性，他认为对待生活中很多至关重要的问题最好是 靠感觉、直觉、情感，。他倡导文明人“回归自然”，回到生命最原始的状态中去。 (2) Edmund Burke (1729～1797)（埃德蒙·伯克）
As a political philosopher he is known for his Reflection on the Revolution in France (1790), in which he repudiates the revolution, claiming that no one has the right to destroy the institutions and traditions that have been passed down to him through generations and to destroy them is to destroy civilization itself.
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)-章节题库-第9章 维多利亚时期(1832～1901)【圣才出品
第9章维多利亚时期(1832～1901)一、填空题1. Author _____; Title _____.（南京大学2009研；南京大学2008研）I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration.【答案】Charles Dickens; Great Expectations【解析】题目节选自狄更斯的Great Expectations（《远大前程》）。
2. Like Ibsen, _____ was much concerned about the social problems of his time. His career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play _____ was put on and turned out a success.（天津外国语大学2010研）【答案】George Bernard Shaw; Widowers’ Houses【解析】萧伯纳是英国现代杰出的现实主义戏剧作家，是世界著名的擅长幽默与讽刺的语言大师。
他的第一部剧作《鳏夫的房产》创作于1892年。
3. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____.（大连外国语大学2007研）【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Brontë小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。
英美文学考研罗经国《新编英国文学选读》考研复习笔记
英美文学考研罗经国《新编英国文学选读》考研复习笔记一、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)1.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）(1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who migrated to the British Isles about 600 B.C.不列颠群岛最早的定居者是凯尔特人，他们大约在公元前600年移民到不列颠群岛。
(2) From 55 B.C. to 407 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire.从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。
(3) About 450 A.D., waves of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.公元450年左右，盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人占领了不列颠群岛。
他们在英格兰定居，将凯尔特人驱逐到威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰。
(4) It was around 500 A.D., in the struggle against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, that the Celtic King Arthur, a legendary figure, is said to have acquired his fame.大约在公元500年，在与威塞克斯王国创始人塞迪奇的斗争中，传说中的凯尔特王亚瑟获得了他的名声。
(5) Beginning from the later part of the 8th century, the Danes, or the Vikings, came to invade England, at first, along the eastern coast, but later they threatened to overrun the whole country.在8世纪50年代初期，丹麦人又叫北欧海盗开始入侵英格兰，开始是东海岸，进而威胁到整个国家的统治。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)-章节题库-第2章 诺曼时期(1066～1350)【圣才出品】
第2章诺曼时期(1066～1350)一、选择题1. In 1066, _____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius【答案】A【解析】1066年征服者威廉率领他的诺曼底军队打败英军成为英伦三岛的统治者。
2. Knights of the Round Table are characters serving _____ in legends, which depict chivalry in early literature. （北二外2007研）A. Sir LancelotB. Sir GodwinC. King ArthurD. King Henry Ⅷ【答案】C【解析】圆桌骑士是中世纪传说中亚瑟王宫廷里最高等的骑士，因聚会的桌子是圆桌而得名。
二、术语解释1. Romance（北外2011研）Key: ①It refers to a fictional story in verse or prose that relates improbable adventures of idealized characters in some remote or enchanted settings; or, more generally, a tendency in fiction opposite to that of realism. ②The term now embraces many forms of fiction from the Gothic novel and the popular escapist love story to the scientific romances of H.G. Wells, but it usually refers to the tales of King Arthu r’s knights written in the late Middle Ages. ③Medieval romance is distinguished from epic by its concerning on courtly love rather than warlike heroism. Later prose romances differ from novels in their preference for allegory and psychological exploration rather than realistic social observation, especially in American works like Nathaniel Hawthorn e’s The Blithedale Romance.2. Arthurian legendKey: It is a group of tales (in several languages) that developed in the Middle Ages concerning Arthur, semi-historical king of the Britons and his knights. The legend is a complex weaving of ancient Celtic mythology with later traditions around a core of possible historical authenticity.三、简答题What are the major subjects that the English romance mainly deals with?Key: The English romance mainly deals with three major subjects: the “Matter of France”, the “Matter of Rome”, and the “Matter of Britain”.①The “Matter of France” means a collection of tales about Charlemagne, the mighty ruler of France and neighboring countries around 800 A.D., and his peers and their wars against the Saracens.②The “Matter of Rome” covers everything from the ancient Romans a nd the Greeks. Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia and conqueror of Greece, Egypt, India and Persian Empire is the favorite hero of this group. Besides this, Trojan War is also dealt with in this group.③The “Matter of Britain” means the legendary histo ry of Britain. It mainly deals with the exploits of King Arthur and his knights.。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)-章节题库-第7章 18世纪(1688～1798)【圣才出品】
第7章18世纪(1688～1798)一、填空题1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.（吉林大学2007研）【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利·菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。
2. Author: _____ Title: _____.（南京大学2007研）At other times, the like battles have been fought between the Yahoos of several neighborhoods, without any visible cause: those of one district watching all opportunities to surprise the next, before they are prepared. But if they find their project has miscarried, they return home, and, for want of enemies, engage in what I call a civil war among themselves.【答案】Jonathan Swift; Gullive r’s Travels【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。
其通过幻想旅行中不可置信的奇遇和体验，及其尖锐地讽刺了英国统治者的腐败和愚行，无情地揭露了社会各领域的黑暗和罪恶。
3. Xury and Friday are characters in the novel entitled _____ written by _____.（大连外国语大学2008研）【答案】Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe【解析】“Xury”和“Friday”是笛福的代表作《鲁宾逊漂流记》中的人物。
英国文学选读复习资料罗经国
Chapter 11.Earliest settlers---Celts2.55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman EmpireLondon was founded3.演变Celts- Romans – Anglo-Saxon – English4.Julius Caesar ; the first general came to British5.500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex; the Celts King Arthur. His followers ; who were know as the knights of the round table;fight for their kingdom against the AS invaders.6.9th century; King Alfred ; the great of Wessex lead the AS kingsto defeat the invaders by uniting their forces.7.the Norman Conquest1066; Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward Ⅱ. And Normandy beat the Harold at the Hesting.8.Two highlight in the development of AS literatureA. Northumrian School错误!the first AS poet ---CaedmonThe earliest English poet. According to Bede; he was an elderly herdsman who received the power of song in a vision.错误!Vernerable Bede; A monk write in Lain <The Ecclesiastical History of the English People> Father of English HistoryB. the reign of Alfred Contribution错误!translate a number of Latin books into West Saxon dialect 错误!<The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle>错误!created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose9. A long epic poetry 长篇叙事诗<Beowulf>A.the earliest heroic poetryB.the most significant poetryC.existed in oral form as early as the 6th centuryD.Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements10.Difference between Old Eng poetry ; later poetry is technicalstructure11.There are two poetic features of Old English poetry:alliteration and kenning.Chapter 21.流行Romance 主要写Knights2.Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066 acceleratedthe development of feudalism 封建主义in ENG3.Categories of Romances: The matter of Erance ;the matter of Rome ;the matter of Britain4.Middle ENG:A.words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure are usuallyof the French originB.many inflectional form of words were droppedC.formal grammar simplified5. Medieval Romance Subject MattersA. matter of French Charlemagne the Great; Roland; <Chanson de Roland>B. matter of Rome Alexander the Great; The siege of TroyC. Britain the Arthurian LegendBy Sir Gawain; Launce lot; Marlin; the quest for Holy Grail; the Death of King Arthur.Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer1.The Hundreds’Years War is an awakening of nationalConsciousness in ENG;the French heroine Joan of Arc贞德2.Geoffrey Chaucer Buried in the Poets’ Conner in WestminsterAbbeyA.Father of Eng poetryB.The work of Geoffrey Chaucer错误!influenced by French literature<The Book of the Duchess>错误!influenced by Boccaccio <Travius and Cryseyde>错误!<The Canterbury Tales >坎特伯雷故事集The general prologue 总序is the best part of it.3.the significances of <The Canterbury Tales>A.Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s timeB.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended高度赞赏by criticsC.Geoffrey Chaucer’s humorD.Chaucer’s contribution to ENG languageE.Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English4.John WycliffA.father of ENG proseB.one of the first figures who demanded to reform churchC.the one translate Bible into standard ENG5.William Langland<Sir Gawain> <Green Knights><The Vision of PiersPlowman>Chapter 41.main eventsA.The war of the Rose ;the thirty Years Warthe house ofLancaster/Red; the house of YorkB.The discovery of American and the new sea routesC.Reformation of church. HenryⅧ found the Anglican Church;break away from the church of Rome.2.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story3.Characters of BalladsA.the beginning is often abruptB.have strong dramatic elementsC.the story is told through dialogue and actionD.the theme is often tragicE.the meter格律is used contains four-line stanzas; the oddnumbered line奇数four feet; the even numbered line偶数three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.4.BalladsA.<Robin Hood> A legendary hero living during the reign ofRichard the Lion Heated 金雀花王朝B.<The Death of King Arthur>By Sir Thomas Mallory prefect theking Arthur5.Early ENG Playsthe 14th developed intomystery Plays神秘剧;miracle plays 奇迹剧6.The flourishing of dramathe reason: no other entertainment ;both rich and poor can go to thereChapter 5英国文学史上三次高潮 15th ENG Renaissance— 19th上Romantic —19th 下 Victoria1.The BackgroundQueen Elizabeth ; defeat the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队; mighty naval power强有力的海军.2.Humanism 人文主义Rebirth文艺复兴的时代精神Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth ”in ENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观According to the Humanist scholars it was against human nature to 错误!sacrifice the happiness of the life for an after life. They argued that 错误!man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church; In art and literati on; instead of happiness in his life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman catholic church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him.4.Edmund Spenser <The Faerie Queen>5.The University WitsA.Robert GreeneB.Thomas Kyd <The Spanish Tragedy>C.Christopher Marlowe<The tragic History of Doctor Faustus> Theblank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter6.William ShakespeareA.发展错误!Early years of his apprenticeship学徒期错误!Growth and development错误!gloom and depression错误!restored serenityB.achievement错误!represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people错误!S’ humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love错误!S’ characterization; S’ characters are round 丰满的而非flatter 扁平错误!originality错误!as a great poet in sonnets错误!master of the Eng language7.Four Tragedy : Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; The Tragedy of Macbeth8.Sonnets Italy/Petrarch’s —the first one; S’sA.definition A short song in the original meaning of the wordbecome a poet of 14 lines. Usually in iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步 with various rhyming schemes.B.Sonnet; 3 quatrains; 1 couplet Shakespeare’s <Mr.W.H><DarkLady>9.S’s sonnets are different from Petrach’s.Petrach’s sonnets is divided into an octave八音which typically rhymes abba abba ; and a sestet; which may have varying rhyme schemes.Shakespeare’s sonnets English sonnetsconsists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet ;which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends witha surprised conclusion or a shift of ideas.Petrach abba abba / cde cdeShakespeare abab cdcd efef / gg10.Hamlet —Humanist melancholy忧郁 procrastination优柔寡断Chapter 6From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution1.Backgroundthe ENG bourgeois revolution 资产阶级革命;农民与贵族阶级;Anglican church 与Puritanical Church2.Glorious Revolution 1688In 1688; William signed <The Bill of Rights> presented by Parliament; which greatly restricted the power of English King hence four ENGLAND has become a country of constitutional monarchy.君主立宪制3.The King James Bible of 1611Old Testament in HebrewsNew Testament in GreekThe earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon; Bade and King Alfred.4.Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as “the pioneer of EngMaterialism唯心主义”5.<Of Studies>目的：Studies serve for delight; for ornament; for ability.功效：History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematics subtitle;natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.方法：Books are able to be tasked; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.6.玄学派特点Metaphysical PoetsJohn DonneMetaphysical Poets describe a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by hold and ingenious conceits 奇思妙喻incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought; frequent use of Paradox; and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.7.Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love; death and religionMain theme of Cavalier骑士派：Carpe Diem及时行乐8.Cavalier: Carpe diem<ＡValediction：forbidding mourning >A breach; but an expansionLike gold to airy thinness beatIf they be two; they are two so.As stiff twin compasses are two.THEME; 他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱..9.John MiltonPuritan Writer<Paradise Lost>10.<Paradise Lost>ton ’s master piece and one of the greatest poems in worldliterate.B.Satan; the most impressive character Better to reign inHell than Serve in HeavenC.Meaning:错误!rebellion spirits叛逆精神错误!defiance of authority对权威的藐视错误!excessive pride极端自负11.John BunyanPuritan <The Pilgrim’s progress>天路历程iswritten in the old fashioned medieval form of allegory and drama. Chapter 71.Glorious Revolution2.Two Parliaments: The Tory & The Whig3.The characters of neo-classicismOfficialA.People emphasized reason理智rather than emotion; form ratherthan contentB.As reason was stressed; most of the writings of the age weredidactic 说教性and satirical讽刺C.As elegance 优雅性correctness正确性appropriateness 恰当性and restraint 节制性were preferred ; the poet found closedcouplet the only possible verse form for serious work.D.It’s almost exclusively a “town” poetry catering to theinterests of the “society” in great cities.E.It is entirely wanting in all these elements that are relatedwith the “romantic”CivilianA.Emphasized reason rather than emotion ; form rather thanContentB.Didactic and satiricalC.The poet found closed couplet the only for seriousD.Town poetry show no love of nature; landscape or countrythingsck of all Romantic Elements4． Geoffrey Chaucer; first use couplet—Pope5. Classicisms ; a drama; 3 unities: action; place; time6. Daniel Defoe; know as a pioneer novelist of ENG<Robinson>is based on a real incident.<Moll Flanders> a lowly women as the subject of literature who for her first time has committed theft and robbery.7. Jonathan Swift<Gulliver’s Travels>8.Joseph Addison & Richard Steele; periodical essays期刊写作. 2periodical 期刊the tattler; the spectator9.Alexander Pope 新古代表/英雄双韵顶峰<Whatever is ; is right >deist view 自然神论观点10.Samuel Johnson<A Dictionary of English Language>11.Henry Fielding playwright; novelist<The History of Tom Jones; A Founding>12.Robert Burns 抒情诗人From Scotland; write in Scottish and intraditional of Scottish folk songs. Besides; love lyrics; most of his poems and songs are about patriotic and political Themes.Burns had a profound love for the common Scottish people and their literature. And his poems or songs are permeated with the Scottish natural spirit.<A Red; Red Rose>13.William Blake 神秘主义者同Burns 为前期浪漫主义代表<Songs of Innocence> <Songs of Experience>Chapter 8 Romanticism1.From Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 tothe death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832.2.Characters: The glorification of instinct and emotion a deepveneration 崇拜of nature; and a flaming zeal to remark the world.3.Rousseau 卢梭 French Philosopher . The Father of Romanticism/The Nobel Savage4.Characteristic features of the romantic movementA.Subjectivism主观主义B.Spontaneity 自发性C.Singularity 奇特性D.Worship of natureE.SimplicityF.There is a dominating note of melancholy / in the poems ofRomantic poets人道主义理想、忧郁气质G.An age of poetry by which the poets outpoured their feelingand emotion free verse form5.William Wordsworth —Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人6.WW <I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud>A.Sing of harmony between things in nature and between thenature and the poet himselfB.Personification; Simile; Metaphorke poets William Wordsworth; Robert Southey;Taylor Coleridge8.Samuel Taylor Coleridge <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>古舟子咏9.George Gordon Byron <Don Juan> <The Isles of Greece>10.<Don Juan> the adventure of a Spanish liberationByron’s fiery passion for the liberation of Greek people; and his bitter satire on the sham and hypocrisy in love; religion and the social relation of his time.11.Percy Bysshe Shelley <Song to the man of England>希望英国人认识到自己的悲惨地位起来奋斗12.John Keats Last poet<On the First Looking into Chapmen’s Homer>13.Charles Lamb 剧作家With his sister 写了<Tales formShakespeare>Contribution to Familiar Essay14.Thomas de Quincy<On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth>15.Walter Scott—Historic Novel . 1832 die ; the end of RomanticismContribution <Ivanhoe>Chapter 9 Queen Victoria1.Two Queens:A.both were on a throne for a long period of time. Elizabeth40s; Victoria 60s.B.Developed rapidly in both politically ; economicallyC.Literature flourishedE’ - SB; drama. V’-novel2.The reason why novel rise quickly in V’s AgeA.the growth of urban population bring a new reading in publichB.the development of printing and making papers and the priceof books droppedC.people can make a living by writingD. a large part class who need recreation and entertainmentE.the novel provided a marvelous mechanism for all sort ofthings——explorisy the conditions of poor and the manners of society; satirizing individuals or institution ;advocating social reform and providing diversion for people at all levelsF.the feminist movement3.Characterized by the common featuresA.plot is unfolded against a social backgroundB.the cause-effect sequence much more striking than in previousnovelsC.published in serial form连载D.the spirit of Puritanism 清教主义E.characterized by their moral purpose hypocrisy 伪善 V’时期的共同特点F.critical realism 批判现实主义/ critical realistic novelist批判现实主义小说4.Charles Dickens <Oliver Twist><David Copperfield>artistic technique错误!a tendency to describe ugly characters or events错误!loves to instill life into inanimate things错误!description of pathetic scenes5.William Makepeace Thackeray<Vanity Fair>“A novel without hero”6.Difference between Thackeray and DickensA.Thackeray descript a different world from Dickens T; descriptpeople of upper and middle classes; D; descript the underdogs and the unprivilegedB.T is a cynic ; D is a sentimentalist 感伤主义者C.T against affectation. D is a Romanist7.The title Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s <ThePilgrim’s Progress>8.Lord Alfred Tennyson Laureate Poet<Break; Break; Break> 挽歌Tennyson wrote in memory of his friend Arthur Hallam.9.Robert Browning the dramatic monologue戏剧独白诗<My lastDuchess>10.The Bront SisterA.Charlotte Bront —<Jane Eyre>B.Emily Bront —<Wuthering Height>C.Anne Bront —<Agnes Grey>11.Some critics said that the Bront inherited their strong emotionfrom their parents.A.The Celtic blood explains their strong emotion and theiraudacity in the search for spiritual integrity.B.Another factor was the moorland which was not yet corruptedby the evils of society.C.The Third factor their writing career was the fact that theywere greatly influenced by Romantic Poets.12.The works of Charlotte and Emily Bront and different from thoseof other Victorian writers in the aspects below:A.their works are marked by strong romantic elementsB.the role of nature is very significant in their workC.marked by a new conception of women as heroines of vitalstrength and passionate feelings.13.<Jane Eyre> first most powerful ENG novel which represents themodern view of women’s position in society.14.Emily Bront <Wuthering Heights>Heathcliff Catharine EmilyBront portrays the conflict between the privileged and the hire hand.15.Thomas Hardy; the last important novelist of the Victorian ageWessex novels.<Tess of the D’Urbervilles><Jude the Obscure>自然主义、社会达尔文主义 pessimisticThe dominate theme of his novel is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate. Chance and circumstance; which are all predestined by Immanent Will. 16.George Bernard Shaw Irish <Major Barbar’s><Pygmalion><HeartBreak House>17.Oscar Wilde—<The Picture of Dorian Gray>decadence颓废主义名词解释1.Alliteration头韵is the repetition of the same sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.例子： of man was the mildest and most belovedTo his kin the kindest ; keenest for praise代表作：Sir Gawain &Green Knight2.Kenning隐喻A kenning is a metaphor usually composed two words; which becomes the formula 准则for a special object.3.RenaissanceA French word; means “Rebirth”.The art and science of ancient Greece and Rome were being rediscovered after long years of neglect. English Re had two impulses —humanist reverence for the classics and English pride and sense of national identity. Emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and the worth of life in this world.4.RomanceR is a type of literature that is very popular in the Middle age. The great age of medieval romance is the 12th and early 13the centuries and its chief breeding ground起源地is the aristocratic贵族的society in France.5.Allegory 寓言An allegory is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underling meaning; and serve to spread moral teaching.6.Heroic Couplet英雄对偶句HC is a pare of rhyming 押韵的 iambic pentameter五步抑扬格lines. AA BB CC DD EE7.Ballad 民谣B is a narrative poem that tells story.8.The blank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter; used in his dramas ; was the chief verse for; used by SB.16世纪的英国戏剧主要表现形式9.An ode 颂诗It’s a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings; often addressed toa person or celebrating an event.10.Dramatic monologue戏剧独白诗It’s a poem in which there is one imaginary speaker; addressing an imaginary audience.11.Allegory:A tale in verse or prose in which characters; actions; or settingsrepresent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings; a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.12.Anapest抑抑扬:Its made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables; with the two unstressed ones in front.常用资料修辞名称：meter格律; rhyme韵; sound assonance谐音; consonance 和音; alliteration头韵; form of poetry诗歌形式; allusion典故; foot 音步; iamb抑扬格; trochee扬抑格; anapest抑抑扬格; dactyl扬抑抑格; pentameter五音步。
新编英国文学选读(上),罗经国,期末复习每章问题
Week I Assignment—Beowulf1. How many groups of early settlers came to Britain? (Please provide their names, time and place as to when and where they were from)2. How many languages were spoken at the same time in Norman England? And on what occasions were they spoken?3. From which early settlers’ languages is the modern English language derived?Anglo- Saxon4. Who was the father of English history? And what book did he wrote?5. What are King Alfred the Great’ contributions to English literature?6. Pls make a brief summary of the story of Beowulf.7. What’s the metrical feature of the Anglo-Saxon poetry; take the epic Beowulf for example?8. What’s the significance of Beowulf?9. Explain the following terms.AlliterationKenning (provide some examples)10. Scan the meter of the following lines and underline the alliterative letters in the following lines.Condemned to agony. The door gave way,Toughened with iron, at the touch of those hands.The foe then stepped onto the unstained floor,Angrily advanced: out of his eyes stood.An unlovely light like that of fire.11. Read part II on your own and find as many kennings as possible.Homework week 2 Assignment 21. Explain the following terms:Knights / romance2. Please summarize the story of Sir Gawain and Green Knight.3. Pls describe the feudal system of hierarchy in Norman England.4. What are the main themes of religious literature?5. What are the subject matters of romance?6. What conclusion can we draw about the chivalric spirit from the story of Sir Gawain?7. What’s the metrical feature of Sir Gawain and Green Knight?8. Scan the last five lines of the second stanza.Our knightAnd at that holy tideHe prays with all his mightThat Mary maybe his guideTill a dwelling comes in sight9. pls recite the second stanza of the poem.Homework Week 31. Explain : allegory2. What is John Wycliff’s contribution to English literature?3. What is heroic couplet?4. Scan the following lines:And the small fowls are making melodyThat sleeps away the night with open eye5. pls sum up the life story and writing career of Chaucer.6. What is the significance of The Canterbury Tales?7. What kind of book is The Canterbury Tales?8. In what way does Chaucer contribute to the English language?8. Pls point out the lines that present Chaucer’s mild satire upon the Prioress.9. what kind of person is the woman of Bath?Assignment 41. What is ballad?2. What are the characteristics of popular ballad?3. Explain ‘The ballad meter’4. Please scan the third stanza of Robin hood.5. pls explain the war of roses and Henry VIII’s reformation of the church.6. Please recite The Three Ravens.Assignment 51. Explain [ the English renaissance]2. [humanism]3. [gentleman]4. [religious reformation]5. What is Spenserian stanza? What is his writing style?6. Pls briefly summarize the story of Faerie Queene.7. Pls Scan stanza 17 of canto iv of the Faerie Queene.8. What are the six virtues presented in the six books of Faerie Queene?9. What are the seven sins? Also pls sum up the features of each sin described by Spencer?10. Please recite the first two stanzas.Assignment 61. What are the reasons for the flouring of drama in Renaissance England?2. Describe the English theater (take the Globe for example) .3. Who are the University wits?4. What renaissance spirit does Tamberline the great represent? And what spirit does Dr. Faustus represent?5. What is the writing style of Christopher Marlowe?6. What is blank verse? Scan the first four lines of Dr. Faustus.Homework week 7:1. What are the famous four tragedies of Shakespeare? And the famous comedies?2. Into how many periods is Shakespea re’s writing career divided?3. What are the great achievements of Shakespeare?4. What is Shakespearean sonnet? Pls recite sonnet 18!5. Is Shylock a cruel usurer or a persecuted Jew? Pls analyze Shylock’s character.6. Pls recite Portia’s famous speech on mercy versus justice; and Hamlet’s famous soliloquy. Homework week-81. What are the two main reasons for the British Bourgeois revolution?2. What is the significance of “the Glorious revolution”?3. What God created on the first six days? God’s creation of man?4. What do you know about Francis Bacon’s Philosophical view and the style of his essays?5. Pls recite Of Study.Homework week 9:1. What is metaphysical poetry? Its main theme? Its representatives?2. What is cavalier poetry? Its main theme? Representatives?3. What are the main features of John Donne’s poetry?4. What is feminine ending? And what is masculine ending?5. Recite Virtue.6. What is Miltonic style? (written/ oral)7. In what kind of genre is Milton’s Paradise Lost wr itten?8. What main theme does Paradise Lost deal with? What is the purpose of Milton’s in writing this poem?9. What sentiment is expressed in the image of Satan? And what kind of attitude should we take towards Satan in paradise Lost?10. What is the significance of the love story between Adam and Eve?Homework week 101. In what kind of genre is Milton’s Paradise Lost written?2. What main theme does Paradise Lost deal with? What is the purpose of Milton’s in writing this poem?3. What sentiment is expressed in the image of Satan? And what kind of attitude should we take towards Satan in paradise Lost?4. What is the significance of the love story between Adam and Eve?5. What is Miltonic style?6. What is the genre of Pilgrim’s Progress?7. W ho is the man in Bunyan’s dream And what book in his hand? What the burden is?8. What kind of journey did the pilgrim make? And adventure he underwent through what city?9. What is the significance of the story? And the city?10. What is Bunyan’s style? What does he criticize through his satire/Homework week 12 & Revision:1. What are the six features of 18th century English cultural life?2. What are the five characteristics of neo-classicism?3. What class and class spirit are embodied in the figure “Robinson Crusoe”?4. Please state the reasons why Defoe is regarded as a great artist (with his Moll Flanders’s entering the serious literature)?5. Why was Jonathan Swift respected by the Irish people as their National hero?6. Why is Swift’s A Mode st Propsal regarded as a bitter satire?Homework week 131. Addison and Steel launched several periodicals together. What are their aims?2. What do they mainly deal with in their essays?3. What methods do they adopt in writing the essays?4. What is Addison’s writing style?5. The Royal Exchange: how many important roles did the merchants play in Addison’s time?6. What is genre of the Rape of the Lock by A Pope?7. What is it about?8. What is the significance of An Essay on Man? What are Pope’s achi evements?9. Pls explain Augustan Age.10. Pls recite An essay on Man: Whatever Is, Is Right; and Know Then Thyself.P.S.1 pls read carefully the Royal Exchange and An Essay On man2 pls preview Johnson’s The Preface to Shakespeare; and Fielding’s Tom Jones.Homework week 141. How many periodicals did S Johnson publish?2. How did he compile A Dictionary of English Language? what is the significance of A Letter to the Right Honorable The Earl of Chesterfield?3. How many careers did Henry Fielding go in for? And what are his achievements for each career?4. How many novels did Fielding write altogether?5. What is the special genre did Fielding create in Tom Jones?6. How many parts can Tom Jones be divided into? And what does each part mainly deal with? And What aspect of English society does each part represent ?Homework week 15:1. Of what school was Thomas Gray a representative poet?2. In what way do the poets of this school deviate from the neo-classic rules?3. In What tradition is Sherid an’s masterpiece the School of Scandal written?4. What does Sheridan mainly expose in this play?5. Pls recite the first four stanzas of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard.Homework week 16:1. What are the features of Burns’s poems?2. Please read Is There for Honest Poverty and answer: What kind of feeling is conveyed in this poem? And what is Burns’s attitude towards both the rich and the poor respectively?3. Please recite A Red, Red Rose.4. In what way(s) do the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience reflect the world respectively?5. What are the features of William Blake’s poetry?6. What kind of picture of the society has been drawn in London?7. pls recite The Lamb and The Tiger.。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）教材-第3章乔叟时期（1350～1400）【圣才出品】
罗经国《新编英国⽂学选读》（第4版）教材-第3章乔叟时期（1350～1400）【圣才出品】第3章乔叟时期(1350～1400)3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）Two important historical events happened during the century in which Chaucer lived and their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer and Langland. The first was the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, starting from the reign of Edward the Third (1327～1377) and ending during the reign of Henry the Sixth (1421～1471). It was a series of wars fought between the English kings and the French kings for the French throne. The second historical event was the peasant uprising of 1381, during the reign of King Richard the Second. This peasant uprising was the direct result of exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lords.在乔叟⽣活的年代，发⽣过两件⼤事，它们的影响⼒可以在乔叟和朗格兰的作品中见到。
第⼀件⼤事是英法百年战争，始于爱德华三世统治时期（1327～1377），终于亨利六世时期（1421～1471）。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）章节题库-第八章至第十章【圣才出品】
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）章节题库-第八章至第十章【圣才出品】第8章浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)一、填空题1.Prometheus Unbound,a lyrical drama in four acts,was written by_____.（大连外国语大学2008研）【答案】(Percy Bysshe)Shelley【解析】雪莱，全名为Percy Bysshe Shelley。
《解放了的普罗米修斯》是雪莱的著名诗剧，取材于古希腊罗马神话。
2.William_____based his poetic theory on the principle that“all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of_____.”（天津外国语大学2011研）【答案】Wordsworth,powerful feeling【解析】William Wordsworth和Samuel Taylor Coleridge共同出版的Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》标志着英国浪漫主义的开始。
题中句子属于序言中的引用，是William Wordsworth的浪漫主义的主要原则之一。
3.Author:_____.Title:_____.（南京大学2008研）Of vapours,from whose solid atmosphereBlack rain,and fire,and hail will burst:oh hear!【答案】Percy Bysshe Shelley;Ode to the West Wind【解析】题目节选自浪漫主义诗人雪莱的Ode to the West Wind （《西风颂》）。
4.Each literary movement can be seen as a strong reaction to the previous aesthetic principles.Romanticism in the history of English literature can be presented as a strong reaction to_____.（天津外国语大学2009研）【答案】neoclassicism【解析】浪漫主义重在打破新古典主义的桎梏，新古典主义强调理性，秩序和优雅的风趣，而浪漫主义则重在人的感情和自然美。
罗经国英国文学选读(上)乔叟
12
CANTERBURY TALES:
AN OVERVIEW
One day in April, the poet comes to the Tabard Inn in the southern suburb of London. By nightfall, 29 pilgrims arrive at the inn and they get ready to go to Canterbury. Harry Bailey, the host of the Tabard Inn, proposes that each pilgrim should tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back. The best story-teller is to be given a free supper, at the cost of all the rest. The host offers to go with them as their judge and guide. According to the plan, there should be 120 stories, but actually 24 tales are finished.
The romance show medieval, aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world. If the epic reflects a heroic age, the romance reflects a chivalric one.
3)
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)-章节题库-第4章 15世纪(1400～1550)【圣才出品】
第4章15世纪(1400～1550)一、填空题1. The most magnificent prose work of the 15th century is Le Morte D’ Arthur concerning with _____ legend.【答案】Arthurian【解析】15世纪左右公认的集大成作品为《亚瑟王之死》，是关于亚瑟王的传奇故事。
2. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _____.【答案】ballads【解析】十五世纪英国歌谣开始兴起。
二、选择题Robin Hood was written in the form of _____.（北二外2014研）A. free verseB. balladC. sonnetD. blank verse【答案】B【解析】罗宾汉是用歌谣的形式书写的。
三、术语解释1. Morality playKey:①A kind of religious drama popular in England, Scotland, France, and elsewhere in Europe in the 15th and early 16th centuries. ②Morality plays are dramatized allegories, in which personified virtues, vices, diseases, and temptations struggle for the soul of man as he travels from birth to death. ③They instill a simple message of Christian salvation, but often include comic scenes. The best-known is Everyman. They had a considerable influence on the development of Elizabethan drama.2. Ballad（厦门大学2012研）Key: ①A folk song or orally transmitted poems telling a direct dramatic manner some popular story usually derived from a tragic incident in local history or legend. The story is told simply, impersonally, and often with vivid dialogue. ②Ballads are normally composed in quatrains with vivid alternating fore-stress and three-stress lines, the second and fourth lines rhyming;. But some ballads are in couplet form, and some others have six-line stanzas. ③Appearing in many parts of Europe in the late Middle Ages, ballads flourished particularly strongly in Scotland from the 15th century onward. Since the 18th century, educated poets outside the folk-song tradition—notably Coleridge and Goethe—have written imitations of the popular balla d’s form and style: Coleridg e’s ‘Rime of the Ancient Marine r’ is a celebrated example.四、论述题What is the most important department of English folk literature? And make comments on its most famous cycle: the Robin Hood Ballads.Key: (1) The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in quatrains with alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, the second and fourth lines rhyming. When it was chanted by ball-assigners, the audience joined in a refrain which usually followed each stanza. They are mainly the literature of the peasants, and in them one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society.The subject of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters of class struggle.(2) The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called Robin Hood. Robin Hood, a legendary popular hero, is depicted in the ballads as a valiant outlaw, famous in archery, living under the greenwood tree with his merry men, taking from the rich and giving to the poor, waging war against bishops and archbishops, and constantly hunted by the sheriffs, whom he constantly outwits.Clearly the historical origin of Robin Hood and his band of outlaws is to be found in the perpetual struggles of the peasants against the landlords, against the local officials and against the king’s judges. Robin Hood is a partly historical and partly legendary character.The character of Robin Hood is many-sided. Strong, brave and clever, he is at the same time tender-hearted and affectionate. But the dominant Key in his character is his hatred for the cruel oppressors and his love for the poor and downtrodden. Robin Hood appears to be devout and orthodox in religion. Another feature of Robin’s view is his reverence for the king. The king appears in the ballads as an intermediary between the outlaws and his officials and judges, as the humorous and understanding guest in the greenwood, feasting on his own stolen deer. In spite of this, the Robin Hood ballads show the fighting spirit, indomitable courage and revolutionary energy of the English peasantry.（此题分两部分作答，第一部分主要分析什么是歌谣以及歌谣的写作主题；第二部分主要分析Robin Hood 的主要内容，主题和Robin Hood的形象。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第10章 20世纪【圣才出品】
第10章20世纪10.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）1. The Two World Wars（两次世界大战）The two World Wars were the direct result of the conflicts between rival imperialist countries and their ambition to dominate the world。
世界上主要敌对帝国主义国家之间争夺世界霸权的斗争直接导致了两次世界大战的发生。
2. The Trends of Literature（文学的主要趋势）(1) Modernism现代主义(2) The Angry Young Men愤怒的青年(3) The Theatre of the Absurd荒诞派戏剧Ⅱ. Modernism（现代主义）1. General Understanding of Modernism（对现代主义的整体理解）(1) Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets, novelists, painters, and musicians between1910 and the early yearsafter the World War Ⅱ.现代主义是一个比较模糊的概念，指的是在1910年至第二次世界大战之间的一批诗人、小说家、画家、音乐家的作品。
(2) Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism. In the eyes of modernist writers, the modern world is a chaotic one and is incomprehensible. Although modern society is materially rich, it is spiritually barren. It is a land of spiritual and emotional sterility.孤立与孤独是现代主义的基本主题。
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英国文学选读复习资料罗经国集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-Chapter 11.Earliest settlers---Celts2.55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman Empire(London was founded)3.演变Celts- Romans – Anglo-Saxon – English4.Julius Caesar , the first general came to British5.500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex, the Celts KingArthur.His followers , who were know as the knights of the round table, fight for their kingdom against the AS invaders.6.9th century, King Alfred , the great of Wessex lead the ASkings to defeat the invaders by uniting their forces.7.the Norman Conquest1066, Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward Ⅱ. And Normandy beat the Harold at the Hesting.8.Two highlight in the development of AS literatureA. Northumrian School○1the first AS poet ---CaedmonThe earliest English poet. According to Bede, he was anelderly herdsman who received the power of song in avision.○2Vernerable Bede, A monk write in Lain <The Ecclesiastical History of the English People> Father of English HistoryB. the reign of Alfred Contribution○1translate a number of Latin books into West Saxondialect○2<The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle>○3created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose9. A long epic poetry 长篇叙事诗<Beowulf>A.the earliest heroic poetryB.the most significant poetryC.existed in oral form as early as the 6th centuryD.Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements10.Difference between Old Eng poetry , later poetry istechnical structure11.There are two poetic features of Old English poetry:alliteration and kenning.Chapter 21.流行Romance 主要写Knights2.Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066accelerated the development of feudalism 封建主义in ENG3.Categories of Romances: The matter of Erance ,the matter ofRome , the matter of Britain4.Middle ENG:A.words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure areusually of the French originB.many inflectional form of words were droppedC.formal grammar simplified5. Medieval Romance (Subject Matters)A. matter of French (Charlemagne the Great, Roland, <Chanson de Roland>)B. matter of Rome (Alexander the Great, The siege of Troy)C. Britain the Arthurian LegendBy Sir Gawain, Launce lot, Marlin, the quest for Holy Grail, the Death of King Arthur.Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer1.The Hundreds’ Years War is an awakening of nationalConsciousness in ENG,the French heroine Joan of Arc贞德2.Geoffrey Chaucer (Buried in the Poets’ Conner inWestminster Abbey)A.Father of Eng poetryB.The work of Geoffrey Chaucer○1influenced by French literature<The Book of the Duchess>○2influenced by Boccaccio <Travius and Cryseyde>○3<The Canterbury Tales >坎特伯雷故事集The general prologue 总序is the best part of it.3.the significances of <The Canterbury Tales>A.Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s timeB.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highlycommended 高度赞赏by criticsC.Geoffrey Chaucer’s humorD.Chaucer’s contribution to ENG languageE.Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English4.John WycliffA.father of ENG proseB.one of the first figures who demanded to reform churchC.the one translate Bible into standard ENG5.William Langland<Sir Gawain> <Green Knights><The Vision ofPiers Plowman>Chapter 41.main eventsA.The war of the Rose ,the thirty Years War(the house ofLancaster/Red, the house of York)B.The discovery of American and the new sea routesC.Reformation of church. HenryⅧ found the Anglican Church,break away from the church of Rome.2.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story3.Characters of BalladsA.the beginning is often abruptB.have strong dramatic elementsC.the story is told through dialogue and actionD.the theme is often tragicE.the meter格律is used (contains four-line stanzas, theodd numbered line奇数four feet, the even numbered line偶数three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.)4.BalladsA.<Robin Hood> A legendary hero living during the reign ofRichard the Lion Heated 金雀花王朝B.<The Death of King Arthur>By Sir Thomas Mallory prefectthe king Arthur5.Early ENG Plays(the 14th )developed into(mystery Plays神秘剧， miracle plays 奇迹剧)6.The flourishing of dramathe reason: no other entertainment ,both rich and poor can go to thereChapter 5英国文学史上三次高潮 15th ENG Renaissance— 19th上Romantic —19th 下 Victoria1.The BackgroundQueen Elizabeth , defeat the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队, mighty naval power强有力的海军.2.Humanism 人文主义Rebirth(文艺复兴的时代精神)Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means“rebirth ” in ENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观According to the Humanist scholars it was against humannature to ○1sacrifice the happiness of the life for an after life. They argued that ○2man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church, In art andliterati on, instead of happiness in his life. Humanismshattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman catholic church and opened his eyes to “abrave new world” in front of him.4.Edmund Spenser <The Faerie Queen>5.The University WitsA.Robert GreeneB.Thomas Kyd <The Spanish Tragedy>C.Christopher Marlowe<The tragic History of Doctor Faustus>The blank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter6.William ShakespeareA.发展○1Early years of his apprenticeship学徒期○2Growth and development○3gloom and depression○4restored serenityB.achievement○1represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people○2S’ humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love○3S’ characterization, S’ characters are round 丰满的而非flatter 扁平○4originality○5as a great poet in sonnets○6master of the Eng language7.Four Tragedy : Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, The Tragedy ofMacbeth8.Sonnets (Italy/Petrarch’s —the first one, S’s)A.definition A short song in the original meaning of theword become a poet of 14 lines. Usually in iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步 with various rhyming schemes.B.Sonnet, 3 quatrains, 1 couplet (Shakespeare’s<Mr.W.H><Dark Lady>)9.S’s sonnets are different from Petrach’s.Petrach’s sonnets is divided into an octave(八音) which typically rhymes abba abba , and a sestet, which may have varying rhyme schemes.Shakespeare’s sonnets (English sonnets)consists of 3quatrains and 1 couplet ,which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends with a surprised conclusion or a shift ofideas.Petrach abba abba / cde cdeShakespeare abab cdcd efef / gg10.Hamlet —Humanist (melancholy忧郁 procrastination优柔寡断) Chapter 6From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution1.Background(the ENG bourgeois revolution 资产阶级革命，农民与贵族阶级，Anglican church 与Puritanical Church)2.Glorious Revolution 1688In 1688, William signed <The Bill of Rights> presented by Parliament, which greatly restricted the power of English King hence four ENGLAND has become a country ofconstitutional monarchy.君主立宪制3.The King James Bible of 1611Old Testament in HebrewsNew Testament in GreekThe earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon, Bade and King Alfred.4.Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as “the pioneer of EngMaterialism唯心主义”5.<Of Studies>目的：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability.功效：History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematicssubtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.方法：Books are able to be tasked, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.6.玄学派特点（Metaphysical Poets）John DonneMetaphysical Poets describe a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by hold and ingenious conceits （奇思妙喻）incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought, frequent use of Paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.7.Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love, death and religionMain theme of Cavalier(骑士派)：Carpe Diem及时行乐8.Cavalier: Carpe diem<ＡValediction：forbidding mourning >A breach, but an expansionLike gold to airy thinness beatIf they be two, they are two so.As stiff twin compasses are two.THEME, 他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱。