初中英语一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句的改法

一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句的改法(150308)
动词的分类
Be动词：is, am, are, was, were
助动词：do, does, did, has, have, had
动词情态动词：can, must, may, should, 等
实义动词：run, eat, play, like, 等等。

陈述句改为一般疑问句的改法：
一般疑问句：以be动词、助动词、情态动词为句首，句末有问号（？）的句子。

例如：
Is she a doctor. 她是一名医生吗？
Has she got any grapes? 她有些葡萄吗？（这里的has是助动词，got（get的原形）是有的意思。

Can you fly? 你会飞吗？
当句子中的谓语只有实义动词，没有be动词、助动词、情态动词的时候，句子变一般疑问句时要加do、does、did（do、dose的过去式）其中之一。

如：The fox likes grapes. 句子的谓语没有be动词、助动词、情态动词，只有likes，like是实义动词，因此，句首要加助动词；又因为the fox是第三人称单数，句首的助动词就用does. 句子的就变成Does the fox like grapes? 注意原来likes中的s，要删除。

一般疑问句主语和be动词、助动词、情态动词倒装。

没有这三类词时要加助动词。

如：
She is a doctor. to school at seven.
Is she a doctor? Does
记住：实义动词始终在主语的后面。

注意：述句（句子后面只有句号的句子）给成一般疑问句时，一般情况下，还要把第一人称I、we、my、our改成you、your，把some变成any。

如：
making
变成：Have you got any apples? Are you your aeroplane?
We are watching TV. 变成：Are you watching TV?
还要注意：如果has、have、had、do、does、did后面是名词时，has、have就不是助动词了，他们是实义动词。

改一般疑问时不能提前（一般情况下，所有实义动词都不能提到主语前面），要根据时态加助动词do、does、did。

如：
Does breakfast everyday?
练习，把下列的句子改成一般疑问句。

1. His father is an English teacher.
2. These cats are crying.
3. They can swim.
4. I like to read English.
5. I go to school on foot.
6. He likes English.
7. His father goes to work by bus.
8. He is crying under the tree.
9. His birthday is on the twentieth of November.
10. Mrs. Li and Kitty are in a big shop.
11. Kitty is wearing her new uniform.
12. The boy under the tree is hungry.
13. He goes to school every day.
14. I want to have a model car.
15. She wants a cup of coffee.
16. Mrs. Li and Kitty watch television at night.
17. I do my homework after school.
18.I have got some grapes.
19.Tom’s got a bird.
20.Kitty and Tom have got a dog.
21.I have breakfast(早饭) every morning.
22.They do their homework after school(放学).
否定句的改法
首先要认清“否”就是“不”的意思，在英语中就是not或not的省略形式n’t。

否定句是在be动词、助动词、情态动词后加not或not的缩略形式n’t。

人称不变化。

实义动词不能直接加否定词，须加助动词doesn’t（第三人称单数）、don’t、didn’t。

例如：I am English teacher. 改成：I am not （aren’t也可以）English teacher.
She has got some apples. 改成：She hasn’t（has not也可以）got any apples.
注意：一些否定词hardly（几乎不）few（很少可数）little（很少不可数）nothing（没有）none（没有人或物）等也是否定词。

含有此类否定词的句子也是否定句。

am not的否定缩略形式是aren’t
如：Su yang often plays football.可以改成：
Su yang doesn't play football (at all).
Su yang seldom plays football.
Su yang never plays football.
Some改成否定句一般也要改成any。

练习，将下列句子改为否定句。

1. His father is an English teacher.
2. These cats are crying.
3. They can swim.
4. I like to read English.
5. I go to school on foot.
6. He likes English.
7. Mrs. Li and Kitty watch television at night.
8. I do my homework after school.
9.I have got some grapes.
10.Tom’s got a bird.
11.I have breakfast(早饭) every morning.
12.They do their homework after school(放学).
13. Kitty often goes to the cinema（去看电影）.
特殊疑问句的改法：以特殊疑问词开头，对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问/ 进行发问,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no,的句子叫特殊疑问句。

特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词为句首，句末有问号的句子。

特殊疑问词包括what（什么）、when（什么时候）、who（谁）、which（哪个）、where （在哪里）和how（怎么）基本疑问词（5w，1h），和多种由基本疑问词变化的疑问词。

如由what变化的的what time（时间点）、what day（星期几）、what kind（什么种类）、what color（什么颜色）、what shape（什么形状）、what length（什么长度）等。

由who 变化的whose（谁的）、whom（谁，宾格）。

由which变化的which book（哪个苹果）、which pens（那支笔）等。

由how变化的how long（多长时间）、how soon（多快，时间的快，多用在将来时态）、how often（多久几次）、how old（多大，年龄大小）、how far（多远，距离）、how many/much（多少数量，many+复数，much+不可数）等。

注意：特殊疑问句和一般疑问句一样，一般情况下要有倒装。

如：
I am reading.
What are you doing?
但如果对主语的提问，则主语谓语不倒装。

如：
Kitty likes grapes.
Who likes grapes?
What是对名词的提问。

What’s your nam? I’m Tom.
What are you doing? I’m reading.
What day is today? It is Tuesday.
What color is the ball? The ball is red.
What kind is the animal（动物）？The animal is a fish.
What shape is the sweet? The sweet is square.
What length is the string? The string is 3 centimeters.
Who对谁或身份提问，以便进一步搞清情况。

Who is your mother? The woman in red is my mother.
Who is the boy beside Miss Fang? He is Kitty’s brothe r.
Whose pens are these? They are Ben’s pen.
Whom (who) do you like? I like my grandfather best.
Which 对选择具体单位提问。

Which do you like best? I like the red pen.
Which book is yours. The yellow book is mine.
一. 划线提问：
1. We have six classes in a day .
2. We play hockey on the field .
3. They can watch TV at home .
4. We play the violin after school .
5. There are three girls in the room .
6. I can buy shoes in a shop .
7. We can go to the park next week .
8. The watch is seventy-two yuan .
9. I like science field trip very much .
10. They do exercises at ten .
11. My foot hurts .
12. The Animal Hospital is over there .
13. I can make a paper plane .
14. That’s a duck in English .
2.Are these cats crying?
3.Can they swim?
4.Do you like to read English?
5.Do you go to school on foot?
6.Does he like English?
7.Does his father go to work by bus?
8.Is he crying under the tree?
9.Is his birthday on the twentieth of November?
10.Ar Mrs. Li and Kitty in a big shop?
11.Is Kitty wearing her new uniform?
12.Is the boy under the tree hungry?
13.Does he go to school every day?
14.Do you want to have a model car?
15.Does she want a cup of coffee?
16.Do Mrs. Li and Kitty watch television at night?
17.Do you do your homework after school?
18.Have you got any grapes?
19.Has you got a bird?
20. Have Kitty and Tom got a dog?
21.Do you have breakfast every morning? 这里的have是吃的意思。

22.Do they do their homework after school? do their homework中的do是做的意思。

答案：
1.His father isn’t an English teacher. /is not
2.These cats aren’t crying. /are not
3.They can’t swim. /can not /cannot
4.I don’t like to read English. /do n ot
5.I don’t go to school on foot. /do not
6.He doesn’t like English. /does not
7.Mrs.Li and Kitty don’t watch television at night. /do not
8.I don’t do my homework after school. /do not
9.I haven’t got some grapes. /have not
10.Tom hasn’t got a bird. /has not
11.I don’t have breakfast every morning. /do not
12.They don’t do their homework after school. /do not
13. Kitty seldom goes to the cinema. /never/does … at all
答案：1. How many classes do you have in a day ? 2. Where do you play hockey ?
3. Where can they watch TV ?
4. What do you do after school ?
5. How many girls are there in the room ?
6. Where can you buy shoes ?
7. What can you do next week ? 8. How much is the watch ?
9. How do you like science field trip ? 10. What do they do at ten ?
11. Wh at’s wrong with your foot ? 12. Where is the Animal Hospital ?
13. What can you make ? 14. What’s that in English ?。