铝合金外文翻译
铝合金压铸模英文翻译
program, and then other sections such as biscuit, runner, gate, and overflow were also modeled in the order. Figure 1 shows an example of mold modeling to manufacturer clutch housing parts in application of the high-pressure die casting method. Five gates were used, and the thickness was 3 mm. Figure 2 shows the 3D image of a mold in actual size modeled by using Pro/ENGINEER. The total weight of the mold weighed in 3D modeling was about 12.52 ton, the fixed mold about 3.83 ton, and the moving mold about 8.69 ton, respectively. Two slide cores were operated with five tunnel pins. Specially applied was a chill block with no vacuum device. To prevent dispersion toward the chill block upon casting, a vent insert was added between the moving core and chill block as a shock-observing device to decelerate melting. A slipper was added around the four guide pins to handle problems that might occur to the mold. To prevent the slide core from being pushed toward the hydraulic cylinder upon closing the mold, a retrograding-preventive plate was installed on the fixed mold base. A distributor in contact with the sleeve was designed in a plate type. The hydraulic cylinder applied to
外文翻译中英对照版
VOLUME 30 ISSUE 2 October 2008Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing EngineeringCopyright by International OCSCO World Press. All rights reserved.2008 151 Research paper 2008年十月期2卷30材料与制造工程成果期刊版权所有:国际OCSCO 世界出版社。
一切权利保有。
2008 ??151研究论文1. Introduction Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new solid-state welding method developed by The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991 [1]. The weld is formed by the excessive deformation of the material at temperatures below its melting point, thus the method is a solid state joining technique. There is no melting of the material, so FSW has several advantages over the commonly used fusion welding techniques [2-10].1.导言摩擦搅拌焊接(FSW)是焊接学?会于1991年研发的一种新型固态焊接方法。
这种焊接?是由材料在低于其熔点的温度上过量变形形成,因此此技术是一种固态连接技术。
材料不熔化,所以FSW 相比常用的熔化焊接技术有若干优势。
例如,在焊接区无多孔性或破裂,工件(尤其薄板上)没有严重扭曲,并且在连接过程中不需要填料、保护气及昂贵的焊接准备there is no significant distortion of the workpieces (particularly in thin plates), and there is no need for filler materials, shielding gases and costly weld preparation during this joining process. FSW被认为是对若干材料例如铝合金、镁合金、黄铜、钛合金及钢最显著且最有潜在用途的焊接技术FSW is considered to be the most remarkable and potentially useful welding technique for several materials, such as Al-alloys, Mg-alloys, brasses, Ti-alloys, and steels [1-16]. 然而,在FSW过程中,用不合适的焊接参数能引起连接处失效,并且使FSW连接处的力学性能恶化。
铝合金的种类及特性
铝合金的种类及特点一、铝合金的种类铸造铝合金按化学成分可分为铝硅合金,铝铜合金,铝镁合金和铝锌合金。
1、压力加工铝合金铝合金压力加工产品分为防锈(LF)、硬质(LY)、锻造(LD)、超硬(LC)、包覆(LB)、特殊(LT)及钎焊(LQ)等七类。
常用铝合金材料的状态为退火(M焖火)、硬化(Y)、热轧(R)等三种。
2、纯铝产品纯铝分冶炼品和压力加工品两类,前者以化学成份Al表示,后者用汉语拼音LG(铝、工业用的)表示。
3、铝材铝和铝合金经加工成一定形状的材料统称铝材,包括板、带、箔、管、棒、线、型等。
4、高强度铝合金高强度铝合金指其抗拉强度大于480兆帕的铝合金,主要是压力加工铝合金中硬铝合金类、超硬铝合金类和铸造合金类。
5、铸造铝合金铸造铝合金(ZL)按成分中铝以外的主要元素硅、铜、镁、锌分为四类,代号编码分别为100、200、300、400。
铝合金密度低,但强度比较高,接近或超过优质钢,塑性好,可加工成各种型材,具有优良二、铝合金的物理特性铝合金密度低,但强度比较高,接近或超过优质钢,塑性好,可加工成各种型材,具有优良的导电性、导热性和抗蚀性,工业上广泛使用,使用量仅次于钢。
三、铝合金按加工方法分为形变铝合金和铸造铝合金两大类:1、变形铝合金能承受压力加工。
可加工成各种形态、规格的铝合金材。
主要用于制造航空器材、建筑用门窗等。
形变铝合金又分为不可热处理强化型铝合金和可热处理强化型铝合金。
不可热处理强化型不能通过热处理来提高机械性能,只能通过冷加工变形来实现强化,它主要包括高纯铝、工业高纯铝、工业纯铝以及防锈铝等。
可热处理强化型铝合金可以通过淬火和时效等热处理手段来提高机械性能,它可分为硬铝、锻铝、超硬铝和特殊铝合金等。
2、铸造铝合金按化学成分可分为铝硅合金,铝铜合金,铝镁合金,铝锌合金和铝稀土合金,其中铝硅合金又有过共晶硅铝合金,共晶硅铝合金,单共晶硅铝合金,铸造铝合金在铸态下使用。
一些铝合金可以采用热处理获得良好的机械性能,物理性能和抗腐蚀性能。
铝合金英文单词
铝合金英文单词一、“aluminum alloy”(铝合金)(一)单词释义“aluminum”指铝这种金属元素,“alloy”表示合金,是由两种或两种以上的金属或金属与非金属经一定方法所合成的具有金属特性的物质。
所以“aluminum alloy”就是铝与其他一种或多种元素(如铜、镁、硅等)形成的合金。
(二)单词用法1. 作主语:Aluminum alloy is widely used in modern industries.(铝合金在现代工业中被广泛使用。
)2. 作宾语:We need to choose a suitable aluminum alloy for this project.(我们需要为这个项目选择一种合适的铝合金。
)3. 作定语:The aluminum alloy frame is very strong.(这个铝合金框架非常坚固。
)(三)近义词1. aluminium alloy(英式拼写,与aluminum alloy同义)2. aluminiferous alloy(含铝的合金,比较书面化的表达)(四)短语搭配1. aluminum alloy window(铝合金窗)2. aluminum alloy plate(铝合金板)3. high - strength aluminum alloy(高强度铝合金)(五)双语例句1. “Look at this bike! Its frame is made of aluminum alloy. It's so light yet durable. It's like a nimble little deer in the forest of transportation options.”(看这辆自行车!它的车架是由铝合金制成的。
它又轻又耐用。
就像交通选择森林里一只灵活的小鹿。
)2. “I'm thinking of getting some new furniture. Aluminum alloy furniture might be a great choice. It gives a modern and sleek look. Don't you think so?”(我正在考虑买些新家具。
外文翻译---轴承的摩擦与润滑
附录1 外文文献的中文译文轴承的摩擦与润滑现在看来,有很多这种情况,许多学生在被问到关于摩擦的问题时,往往都没引起足够的重视,甚至是忽视它。
实际上,摩擦从某种程度上说,存在于任何两个相接触并有相对运动趋势的部件之间。
而摩擦这个词,本身就意味着,两个或两个以上部件的阻止相对运动趋势。
在一个机器中,运动部件的摩擦是有害的,因为它降低了机械对能量的充分利用。
由它引起的热能是一种浪费的能量。
因为不能用它做任何事情。
还有,它还需要更大的动力来克服这种不断增大的摩擦。
热能是有破坏性的。
因为它产生了膨胀。
而膨胀可以使得轴承或滑动表面之间的配合更紧密。
如果因为膨胀导致了一个足够大的积压力,那么,这个轴承就可能会卡死或密封死。
另外,随着温度的升高,如果不是耐高温材料制造的轴承,就可能会损坏甚至融化。
在运动部件之间会发生很多摩擦,如1.启动摩擦2.滑动摩擦3.转动摩擦。
启动摩擦是两个固体之间产生的倾向于组织其相对运动趋势的摩擦。
当两个固体处于静止状态时,这两个零件表面的不平度倾向于相互嵌入,形成楔入作用,为了使这些部件“动”起来。
这些静止部件的凹谷和尖峰必须整理光滑,而且能相互抵消。
这两个表面之间越不光滑,由运动造成的启动摩擦(最大静摩擦力)就会越大。
因为,通常来说,在两个相互配合的部件之间,其表面不平度没有固定的图形。
一旦运动部件运动起来,便有了规律可循,滑动就可以实现这一点。
两个运动部件之间的摩擦就叫做滑动摩擦。
启动摩擦通常都稍大于滑动摩擦。
转动摩擦一般发生在转动部件和设备上,这些设备“抵触”极大的外作用力,当然这种外力会导致部件的变形和性能的改变。
在这种情况下,转动件的材料趋向于堆积并且强迫运动部件缓慢运动,这种改变就是通常所说的形变。
可以使分子运动。
当然,最终的结果是,这种额外的能量产生了热能,这是必需的。
因为它可以保证运动部件的运动和克服摩擦力。
由运动部件的表面不平度的楔入作用引起的摩擦可以被部分的克服,那就需要靠两表面之间的润滑。
铝材专业词汇--中英文对照
铝型材行业词汇-铝材英语铝锭Aluminum Ingot氧化铝alumina ,aluminum oxide氢氧化铝Hydrogen alumina电解铝electrolyse aluminum镀铝aluminum plating铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板colored Aluminum plate纯铝板pure Aluminum plate复合铝板clad aluminium硬铝板duralumin sheet铝合金Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy 铝黄铜aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze高铝砖alumina brick铝合金型材aluminium alloy sections铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝型材Aluminumprofile铝棒Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝箔Aluminum foil铝卷Aluminum roll铝带/铝条Aluminum strip铝线Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线aluminium cable steel reinforcing铝管Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器aluminium cell lightning arrester挤压铝窗台extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝曲管bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器Radiator铝塑板Aluminum plastic board铝天花Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝幕墙Aluminum curtain wall铝制品Aluminum products铝制器皿aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片Aluminum wafer铝铸件Aluminum casting铝锻件Aluminum forge铝盖Aluminum cover铝箱Aluminum trunk铝梯Aluminum stairs铝粉Aluminumpowder高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics铝门窗Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝aluminium scrap铝片sheet aluminium铝标牌aluminium scutcheon铝铆钉aluminum rivet铝轮毂aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝virgin Aluminum铝梁aluminum beam工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials铁分离器iron separator磁性上辊magnetic roller过滤器filter去磁器demagnetizer振动筛vibration sieve熔炼焊剂smelting flux镁助熔剂eliminate magnesium flux原辅材料Raw Materials铝矿aluminum ore铝土矿alumyte铝矾土bauxite铝砂aloxite涂料coating耐火材料refractory material稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)添加剂additive氟化盐fluoride salt氧化锌zinc oxide氟化铝aluminium fluoride硅酸铝aluminum silicate氯化铝aluminum chloride硝酸铝aluminum nitrate氮化铝aluminum nitride焦碳. coke石灰石limestone冰晶石cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油flux oil滤清油filtering oil纯碱alkali絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture液碱精炼剂refining agent覆盖剂covering agent打渣剂fluxing medium液压油hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板screen plate包装材料Packaging Material抛光剂polishing composition纸管paper tube纸制品paper products纸板paperboard厚纸板cardboard铝酸盐aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸aluminic acid铝铸件aluminium castings铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝化荧光屏aluminized screen渗铝aluminizing铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 铝焊料aluminum solder防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料alumina-bearing material高铝矿渣aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉Industrial furnace挤压设备extrusion equipment铝电解设备Aluminum electrolyse Equipment熔铸设备Founding Equipment净化设备Purifying Equipment冷轧设备Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备Founding Equipment包装设备packaging equipment检测设备inspection equipment切割设备Cutting Equipment磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备Jointing equipment压延设备Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备cutting apparatus剪切设备shearing equipment涂层设备Coating equipment清洗设备cleaning equipment喷涂设备spraying equipment抛光设备polishing unit气体发生设备gas generation equipment工业毛毡Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding≤-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------其他others铝支承结构aluminum bearing structure铝雷管aluminum blasting cap铝车身aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜aluminum brass铝桥aluminum bridge铝青铜aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门aluminum building entrance door铝制建筑构件aluminum building member铝制建筑制品aluminum building product铝制建筑板材aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件aluminum building unit铝心电缆aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套aluminum cable sheath铝雷管aluminum cap铸铝aluminum casting铸铝合金aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材aluminum channel花纹铝箔aluminum checker/checkered foil铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件aluminum component铝化合物aluminum compound铝芯电缆aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材aluminum corrugated section铝制波纹片aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材aluminum decorative section压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟aluminum eave gutter/ trought铝电极法aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品aluminum extrusion铝制结构立面aluminum facade铅制结构正面aluminum face铝制围栏aluminum fence铝制小五金aluminum fillings铝指板aluminum finger plate高岭土aluminum flake防雨铝板aluminum flashing楼面铝aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring finish薄铝片aluminum foil铝箔背衬aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶aluminum folded plate roof铝制模板aluminum form铝制模板aluminum form work铝制框架aluminum frame铝制结构立面aluminum front铝密封垫圈aluminum gasket铝金aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂aluminum grease铝窗格aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅aluminum grille铝制扶手aluminum hand railing铝制小五金aluminum handware铝制铰链aluminum hinge氢氧化铝aluminum hydrate铝铁aluminum iron铝衬裹aluminum lining铝制过梁aluminum lintel铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件aluminum member铝网aluminum mesh铝模aluminum mould铝钉aluminum nail铝装饰型材aluminum ornamental section铝支柱底板aluminum outrigger base铝涂料aluminum paint银粉漆涂层aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙aluminum partition银灰漆aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板aluminum perforated ceiling铝柱aluminum post铝打底涂料aluminum primer铝材aluminum product成型铝板aluminum profile panel成型薄铝板aluminum profile sheet成型铝板aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手aluminum pull铝门拉手aluminum pull handle铝檩条aluminum purlin铝扶手aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗aluminum rolling shutter铝制卷板条aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶aluminum roofing夹层铝板aluminum sandwch panel铝窗框aluminum sash铝螺丝aluminum screw密封铝皮aluminum seal/sealing sheeting铝结构型材aluminum section铝结构型材aluminum shape铝制建筑板材aluminum sheet铝皮镶面aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面aluminum sheeting roof铝模板aluminum shuttering铝墙板aluminum siding硅酸铝aluminum silicate铝仓筒aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink unit铝包皮aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗aluminum slatted rollor blink 推拉式铝门aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂aluminum smelting plant铝皂aluminum soap软铝棉aluminum soft wool铝焊料aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝制支架底板aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝aluminum stearate铝钢aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆aluminum street lighting column 铝板条aluminum strip硫酸铝aluminum sulphate硫酸铝aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门aluminum swing door铝轨aluminum track铝结构型材aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸aluminum wallpaper铝焊条aluminum welding rod铝窗装置aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维aluminum wool锻制铝合金aluminum wrought alloy锌铝aluminum zinc铝密封alumiseal明矾石alumite氧化铝板alumite tile防蚀铝线alumite wire明矾石alumstone铝氧粉alundum刚铝石水泥alundum cement铝石砖alundum tile。
铝合金的英语词汇
铝合金的英语词汇产品 Products铝锭Aluminum Ingot氧化铝 alumina ,aluminum oxide氢氧化铝 Hydrogen alumina电解铝electrolyse aluminum镀铝aluminum plating铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板 Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板 colored Aluminum plate纯铝板pure Aluminum plate复合铝板clad aluminium硬铝板 duralumin sheet铝合金Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金,安奇可罗达耐蚀铝硅镁合金; 铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy铝黄铜aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze高铝砖alumina brick铝合金型材aluminium alloy sections铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝型材Aluminum profile铝棒 Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝箔 Aluminum foil铝卷 Aluminum roll铝带/铝条 Aluminum strip铝线 Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线 aluminium cable steel reinforcing铝管 Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管 finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管 extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器 aluminium cell lightning arrester挤压铝窗台 extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝曲管bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器 Radiator铝塑板 Aluminum plastic board铝天花 Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板 aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝幕墙 Aluminum curtain wall铝制品 Aluminum products铝制器皿 aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片 Aluminum wafer铝铸件 Aluminum casting铝锻件Aluminum forge铝盖 Aluminum cover铝箱 Aluminum trunk铝梯 Aluminum stairs铝粉 Aluminum powder高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics铝门窗 Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝aluminium scrap铝片 sheet aluminium铝标牌 aluminium scutcheon铝铆钉 aluminum rivet铝轮毂 aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶 aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝 virgin Aluminum铝梁 aluminum beam工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials 铁分离器iron separator磁性上辊 magnetic roller过滤器 filter去磁器demagnetizer振动筛vibration sieve熔炼焊剂 smelting flux镁助熔剂 eliminate magnesium flux原辅材料 Raw Materials铝矿aluminum ore铝土矿alumyte铝矾土bauxite铝砂aloxite涂料 coating耐火材料 refractory material稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)添加剂 additive氟化盐 fluoride salt氧化锌zinc oxide氟化铝aluminium fluoride硅酸铝aluminum silicate氯化铝aluminum chloride硝酸铝aluminum nitrate氮化铝aluminum nitride焦碳. coke石灰石 limestone冰晶石 cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油flux oil滤清油filtering oil纯碱 alkali絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture 液碱精炼剂refining agent覆盖剂covering agent打渣剂fluxing medium液压油hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板screen plate包装材料 Packaging Material抛光剂 polishing composition纸管 paper tube纸制品 paper products纸板 paperboard厚纸板 cardboard铝酸盐 aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸aluminic acid铝铸件aluminium castings铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝化荧光屏aluminized screen渗铝aluminizing铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory铝焊料aluminum solder防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料alumina-bearing material高铝矿渣aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉 Industrial furnace挤压设备extrusion equipment铝电解设备 Aluminum electrolyse Equipment 熔铸设备Founding Equipment净化设备 Purifying Equipment冷轧设备 Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备 Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备Founding Equipment包装设备 packaging equipment检测设备inspection equipment切割设备 Cutting Equipment磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备 Jointing equipment压延设备 Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备 Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备 Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备 Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备 Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备 aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备 cutting apparatus剪切设备 shearing equipment涂层设备 Coating equipment清洗设备 cleaning equipment喷涂设备 spraying equipment抛光设备 polishing unit气体发生设备 gas generation equipment工业毛毡 Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding≤-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------其他 others铝支承结构 aluminum bearing structure铝雷管 aluminum blasting cap铝车身 aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面 aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜 aluminum brass铝桥 aluminum bridge铝青铜 aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料 aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门 aluminum building entrance door铝制建筑构件 aluminum building member铝制建筑制品 aluminum building product铝制建筑板材 aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件 aluminum building unit铝心电缆 aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套 aluminum cable sheath铝雷管 aluminum cap。
铝行业地一些常用英语词汇
铝行业的一些常用英语词汇产品 Products铝锭Aluminum Ingot氧化铝 alumina ,aluminum oxide氢氧化铝 Hydrogen alumina电解铝electrolyse aluminum镀铝aluminum plating铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板 Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板 colored Aluminum plate纯铝板pure Aluminum plate复合铝板clad aluminium硬铝板 duralumin sheet铝合金Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy铝黄铜aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze高铝砖alumina brick铝合金型材aluminium alloy sections铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝型材Aluminum profile铝棒 Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝箔 Aluminum foil铝卷 Aluminum roll铝带/铝条 Aluminum strip铝线 Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线 aluminium cable steel reinforcing 铝管 Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管 finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管 extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器 aluminium cell lightning arrester 挤压铝窗台 extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝曲管bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器 Radiator铝塑板 Aluminum plastic board铝天花 Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板 aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝幕墙 Aluminum curtain wall铝制品 Aluminum products铝制器皿 aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片 Aluminum wafer铝铸件 Aluminum casting铝锻件Aluminum forge铝盖 Aluminum cover铝箱 Aluminum trunk铝梯 Aluminum stairs铝粉 Aluminum powder高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics铝门窗 Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝aluminium scrap铝片 sheet aluminium铝标牌 aluminium scutcheon铝铆钉 aluminum rivet铝轮毂 aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶 aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝 virgin Aluminum铝梁 aluminum beam工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials 铁分离器iron separator磁性上辊 magnetic roller过滤器 filter去磁器demagnetizer振动筛vibration sieve熔炼焊剂 smelting flux镁助熔剂 eliminate magnesium flux原辅材料 Raw Materials铝矿aluminum ore铝土矿alumyte铝矾土bauxite铝砂aloxite涂料 coating耐火材料 refractory material稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)添加剂 additive氟化盐 fluoride salt氧化锌zinc oxide氟化铝aluminium fluoride硅酸铝aluminum silicate氯化铝aluminum chloride硝酸铝aluminum nitrate氮化铝aluminum nitride焦碳. coke石灰石 limestone冰晶石 cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油flux oil滤清油filtering oil纯碱 alkali絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture液碱精炼剂refining agent覆盖剂covering agent打渣剂fluxing medium液压油hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板screen plate包装材料 Packaging Material抛光剂 polishing composition纸管 paper tube纸制品 paper products纸板 paperboard厚纸板 cardboard铝酸盐 aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸aluminic acid铝铸件aluminium castings铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝化荧光屏aluminized screen渗铝aluminizing铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 铝焊料aluminum solder防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料alumina-bearing material高铝矿渣aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉 Industrial furnace挤压设备extrusion equipment铝电解设备 Aluminum electrolyse Equipment 熔铸设备Founding Equipment净化设备 Purifying Equipment冷轧设备 Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备 Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备Founding Equipment包装设备 packaging equipment检测设备inspection equipment切割设备 Cutting Equipment磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备 Jointing equipment压延设备 Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备 Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备 Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备 Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备 Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备 aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备 cutting apparatus剪切设备 shearing equipment涂层设备 Coating equipment清洗设备 cleaning equipment喷涂设备 spraying equipment抛光设备 polishing unit气体发生设备 gas generation equipment工业毛毡 Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould 铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding其他 others铝支承结构 aluminum bearing structure铝雷管 aluminum blasting cap铝车身 aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面 aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜 aluminum brass铝桥 aluminum bridge铝青铜 aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料 aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门 aluminum building entrance door 铝制建筑构件 aluminum building member铝制建筑制品 aluminum building product铝制建筑板材 aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件 aluminum building unit铝心电缆 aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套 aluminum cable sheath铝雷管 aluminum cap铸铝 aluminum casting铸铝合金 aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材 aluminum channel花纹铝箔 aluminum checker/checkered foil铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件 aluminum component铝化合物 aluminum compound铝芯电缆 aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材 aluminum corrugated section铝制波纹片 aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件 aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶 aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件 aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材 aluminum decorative section压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟 aluminum eave gutter/ trought铝电极法 aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门 aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品 aluminum extrusion铝制结构立面 aluminum facade铅制结构正面 aluminum face铝饰镶面 aluminum facing铝制围栏 aluminum fence铝制小五金 aluminum fillings铝指板aluminum finger plate高岭土 aluminum flake防雨铝板 aluminum flashing楼面铝 aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层 aluminum flooring finish 薄铝片 aluminum foil铝箔背衬 aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热 aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶 aluminum folded plate roof 铝制模板 aluminum form铝制模板 aluminum form work铝制框架 aluminum frame铝制结构立面 aluminum front铝密封垫圈 aluminum gasket铝金aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂 aluminum grease铝窗格 aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅 aluminum grille铝制扶手 aluminum hand railing铝制小五金 aluminum handware铝制铰链 aluminum hinge氢氧化铝 aluminum hydrate铝铁 aluminum iron铝衬裹 aluminum lining铝制过梁 aluminum lintel铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件 aluminum member铝网 aluminum mesh铝模 aluminum mould铝钉 aluminum nail铝装饰型材 aluminum ornamental section铝支柱底板 aluminum outrigger base铝涂料 aluminum paint银粉漆涂层 aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙 aluminum partition银灰漆 aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条 aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板 aluminum perforated ceiling 铝颜料 aluminum pigment铝柱 aluminum post铝打底涂料 aluminum primer铝材 aluminum product成型铝板 aluminum profile panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profile sheet成型铝板 aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板 aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手 aluminum pull铝门拉手 aluminum pull handle铝檩条 aluminum purlin铝扶手 aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅 aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机 aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗 aluminum rolling shutter铝制卷板条 aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶 aluminum roofing夹层铝板 aluminum sandwch panel铝窗框 aluminum sash铝螺丝 aluminum screw密封铝皮 aluminum seal/sealing sheeting铝结构型材 aluminum section铝结构型材 aluminum shape铝制建筑板材 aluminum sheet铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面 aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面 aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面 aluminum sheeting roof铝模板 aluminum shuttering铝墙板 aluminum siding硅酸铝 aluminum silicate铝仓筒 aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒 aluminum sink unit铝包皮 aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱 aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板 aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗 aluminum slatted rollor blink推拉式铝门 aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂 aluminum smelting plant铝皂 aluminum soap软铝棉 aluminum soft wool铝焊料 aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝制支架底板 aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝 aluminum stearate铝钢 aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆 aluminum street lighting column 铝板条 aluminum strip硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate硫酸铝 aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板 aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面 aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门 aluminum swing door铝轨 aluminum track铝结构型材 aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸 aluminum wallpaper铝焊条 aluminum welding rod铝窗装置 aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构 aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维 aluminum wool锻制铝合金 aluminum wrought alloy锌铝 aluminum zinc铝密封 alumiseal明矾石 alumite氧化铝板 alumite tile防蚀铝线 alumite wire明矾石 alumstone铝氧粉 alundum刚铝石水泥 alundum cement铝石砖 alundum tile。
英语专业术语-铝合金熔炼常用术语
英语专业术语-----铝合金熔炼常用术语和定义1、熔炼:smelting通过加热使金属由固态转变为液态,并通过冶金及反应去除金属液中的杂质,使其温度和成分达到规定要求的过程和操作。
2、熔化率:melting rate在单位时间内熔化的金属的重量。
金属总重量之差。
3、熔炼损耗:total melting loss熔炼过程中,由金属氧化、蒸发等原因造成的金属炉料损耗,即投炉金属总重量与收得金属总重量之差。
4、挥发损耗:volatilizing loss合金熔炼过程中,由合金元素蒸发所造成的损耗。
5、元素烧损:melting loss of alloying element合金熔炼过程中某些合金元素的损耗。
一般以该元素损失量占加入量的百分率表示。
6、元素增加:gain of element合金熔炼过程中,由于金属炉料与燃料和炉衬接触导致某些元素含量的增加。
7、熔池:bath炉内、坩埚内或浇包内的熔融金属。
凝固过程中残留在枝晶间的熔融金属也称为熔池。
8、熔剂:flux在冶金过程中,用以覆盖熔池表面,降低熔渣熔点,调整熔渣粘度及脱除金属液中的气体和杂质的物质。
9、除气剂:degassing flux用以从熔融金属和合金中除去气体的物质。
10、覆盖剂:covering flux盖在熔池表面形成液态隔离层的物质。
主要用于隔离大气对金属的作用,有的还起促进冶金反应的作用。
11、炉料:charge装入熔炼炉内材料的总成。
12、金属炉料:metallic charge装入熔炼炉内参与熔炼过程的金属材料、包括金属锭、中间合金、废金属、回炉料等。
13、中间合金【母合金】:master alloy为了便于把合金元素(尤其是易氧化和难熔元素)加入铸造合金而特殊制备的合金。
他比支架加入某种元素更能准确地控制铸造合金的成分和简化操作过程。
中间合金成分的选择,首先要考虑使合金处于脆性区,以便使用是易于敲碎;其次是使其熔点尽可能低,,以简化铸造合金的熔炼操作。
铝合金的英语词汇
铝合金的英语词汇产品Products铝锭Aluminum Ingot氧化铝alumina ,aluminum oxide氢氧化铝Hydrogen alumina电解铝electrolyse aluminum镀铝aluminum plating铝板Aluminum Board/plate/sheet花纹铝板Aluminum embossed sheet彩铝板colored Aluminum plate纯铝板pure Aluminum plate复合铝板clad aluminium硬铝板duralumin sheet铝合金Aluminum alloy锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy铝基合金aluminum base alloy铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy铝基硅镁合金,安奇可罗达耐蚀铝硅镁合金; 铝基硅镁合金anticorodal耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy铝黄铜aluminum brass铝青铜aluminum bronze高铝砖alumina brick铝合金型材aluminium alloy sections铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire铝型材Aluminum profile铝棒Aluminum stick/rod铝圆棒Aluminum round bar铝箔Aluminum foil铝卷Aluminum roll铝带/铝条Aluminum strip铝线Aluminum thread/wire钢芯铝绞线aluminium cable steel reinforcing铝管Aluminum pipe/tube精拉铝管finishing Aluminum tube伸缩铝管extension Aluminum tube挤压铝管extruded aluminum pipe铝管避雷器aluminium cell lightning arrester挤压铝窗台extruded aluminum sill铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps铝曲管bended aluminium tube无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe散热器Radiator铝塑板Aluminum plastic board铝天花Aluminum ceiling铝板贴面吸声天花板aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles铝幕墙Aluminum curtain wall铝制品Aluminum products铝制器皿aluminium ware铝制建筑构件aluminum unit铝圆片Aluminum wafer铝铸件Aluminum casting铝锻件Aluminum forge铝盖Aluminum cover铝箱Aluminum trunk铝梯Aluminum stairs铝粉Aluminum powder高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics铝门窗Aluminum Doors & Windows废铝aluminium scrap铝片sheet aluminium铝标牌aluminium scutcheon铝铆钉aluminum rivet铝轮毂aluminum wheel spider/hub铝百叶aluminum shutter铝箔制品Aluminum foil products原铝virgin Aluminum铝梁aluminum beam工业铝原料industrial Aluminum materials铁分离器iron separator磁性上辊magnetic roller过滤器filter去磁器demagnetizer振动筛vibration sieve熔炼焊剂smelting flux镁助熔剂eliminate magnesium flux原辅材料Raw Materials铝矿aluminum ore铝土矿alumyte铝矾土bauxite铝砂aloxite涂料coating耐火材料refractory material稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE)添加剂additive氟化盐fluoride salt氧化锌zinc oxide氟化铝aluminium fluoride硅酸铝aluminum silicate氯化铝aluminum chloride硝酸铝aluminum nitrate氮化铝aluminum nitride焦碳. coke石灰石limestone冰晶石cryolite电解滤液electrolyse filtrate熔剂油flux oil滤清油filtering oil纯碱alkali絮凝剂flocculating agent/ admixture液碱精炼剂refining agent覆盖剂covering agent打渣剂fluxing medium液压油hydraulic liquid/medium过滤板screen plate包装材料Packaging Material抛光剂polishing composition纸管paper tube纸制品paper products纸板paperboard厚纸板cardboard铝酸盐aluminate铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion铝酸aluminic acid铝铸件aluminium castings铝镀覆层aluminized coat铝化荧光屏aluminized screen渗铝aluminizing铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 铝焊料aluminum solder防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosive agent防腐涂料anticorrosive paint催化剂catalyzer含铝材料alumina-bearing material高铝矿渣aluminous clinke机械设备Machinery equipment工业炉Industrial furnace挤压设备extrusion equipment铝电解设备Aluminum electrolyse Equipment熔铸设备Founding Equipment净化设备Purifying Equipment冷轧设备Cold-rolled Equipment热轧设备Heat-rolled Equipment铸扎设备Founding Equipment包装设备packaging equipment检测设备inspection equipment切割设备Cutting Equipment磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment焊接设备Jointing equipment压延设备Plain Rolled Equipment隔热设备Thermal-insulation Equipment门窗幕墙设备Doors& Windows and Curtain Wall Equipment 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bending Equipment表面处理设备Surface Treatment Equipment气体发生设备Gas processing Equipment铝电解设备aluminium electrolysis Equipment切割设备cutting apparatus剪切设备shearing equipment涂层设备Coating equipment清洗设备cleaning equipment喷涂设备spraying equipment抛光设备polishing unit气体发生设备gas generation equipment工业毛毡Industrial felt整型机integer machine铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar Extruding Mould铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy铝热还原aluminothermic reduction铝热焊aluminothermic welding≤-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------其他others铝支承结构aluminum bearing structure铝雷管aluminum blasting cap铝车身aluminum body铝砌合屋顶屋面aluminum bonded roof covering铝黄铜aluminum brass铝桥aluminum bridge铝青铜aluminum bronze铝青铜涂料aluminum bronze paint铝制建筑外门aluminum building entrance door铝制建筑构件aluminum building member铝制建筑制品aluminum building product铝制建筑板材aluminum building sheet铝制建筑构件aluminum building unit铝心电缆aluminum cable铝心电缆甲套aluminum cable sheath铝雷管aluminum cap铸铝aluminum casting铸铝合金aluminum casting alloy矾土水泥aluminum cement槽型铝材aluminum channel花纹铝箔aluminum checker/checkered foil铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel铝制建筑构件aluminum component铝化合物aluminum compound铝芯电缆aluminum conductor铝制波纹形aluminum corrugated profile铝制波纹型材aluminum corrugated section铝制波纹片aluminum corrugated sheet铝制波纹构件aluminum corrugated unit铝板屋顶aluminum deck/deck roof铝顶板构件aluminum deck unit铝装饰型材aluminum decorative section压铸铝aluminum die casting铝制檐沟aluminum eave gutter/ trought铝电极法aluminum electrode methed铝制建筑外门aluminum entrance door挤压铝制品aluminum extrusion铝制结构立面aluminum facade铅制结构正面aluminum face铝制围栏aluminum fence铝制小五金aluminum fillings铝指板aluminum finger plate高岭土aluminum flake防雨铝板aluminum flashing楼面铝aluminum floor covering楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring finish薄铝片aluminum foil铝箔背衬aluminum foil backing铝箔绝热aluminum foil insert铝箔绝热aluminum foil insertion铝制折板屋顶aluminum folded plate roof铝制模板aluminum form铝制模板aluminum form work铝制框架aluminum frame铝制结构立面aluminum front铝密封垫圈aluminum gasket铝金aluminum gold铝皂润滑脂aluminum grease铝窗格aluminum grid铝制网格天花板aluminum grid ceiling铝制格栅aluminum grille铝制扶手aluminum hand railing铝制小五金aluminum handware铝制铰链aluminum hinge氢氧化铝aluminum hydrate铝铁aluminum iron铝衬裹aluminum lining铝制过梁aluminum lintel铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy铝制建筑构件aluminum member铝网aluminum mesh铝模aluminum mould铝钉aluminum nail铝装饰型材aluminum ornamental section铝支柱底板aluminum outrigger base铝涂料aluminum paint银粉漆涂层aluminum paint coating铝板隔墙aluminum partition银灰漆aluminum paste铝制玻璃格条aluminum patent glazing bar 多孔铝制天花板aluminum perforated ceiling铝柱aluminum post铝打底涂料aluminum primer铝材aluminum product成型铝板aluminum profile panel成型薄铝板aluminum profile sheet成型铝板aluminum profiled panel成型薄铝板aluminum profiled sheet铝门拉手aluminum pull铝门拉手aluminum pull handle铝檩条aluminum purlin铝扶手aluminum railing滚动式铝格栅aluminum rolling grille铝辊式破碎机aluminum rolling plant卷开铝质百叶窗aluminum rolling shutter铝制卷板条aluminum rolling slat铝制屋顶aluminum roofing夹层铝板aluminum sandwch panel铝窗框aluminum sash铝螺丝aluminum screw密封铝皮aluminum seal/sealing sheeting铝结构型材aluminum section铝结构型材aluminum shape铝制建筑板材aluminum sheet铝皮镶面aluminum sheet facing铝皮镶面aluminum sheet lining铝板屋面aluminum sheet roof铝皮镶面aluminum sheet surface铝板屋面aluminum sheeting roof铝模板aluminum shuttering铝墙板aluminum siding硅酸铝aluminum silicate铝仓筒aluminum silo铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink unit铝包皮aluminum skin超高铝制烟囱aluminum skyscraper铝板放护板aluminum slatted blind铝板卷开百叶窗aluminum slatted rollor blink 推拉式铝门aluminum sliding door铝熔炼厂aluminum smelting plant铝皂aluminum soap软铝棉aluminum soft wool铝焊料aluminum solder铝声控天花板aluminum sound control ceiling铝制支架底板aluminum stabilizer base硬脂酸铝aluminum stearate铝钢aluminum steel道路照明铝制电杆aluminum street lighting column 铝板条aluminum strip硫酸铝aluminum sulphate硫酸铝aluminum sulphate sulfate铝制遮阳板aluminum sunblind铝制遮阳板aluminum sunbreaker铝铺面aluminum surfacing双开式弹簧铝门aluminum swing door铝轨aluminum track铝结构型材aluminum trim铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier铝墙纸aluminum wallpaper铝焊条aluminum welding rod铝窗装置aluminum window furniture铝丝布aluminum wire cloth铝木组合结构aluminum wood composite system 铝纤维aluminum wool锻制铝合金aluminum wrought alloy锌铝aluminum zinc铝密封alumiseal明矾石alumite氧化铝板alumite tile防蚀铝线alumite wire明矾石alumstone铝氧粉alundum刚铝石水泥alundum cement铝石砖alundum tile。
金属合金外文翻译----铁类金属
附录5Ferrous MetalsMetals are divided into two general groups: ferrous metals and nonferrous metals. Ferrous metals are those metals whose major element is iron. The major types of ferrous metals arc irons, carbon steels, alloy steels and tool steels.IronThe iron ore which we find in the earth is not pure. It contains some impurities which we must remove by smelting. The process of smelting consists of heating the ore in a blast furnace with coke and limestone, and reducing it to metal. Blasts of hot air enter the furnace from the bottom and provide the oxygen which is necessary for the reduction of the ore, The ore becomes mohen, and its oxide combines with carbon kom the coke. The non-metallic constituents of there combine with the limestone to form a liquid slag. This floats on top of the molten iron, and passes out of the furnace through a tap. The metal which remains is pig-iron, and consists of approximately 93 percent iron, 5 percent carbon, and 2 percent impurities.Remehing pig iron and scrap iron in a furnace to remove some of the impurities produces cast iron. The type, or grade, of cast iron is determined by the extent of refining, the amounts of pig iron and scrap iron, and the methods used to cast and cool the metal.The three primary types of cast iron are gray cast iron, white cast iron, and malleable iron.Gray cast iron is primarily used for cast frames, automobile engine blocks, handwheel, and east housings. White cast iron is hard and wear resistant and is used for parts such as train wheels. Malleable cast iron is a tough material used for tools such as pipes and wrenches. Generally, cast irons have very good compressive strength, corrosion resistance, and good machinability. The main disadvantage of cast iron is its natural brittleness.Carbon SteelCarbon steel is made from pig iron that has been refined and cleaned of most impurities. Most of the original carbon in the metal is burned out during the refining process. Measured amounts of carbon are then added to the molten metal to produce the exact grade of carbon steel desired. After the steel is poured into ingots and allowed to cool, it is usually sent to a rolling mill to be rolled and formed into specific shapes.The three principal types of carbon steel used in industry are low, medium, and high carbon steel. The percentage of carbon :is the most important factor in determining the mechanical properties of each type of carbon steel. :Low carbon contains between 0. 05% and O. 30% carbon and is primarily used for parts that do not require great strength. Typical uses of low carbonsteel include chains, bolts, screws, washers, nuts, pins, wire, shafting, and pipes. This metal is also known as machine steel, mild steel, and cold-rolled steel. Low carbon steel is tough, ductile material that is easily machined and welded. It is useful for parts that must be stamped or formed.Containing between 0. 30 and 0.50% carbon, medium carbon steel is used for parts that required great strength than is possible with low carbon steel, such as gears, crankshafts, machine parts and axles. Because this steel has higher carbon content, it can be heat-treated to increase both hardness and wear resistance. Medium carbon steel is a tough, hardenable metal that has good machinability and is easily welded.Containing between 0.50 and 1.70% carbon, high carbon steel is used for parts that require hardness and strength, such as files, knives, drills, razors, and woodworking tools. Due to their increased carbon content, high carbon steels can be heat-treated to make them harder and more wear resistant than low or medium carbon steels. Due to their great hardness, high carbon steels are often brittle.Alloy SteelsAlloy steels are basically carbon steels with elements added to modify of change the mechanical properties of the steel. All steels are alloy steels because each is a combination of elements, including carbon steel, a mixture of iron and carbon. To identify the two groups, one is called carbon or plain steel and the other is referred to as alloy steel.Alloying elements are added to the molten steel in measured amounts. The desired end product determines the elements and amounts added. The primary alloying elements and their effect on the steel are as follows: Boron —The hardenability of an alloy is increased by boron. Only very small amounts of boron are needed to increase the hardenability characteristics of the other elements in the alloy.Chromium — When used in small amount, chromium increases the depth hardness of the metal. The more chromium used, the better the alloy resists corrosion. Chromium is a principal element in stainless steels.Cobalt —Cobalt is added to an alloy to increase wear resistance and increase red hardness, which is the ability of a metal to maintain a cutting edge at elevated temperature. Cobalt is a valuable addition to some high-speed tool steels.Lead —By reducing the cutting friction, lead improves machinability. Leaded steels also have good weldability and formability.Manganese —Impurities in alloy steels are controlled by using manganese as a purifier and scavenger. When added in larger amount ( 1 to 15 percent) , manganese produces good hardness and wear resistance.Molybdenum — A tough alloy suitable for a wide range of high-strength applications, molybdenum steel permits good depth hardness and strength at elevated temperatures.Nickel —High-strength alloys resistant to both elevated temperaturesand corrosion are produced by nickel. When alloyed with molybdenum, nickel steel becomes a very tough alloy, which is often used for many aircraft parts. Larger amounts of nickel greatly add to the corrosion resistance of stainless steels.Phosphorus and Sulfur —Free-machining carbon steels are produced with phosphorus and sulfur. When alloyed with carbon steels, phosphorus and suffer produce alloys with excellent machining characteristics.Tungsten —When alloyed with steel, tungsten produces a variety of high-speed tool steels and adds hardenability and strength at elevated temperatures as well as high resistance to wear.Vanadium —A tough, fine-grained steel that acts as a cleanser and purifier to eliminate many of the impurities of steel is produced by vanadium.Tool SteelsTool steels are a special grade of alloy steels used for making a wide variety of tools. Depending on their composition, tool steels are highly resistant to wear, shocks, and heat. These alloys gener ally contain more carbon, tungsten, and cobalt than do the standard alloy steels, i41 Another principal difference between most alloy steels and tool steels is the control with which elements are added.Tool steels are made with much closer quality controls than are other alloy steels.铁类金属金属材料分为两种类型:铁类金属和非铁金属。
铝合金应用英文介绍
3、Aluminium alloys versus of steel
Aluminium alloys typically have an elastic modulus of about 70GPa,which is about one-third of the elastic modulus of most kinds of steel and steel alloys.therefore,for a given load,a component or unit made of an aluminium alloy will expensive a greater elastic deformation than a steel part of the identical size and shape.
4、Heat sensitivity considerations
Often,the metal’s sensitivity to heat also be considered.even a relatively routine workshop procedure involving heating is complicated by the fact that aluminium,unlike steel,will melt without first glowing red.
Light quality, high strength, corrosion resistance, easy forming, welding
铝合金行业专业术语中英文对照
铝合金行业专业术语中英文对照表面预处理surface pretreatment 冰晶石cryolite 薄铝片aluminum foil彩铝板colore Aluminum plate 槽型铝材aluminum channel超高铝制烟囱aluminum skyscraper 超声波清洗ultrasonic clesning成型薄铝板aluminum profile sheet 成型薄铝板aluminum profile sheet成型铝板aluminum profile panel 成型铝板aluminum profile panel 除灰esmutting 纯碱alkali 纯铝板pure Aluminum plate 磁电设备magnetoelectricity Equipment 磁性上辊magnetic roller 催化剂catalyzer 打渣剂fluxing meium 带式磨光belt grining 氮化铝aluminum nitrie 道路照明铝制电杆aluminum street lighting column 电镀electroplating 电解electrolysis 电解浸蚀electrolytic etching 电解滤液electrolyse filtrate 电解铝electrolyse aluminum 电解抛光electroplishing 电解液electorlyte 电解增光electrobrightening 电流密度current ensity 电流效率current efficiency 镀铝aluminum plating 缎面处理satin finishing 锻用铝合金aluminum alloy for temper 锻制铝合金aluminum wrought alloy 多孔铝制天花板aluminum perforate ceiling 矾土水泥aluminum cement 防腐剂anticorroant 防腐剂anticorrosive agent 防腐涂料anticorrosive paint 防蚀铝线alumite wire 防雨铝板aluminum flashing 废铝aluminium scrap 分布能力throwing power 氟化铝aluminium fluorie 氟化盐fluorie salt 辅助电极auxiliary electroe 复合铝板cla aluminium 覆盖剂covering agent 刚铝石水泥alunum cement 钢芯铝绞线aluminium cable steel reinforcing 12345678高岭土aluminum flake 高铝矿渣aluminous clinke 高铝陶瓷alumina ceramics 高铝砖alumina brick 隔热设备Thermal-insulation Equipment 工业炉Inustrial furnace 工业铝原料inustrial Aluminum materials 工业毛毡Inustrial felt 功能性氧化膜functional coating 挂架rack (jig) 光亮浸渍brighe ipping 硅酸铝aluminum silicate 硅酸铝aluminum silicate 硅酸铝耐火材料aluminosilicate refractory 滚动式铝格栅aluminum rolling grille 滚筒磨光tumbling 过滤板screen plate 过滤器filter 含铝材料alumina-bearing material 焊接设备Jointing equipment 厚纸板carboar 花纹铝板Aluminum embosse sheet 花纹铝箔aluminum checker/checkere foil 化学镀electroless plating 化学抛光chemical polishing 化学增光chemical brightening 化学转化chemical conersion 活化activation 机械设备Machinery equipment 挤压铝窗台extrue aluminum sill 挤压铝管extrue aluminum pipe 挤压铝制品aluminum extrusion 挤压设备extrusion equipment 夹层铝板aluminum sanwch panel 剪切设备shearing equipment 检测设备inspection equipment 焦碳. coke 浸蚀etching 精拉铝管finishing Aluminum tube 精炼剂refining agent 净化设备Purifying Equipment 卷开铝质百叶窗aluminum rolling shutter 冷轧设备Col-rolle Equipment 临界电流密度critical current ensity 硫酸铝aluminum sulphate 硫酸铝aluminum sulphate sulfate 楼面铝aluminum floor covering 楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring 楼面铝覆面层aluminum flooring finish 滤清油filtering oil 铝百叶aluminum shutter 铝板Aluminum Boar/plate/sheet 12345678铝板放护板aluminum slatte blin 铝板隔墙aluminum partition 铝板卷开百叶窗aluminum slatte rollor blink 铝板条aluminum strip 铝板贴面吸声天花板aluminum absorbent ceiling 铝板屋顶aluminum eck/eck roof 铝板屋面aluminum sheet roof 铝板屋面aluminum sheeting roof 铝棒Aluminum stick/ro 铝包皮aluminum skin铝标牌aluminium scutcheon 铝箔Aluminum foil 铝箔背衬aluminum foil backing 铝箔绝热aluminum foil insert 铝箔绝热aluminum foil insertion 铝箔制品Aluminum foil proucts 铝材aluminum prouct 铝仓筒aluminum silo 铝车身aluminum boy 铝衬裹aluminum lining 铝窗格aluminum gri 铝窗框aluminum sash 铝窗装置aluminum winow furniture 铝打底涂料aluminum primer 铝带/铝条Aluminum strip 铝电极法aluminum electroe methe 铝电解设备aluminium electrolysis Equipment 铝电解设备Aluminum electrolyse Equipment 铝钉aluminum nail 铝顶板构件aluminum eck unit 铝锭Aluminum Ingot 铝镀覆层aluminize coat 铝锻件Aluminum forge 铝矾土bauxite 铝粉Aluminum power 铝扶手aluminum railing 铝盖Aluminum cover 铝钢aluminum steel 铝铬钢aluminum chrome steel 铝管Aluminum pipe/tube 铝管避雷器aluminium cell lightning arrester 铝硅合金aluminum silicon alloy 铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate 铝轨aluminum track 铝辊式破碎机aluminum rolling plant 铝焊料aluminum soler 铝焊料aluminum soler 铝焊条aluminum weling ro 铝合金Aluminum alloy 铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink 铝合金洗涤盒aluminum sink unit 铝合金线Aluminum alloy wire 12345678铝化合物aluminum compoun 铝化荧光屏aluminize screen 铝黄铜aluminum brass 铝黄铜aluminum brass 铝基硅镁合金anticoroal 铝基合金aluminum base alloy 铝挤压型材:Aluminum Extrusion 或Aluminium Extrusion 铝结构型材aluminum section 铝结构型材aluminum shape 铝结构型材aluminum trim 铝金aluminum gol 铝卷Aluminum roll 铝矿aluminum ore 铝雷管aluminum blasting cap 铝雷管aluminum cap 铝梁aluminum beam 铝檩条aluminum purlin 铝轮毂aluminum wheel spier/hub 铝螺丝aluminum screw 铝铆钉aluminum rivet 铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy 铝镁合金aluminum magnesium alloy 铝门窗Aluminum oors & Winows 铝门拉手aluminum pull 铝门拉手aluminum pull hanle 铝密封alumiseal 铝密封垫圈aluminum gasket 铝模aluminum moul 铝模板aluminum shuttering 铝木组合结构aluminum woo composite system 铝幕墙Aluminum curtain wall 铝镍合金aluminum nickel alloy 铝皮镶面aluminum sheet facing 铝皮镶面aluminum sheet lining 铝皮镶面aluminum sheet surface 铝片sheet aluminium 铝铺面aluminum surfacing 铝汽封aluminum vapor barrier 铝砌合屋顶屋面aluminum bone roof covering 铝墙板aluminum siing 铝墙纸aluminum wallpaper 铝桥aluminum brige 铝青铜aluminum bronze 铝青铜aluminum bronze 铝青铜涂料aluminum bronze paint 铝曲管bene aluminium tube 铝热法aluminothermic process/ aluminothermy 铝热焊aluminothermic weling 铝热还原aluminothermic reuction 铝熔炼厂aluminum smelting plant 铝砂aloxite 铝声控天花板aluminum soun control ceiling 12345678铝石砖alunum tile 铝饰镶面aluminum facing 铝丝布aluminum wire cloth 铝塑板Aluminum plastic boar 铝酸aluminic aci 铝酸盐aluminate 铝酸盐夹杂物aluminate inclusion 铝梯Aluminum stairs 铝天花Aluminum ceiling 铝铁aluminum iron 铝铁合金aluminum iron alloy 铝铜合金aluminum copper alloy 铝涂料aluminum paint 铝土矿alumyte 铝网aluminum mesh 铝纤维aluminum wool 铝线Aluminum threa/wire 铝箱Aluminum trunk 铝斜坡Aluminium Ramps 铝心电缆aluminum cable 铝心电缆甲套aluminum cable sheath 铝芯电缆aluminum conuctor 铝型材:Aluminium Profile 或Aluminum profile 铝型材地板Aluminium Flooring Profiles 铝型材挤压模具Aluminum Section-Bar ExtruingMoul 铝型材生产工艺中常用到的专业术语:铝颜料aluminum pigment 铝氧粉alunum 铝圆棒Aluminum roun bar 铝圆片Aluminum wafer 铝皂aluminum soap 铝皂润滑脂aluminum grease 铝支承结构aluminum bearing structure 铝支柱底板aluminum outrigger base 铝指板aluminum finger plate 铝制波纹构件aluminum corrugate unit 铝制波纹片aluminum corrugate sheet 铝制波纹形aluminum corrugate profile 铝制波纹型材aluminum corrugate section 铝制玻璃格条aluminum patent glazing bar 铝制扶手aluminum han railing 铝制格栅aluminum grille 铝制过梁aluminum lintel 铝制建筑板材aluminum builing sheet 铝制建筑板材aluminum sheet 铝制建筑构件aluminum builing member 铝制建筑构件aluminum builing unit 铝制建筑构件aluminum component 铝制建筑构件aluminum member 铝制建筑构件aluminum unit 铝制建筑外门aluminum builing entrance oor 12345678铝制建筑外门aluminum entrance oor 铝制建筑制品aluminum builing prouct 铝制铰链aluminum hinge 铝制结构立面aluminum facae 铝制结构立面aluminum front 铝制卷板条aluminum rolling slat 铝制框架aluminum frame 铝制模板aluminum form 铝制模板aluminum form work 铝制品Aluminum proucts 铝制器皿aluminium ware 铝制网格天花板aluminum gri ceiling 铝制围栏aluminum fence 铝制屋顶aluminum roofing 铝制小五金aluminum fillings 铝制小五金aluminum hanware 铝制檐沟aluminum eave gutter/ trought 铝制遮阳板aluminum sunblin 铝制遮阳板aluminum sunbreaker 铝制折板屋顶aluminum fole plate roof 铝制支架底板aluminum stabilizer base 铝柱aluminum post 铝铸件Aluminum casting 铝铸件aluminium castings 铝装饰型材aluminum ecorative section 铝装饰型材aluminum ornamental section 氯化铝aluminum chlorie 镁助熔剂eliminate magnesium flux 门窗幕墙设备oors& Winows an Curtain Wall Equipment 密封铝皮aluminum seal/sealing sheeting 明矾石alumite 明矾石alumstone 磨光grining 耐火材料refractory material 耐蚀铝合金corrosion-proof/ corrosion- resistant/ corrosion resisting aluminum alloy 抛光polishing 抛光剂polishing composition 抛光设备polishing unit 喷玻璃丸glass bea blasting 喷磨abrasive blasting 喷砂san blasting 喷涂设备spraying equipment 喷丸shot blasting 其他others 气体发生设备gas generation equipment 气体发生设备Gas processing Equipment 铅制结构正面aluminum face 切割设备cutting apparatus 切割设备Cutting Equipment 氢氧化铝aluminum hyrate 12345678氢氧化铝Hyrogen alumina 清洗cleaning 清洗设备cleaning equipment 去磁器emagnetizer 去离子作用eionization 去氧化物处理eoxiizing 热轧设备Heat-rolle Equipment 熔剂油flux oil 熔炼焊剂smelting flux 熔铸设备Founing Equipment 乳烛液脱脂emulsion egreasing 软铝棉aluminum soft wool 软轮抛光buffing 散热器Raiator 伸缩铝管extension Aluminum tube 渗铝aluminizing 石灰石limestone 刷光brushing 双开式弹簧铝门aluminum swing oor 水洗rinsing 酸洗pickling 添加剂aitive 铁分离器iron separator 涂层设备Coating equipment 涂料coating 推拉式铝门aluminum sliing oor 脱膜stripping 脱脂egreasing 无缝铝管seamless Aluminum pipe 稀土tombar thite/ rare-earth(RE) 硝酸铝aluminum nitrate 锌铝aluminum zinc 型材拉弯设备Profiles Bening Equipment 絮凝flocculate 絮凝剂flocculating agent/ amixture 压延设备Plain Rolle Equipment 压铸铝aluminum ie casting 亚光处理matte finnishing 阳极anoe 阳极效率anoe efficiency 阳极氧化anoicoxiation 阳极氧化复合膜combine anoic coating 阳极氧化膜anoic oxie coating 阳极氧化膜再活化reactivation (of an anoic oxie coating) 氧化铝alumina ,aluminum oxie 氧化铝板alumite tile 氧化锌zinc oxie 液碱液压油hyraulic liqui/meium 阴极cathoe 银粉漆涂层aluminum paint coating 银灰漆aluminum paste 硬铝板uralumin sheet 硬脂酸铝aluminum stearate 有机聚合物喷涂膜spraying coating 有机溶剂脱脂organic solvent egreasing 有效面significant surface 原辅材料Raw Materials 12345678原铝virgin Aluminum 增光brighetning 振动筛vibration sieve 整型机integer machine 纸板paperboar 纸管paper tube 纸制品paper proucts 铸铝aluminum casting 铸铝合金aluminum casting alloy 铸扎设备Founing Equipment 自然氧化natural oxiation包装材料PackagingMaterial 包装设备packagingequipment表面处理设备SurfaceTreatmentEquipment表面预处理surfacepretreatment冰晶石cryolite 薄铝片aluminumfoil彩铝板coloredAluminumplate槽型铝材aluminumchannel 超高铝制烟囱aluminumskyscraper超声波清洗ultrasonicclesning 成型薄铝板aluminumprofilesheet成型薄铝板aluminumprofiledsheet成型铝板aluminumprofilepanel成型铝板aluminumprofiledpanel 除灰desmutting纯碱alkali 纯铝板pureAluminumplate磁电设备magnetoelectricityEquipment 磁性上辊magneticroller催化剂catalyzer 打渣剂fluxingmedium带式磨光beltgrinding 氮化铝aluminumnitride道路照明铝制电杆aluminumstreetlightingcolumn 电镀electroplating电解electrolysis 电解浸蚀electrolyticetching电解滤液electrolysefiltrate 电解铝electrolysealuminum电解抛光electroplishing电解液electorlyte电解增光electrobrightening电流密度currentdensity电流效率currentefficiency镀铝aluminumplating缎面处理satinfinishing锻用铝合金aluminumalloyfortemper锻制铝合金aluminumwroughtalloy多孔铝制天花板aluminumperforatedceiling矾土水泥aluminumcement 防腐剂anticorrodant防腐剂anticorrosiveagent 防腐涂料anticorrosivepaint 防蚀铝线alumitewire防雨铝板aluminumflashing 废铝aluminiumscrap。
再生变形铝合金原料英文版
再生变形铝合金原料英文版Recycled Transformed Aluminum Alloy Raw MaterialsAluminum is one of the most widely used metals in the world, with a wide range of applications in various industries, from transportation to construction. As the demand for aluminum continues to grow, the need for sustainable and environmentally-friendly aluminum production methods has become increasingly important. One of the most promising solutions to this challenge is the use of recycled transformed aluminum alloy raw materials.Recycled aluminum has several advantages over primary aluminum production, which involves the extraction and refining of bauxite ore. Firstly, the recycling process requires significantly less energy compared to primary aluminum production, which involves the energy-intensive process of electrolytic smelting. This makes recycled aluminum a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly option. Additionally, the recycling process generates significantly less greenhouse gas emissions, making it a more attractive choice for companies and individuals looking to reduce their carbon footprint.Another key advantage of recycled transformed aluminum alloy rawmaterials is their ability to be reused multiple times without losing their essential properties. Aluminum is a highly durable and long-lasting material, and it can be recycled and reused countless times without compromising its quality or performance. This makes it an ideal material for a wide range of applications, from automotive parts to building materials.The recycling process for aluminum alloy raw materials typically involves several steps. First, the aluminum scrap is collected and sorted by type and composition. This is an important step, as different types of aluminum alloys have different chemical compositions and properties, and it is essential to ensure that the recycled material is of consistent quality.Once the aluminum scrap has been sorted, it is then melted down and refined to remove any impurities or contaminants. This process involves the use of specialized equipment and techniques to ensure that the resulting aluminum alloy meets the required specifications for the intended application.After the aluminum has been refined, it is then cast into ingots or other shapes, depending on the specific needs of the manufacturer. These transformed aluminum alloy raw materials can then be used to produce a wide range of products, from automotive parts to building materials.One of the key advantages of recycled transformed aluminum alloy raw materials is their ability to be tailored to specific applications. By carefully controlling the composition and properties of the recycled aluminum, manufacturers can create materials that are optimized for a wide range of uses. This allows for greater flexibility and customization in product design and development, and can lead to significant cost savings and improved performance.In addition to the environmental and economic benefits of recycled transformed aluminum alloy raw materials, there are also significant social and community-based advantages. By supporting the recycling industry, communities can create new jobs and economic opportunities, while also reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills and oceans.Furthermore, the use of recycled aluminum can also help to promote greater sustainability and environmental awareness within communities. As more people become aware of the benefits of recycling and the importance of using sustainable materials, they are more likely to adopt more eco-friendly practices in their daily lives.Overall, the use of recycled transformed aluminum alloy raw materials represents a promising solution to the challenges of sustainable aluminum production. By leveraging the uniqueproperties and benefits of recycled aluminum, manufacturers and consumers can work together to create a more sustainable and environmentally-friendly future.。
铸造铝合金的焊接模拟中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Welding Simulation of Cast Aluminium A356AbstractWelding of cast aluminium hollow parts is a new promising technical trend for structural assemblies. However, big gap between components, weld porosity, large distortion and risk for hot cracking need to be dealt with. In this paper, the MIG welding of aluminium A356 cast square tubes is studied. The distortion of the welded tubes was predicted by numerical simulations. A good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained.IntroductionAluminium structures become more and more popular in industries thanks to their light weights, especially in the automotive manufacturing industry. Moreover, welding of cast aluminium hollow parts is a new promising technical trend for structural assemblies [1-3]. However, it may be very challenging due to many problems such as big gap between components, weld porosity, large distortion and risk for hot cracking [4,5]. Due to local heating, complex thermal stresses occur during welding; residual stress and distortion result after welding. In this paper, the aluminium A356 cast tube MIG welding is studied. The software Sysweld [6] was used for welding simulations. The objective is to validate the capability of this software in predicting the distortion of the welded tubes in the presence of large gaps. In this work, the porosity of welds was checked after welding using the X-ray technique. The heat source parameters were identified based on the weld cross-sections and welding parameters. Full 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical simulations were performed. The distortions predicted by the numerical simulations were compared to experimental results measured after welding by a CMM machine.ExperimentsExperimental setupTwo square tubes are made of A356 by sand casting and then machined. They are assembled by four MIG welds, named W1 to W4. Their dimensions and the weldingconfiguration are depicted in Figure 1. Both small (inner) and large (outer) tubes are well positioned on a fixture using v-blocks as shown in Figure 2. The dimensions of the tubes make a peripheral gap of 1 mm between them. This fixture is fixed on a positioner that allows the welding process to be carried out always in the horizontal position. The length of each weld is of 35 mm. The Fronius welding head, which is mounted on a Motoman robot, was used for the MIG welding process. Table 1 indicates the parameters of the welding process for this welding configuration.a)b)Figure 1: Tube welding configuration: a) cross-section view, b) tube dimensionsFigure 2: Experimental setup for tube weldingTestingThe porosity of welds was observed before and after welding using the X-ray technique to check the quality of these welds according to the standard ASTM E155. The whole welded tubes were then tested by traction on a MTS testing machine. The final dimensions of the welded tubes are measured on a CMM machine at many points on the tubes. The distortion of the welded tubes is determined by comparing the final positions with the initial positions of the tubes.Numerical analysisIn Sysweld, a welding analysis is performed based on a weak-coupling formulation between the heat transfer and mechanical problems. Only the thermal history will affect on the mechanical properties, but not in reverse direction. Therefore, a thermal metallurgical mechanical analysis is divided into two steps. The first step is a thermal metallurgical analysis, in which the heat transferred from the welding source makes phase changes during the welding process. The results of temperature and phase changes from the first step are then used as input for the second analysis. It is a pure thermo-elasto-plastic simulation [6].Heat source model identificationBefore running a welding simulation, it is necessary to determine the parameters of the heat source model. This is called heat source fitting. Actually, it is a thermal simulation using this heat source model in the steady state, which iscombined with an optimization tool to obtain the parameters of the heat source. Figure 3 presents the form of a 3D conical heat source of which the energy distribution is described in Eq (1) as follows:F=Q0exp(-r²/r0²) (1)in which Q0 denotes the power density; and r,r0 are defined byr²=(x-x0)²+(x-x0-v t)²(2)andr0=r e-(r e-r i)(z e-z+z0)/(z e-z i) (3)where(x0,y0,z0)is the origin of the local coordinate system of the heat source; r e and r i the radius of the heat source at the positions z e and z i,respectively;v the welding speed and t the time.In this study, a metallographic cross-section has been used to identify the heat source parameters as shown in Figure 4. The use of a 3D conical heat source fits very well the weld cross-section. The mesh size in the cross-section is around 0.5 mm for this case. The finer is the mesh, the more accurate is the shape of the melting pool, but the longer is the simulation.Figure 3: 3D conical heat source (Sysweld).a)b)Figure 4: (a) Metallographic cross-section, (b) Melting pool cross-section.Analysis modelThe mesh of the tubes was created in Hypermesh 7.0. Sysweld 2007 has been used as solver and pre/post processor. A full 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical analysis with brick and prism elements. Two welding sequences have been done such as W1/W2/W3/W4 and W1/W3/W2/W4. The tubes are clamped using four v-blocks during the welding, two for each tube. In the simulations, the positions where the tubes are in contact against the surfaces of the v-blocks are considered as fixed conditions (i.e. Ux = Uy = Uz = 0). In the release phase, the tubes are free from the v-blocks.ResultsThe distortion of the welded tube is measured when it is released from the constraints. The distortion is determined by measuring the displacement of the small tube on the top and lateral surfaces along the centre line of the tube. These measures are relative to the large tube. Figures 5a-b depict the distortion predicted by the numerical simulations of the sequence W1/W2/W3/W4 and W1/W3/2/W4, respectively. Good agreements between experimental and numerical results were obtained in the two welding sequences as indicated in Tables 2-3, in both the distortion tendency and distortion range of the process variation.a)b)Figure 5: Tube distortion (Norm U): (a) Sequence W1/W2/W3/W4, (b) Sequence W1/W3/W2/W4.3D simulation -0.05 -0.26a)b)Figure 7: State of stresses Sxy (a) Clamped, (b) Released. (Red = positive, Blue = negative)a)b)Figure 8: State of stresses Sxz (a) Clamped, (b) Released. (Red = positive, Blue = negative) Figures 6-8 shows the state of the stresses of the welded tubes at room temperature for the sequence W1/W2/W3/W4 after welding when clampled and released from constraints (x is the direction along the axe of the welded tube). To show how the welded tube is distorted, positive-negative values are used instead of the true values of stresses. The distortion of the welded tube can be explained as the new equilibrium position due to the residual stresses when there is no external load. It is remarked that in the presence of large gaps, the distortion of the welded tube is very likely in the rotational mode around local welds.ConclusionsThe MIG welding is very good for assembling aluminium cast tubes (hollow parts) in the presence of large gaps.The 3D thermal metallurgical mechanical simulation of the cast tube welding using Sysweld has been validated. A very good agreement between numerical and experimental results was obtained for both the distortion tendency and distortion range.The welding sequence has a major influence on the distortion of the welded structure. It turns out that the optimization of the welding sequences for a reasonable distortion of a welded structure with a large number of welds becomes very important.译文铸造A356铝合金的焊接模拟摘要:空心铝铸造件的焊接是一个很有前途的新结构组件技术的趋势。
铝合金6012a化学成分
铝合金6012a化学成分Aluminum alloy 6012A is a popular material in the manufacturing industry due to its excellent strength, formability, and corrosion resistance. Its chemical composition plays a crucial role in determining its properties and performance in various applications. Understanding the chemical composition of aluminum alloy 6012A is essential for engineers, manufacturers, and researchers to make informed decisions about its use and processing.The chemical composition of aluminum alloy 6012A typically includes elements such as silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zinc, and titanium. Each of these elements contributes to the overall performance and characteristics of the alloy. For example, silicon helps improve the alloy's fluidity and reduces the risk of hot cracking during casting. Iron, on the other hand, can have a negative impact on the alloy's mechanical properties if present in excessive amounts. Therefore, controlling thelevels of each element in the chemical composition is crucial to achieving the desired material properties.From a manufacturing perspective, the chemical composition of aluminum alloy 6012A also influences its machinability, weldability, and heat-treatability. For instance, the presence of magnesium and silicon enhances the alloy's response to heat treatment, allowing for improved strength and hardness. On the other hand, excessive amounts of certain elements, such as iron and copper, can lead to poor machinability and weldability. Therefore, manufacturers need to carefully consider the chemical composition of the alloy when selecting processing methods and parameters.Furthermore, the chemical composition of aluminum alloy 6012A can also impact its resistance to corrosion and environmental degradation. Elements like copper and chromium contribute to the alloy's ability to withstand corrosive environments, making it suitable for applications where exposure to moisture, chemicals, or other corrosive agents is a concern. Understanding the role of each elementin the chemical composition is essential for designing and engineering products that require long-term durability and reliability.In addition to its mechanical and physical properties, the chemical composition of aluminum alloy 6012A also has implications for its environmental impact and sustainability. By carefully selecting and controlling the elements in the alloy, manufacturers can minimize the use of rare or toxic materials, reduce energy consumption during processing, and improve the recyclability of the material. This holistic approach to material design and selection aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing practices.In conclusion, the chemical composition of aluminum alloy 6012A is a critical factor that influences its properties, performance, and suitability for various applications. From mechanical strength and formability to corrosion resistance and environmental impact, each element in the alloy's composition plays a significant role. By understanding and optimizing the chemical composition,engineers, manufacturers, and researchers can unlock the full potential of aluminum alloy 6012A and create innovative solutions for a wide range of industries.。
铝合金外文翻译
热电势和电功率表征2024航空铝合金的固溶和时效过程Daren Sun2, 1, Xi-chen Sun1, Derek O.Northwood2, Jerry H. Sokolowski1(1.机械与材料工程学系温莎大学安大略省加拿大 N9B3P4;2.工程材料系吉林工业大学长春省中华人民共和国 130012)摘要:研究结果表明,与通过用显微硬度和光学显微镜手段相比,采用热电势和电功率(热功当量)测定技术研究2024航空铝合金的意义在于改变了固溶处理温度和时间,且在500℃时固溶,效果最佳。
在固溶处理过程中的热电势的变化与o-Al相中的合金元素溶解度的变化相关。
在人工时效过程中,热电势的值随时效时间增加而减小,但在时效的不同阶段表现出不同的特点。
在初始阶段,热电势下降缓慢,并且实验结果显示在温度低于190°C时效中所测热电势为脉动波。
这种波动是由于G.I.区,G.P.B.区以及θ',θ”,S”和S'相的形成时,对热电势的变化作出的贡献不同。
在相同的固溶温度下,不同时效温度下与热电势的值相对应的最高硬度是相同的。
在波峰以后的波段,热电势的值下降很快,这是因为在α-Al的合金元素的溶解度随时效时间的延长而减少。
在时效过程中,热电势测定技术通过测定热电势的变化成功的观测了沉淀析出引起的微观结构的变化,这由光学显微镜是不能实现的。
1引言2024铝合金广泛应用于飞机结构件,铆接构件,卡车车轮,丝机系列产品以及其它多种结构件。
它是一种经过固溶处理,淬火以及人工时效处理的沉淀硬化铝合金,以得到最佳的机械性能组合。
固溶处理即为固相的溶解过程,此固溶处理的固溶温度结果必须慎重选择。
溶解度—温度的关系可以通过Al –Cu相图作为一个例子来说明(见图1)。
铜在固态铝中的固溶度随固溶温度的升高而增大,在相图上较低的那条曲线(固相线)的温度以上,铜在α-Al中是完全溶解的。
但是,在高于熔点温度初期(即固相线),铜在铝中的溶解度随温度升高而减小,因为在这一个阶段,开始出现液相,而铜在液相中的溶解度比铜在固相中的更大。
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热电势和电功率表征2024航空铝合金的固溶和时效过程Daren Sun2, 1, Xi-chen Sun1, Derek O.Northwood2, Jerry H. Sokolowski1(1.机械与材料工程学系温莎大学安大略省加拿大N9B3P4;2.工程材料系吉林工业大学长春省中华人民共和国130012)摘要:研究结果表明,与通过用显微硬度和光学显微镜手段相比,采用热电势和电功率(热功当量)测定技术研究2024航空铝合金的意义在于改变了固溶处理温度和时间,且在500℃时固溶,效果最佳。
在固溶处理过程中的热电势的变化与o-Al相中的合金元素溶解度的变化相关。
在人工时效过程中,热电势的值随时效时间增加而减小,但在时效的不同阶段表现出不同的特点。
在初始阶段,热电势下降缓慢,并且实验结果显示在温度低于190°C时效中所测热电势为脉动波。
这种波动是由于G.I.区,G.P.B.区以及θ',θ”,S”和S'相的形成时,对热电势的变化作出的贡献不同。
在相同的固溶温度下,不同时效温度下与热电势的值相对应的最高硬度是相同的。
在波峰以后的波段,热电势的值下降很快,这是因为在α-Al的合金元素的溶解度随时效时间的延长而减少。
在时效过程中,热电势测定技术通过测定热电势的变化成功的观测了沉淀析出引起的微观结构的变化,这由光学显微镜是不能实现的。
1引言2024铝合金广泛应用于飞机结构件,铆接构件,卡车车轮,丝机系列产品以及其它多种结构件。
它是一种经过固溶处理,淬火以及人工时效处理的沉淀硬化铝合金,以得到最佳的机械性能组合。
固溶处理即为固相的溶解过程,此固溶处理的固溶温度结果必须慎重选择。
溶解度—温度的关系可以通过Al –Cu相图作为一个例子来说明(见图1)。
铜在固态铝中的固溶度随固溶温度的升高而增大,在相图上较低的那条曲线(固相线)的温度以上,铜在α-Al中是完全溶解的。
但是,在高于熔点温度初期(即固相线),铜在铝中的溶解度随温度升高而减小,因为在这一个阶段,开始出现液相,而铜在液相中的溶解度比铜在固相中的更大。
因此,固溶温度应介于固相线和开始的熔融温度(液相线)之间。
图1 富铝的Al—Cu端得平衡相图在室温和固溶线所示温度之间,随着温度的升高或随着时间的延长,这些沉淀相会连续的析出。
这个沉淀相析出阶段沉淀相析出顺序一般表现为:过饱和固溶体→G.P.区→θ”→θ’→(Al2Cu)。
与Al-Cu合金系类似,对于大多数可热处理强化的铝合金,它们的析出过程都经历几个阶段,同时伴随着强度的改变。
高强度固溶体在回火过程中析出沉淀相的微观结构尺寸极其微小,用光学显微镜不能观测到。
专业人士在研究时效和固溶的进程中,人们采用了多种测试技术,如测定电阻率、测定热膨胀量。
近些年来,热电势实验测试技术得到了发展,并且应用在了广泛的领域。
它可以灵敏地检测出中的固溶体合金中的合金元素的改变和沉淀析出引起的固溶体的变化。
本文作者工作的目的是利用热电势技术来研究研究2024航空铝合金的固溶和时效。
2实验过程2.1材料在这项研究中所使用的材料是一种直径为12毫米的2024铝合金热轧棒。
该材料的详细的化学组成如表1。
其中的做热电势试验的试样具体尺寸为:长70毫米,宽3毫米,厚l毫米。
沿材料的最长的方向加工(70毫米),即沿轧制方向加工。
2.2热处理制度2.2.1固溶温度的影响为了研究固溶处理温度对热电势值得影响,本实验温度选择为从440℃至560℃每隔10℃为一个实验温度。
试样固溶处理30分钟,固溶完成后水淬。
2.2.2时效制度的影响为了研究对人工时效对热电势值的影响,试样现在480℃到500℃之间固溶30分钟后水淬,然后在170℃,190℃,220℃,或250℃四个温度中任选定一温度,时效时间从5分钟到100 小时间进行时效。
为定量研究室温时效(自然时效)对热电势值的影响,这里把部分试样在500℃固溶后在室温下时效,到达预设的时间后测量热电势的值2.3显微组织的观察表1 2024铝合金的化学组成(质量百分数)Cu Mg Fe Mn Si Cr Zn Ti4.4 1.5 <0.5 <0.6 <0.5 <0.1 <0.25 <0.15试样经热处理后,金相样品在碳化硅砂纸上先磨到粒度为180,然后在磨到粒度为4000,接着先在3微米的金刚砂悬浮液精磨,接着用司特尔公司生产的胶态氧化硅和二氧化硅混合物进行精抛。
用按200ml H2O:5ml HNO3:3ml HCl:2ml HF的比例配成的的腐蚀液进行腐蚀,最后在光学显微镜上观察金相组织,放大倍率为500。
2.4热电势和显微硬度的测定图2介绍了热电势的测量系统的工作原理。
将试样紧紧压到这些铜块上,以确保它们之间能良好的导热和导电。
在试样上就有了电压,即温差电势,热电势用下面公式计算,△S = △V\△T 。
Northwood等对热电势的测量系统的作了更详细的介绍。
图2 热电势的测量实验装置示意图。
显微硬度测定方法,用100克的载荷,金刚石压头,实验力保持时间15秒后读数,随机选择至少六个点测定显微硬度,它们的平均硬度值作为实验数据。
3实验结果与讨论3.1固溶温度和时间的影响热电势的值△S(μV / K)和显微硬度随固溶温度的变化情况可由图3所示的函数图像来描述。
在固溶温度低于500℃时,热电势的值随固溶温度的增加而增加,达到约500℃最高值,随后随着温度的增加而下降,显微硬度也是同样的情况。
图3 固溶温度对2024铝合金热电势和显微硬度的影响。
图4是试样在500°C固溶处理时热电势和固溶时间之间的关系,从中我们可以很容易地看出初期热电势的值随时效时间延长而迅速增加,3分钟后热电势的值基本稳定,基本为一常数。
图4 500°C固溶时热电势随固溶时间的变化趋势。
合金在刚开始熔化时,即在固相线温度以上,铜在铝合金中的固溶度随温度升高而下降,相反液态合金中的铜含量则增加。
在熔融温度和固相线温度之间,铜在合金中的固溶度度为一常数。
对于含铜量为5.25%的铝合金,这个温度范围应该为536°C~548°C。
2024铝合金表现出与铝铜合金相同的规律。
在固相线温度以下,2024合金中α相中合金元素的固溶度随固溶温度的增加而增加,这体现在热电势值和显微硬度都在随固溶温度增加而增加。
在光学显微镜下观察金相,这些变化并不明显。
在大约500℃(固相线温度和初熔温度之间,对于2024铝合金约为502℃),合金元素在α相中的固溶度达到最大值,热电势的值和合金的显微硬度也达到最大值。
在初熔温度以上,由于液相的出现合金元素的固溶度随固溶温度的进一步增加而下降。
图5的金相照片展示了试样经过520°C 的固溶处理后的典型的微观组织。
在晶界处开始形成液相(富铜区),从而导致合金元素在α-Al 中的溶解量下降。
合金元素溶解量的下降引起了热电势的值和显微硬度的下降。
从图6中可以看出热电势和显微硬度近似呈线性关系,但试样在初熔温度以上和以下固溶处理后这种线性关系不同。
这项工作表明,热电势测量操作非常容易,而且可以被快速测出来,可以有效地用来测定实际生产过程中控制质量必需的固溶处理过程的时间。
图5 2024铝合金在520℃固溶30分钟的晶界早期熔化现象。
图6 热电势与显微硬度的关系。
3.2时效制度的影响图7(a-d)和图7(e-h)分别是在480℃和500℃固溶后时效温度分别为170℃,190℃,220℃,250℃时热电势和显微硬度的随时效时间的变化图。
从图7,我们通过观察可以得到下列结论:(1)时效一定时间,显微硬度出现峰值,但热电势的值随着时效时间的增加而单调下降;热电势的值尽管随时效时间延长而下降,在不同时效温度下其随时效时间的变化显示出不同。
时效初期,热电势随时间延长下降较慢,时效温图7 2024铝合金热电势和硬度,在480℃固溶,时效温度分别为(a)170℃,(b)190℃,(c)220℃,(d)250℃的曲线; 500℃固溶时,时效温度为(e)170℃,(f)190℃,(g)220℃,(h)250℃的曲线。
度较低(<190℃)时,曲线显示出了波动性。
在这个阶段,显微硬度增加缓慢。
时效一定时间后,随着时间的延长,显微硬度开始迅速增加(这个时间对于不同的时效温度是不同),并最终达到一个峰值。
值得注意的是当硬度到其峰值时,相同固溶温度不同时效温度处理的试样所测得的热电势几乎相等,例如,试样经500℃和480℃固溶处理后,时效处理时显微硬度到达峰值时的热电势分别在4.65μV/ K和为-4.55μV/ K左右。
时效时显微硬度达到峰值后,热电势先迅速下降,然后缓慢下降,但最后没有到达一个平衡值。
图8 试样固溶处理和时效后的显微结构:(a)500°C固溶;(b)500 °C固溶后再220°C时效3小时计算的热电势减小的平均值要比对单个试样进行测量时的大。
在光学显微镜下观察试样的金相组织时,显微组织在这些过程中并没有明显的变化,如图8所示。
(2)分别在500°C 和480°C固溶后,采用相同的时效工艺处理的试样,前者的热电势和硬度值比后者大。
(3)在高时效温度下时效比在低温下时效时显微硬度达到峰值时所用的时间较短。
举例来说,样品在250°C时效时大约两小时出现波峰,但在170°C时则需要两天。
图9 2024铝合金室温下自然时的热电势。
目前的沉淀理论可以很容易地解释时效过程中的热电势值的变化。
对于这种合金,理论上应该存在两种连续方式的转换,即G.P.→θ”→θ’→(Al2Cu)和G.P.B.→S”→S’→S (CuMgAl2)。
在时效过程的初期,铝合金中随机分布的溶质原子在铝基特定的晶面上逐渐呈盘状聚合,从而形成G.P.区和G.P.B.区(或群)。
随着时效时间的延长,G.P. (G.P.B) 区→θ”相(S”相), θ”相(S”相)→θ’相(S’相)以及θ’相(S’相)相→θ相(S相)的转变被会相继发生。
在G.P.→θ”→θ’→θ和G.P.B.→S”→S’→S这两种方式的连续转变过程中,固溶体中的合金元素含量将会下降,因此导致热电势的值减小。
但是,值得注意的事情是热电势的值并不是简单地下降,而是在低温时效和自然时效图[图7(a)和图9]上的早期阶段可以清楚地看到热电势的波动。
Pelletier 等已经表明,时效过程中初期形成的沉淀物的类型对铝铜合金试样的热电势值会产生重大的影响,这其实是初期亚稳态片状沉淀(例如,G.P.区,θ”或θ’)的作用,这些片状沉淀对热电势的值产生正面或负面的影响。
然而,不连续分布的θ相沉淀对热电势的没有任何影响。