CATTI笔译实务冲刺班英译汉测试题-参考译文
翻译资格考试英语CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题(三)(附参考译文)
CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题（三）（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage 1The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his administration, he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency. “The President is the direct representative of the American people," he lectured the Senate when it opposed him. “He was elected by the people, and is responsible to them." With this declaration, Jackson redefined the character of the presidential office and its relationship to the people.During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” -farmers, planters, and workers and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers, and the loss of independence that came with it.Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization, Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businessperson and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The government's responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunityfor citizens of ability.Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in people's lives. Despite Andrew jackson's inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Government's role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies’ and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.【参考译文】英译汉: 第一篇美国现代总统制度的发展是从安德鲁·杰克逊开始的。
2022年下半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文
2022年下半年英语三级笔译（CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.In times of stress, like living through a global pandemic, it' s natural to fall back on soothing habits---gardening, playing video games or lighting up a cigarette.But what are the risks, given that the novel coronavirus at the center of the current crisis attacks the lungs? The science is in its early stages, but studies are finding that cigarette smokers are more likely to have severe infections. There is data to show that if you are a smoker, you're more likely to have adverse outcomes from COVID-19, need mechanical ventilation and die than if you' re not a smoker. Smoking damages the lungs' defense mechanisms, making it harder to fight off COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases.What does science say? Early data was conflicting. Some reports indicated that smoking was not associated with increased adverse outcomes and that smokers were underrepresented in hospital settings, leading some to claim that smokers might even have immunity to the virus. But specialists dismissed the claims as "really fringe stuff". One study found that of those who died of COVID-19, 9 percent were current smokers, compared with 4 percent of those that survived. Smoking, for one thing, inhibits blood cells that would otherwise clean and repair damaged lungs.What about e-cigarettes? Less is known about how coronavirus patients who use e-cigarettes products are faring, but several doctors suspect their trajectory will mirror that of cigarette smokers. Smoking e-cigarettes has all the same adverse effects as smoking ordinary cigarettes does. Smoking anything can irritate the lining of your lungs. If you irritate the lining of your lungs, you set yourself up for trouble, because the disease kills people by attacking the lungs.What about secondhand smoke? Smokers do not expel more of a respiratory virus than non-smokers, although they do cough more. The smoke itself doesn' t seem to increase the amount of virus that gets in the air. However, to the extent that the virus is carried in tiny aerosol particles that stay in the air, one of the possible meansof transmission, the smoke shows where those particles are located. One study showed that people who had been exposed to second hand smoke were more likely to contract tuberculosis and, once they got it, didn' t do as well as those who weren' t exposed to smoke. In terms of these immune-suppressive effects, as it relates to tuberculosis, secondhand smoke has adverse effects.Each virus has its unique pattern of dispersion, and scientists are starting to get a handle on how the novel coronavirus behaves. This understanding is making it possible to rank the risks of different activities from high to low to trivial.The two drivers of the spread of the disease are close contact and crowding in closed spaces, as the virus is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. It spreads through homeless shelter and nursing homes, where people are crowded in with many others. And it spreads through people's households. Scientists have found some trends. For example, spending time dining together or being on public transport might increase the risk of spreading or contracting the disease, while going to a market briefly for five minutes or a transient encounter while you walk or run past someone is considered low risk.The studies were all done through contact tracing, which may turn out to be humanity's greatest strategy for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Contact tracing can stop chains of transmission, even after a disease is widespread. Another major benefit is that it offers clues as to how the disease spreads. Each virus has its unique pattern.【参考译文】：适逢直面重重压力之际,恰似人类正身陷于这一场席卷全球的新冠肺炎疫情之图圄。
翻译资格考试英语CATTI 三级笔译实务全真模拟题(附参考译文)
CATTI 三级笔译实务全真模拟题（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)第一部分：英汉翻译（50分）Translate the following passage into Chinese.①In Aaron Walsh's course on Collaborative Computing at Boston College, students learn how to work in teams to program software. It's not an easy class, but Walsh sees his students only once at the start of the semester. After that, they work in a virtual 3-D world, which Walsh - a former video game programmer - helped design. Logging in via their PCs or laptops, the professor and students interact and work together as digital avatars - just like they would in programs like Second Life, using voice - over - Internet to talk or ask questions. The class is part of a fast - growing movement to apply state - of - the - art computer - game technology to U.S. college learning. Similar experiments have been conducted at Harvard, Amherst and MIT.②Long gone are the days when “online education” meant little more than digitized correspondence courses. Today it features videos and podcasts, blogs and live chats, Webcams and wikis, and online courses are becoming ever more popular. This fall, more than 4 million students in the United States will take at least one course online, says Frank Mayadas, an expert on education technology at the Sloan Foundation in New York. America's biggest online school, the University of Phoenix, has grown from 80,000 students in 2000 to 345,000 students today and is on track to reach 500,000 by 2010.③Already popular with universities, which see such programs a way to boost enrollment and revenue, and with students, who love the flexibility and the lower tuition costs, online learning has gotten another big boost from the high price of gas, Four out of five U.S. college students now commute to campus every day, and admissions officers say fuel costs have helped push up online enrollment by 100 percent at some colleges in the past year.④Many such programs are also shedding their second-class status. Elite U.S.colleges like MIT and Stanford have begun offering a growing number of degrees online, Stanford alone now boasts more than 50 different online master's programs, most of them in engineering and science, which have no physical classroom component but which Stanford claims are just as good as its on-campus offerings. A few schools, like the State University of New York and the University of Illinois, have abolished the separation of online from campus programs entirely, awarding the same degree for both. The next step: allowing students themselves to mix and match campus and online coursework at will.⑤Employers have been slow to catch on; while 83 percent of U.S. hiring managers said in a June survey that online degrees are more accepted today than five years ago, only 35 percent considered them equal to traditional degrees. Indeed, there is no good virtual replacement yet for hands -on study in subjects like physics, biology or anatomy, which require physical contact materials. Some educators are also skeptical, complaining about the for-profit nature of many online programs and the fact that they fail to replicate free-flowing conversations. “You lose something by not having human contact,” says Anita Levy of the American Association of University Professors.⑥Yet other experts argue that Web-based learning is actually closer to students’ future on-the-job realities. “Much business is now conducted online,” says Mayadas. “Education is mimicking the way we conduct business, communicate and exchange ideas today.”⑦The future of online learning, Mayadas says, lies in “blended”programs that combine faculty face time with the flexibility of online teaching. The move to such hybrids will be driven by students questioning why they should sit in lectures taking notes three times a week when they can go once and do the rest at their own pace online. Universities and colleges, for their part, like the fact that mixed programs allow them to cut down on physical classes, saving money and creating space for more students.⑧Blended programs will also go a long way toward meeting the critics who contend that digital learning will never replace the campus experience. By combiningface -to -face interaction with new online options in more powerful ways, these programs should offer the best of both worlds - rendering moot today's debate over whether virtual or in - person degrees are best.【参考译文】①艾伦·沃什在波士顿学院开设的“协同计算”课程教学生如何以团队形式编写软件这门课不简单，但沃什只在每学期开始时见学生一次，之后都在虚拟的3D 世界授课。
翻译资格考试英语 CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题(一)(附参考译文)
CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题（一）（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage 1Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts”. Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered, These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits, Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because the primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress, Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or herconception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof, This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there, That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors leaned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).【参考译文】英译汉:第一篇如今，人们往往根据工艺品的材质来称呼它们，比如陶土工艺品、玻璃工艺品、木制工艺品、纤维工艺品、金属工艺品等，但最初人们通常根据它们的功能将它们统称为“应用艺术”。
2024英语三级笔译(Catti 3)实务真题及参考译文
2024年英语三级笔译（CATTI3）实务真题及参考译文1.英译汉（原文）The last vestiges of Covid Restrictions have finally been removed, and international tourism is exploding—more than 900 million eager tourists took to the skies in 2022, doubling the number from 2021.But as world travel recovers from the pandemic, the rise in tourism is, among other things, overwhelming foreign infrastructure, disrupting local residents and diminishing the overall tourist experience.Although tourism still boosts the economies of hotspot cities, municipal authorities are concerned about the impact over tourism has on their communities and cultural heritage sites and have thus started taking matters into their own hands to mitigate overcrowding.To counter the downsides of overtourism, the travel industry can utilize tech-based tools that combat the root causes of tourist congestion and actively encourage travel to lesser-known places, thereby satisfying tourists without burdening the local residents.According to one study, when tourist numbers exceed a city’s carrying capacity, residents’ perception of their home as a good place to live begins to deteriorate, increasing feelings of resentment toward tourists during peak seasons.Amsterdam, with its picturesque canals, stunning brick architecture and leisurely bicycle paths, is just one of several cities reeling from the effects of overtourism; more than 20 million tourists are anticipated to visit the city this year alone.To curb the flow of visitors without destabilizing the tourism market, the city introduced a cap on overnight guests and is proposing further measures that include relocating some popular tourist attractions to outside the city center—or even removing them altogether.To give the city more “breathing space”, the mayor of Dubrovnik（杜布罗夫尼克，克罗地亚城市）shut down 80% of its souvenir stalls and restricted cruise ship and tour bus operations. City officials in Barcelona instituted taxes for overnight tourists and barred entry to certain food markets. And in Venice, officials banned the development of new hotels and installed turnstiles along popular routes to redirect tourist traffic.To thrive with resident communities, the tourism industry must cultivate a new approach that better serves local interests when promoting destinations and trip options.Marketing trips through the use of thoughtful ad campaigns and tech tools that inspire tourists to venture away from conventional hotspots and explore lesser-known attractions could lead to a more even distribution of travelers across various destinations.To that end, dispersing tourists should be a top business goal for travel providers rather than focusing only on the high-traffic destinations. This not only enables travelers to genuinely experience diverse cultures but also provides vital support torural-located businesses, restaurants and cultural establishments, which stand to gain the most from tourist dollars.In order to empower travelers to visit new or unfamiliar destinations, the industry should consider leveraging tech-based tools to convince them. Airbnb（爱彼迎公司）, for example, rolled out flexible search features in 2021 that divert bookings away from destinations at times when overtourism occurs, encouraging tourists to make accommodations in alternative cities or towns.With tourists overrunning major destinations, the tourism industry and local municipalities must find some middle ground. Heavily visited cities will otherwise be forced to impose further tourist restrictions, putting an entire revenue stream at risk.1.英译汉（译文）新冠疫情最后剩余的限制终于被解除，国际旅游业也因此迎来了爆发式增长——2022年，有超过9亿热切的游客乘飞机出行，人数是2021年的两倍。
CATTI 2017笔译综合实务考题和参考译文word文本
英译中It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.区区电子邮件里的一个单词，导致一家跨国公司遭受巨大经济损失。
The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.这封电子邮件是由一位英语母语人士用英语所写，而邮件接收人则是一位以英语为第二语言的同事。
该同事收到邮件后，发现该单词在字典里有两个截然相反的意思，他拿捏不准，并最终选择了那个错误的意思。
Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,”says Chia Suan Chong, aUK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable.“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”数月过去，该跨国公司的高管开始调查这个项目失败并损失几十万美元的原因。
2024英语二级笔译(CATTI 2)实务真题及参考译文
2024年英语二级笔译（CATTI 2）实务真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation【原文】①Mortgage rates dropped again this week, after plunging nearly half a percentage point last week. The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaged 6. 58 percent in the week ending November 23, down from 6. 61 percent the week before. A year ago, the 30-year fixed rate was 3. 10 percent. Mortgage rates rose throughout most of 2022, spurred by the Federal Reserve's unprecedented campaign of hiking interest rates in order to tame soaring inflation. But last week, rates tumbled aimed reports that indicated ion may have finally reached its peak.This volatility is making it difficult for potential home buyers to know, when to get into the market, and that is reflected in the latest data which shows existing home sales slowing across all price points. Mortgage rates tend to track the yield on 10-year US Treasury bonds. As investors see or anticipate rate hikes, they make moves which send yields higher and mortgage rates rise. The 10-year Treasury has been hovering in a lower range of 3. 7 percent to 3. 85 percent. That has led to a big reset in investors expectations about future interest rate hikes. Prior to that, the 10-year Treasury had risen above 4. 2 percent. However, the market maybe be a bit too quick to celebrate the improvement in inflation.At the Fed's November meeting, chairman Jerome Powell to the need for ongoing rate hikes to tame inflation. This could mean that mortgage rates may climb again, and that risk goes up if next month's inflation reading comes in on the higher side while it's difficult to time the market in order to get a low mortgage rate, plenty of would be home buyers are seeing a window of opportunity. Following generally higher mortgage rates throughout the course of 2022, the recent swing in buyers favor is welcome and could save the buyer of a median-priced home more than Us s100 per month relative to what they would have paid when rates were above 7 percent justtwo weeks ago.As a result of the drop in mortgage rates, both purchase and refinance applications picked up slightly last week. But refinance activity is still more than 80 percent below last years pace when rates were around 3. However, with week-to-week swings in mortgage rates averaging nearly three times those seen in a typical year and home prices still historically high, many potential shoppers have pulled back. A long-term housing shortage is keeping home prices high, even as the number of homes on the market for sales has increased, and buyers and sellers may find it more challenging align expectations on price.【参考译文】①继上周大幅下降近半个百分点之后，本周抵押贷款利率再度走低。
2023年下半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3)实务真题及参考译文
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Guidebook company Lonely Planet has revealed its 18th annual“Best in Travel” list.The 2023 edition is in a slightly different format than it has been in years past. Rather than a simple list, the destinations are split up into five categories – eat, learn, journey, unwind and connect. “This year, we really wanted to try something new and we wanted to reflect the way that we saw travelers looking for travel, which was about the destination, but also about the experience,” explains Nitya Chambers, executive editor and senior vice president of content at Lonely Planet.Lonely Planet reaches out to its wide network of contributors around the world and asks them to nominate destinations they believe should be on the list. From there, editors at Lonely Planet HQ begin to ask more questions, work their sources and narrow down the options until it is released in November.That might mean taking a chance on a new country, like Malta or Guyana, that all your friends haven’t been to yet. It might mean choosing a less-visited place in a favorite destination, like Marseille rather than Paris or Fukuoka instead of Tokyo. All four spots are among the 30 destinations of the 2023 list. It’s no surprise that Peru appears as one of the picks under the “eat” section of Lonely Planet’s list –as it has been racking up the recognition for years on the World’s 50 Best Restaurants list. However, its South American sibling Montevideo – another “eat” entry – is not as high profile. Street food lovers should head to Kuala Lumpur. The capital is a perfect location for an introduction to food from all over Malaysia, like Penang-style curries and fish maw soup.As the world opened up after long Covid restrictions, many travelers felt the urge to connect or reconnect with others. Sydney, in this context, makes Lonely Planet’s “connect” list. The Australian city is known for its friendly inhabitants, as well as for its beautiful beaches, top-notch food scene and a pretty cool opera house. People with African heritage may want to head to Ghana for their own sense of connection. The country observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana with fellowship and community. Just because the pass of the year doesn’t mean the loss of the sense of connection. The country,observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana for fellowship and community. Just because the year passed doesn’t mean that the sense of connection has gone: Ghana wants to hit a goal of eight million tourists per year.The pandemic spurred another powerful desire, too:the stress of working from home while homeschooling the kids over Zoom means many travelers just want to take a long break. Island destinations, like Jamaica and Dominica in the Caribbean, are just the place to unwind, according to Lonely Planet. The former is high on Chambers’ personal list for 2023. “There’s just an opportunity with our kids in the summer (to) spend some more time, go immerse and have the experience of living somewhere where you can really feel changed and transformed by being part of another place.Malta – another “unwind” destination – is a lesser-known gem with the climateof Italy and the landscape of the Middle East. And in Asia, the Indonesian archipelago of Raja Ampat might be one of the last paradises left on Earth. It is loved for eco-tourism and is home to a massively successful coral restoration project. LP designated six “journey” spots, places for most travel-lovers. It’s no surprise that the central Asian kingdom of Bhutan made the cut.【参考译文】：旅行指南出版商《孤独星球》(LonelyPlanet) 连续第18年发布年度“世界最佳旅行目的地”(BestinTravel) 榜单。
翻译资格考试 CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题(二)(附参考译文)
CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题（二）（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage 1Successful Olympic Games start with a vision focused on how the Games could advance local and regional development goals. Developing the right vision requires creative thinking consensus building and big ideas. Reliable information can help transform those ideas into action that delivers desired outcomes. This document is intended to contribute to that process.The information presented here has been compiled from previous Olympic Winter Games to help cities make informed decisions about the costs and benefits of hosting future Games. It offers data on key cost and revenue drivers at the two most recent Olympic Games (Vancouver2010, Sochi 2014) and the forthcoming Games in PyeongChang 2018, as well as information on the number of venues and other factors that offer insights on Games requirements.The data can be used to complement feasibility studies and to support the development of realistic Games operations budgets. However, it is important to bear in mind the local context in considering past experiences in other cities. There is no one-size-fits-all template for the Olympic Games. Cities should view the Games through their own unique context and develop plans that address local and regional needs. The international Olympic Committee (IOC) offers assistance at every stage to assist the organization of Games that benefit local communities.This document provides a snapshot of three very different cities that delivered Games that reflected their starting points and their goals.Vancouver started its Olympic Games planning with several existing venues and a well-established ski resort in nearby Whistler. Sochi pursued a vision to transform a summer resort city into a year-round tourist destination with new world-class winter sports facilities. PyeongChang, now in the final stages of preparation, is also creatinga new winter sport destination in its own unique context.Other important factors that all cities should consider in the local context include labour and construction costs; the availability of winter sports expertise; and the vibrancy of the domestic commercial sports market.Changes in society and within the Olympic Movement will also have an impact on cost and revenue for future Games.By most any measure, the Olympic Winter Games are more popular than ever, reaching record global audiences via traditional television, digital platforms and social media. Exciting new events are helping to attract new audiences and new commercial partners.The expansion of the sports programme-from 86 events in Vancouver, to 96 events in Sochi and the possibility of more events in the future-not only increases the appeal of the Games, it also increases the number of competition venues.At the same time, sports organizations, including Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOG), have responded to societal expectation for more accountability, more transparency, more social responsibility and more sustainability.【参考译文】英译汉:第一篇奥运会的成功,始于通过奥运会推进地方和区域发展目标的愿景。
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语2023 CATTI Level 2 Translation Practice Test - EnglishPart I: Chinese to English Translation请根据以下中文段落进行翻译：春节是中国最重要的传统节日，也被称为新年。
在春节期间，中国人会举行各种庆祝活动，如舞狮、舞龙、放鞭炮等。
人们会进行各种各样的准备工作，如打扫房屋、购买年货等。
春节期间也是家人团聚的时刻，许多人会回家与家人团聚在一起庆祝这个特殊的节日。
答案：The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China, also known as the Chinese New Year. During the Spring Festival, Chinese people will hold various celebration activities, such as lion dances, dragon dances, and setting off firecrackers. People will make various preparations, such as cleaning the house, buying New Year goods, etc. It is also a time for family reunion, and many people will go back home to celebrate this special festival with their families.Part II: English to Chinese Translation请根据以下英文段落进行翻译：Global warming, which is mainly caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, has become a major environmental issue. It has led to climate change, resulting in extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and loss of biodiversity. In order to mitigate the impact of global warming, it is crucial for countries to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote renewable energy sources, and improve energy efficiency.答案：全球变暖主要是由温室气体排放引起的，已成为一个重要的环境问题。
2021年下半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文
2021年下半年英语三级笔译（CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Some airlines have advised passengers not to lean back in economy class, which has triggered off a debate. Some think that airlines should lock their economy seats from reclining (后倾) permanently and should immediately stop using the phrase "sit back, relax and enjoy the flight". That's an invitation to lean back all the way. But others think that it is the God-given right of passengers to recline. If you click around the internet for a while, you will find that this debate is far from settled.There are several arguments against reclining. First, reclining your airline seat is unacceptable because we're literally out of space. There's no space to recline. Airlines are trying to squeeze more passengers on a plane to make more money. Before airline deregulation, many economy class seats had a generous 36 inches of "pitch", a rough measure of legroom. Today, some seats have as little as 28 inches.Second, it is a moral issue. If you recline your airplane seat, you'll probably end up in someone's lap. A frequent air traveler says, "what do you do if the person in front of you reclines all the way? What if you turn around to discover that a 6-foot-4 passenger seated behind you? Do you eat your meal in your lap while the tray table cuts into your stomach or do you reclines well and crush the legs of the person behind you?" Another traveler says, "seat reclining is one of the most irritating, inconvenient, self-indulgent habits. "You'll invade another passenger's personal space, which might lead to an unfriendly confrontation. So it is rude to recline, and it is wrong. Most folks would rather sacrifice the 2 inches of reclining backward not to have someone siting in their lap for the distance of a fight." I wish all airlines would eliminate the recline function," says a retired Air Force inspector.But if there is no room to recline your airplane seat, and it's wrong, why do so many airlines still allow it? Because if they didn't, it would be an admission that they no longer care about your comfort. Airlines are stacking you into a plane like cargo.Furthermore, the airline industry loves the seat reclining argument because it divides us. And while we're arguing about 2 inches of personal space, they are busy collecting more money from passengers and slowly removing even more room. Whether you think reclining your airline seat is wrong or not, let's agree on one thing: Greedy airlines got us to this point. Fighting over the scraps of space won't fix it. If we ever needed thoughtful government regulation, maybe it is now.Reclining an airline seat is still allowed on most flights. Here's how to deal with someone who leans into your airspace. Ask them to lean forward. Timing and tone are important here.The moment someone leans back, gently tap the person on the shoulder and politely ask them if it would be possible not to recline their seat, or get a flight attendant involved. Some leaner are clever and wait for you to go to the restroom before leaning. Then they feign sleep,which makes you reluctant to bother them. You can always ask a fight attendant for help.【参考译文】：一些航空公司建议经济舱的旅客不要将座椅靠背后倾，由此引发了一场争论。
CATTI三级笔译实务(附答案)
CATTI三级笔译实务Section1: English-Chinese translationThe importance of agriculture cannot be overstated. More than 50 percent of the world’s labor force is employed in agriculture. The distribution in the early 1980s ranged from 67 percent of those employed in Africa to less than 5 percent in North America. In Western Europe, the figure was about 16 percent; in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, about 32 percent; and in Asia, about 68 percent.Farm size varies widely from region to region. Recently the average for Canadian farms was about 186 ha (about 460 acres) per farm, and for U.S. farms, about 175 ha (about 432 acres). The average size of a single landholding in the Philippines, however, may be somewhat less than 3.6 ha (less than 9 acres), and in Indonesia, a little less than 1.2 ha (less than 3 acres).Size also depends on the purpose of the farm. Commercial farming, or production for cash, is usually done on large holding. The plantations of Latin America are large, privately owned estates worked by tenant labor. Single-crop plantations produce tea, rubber, cocoa. Wheat farms are most efficient when they comprise some thousands of hectares and can be worked by teams of people and machines. Australian sheep stations and other livestock farms must be large to provide grazing for thousands of animals.Individual subsistence farms or small-family mixed-farm operations are decreasing in number in developed countries but are still numerous in the developing countries of Africa and Asia. A “back-to-the-land” movement in the U.S. reversed the decline of small farms in New England and Alaska in the decade from 1970 to 1980.The conditions that determine what will be raised in an area include climate, water supply, and terrain.Over the 10,000 years since agriculture began to be developed, peoples everywhere have discovered the food value of wild plants and animals and domesticated and bred them. The most important are cereals such as wheat, rice, barley, corn and rye.Agricultural income is also derived from non-food crops such as rubber, fiber plants, tobacco, and oilseeds used in synthetic chemical compounds. Money is also derived from raising animals for pelt.Much of the foreign exchange earned by a country may be derived from a single commodity; for example, Sri Lanka depends on tea, Denmark specializes in dairy products, Australia in wool, and New England in meat products. In the U.S., wheat has become a major foreign exchange commodity in recent years.The importance of an individual country as an exporter of agricultural products depends on many variables. Among them is the possibility that the county is too little developed industrially to produce manufactured goods in sufficient quantity or technical sophistication. Such agricultural exporters include Ghana with cocoa, and Myanmar with rice. On the other hand, an exceptionally well-developed country may produce surpluses not needed by its own population; this as been true of the U.S., Canada, and some of the West European countries.Section2: Chinese-English translation由于西藏地处“世界屋脊”，自然条件恶劣，也由于几百年落后的封建农奴制社会形成的各种社会历史条件内的限制，西藏在全国还属于不发达地区。
CATTI英语笔译实务3级模拟【英译汉 汉译英】讲解
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷 Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points Translate the following passage into Chinese. Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle. In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russia’s northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too. “It is practically all ice — permafrost —and it is thawing.” The 4 million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling the effects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities, but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture. A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US$100 million or more for each one. Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding. In Finnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. “The reindeer are becoming unhappy,” said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder. Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. Thestate has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance. And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat. “The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns,” said Eira, sitting beside a birch fire inside his la vvu, a home made of reindeer hides. “They don’t mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.” Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points Translate the following passage into English. 中国为种类繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。
CATTI 英语一级笔译实务考前模拟试题 完整版
CATTI 英语一级笔译实务考前模拟试题Section 1 TranslationPart 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Travels of Marco Polo was conceived in a prison cell in Genoa, Italy, in 1298. A few years earlier Polo had returned to the West after an epic journey that lasted some 24 years. He then saw action in a naval battle between the Venetian and Genoese fleets, and was captured. It was in jail that he met and befriended Rustichello of Pisa, a well-known writer and collector of Arthurian romances. Their collaboration yielded a book that would give Europe its first authoritative account of the Middle and Far East, in particular China, and reveal the presence of a vast empire and advanced civilization far greater than anything Europeans could achieve or even imagine.More than 100 copies of that long-lost original exist, many dating from the14th and 15th centuries. There is no definitive manuscript, however, and all existing versions have been embellished, doctored or censored by the Christian establishment over the years. Modern editions arethus collations and translations of imperfect copies. This murky history helps explain why the book describes what the Venetian could not possibly have seen, and overlooks sights that any traveler to China must have witnessed — like the Great Wall, foot-binding and chopsticks. Skeptics say that Polo never ventured to China and that he and Rustichello used second-hand information from other travelers, especially Arab traders.Certainly, there is no hard historical evidence that Polo actually visited all the places he describes. But most of the detail has since been corroborated by historians and geographers, confounding critics and confirming the importance of the book as the fullest and most accurate account of Asia in its time.Originally called Description of the World, Travels aims for geographicalcompleteness, not the immediacy and excitement of personal encounter. It’s not a travelogue. Consistent with the possibility that Polo was not an eyewitness, his book is not “on-the-spot” reporting, and only loosely follows an itinerary. To modern audiences, the book may seem dull and repetitive, to be dipped into, not read cover to cover. Yet Travels was a revolutionary piece of writing. It radically altered European understanding of Asia by forcing the West to recognize a superior culture in the East, and, by describing withsuch verve the luxuries and sensuousness of Chinese cities,it impressed the idea of an exotic East on the European psyche. The Venetian literally changed the Western view of the world. European maps in his time were based on Biblical interpretations and classical mythology. Jerusalem was at the center. Then came Polo’s book, describing great civilizations in the East, and a world not centered on Jerusalem, politically or geographically. This recasting of the world into a more dynamic and multi-centered geographical space was the first step toward what we now call globalization.Travels is a book of liberal and enlightened humanism. No one can failto appreciate its celebration of the heterogeneity of nature, geography and, above all, people. His work expresses wonder and joy in what is unfamiliar. Races are differentiated but not denigrated, and the customs of different cultures are met with enthusiastic curiosity, not the conformism and prejudice prevalent in Europe at the time. Travels had a moral for medieval Europe: let diversity and tolerance replace division and xenophobia — a moral no less relevant today than in Marco Polo’s time.Part 2 Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)Translate the following passage into English.建立和完善刑事缺席审判制度是惩治和预防腐败犯罪的需要。
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文
2020.11 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题英译汉参考译文仅供参考English-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into English.【Passage 1】The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and elites. There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade and geopolitical tensions are fueling uncertainty. This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks: disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or interruptions in the availability of key resources.Persistent weaknesses in the drivers of productivity growth are among the principal culprits. In advanced, emerging and developing economies, productivity growth started slowing in 2000 and decelerated further after the crisis. Between 2011 and 2016, “total factor productivity growth” – or the combined growth of inputs, like resources and labour, and outputs - grew by 0.3 percent in advanced economies and 1.3 percent in emerging and developing economies.The financial crisis added to this deceleration. Investments are undermined by uncertainty, low demand and tighter credit conditions. Many of the structural reforms designed to revive productivity that were promised by policy-makers did not materialize.Governments must better anticipate the unintended consequences of technological integration and implement complementary social policies that support populations through the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Economies with strong innovation capability must improve their talent base and the functioning of their labor markets.Adaption is critical. We need an a well-functioning labour market that protects workers, not jobs. Advanced economies need to develop their skills base and tackle rigidities in their labour markets. As innovation capacity grows, emerging economies need to strengthen their skills and labour market to minimize the risks of negative social spillovers.Sustainable economic growth remains the surest route out of poverty and a core driver of human development. For the past decade, growth has been weak and remains below potential in most developing countries, seriously hampering progress on several of the UN’s 2030 sustainable development Goals (SDGs).The world is not on track to meet any of the SDGS. Least developed countries have missed the target of 7 percent growth every year since 2015. Extreme poverty reduction is decelerating. 3.4 billion people –or 46 percent of the world’s population – lived on less than US$5.50 a day and struggled to meet basic needs. After years of steady decline, hunger has increased and now affects 826 million up from 784 million in 2015. A total of 20 percent of Africans population is undernourished. The “zero hunger” target will almost certainly be missed.参考译文世界正处在社会、环境和经济的转折点。
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The findings of medical research are disseminated too slowly
医学科研成果传播速度过慢
ON JANUARY 1st the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation did something that may help to change the practice of science. It brought into force a policy, foreshadowed two years earlier, that research it supports (it is the world’s biggest source of charitable money for scientific endeavors, to the tune of some $4bn a year) must, when published, be freely available to all. On March 23rd it followed this up by announcing that it will pay the cost of putting such research in one particular repository of freely available papers.
1月1日，比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会启动实施了一项两年前就开始酝酿的政策，这或许有助于改变科学界的一个惯例。
按照该政策，该基金会赞助的科研项目（比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会是全球科研赞助规模最大的慈善基金会，每年资助额度高达40亿美元左右）必须将公布的科研成果提供给各方无偿使用。
3月23日，比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会又发表声明称，将出资把此类科研成果纳入一个专门的免费科研论文库。
To a layman, this may sound neither controversial nor ground-breaking. But the crucial word is “freely”. It means papers reporting Gates-sponsored research cannot be charged for. No pay walls. No journal subscriptions. That is not a new idea, but the foundation’s announcement gives it teeth. It means recipients of Gates’largesse can no longer offer their wares to journals such as Nature, the New England Journal of Medicine or the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, since reading the contents of these publications costs money.
对圈外人来说，这种做法似乎既无争议也无创新。
但是，重点在于“免费”二字。
期刊杂志如果刊登由盖茨基金会赞助的科研论文不得另行收费，不得设置付费门槛，也不得收取订阅费。
虽然这并不是什么创新的想法，但是该基金会在声明中还是明确了其约束力。
这意味着盖茨基金会的受捐者不得再向《自然》、《新英格兰医学期刊》或《美国国家科学院院刊》等收费期刊投稿。
That will hurt. Publication in such Premier-league journals is the stuff careers are built on. But it will also hurt the journals themselves. Their prestige is based on their ability to pick and publish only the best. If some work is out of bounds to them, no matter how good it is, that will diminish their quality. And if other patrons of science follow suit, those journals’businesses could begin to crumble. Moreover, by actively directing the beneficiaries of its patronage
towards the repository in question, set up last year by the Wellcome Trust (after Gates, the world’s second-largest medical-research charity), the foundation is pointing to a specific type of alternative—and to a future for scientific publication that, if not completely journal-free, is likely to be at least, “journal-lite”.
这项政策将会造成负面影响，因为在这些顶级期刊上发表研究成果事关很多人的职业发展。
而且，这些期刊自身也会受到影响。
这些期刊之所以声名卓著是因为他们能够优中选精，只刊登最顶尖的科研成果。
如果有些成果不合乎标准，无论内容再好也不予刊登，因为那会降低刊物的水准。
如果其他的科研赞助者纷纷效仿该基金会的做法，这些期刊将会面临经营状况堪忧的局面。
除此之外，通过积极引导受资助者将其研究成果放入维康信托基金会去年建立的资料库（该信托基金是仅次于比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会的世界第二大医疗慈善机构），盖茨基金会为科研成果发布提供了一个新的具体渠道，也指明了其未来的发展方向，即便做不到完全摆脱期刊，至少也要“减少对期刊的依赖”。
One criticism, in a world where most non-commercial scientific research is sponsored by governments, is that there should be no further charge for reading the results of taxpayer-funded work. Journals, in other words, should have no cover or subscription price. A second is that the process of getting a paper published takes too long. Months—sometimes years—can pass while a hopeful researcher first finds a journal willing to publish, and then waits for peer review and the negotiation of amendments. That keeps others in the field in the dark about new results for longer than is really necessary, and thus slows down the progress of science. Third, though this is less easy to prove, many researchers suspect that anonymous peer review is sometimes exploited by rivals to delay the publication of competitors’papers, or, conversely, that cabals of mates scratch each others’backs, review-wise.
当今世界，多数非商业性科研活动都是由政府资助的。
因此，有人就认为既然用纳税人的钱搞科研，那么查阅相关研究成果就不应再另行付费。
换句话说，期刊不能明码标价或收取订阅费。
还有人认为论文发表耗时太长，一名满怀希望的科研人员找到一家愿意为其发表论文的期刊后，还要等待同行评审以及沟通修改论文内容，这个过程短则数月，长则数年。
这样一来，其他科研人员也就无法及时了解这些新的科研成果，科学发展的步伐也由此放缓。
此外，尽管更难佐证，但是许多研究人员怀疑竞争对手有时利用同行匿名评审来推迟自己的论文发表时间，或者认为有些研究人员之间结党营私，搞小动作，在同行评审时相互给予方便。