经典作品修辞赏析 5 Blood Sweat and Tears
Metonymy(借喻)
以产地， 五.以产地，发明者或者作者代替产品或作 以产地 品。 1、 We had to carry bottles of very 、 expensive cologne and we constantly sprayed him down . 我们不得不带上几瓶非常昂贵的科隆香水， 我们不得不带上几瓶非常昂贵的科隆香水， 并不断地把他彻底喷得香喷喷的。 并不断地把他彻底喷得香喷喷的。
（二）用人体部位或器官指代人的品质，才能， 用人体部位或器官指代人的品质，才能， 特征等。 特征等。 1.If there is any bad blood in the fellow he will be sure to show it. 如果这个人心里有所怀恨的话，他一定会流露出 如果这个人心里有所怀恨的话， 来。 血液” 代替strong especially 以 “血液”(blood)代替 代替 unpleasant feeling ;temper. 2.I have an opinion of you,sir,to which it is no easy to my is another form of metaphor , very similar to synecdoche[si'nekdəki] , in which the thing chosen for the metaphorical image is closely associated with (but not an actual part of ) the subject with which it is to be compared. The use of a particular metonymy makes a comment about the idea for which it has been substituted , and thereby helps to define that idea. 借喻修辞手法能使语言更加生动形象， 借喻修辞手法能使语言更加生动形象，浅显 易懂，也使语言新鲜活泼，富有表现力。 易懂，也使语言新鲜活泼，富有表现力。
丘吉尔 I Have Nothing to Offer but Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat
• constitutional monarchy: A monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation. The monarch actually has no real power. The monarch’s power are limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.
• Churchill had a phenomenal memory, if he read a document four ord for word and used this to great effect in the House of Commons where it is not permitted to read a speech.
• The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a queen and a Parliament that has two houses: the House of Lords, with 574 life peers, 92 hereditary peers, and 26 bishops; and the House of Commons, which has 651 popularly elected members. Supreme legislative power is vested in Parliament.
Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat热血,辛劳,眼泪和汗水Winston Churchill May 13, 1940
Blood, Toil, Sweat and TearsWinston Churchill (May 13, 1940 )温斯顿·丘吉尔，政治家、画家、演说家、作家以及记者，1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主（获奖作品《第二次世界大战回忆录》），曾于1940－1945年及1951－1955年期间两度任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，带领英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。
据传为历史上掌握英语单词词汇量最多的人之一(十二万多)。
2002年，BBC举行了一个名为“最伟大的100名英国人”的调查，结果丘吉尔获选为有史以来最伟大的英国人。
May 13, 1940Mr. Speaker:On Friday evening last I received His Majesty’s commission to form a new Administration. It was the evident wish and will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties, both those who supported the late Government and also the parties of the Opposition.I have completed the most important part of this task. A War Cabinet has been formed of five Members, representing, with the Liberal, Opposition, the unity of the nation. The three party Leaders have agreed to serve, either in the War Cabinet or in high executive office. The three Fighting Services have been filled. It was necessary that this should be done in one single day, on account of the extreme urgency and rigour of events. A number of other key positions were filled yesterday, and I am submitting a further list to His Majesty tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of the principal Ministers during tomorrow. The appointment of the otherMinisters usually takes a little longer, but I trust that, when Parliament meets again, this part of my task will be completed, and that the Administration will be complete in all respects.Sir, I considered it in the public interest to suggest that the House should be summoned to meet today. Mr. Speaker agreed and took the necessary steps, in accordance with the powers conferred upon him by the Resolution of the House. At the end of the proceedings today, the Adjournment of the House will be proposed until Tuesday, the 21st May, with, of course, provision for earlier meeting, if need be. The business to be considered during that week will be notified to Members at the earliest opportunity. I now invite the House, by the Resolution which stands in my name, to record its approval of the steps taken and to declare its confidence in the new Government.Sir, to form an Administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself, but it must be remembered that we are in the preliminary stage of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in action at many points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean, that the air battle is continuous and that many preparations have to be made here at home. In this crisis I hope I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today. I hope that any of my friends and colleagues, or former colleagues, who are affected by the political reconstruction, will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act. I would say to the House, as I said to those who’ve joined this government: “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many long months of struggle and of suffering. You ask, what is our policy? I will say: It is to wage war, by sea, land and air, with all ourmight and with all the strength that God can give us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: victory. Victory at all costs, victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival. Let that be realised; no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse of the ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal.But I take up my task with buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. At this time I feel entitled to claim the aid of all, and I say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.”星期五晚上，我接受了英王陛下的委托，组织新政府。
英语修辞手法分析大全+英语文章分析赏析
英语修辞手法分析大全+英语文章分析赏析英语修辞手法分析大全一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and hadpassed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touchsomething.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
例如：1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh andblood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
丘吉尔的《BLOOD,SWEATANDTEARS》英语演讲稿：激励英国人民的信仰
丘吉尔的《BLOOD,SWEATANDTEARS》英语演讲稿：激励英国人民的信仰Ladies and gentlemen,It is often said that a great leader is one who caninspire their people to overcome any obstacle. Winston Churchill, the legendary Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, lived up to this ideal in every possible way. In the face of extreme adversity, he gave the English people the strength to fight on with his now-iconic “Blood, Sweat and Tears” speech.I stand here today to remind you of the tremendous impact of that speech on the people of Britain, and to rekindle the spirit of courage and determination that it epitomized. More than seventy years later, it remains a shining example of the power of words to inspire a nation.Back then, Britain was fighting desperately for its very survival. The threat of Nazi Germany was looming large, andthe country had just lost one-third of its navy at the handsof the Germans. The world was watching as Britain stood aloneagainst this formidable enemy. In such trying times, the morale of the British people was at an all-time low.And that's when Churchill stepped up to the podium in the House of Commons to make his famous speech. He began by acknowledging the gravity of the situation, and the immense struggle that lay ahead. He then went on to declare his unwavering resolve to fight on, with the full support of the people of Britain.He painted a vivid picture of the horrors of war, and the intense sacrifice that would be required to win it. He spoke of the blood that would be shed, the sweat that would be poured, and the tears that would be shed. But he also emphasized that these sacrifices were necessary, and that the only way to overcome the enemy was to face them head-on with unwavering courage.His words galvanized the entire nation. They gave hope to those who had lost faith, and inspired those who had never given up. People were no longer just fighting for their own survival, but for the survival of their country and the preservation of their way of life. Churchill's speech gavethem the faith and the conviction that they could emerge victorious, no matter what the cost.Looking back, it's clear that the “Blood, Sweat and Tears” speech played a pivotal role in turning the tide of the war. It was a turning point in the history of Britain, and remains one of the most memorable speeches ever uttered by a leader. Its timeless message of resilience and determination continues to inspire people to this day, and serves as a reminder of the power of words to move nations.In conclusion, as the world battles through the COVID-19 pandemic today, we can all learn from the lessons and inspirations of Churchill's unparalleled leadership and courage. We must embrace the struggle and hardship, rejecting defeatism and timidity. Instead, we must face the challenges and fight on, with unwavering determination and unflagging spirit, till the day we emerge victorious. As Churchill said at the end of his speech: "We shall go on to the end. Weshall never surrender."。
英语文学作品中的修辞赏析
英语⽂学作品中的修辞赏析2019-10-24摘要：纵观中外⽂学的作品中，⽆⼀例外的都有或多或少的修辞⼿法应⽤。
把⽐喻、拟题、夸张、排⽐等修辞⼿法应⽤到⽂学作品中，可以让⼈物或者事物更加⽣动形象，惟妙惟肖，让读者流连忘返，为⽂章增加更多动⼈⾊彩。
本⽂就英语⽂学作品中的⽐喻、拟⼈和夸张修辞⼿法做⼀个简要的赏析。
关键词：英语⽂学修辞赏析前⾔每⼀部⽂学作品的产⽣，都是集齐作者的⽣活经历、感悟为⼀体，加上⼀些⾔语表达技巧⽽成，它不仅仅反映这社会的真实状态，同时也在抒发作者的情感。
每⼀位成功的⽂学家抑或是作家，都有⾃⼰独特的语⾔⽂字表达⽅式。
他们风格各异，在修辞格的运⽤上⾯也各有千秋，不同的修辞格在不同作家的笔下，给读者带来的⽂学感受也是不同的。
修辞格的使⽤在各⼤⽂学作品中都会出现，了解修辞格，可以更好地赏析⽂学作品的内涵。
⼀、英语⽂学作品中的⽐喻修辞赏析⽐喻就是把两个不同事物的相似之处进⾏⽐较，使得其中⼀个事物更加鲜活。
⽂学作品中加⼊⽐喻的修辞⼿法可使⽂章更加⽣动形象，⽂章的可读性也得到了⼤⼤的加强，绝⼤部分的⽂学作品中都会使⽤这种修辞⼿法，它们颇受作家的钟爱。
⽐喻可以分为明喻、暗喻。
明喻在英语⽂学作品中的运⽤和我国汉语的⽤法⼤致是相同的，有本体和喻体，通过对两个事物的特征或者形态进⾏对⽐，从⽽得出本体与喻体之间的相似之处。
英语⽂学作品中，通常会⽤⼀些列如“like”“as if”“such as”等的标志词。
伟⼤⽂学家莎翁《⼗四⾏诗》⼀⽂中有这样⼀句话：“ So are you to my thoughts as food to life .”⽂意为：“你对我的思想就像⾷物对于⽣命⼀样重要。
”莎翁把⼈与⼈的相思之情和⾷物对于⼈的⽣命作⽐较，⽣动形象地表达了他的爱之切，⽤情⾄深。
另⼀种是⽂中并不出现“like”“such as”这样的象征词。
如wrence作品中⼀句：“with the quickness of a long cat，she climbed up into the nest of cool-bladed foliage.”暗喻即隐喻。
雪莱诗歌修辞手法赏析
雪莱四首诗歌中的修辞手法的赏析修辞手法是文学创作中不可缺少的重要手法之一，纵观古今中外，可以说几乎每一部文学作品中都有修辞手法的运用。
作为英国文学史上的重要浪漫诗人之一的雪莱，更是在其诗歌中将修辞运用的淋漓尽致。
修辞手法的运用，使得文学作品更具可读性，欣赏性，使描写栩栩如生，使刻画淋漓尽致，总之，修辞的运用可谓是在文学作品中起到画龙点睛之笔的作用。
下面就是个人对雪莱诗歌中修辞手法的运用所做的一些赏析。
See! the mountains kiss high heaven,And the waves clasp one another;No sister flower could be forgiven,If it disdained its brother;And the sunlight clasps the earth,And the moonbeams kiss the sea;What is all this sweet work worth,If thou kiss not me?-选自《爱的哲学》此处，诗歌中运用了拟人（personification）以及对照（contrast）的修辞手法，“高山吻着碧空，波浪也互相拥抱”“阳光拥抱大地，月光亲吻海岸”世间万物如此和谐相爱，而你却不肯吻我，本是无生命的山水，月亮太阳等，诗人却用只有人才能发出的动作如亲吻，拥抱等来把这些无生命的自然事物赋予了生命，赋予了感情，使得诗歌更加唯美婉转，自然万物的和谐与你我之间的对比更体现了诗人对爱的感悟和追求之心切，无奈等感情。
I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowersFrom the seas and streams:I bear light shade for the leaves when laidIn their noonday dreams.From my wings are shaken the dews that wakenThe sweet buds every one,When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,As she dances about the sun.I wield the flail of lashing hail,And whiten the green plains under,And then again I dissolve it in rain,And laugh as I pass in thunder.-选自《云》其中的thirsting flowers,in their noonday dreams, my wings, waken the sweet buds, their mother's breast, as she dances,等都使用了拟人（personification）的修辞手法。
英文名著片段修辞分析作文
英文名著片段修辞分析作文1. The sun was shining brightly, casting its goldenrays upon the lush green fields. The flowers swayed gentlyin the breeze, their vibrant colors dancing in harmony with nature's symphony. It was a scene straight out of a dream, where time seemed to stand still and all worries faded away.2. The old man sat on the park bench, his wrinkled face etched with a lifetime of stories. His eyes, filled with wisdom and a hint of sadness, gazed into the distance as if searching for something long lost. Each line on his facetold a tale of laughter, tears, and the bittersweet journey of life.3. The storm raged outside, its fury unleashed upon the world. Rain pounded against the windows, like a thousandtiny drums beating in unison. Thunder roared, shaking the very foundation of the earth, while lightning illuminatedthe darkened sky, revealing glimpses of a chaotic and unpredictable world.4. The young girl skipped down the street, her laughter filling the air like music. Her eyes sparkled with innocence and wonder, as she explored the world with boundless curiosity. Every step she took was filled withjoy and excitement, as if each moment held the promise of a new adventure.5. The room was filled with silence, broken only by the sound of a ticking clock. Time seemed to slow down, as if caught in a never-ending loop. The air was heavy with anticipation, as if something important was about to happen. It was a moment frozen in time, where every breath held the weight of eternity.6. The scent of freshly baked bread wafted through the air, filling the room with a warm and comforting aroma. It was a smell that brought back memories of home, of family gathered around the table, sharing stories and laughter. With each bite, the taste of nostalgia lingered on the tongue, reminding us of the simple joys in life.7. The city streets were alive with a symphony of sounds. Cars honked, people chattered, and music blared from every corner. It was a cacophony of noise, a chaotic blend of voices and melodies. Yet, within the chaos, there was a rhythm, a harmony that somehow held it all together, creating a vibrant tapestry of urban life.8. The moon hung low in the sky, its pale light casting eerie shadows upon the deserted streets. The night was still, as if holding its breath, waiting for something to happen. It was a moment of quiet anticipation, where the world seemed to hold its collective breath, as if bracing for the unknown.9. The waves crashed against the shore, theirrelentless power a reminder of nature's might. With each surge, the water reached further up the beach, as if claiming its territory. The sound of the ocean was both soothing and exhilarating, a symphony of crashing waves and bubbling foam.10. The laughter of children echoed through the park,their carefree spirits lifting the weight of the world. Their voices were like music, a melody that danced on the wind. It was a sound that brought joy to the heart, a reminder of the innocence and purity that still existed in the world.。
现代大学英语精读5修辞
● 1. Alliteration 头韵● 2. Allusion 引喻● 3. Anaphora 首语重复法● 4. antithesis对偶● 5. Antonomasia 换称，代称● 6. Chiasmus 交错法●7. Hyperbole 夸张●8. Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻●9. metonymy借喻,转喻●10. oxymoron 反意法,逆喻●11. Repetition 重复，反复●12. Paradox 隽语●13. Parallelism 排比, 平行●14. Pun 双关●15. Simile 明喻●16. Syllepsis 一语双叙法，兼用法●17. Synecdoche 提喻●18. transferred epithet移就●19. Irony反语Where do we go from hereAntithesis●Ossie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should bereconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 134 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority. (para4)●As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (para5)●Psychological freedom ......physical slavery (para5)●And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and powerhave usually been contrasted as opposites - polar opposites--so that love isidentified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. (para7) ●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●The dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into brighttomorrows of quality, integrated education. (para. 25)●There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed intothe fatigue of despair.(para26)●......and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. (para. 27)Metaphor●To upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of hisown Olympian manhood.(para5)●Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weaponagainst the long night of physical slavery.(para5)●The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his ownbeing and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own Emancipation Proclamation.(para5)●Negroes who have a double disability will have a greater effect on discriminationwhen they have the additional weapon of cash to use in their struggle. (para13) Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measurement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated .(para14)●He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocksthe door to the meaning of ultimate reality. (para20)●We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life's market place.(para21) ●America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia ofdeeds. (para. 25)●Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that ……(para. 25)●……shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. (para. 25)●……slums are cast into the junk heaps of history. (para. 25)●There will still be rocky places of frustration and meandering points ofbewilderment.(para26)●When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, ...... (para.27)●......working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil (para. 27) Chiasmas●What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive,and love without power is sentimental and anemic. Power at its best is loveimplementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.(para8)It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis of our times.(para9)Simile●It is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remainsecurely incarcerated behind bars.(para17)●......justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.(para. 25)Parallel struture●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) ●And I have seen too much hate. I've seen too much hate on the faces of sheriffs inthe South. I've seen hate on the faces of too many Klansmen and too many White Citizens Councilors in the South to want to hate myself, because every time I see it, I know that it does something to their faces and their personalities and I say to myself that hate is too great a burden to bear.(para20)Paradox●Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answersthat don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)●......a power that is able to make a way out of no way. (para 27)Anaphora●And the other thing is that I am concerned about a better world. I'm concernedabout justice. I'm concerned about brotherhood. I'm concerned about truth. And when one is concerned about these, he can never advocate violence.(para19)●So, I conclude by saying again today that we have a task and let us go out with a"divine dissatisfaction." Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Let us be dissatisfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope arebrought into the metropolis of daily security. Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem but as an opportunity toparticipate in the beauty of diversity. Let us be dissatisfied until men and women, however black they may be, will be judged on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration●Let us be dissatisfied. Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses agovernor who will do justly, who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Let us be dissatisfied.And men will recognize that out of one blood God made all men to dwell upon the face of the earth. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when nobody will shout "White Power!" - when nobody will shout "Black Power!" - but everybody will talk about God's power and human power.●Anaphora transferred epithet metaphor●Antithesis allusion metonymy simile●Alliteration allusion●When our days become dreary with low hovering clouds of despair, and when ournights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform darkyesterdays into bright tomorrows.●Metaphor●paradox●antithesisTwo kinds●Simile1.It was like a stiff embraceless dance between her and the TV set. (para21 )2.So that the fluffy skirt of her white dress cascaded slowly to the floor like the petals of a large carnation. (para24 )3.I would play after him, the simple scale, the simple chord, and then I just played some nonsense that sounded like a cat running up and down on top of garbage cans. (para 38 )4.He marched stiffly to show me how to make each finger dance up and down, staccato like an obedient little soldier. (para 39 )5.I felt the same way, and it seemed as if everybody were now coming up, like gawkers at the scene of an accident. (para 60 )6. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest. (para 73)7.Her face went blank, her mouth closed, her arms went slack, and she backed out the room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless. (para 76)●8. …… as if she were blowing away like a sm all brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless.(para 76)Oxymoron1.She was proudly modest like a proper Chinese child. (para 24 )2.I heard a little boy whisper loudly to his mother. (para 53)●Alliteration.Chinatown’s Littlest Chinese Chess Champion. (para 42 )Irony1.You lucky you don’t have this problems, said Auntie Lindo with a sign to my mother. (para 44 )Hyperbole1.And now I realized how many people were in the audience, the whole world it seemed. (para 54)Metaphor1.We could have escaped during intermission. Pride and some strange sense of honor must have anchored my parents to their chairs. (para 55 )Ridicule1.She took me to a beauty training school in the Mission district and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. (para 6 ) SyllepsisThe lid of piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams. (para 81)Allusion●I was like the Christ child lifted out of the straw manger. (para 9)Metaphor●Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied together and more intricate knotsbetween …… (para 2)●…. will flatten every cultural crease. (para 4)●Metaphor●Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. (para7)●We borrowed an American box. (para 8)●Earl y on I realized……some type of compass to guide me through the wilds ofglobal culture.Metonymy●……and suggesting that Hollywood be burned. (para 5)●…… to live in a museum while we will have shower that work. (para 6)●Antonomasia●……at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattan’s UpperWest Side. (para 14)Professions for Women●Synecdoche● 1.I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent,shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2 )Metonymy● 1.No demand was made upon the family purse. (para 1 )2. I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher’s bills. (para 2)Metaphor● 1.The image that comes to my mind when I think of this girl is the image of afisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water. (para 5 )2.You have won rooms of you own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (para 7 )Lesson Seven Invisible ManMetaphor● 1.It took me……and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to…….(p1)● 2. A sea of faces, some hostile, some amused, ringed around us…… (para 7)● 3. ……I had suddenly found myself in a dark room filled with poisonouscottonmouths. (para 11)Simile●It was as though I had rolled through a bed of hot coals. (para 44)● 1.About eighty-five years……separate like the fingers of the hand.(p1)● 2.The young children……on the wick like the old man’s breathing.(p2)● 3.The hair was yellow like that of a circus kewpie doll.(p7)● 4. ……firm and round as the domes of East Indian temples. (para 7)● 5. ……and beads of pearly perspiration glistening like dew …… (para 7)6. the smoke of a hundred cigar clinging to her like the thinnest of veils. (para 8)●7.In my mind……as bright as flame.(para10)●8.For in those days……like a crisp ginger cookie.(para16)●9. But the blindfold was tight as a thick skin-puckering scab. (para 17)10.My saliva became like hot bitter glue.(p20)●11.The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs……(p21)●12. ……testing the smoke-filled air like the knobbed feelers of hypersensitivesnails. (para. 21)13. A blow to my head……like a jack-in-the-box……(p27)●14. A hot, violent force……like a wet rat.(p38)●15. some called like a bass-voiced parrot. (para 39)●16. glistening like a ci rcus seal,……(para 40)●17.Suddenly I saw……twitching like the flesh of a horse stung by manyflies.(p40)●18.I was careful……like a cloud of foul air……(p42)●19.Seeing their fingers……as a fumbled football……(p45)●20.I was limp as a dish rag.(p46)●21.But still……a s though deaf with cotton in dirty ears.(p55)●22. The laugher hung smoke……like in the sudden stillness.(p70)● 3. Alliteration● 1. I want you……to death and destruction……(p2)● 2. Some of the other……slipping and sliding……(p9)4.Transferred epithet● 1.We were a small……with anticipatory sweat……(p6)● 2.But now I……of blind terror.(p10)● 3.He kept coming, bring the rank sharp violence of……(p25)5. Irony● 1.What powers of endurance……! What enthusiasm!(p55)Simile● 1. Grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to sting theflesh. (para.1 line 7)● 2. The land was like iron. (para.8 line 1)● 3. Her long, black hair, always drawn and…, lay upon her shoulders and againsther breast like a shawl. (para. 10 line 10)● 4. Houses are like sentinels in the plain, old keepers of the weather watch.(para.11 line 1)● 5. My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. (para14)Lesson 9 Metaphor● 1. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summerthe prairi e is an anvil’s edge.(para1 line4)● 2. The skyline in all directions is close at hand, the high wall of the woods anddeep cleavages of shade. (para.6 line 3)● 3. Descending eastward, the highland meadows are a stairway to the plain.(Para 7 line 1)● 4. The great billowing clouds that sail upon it are shadows that move upon thegrain like water, dividing light. (para.7 line5)● 5. Not yet would they veer southward to the caldron of the land that lay below;● 6. They must wean their blood from……..(para 7 )●Alliteration1. The grass turns brittle and brown.(para.1 line 6)● 2. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, linear groves of hickory andpecan, willow and witch hazel.(para1.line7)● 3. Great green-and-yellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the ………(p ara1line9)● 4. …but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. (para6 line5)● 5. There to beg and barter for an animal from the Goodninght herd.(para 9 line 9)6. So exclusive were they of all mere custom and company. (para10 line 8)●7. But there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitationupon the syllables of sorrow. (para10 line 14)●8. The aged visitors who came to my grandmother’s home when I was a childwere made of lean and leather. (para.12 line 6)●9. Full of jest and gesture , fright and false alarm. They went abroad in fringedand flowered shawls. ( para 12 4)Pun●It was a long journey toward the dawn. (para 4)●……for indeed they emerged from a sunless world. (para 4)。
高级英语2修辞总结归纳
Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para. 20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8)Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para.22)Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24) Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para. 25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1)Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice…Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para.19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13) Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para. 8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para.14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para.31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Para. 47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para.47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)5. You are the whole world…of outer space (Para. 132)6. “I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para. 132)Metonymy1. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para. 122)Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37)Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more Could Ruskin (Authors’ Note)“Really” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody” (Para. 73)Who knew (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Young MenMetaphor:1. …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality… (Para. 2)2. battle for success (Para. 3)3. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, untilthe crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. …once the young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5. …they had outgrown town and families (Para. 6)6. …in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)8. …now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9. …was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. (Para. 9)10. …but since the country w as blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Personification:…the country was blind and deaf to everything…dollar…. (Para. 9)Metonymy:1. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3. …their minds and pens inflamed against war,…(Para. 7)4. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)5. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…(Pa ra. 8)6. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the yo ung…(Para. 11)Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure… (Para. 3).&。
英文经典诗歌中的修辞典例及其作用
Science &Technology Vision科技视界英语学习是一个循序渐进的过程,其间听、说、读、写译均要不断练习。
这个过程是有意义的,也是枯燥乏味的。
为了缓解压力,英文歌曲,英文小品文,英文诗歌等都是不错的选择。
而在欣赏名曲名著的同时也是不断提高英语思维与修为的过程。
尤其是英文诗歌,它们如同汉语诗词一样散发着不同寻常的芬芳魅力。
1明喻(Simile)明喻修辞是英语中最常用也是最容易学的一种修辞,它将具有共性的两种不同事物连接起来,通常的句式为“A 像B”。
以下均为明喻的标志与信号:like,as,as it were,as though,similar to。
通常由本体,喻体和比喻词三部分组成。
通过明喻的使用,使得本体形象生动,一目了然。
诗歌中往往借此抒发浓烈厚重的思想感情。
例一:啊,我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰,六月里迎风初开啊,我的爱人像支甜甜的曲子,奏得合拍又和谐。
———Robert Burns (罗伯特·彭斯)的My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose (我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰)My Love Is Like A Red Red Rose 一诗为被称作“18世纪浪漫主义诗歌先驱”的苏格兰诗人罗伯特·彭斯所作。
其代表诗集《主要以苏格兰方言而写的诗》使得彭斯一举成名。
此诗歌颂爱情的伟大与美妙,赞叹爱情的圣洁与魅力,让人对爱情心驰神往,恋恋不忘。
也被谱曲演绎成了歌曲。
通过此种修辞,全诗为我们呈现出一幅色彩斑斓的画面,每每读来,一个动人不凡的苏格兰少女仿佛缓缓向我们走来,让人久久不能忘怀。
2拟人(personification)顾名思义,即将人所独具的特性、特质赋于动物、植物或某些物体之上,使其人格化、人性化。
运用此种修辞手法会让诗歌的灵动性与激昂性更容易凸显出来,易于主题的抒发和作者胸臆的坦白。
例二:剽悍的西风啊,你是暮秋的呼吸,因你无形的存在,枯叶四处逃窜,如同魔鬼见到了巫师,纷纷躲避。
演说词的语篇功能及语篇格律分析——Blood,Toil,Tears and Sweat的文体风格
语篇 往往 是人 们表 达思 想 的需要 。对语 篇及语
无不 呈 现 出 节 奏 感 。在 语 篇 中 同 样 存 在 着 节 奏 。 Ｍａ ｉ ｔ ｒｎ和 Ｒ ｓ ｏｅ在 Ｗ ｒ ｎ ｉ ｉ ｏｒ ｏ ｉ ｗｔ Ｄｓ ｕ ｅ一 书 中对 主 ｋｇ ｈ ｃ ｓ
通 过 运 用 Ｈ ｌ ｙ的 三 大 元 功 能 之 一 的 语 篇 功 能理 论 和 Ｍ ｒｎ与 Ｒ ｓ 格 律 论 ， Ｗｉ ｔ ｈ ｒｈ ｌ ａ Ｍａ ｌ ａｔ ｉ ｏ ｅ的 对 ｎ ｏ Ｃ ｕｃ ｉ 的著 名 演 说 词 ｓｎ ｌ
Ｂｏｄ，ｏ ， ｅｒ ａ Ｓ ｅｔ 行 文 体 分析 ， 目的在 于展 现 该 演说 词 乃 至 一般 演说 词 所 共 有 的 文 体 风 格 。 ｌ ｏ Ｔｉ Ｔａ Ｍ ｗ ａ 进 ｌ ｓ 其
首先 ， 篇 演 说 词 由 ６６个 单 词 ，９个 句子 组 整 ８ ２ 成 ， 均每 句长 ２ ． 个 词 。全 篇 由 ８个 句 子 含词量 平 ３７ 在３ ０个词 以上 。最 长 的 句 子 有 ７ ５个 单 词 ， 短 的 最 句 子有 ４个单 词 ， 大部分 是 中长度 的句子 。例 如 ， 在
第２ ８卷 第 ２期
２０ ０ ９年 ４月
文章 编 号 ：６４—０７ （０９ ０ １７ ０ ６２０ ）２—０６ —０ ００ ４
南 昌工 程 学 院 学 报
Ｖ １２ ｏ ２ ｏ．８Ｎ
．
Ａｐ ２ ０ ｒ．０ ９
演 说 词 的语 篇 功 能 及 语 篇 格律 分 析
— —
Ｂｏ ｄ， ｏｌ Ｔａｓａ ｄＳ ｅ ｔ的 文 体 风 格 ｌｏ Ｔ ｉ， ｅ ｒ ｎ ｗ ａ
Blood, toil, sweat and tears(中英双语)
Blood, toil, sweat and tearsWinston L. S. Churchill1.On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.2. It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be received on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.3. I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation. It was necessary that this should be done in one single day, on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. A number of other key positions were filled yesterday, and I am submitting a further list to his Majesty tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of the principal Ministers during tomorrow. The appointment of the other Ministers usually takes a little longer, but I trust that, when Parliament meets again, this part of task will be completed, and that the administration will be complete in all respects.4. I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. Mr. Speaker agreed, and took the necessary steps, in accordance with the powers conferred upon him by the Resolution of the House. At the end ofthe proceedings today, the adjourment of the House will be proposed until Tuesday, May 21, with provision for earlier meeting if need be. The business to be considered during that week will be notified to Members at the earliest opportunity.5. I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution:6. “That this House welcomes the formation of a governmentrepresenting the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion.7. To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at many other points --- in Norway and in Holland --- and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.8. In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or former colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for my lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.9. I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined thisgovernment, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.10. You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lame table catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.11. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs --- victory in spite of all terrors --- victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.12. Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward to ward his goal.13. I take up my task in buoyancy and hop. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.”热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪(英) 温·丘吉尔1940上星期五晚我奉国王陛下之命组织新内阁。
别出心裁的比喻――约翰·邓恩的《跳蚤》赏析
别出⼼裁的⽐喻――约翰·邓恩的《跳蚤》赏析2019-09-18摘要：⽞学派诗⼈出现于⼗七世纪，通常喜欢在他们的诗歌中运⽤别出⼼裁的⽐喻（conceit）。
约翰·邓恩被认为是⽞学派诗⼈的重要代表，其代表作《跳蚤》是被收录次数最多的诗篇之⼀，诗作以诗⼈向情⼈求爱的⼝语体写成，⽐喻出乎通常想象，反映了邓恩式的奇想。
关键词：⽞学派诗⼈奇喻跳蚤⼀、⽞学派诗⼈和奇喻Metaphysics这个词最早出现于John Dryden的著作Discourse Concerning Satire (1693)中，他曾批评邓恩在他的诗作中“affects the metaphysics”。
后来，1779年，Samuel Johnson⼜把“Metaphysical”这个词延伸指⼗七世纪初期的⼀群诗⼈，即“⽞学派诗⼈”（Metaphysical poets）。
这些诗⼈是⼀群博学多才的⼈，他们的诗作以别出⼼裁的⽐喻(conceit)、⼝语化诗体、富于变化的格律等为主要特征。
与此前伊丽莎⽩时代和此后新古典主义时期的诗歌相⽐，此派诗歌内容⽐较复杂，有⽐较浓郁的宗教神秘⾊彩。
他们的诗歌中充满了紧张的⼼情和关于⼈的感情的议论和分析。
这种诗通常⽤词简单，经常采⽤出⼈意料的⽐喻。
句式简略凝缩，多为诗⼈以第⼀⼈称展开的⼀场与爱⼈、上帝及⾃⾝的辩论。
⽞学派诗在18世纪湮没⽆闻，到19世纪晚期及20世纪初⼜重新赢得了诗⼈们的注意，特别受到现代诗⼈T.S.艾略特的推崇。
⽞学派诗⼈的主要代表者是约翰·邓恩（John Donne，1572―1631）、乔治·赫伯特 (George Herbert，1593―1633)、理查德·克拉肖 (Richard Crashaw，1613―1649) 和亨利·沃恩 (Henry Vaugham 1621-1695)等等。
在⽂学史上，约翰·邓恩被认为是⽞学派诗⼈的重要代表。
丘吉尔的演讲“Blood,Tears,andSweat”的人际功能探究
的信息来源 。因此 ，语篇 中大部 分采用陈述语气 ，
是发话者的交际角色和交 际 目的决定 的。
称代词极少是 中立 出现 的 ， 它在很 大程度 上体现话
这篇演讲 中的两个疑 问句是模仿 听众提问。
（１）Ｙ ｏ ｕ ａ ｓ ｋ ， ｗｈ ａ ｔ ｉ ｓ ｏ ｕ ｒ ｐ ｏ ｌ ｉ ｃ ｙ ？ （ ２）Ｙ ｏ ｕ ａ ｓ ｋ ， ｗｈ ａ ｔ ｉ ｓ ｏ ｕ ｒ ａ ｉ ｍ？
功能语法 中的语气系统是 南 “ 主语 ”和 “ 限定 成分 ” 组成 的。 而语气系统也主要 南一种语气构成 ： 即陈述语气 ，疑问语 气 ， 祈使语气 。 语 气系统 的分 析对于揭示语篇 的人际意义具 有重要作用 。
３ ． １ ． １小句类型
功能在这篇演讲 中的实现 ， 从 而说 明政治演讲在意 义和信 息传达上 的语篇特点 ， 以期能更好地去赏析 和理解 这篇精彩 的演讲 。
气和情 态两个 系统对丘吉 尔的著名演讲 “ Ｂ ｌ ｏ ｏ ｄ ， Ｔｅ ａ ｒ Ｓ ， ａ ｎ ｄ Ｓ ｗｅ ａ ｔ ”进行人 际意义分析 ，揭示政治演讲 中人
际意义的实现手段 ，并试 图通过分析其语 言表达形 式的选择 了解其背后的真正意义。 关键词 ：人 际功能 ；语气 系统 ；情态 系统
中图分类号 ：Ｈ０ １ ９ 文献标识码 ：Ａ
１ 引言
来 表达说话者 的态度 、 评价 以及交际角色之间关 系
政治演讲 ， 是人们针对国家内政 事务和对外关
系，表明立场、阐明观点 、宣传主张的一种演 讲。… 具有雄辩性 、 劝说性 和鼓 动性 。在政治演讲 中 ， 政 治家们需要运用各种语言手 段 ， 阐明 自己的政治主
张， 获取 民众支持 ， 人际功能在政治演讲 中得到 了 集 中体现 。
双语阅读：BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪
BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARSIn this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for my colleagues who are affected by thepolitical reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer butblood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before usan ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite ofall terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength."热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪值此危急关头，我想，即使我今天向国会的报告过于简略，也当能见谅。
丘吉尔《BLOOD,SWEATANDTEARS》英语演讲稿
丘吉尔《BLOOD,SWEATANDTEARS》英语演讲稿丘吉尔《BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS》英语演讲稿"BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS"Winston Churchill (May 13, 1940 )On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.I have already completed the most important part of this task.A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. 's at the earliest opportunity.I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the newgovernment. The resolution:"That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion."To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.。
丘吉尔二战经典演讲：热血、汗水和眼泪
丘吉尔二战经典演讲：热血、汗水和眼泪(1940.5.13)"BLOOD, SWEAT AND TEARS"Winston Churchill (May 13, 1940 ) On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that t his should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the King tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to M. P. 's at the earliest opportunity.I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government. The resolution:"That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion."To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny neversurpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory. Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength."“热血、汗水和眼泪”上星期五晚上，我奉陛下之命，组织新的一届zheng府。
通过演讲释放力量：丘吉尔的《BLOOD,SWEATANDTEARS》
通过演讲释放力量：丘吉尔的《BLOOD,SWEATANDTEARS》Through Speeches Unleash Power: The Significance of Churchill's "Blood, Sweat and Tears"Speeches are an art form. They can inspire masses, convince people of a cause, and stir up emotions that lead to actions. In a world where words are weaponized to divide and conquer, rhetoric has become both a blessing and a curse.One man who understood this power of speech was Winston Churchill. As a leader and orator, Churchill had a unique talent for communicating with his people. He understood that words could convince the masses, unite people behind a cause, and motivate them to act. And nowhere is this more evident than in his famous speech "Blood, Sweat, and Tears." This speech, given on May 13, 1940, at the House of Commons, has become synonymous with Churchill's determination, leadership, and unwavering commitment to victory during World War II.In this speech, Churchill addresses the House of Commons, his colleagues, and his people during one of the darkest moments in British history. The Nazi army had just invaded Belgium, and there was a general sense of panic and despair.The future looked bleak, and many were skeptical ofChurchill's ability to lead the country through these turbulent times. But Churchill refused to lose hope. He believed in the power of words, and he believed in the determination of his people. And so, his speech reflected both these ideas.The speech itself is a masterpiece of oratory. It is littered with memorable phrases, stirring rhetoric, and powerful imagery that rally his people and inspire them to continue the fight. Churchill begins by acknowledging the severity of the crisis, but he quickly shifts the focus to the indomitable spirit of the British people. He speaks of their courage, their tenacity and their willingness to fight until the end.But it is the phrase "blood, sweat, and tears" that truly captures the essence of the speech. Churchill uses these words to convey the sacrifices that must be made in times of war. He does not sugarcoat the reality of the situation. Churchill acknowledges that the road ahead would be tough, but he assures his people that their suffering would not bein vain. Blood, sweat, and tears are not just a metaphor forthe difficult road ahead; they are a reminder of thesacrifice that must be made in order to achieve victory.Throughout the speech, Churchill deploys a range of rhetorical strategies to persuade his audience. He uses repetition to emphasize his key messages, alliteration to add impact, and metaphors to create vivid imagery. Theserhetorical devices are not just used to make the speech sound good; they are used to create an emotional connection between Churchill and his audience. By using powerful language and memorable phrases, Churchill makes his speech resonate withhis listeners, making them feel as if they are a part of something bigger than themselves.But the power of Churchill's speeches goes beyond mere rhetoric. Churchill understood that words could affect change. He knew that speeches could influence public opinion, sway leaders, and shape the course of history. Churchill's speeches played a vital role in the war effort. Theymotivated soldiers, rallied the public, and inspired theallied forces to continue fighting despite the odds.In his speech "Blood, Sweat, and Tears," Churchill taps into that power of speech. He speaks to his people thelanguage of determination, of strength, and of sacrifice. He makes them feel as if they are a part of something largerthan themselves, and he inspires them to continue the fight. Churchill's speeches did not just reflect his leadership;they also helped to shape it.In conclusion, the significance of Churchill's "Blood, Sweat, and Tears" speech cannot be overstated. It is a testament to the power of language, the strength of the human spirit, and the importance of leadership in times of hardship. Churchill's speeches were more than mere words; they were catalysts for change, motivators for action, and instrumentsof hope. Churchill understood the power of speeches, and he used that power to influence the course of history. His speeches are not just examples of good rhetoric; they are examples of what a leader can achieve when they communicate with the people they lead.。
演说词的语篇功能及语篇格律分析——Blood,Toil,Tears and Sweat的文体风格
演说词的语篇功能及语篇格律分析——Blood,Toil,Tears
and Sweat的文体风格
计艳;李发根
【期刊名称】《南昌工程学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2009(028)002
【摘要】演说是在公众面前就某一问题发表自己见解的口头语言活动,是在一定的社会活动之下产生的并由词汇、语法去实现的语篇.语篇成为话语分析的重要研究对象,运用语言学理论对语篇进行文体分析也迅速得以发展.通过运用Halliday的三大元功能之一的语篇功能理论和Martin与Rose的格律论,对Winston Churchill 的著名演说词Blood,Toil,Tears and Sweat进行文体分析,其目的在于展现该演说词乃至一般演说词所共有的文体风格.
【总页数】4页(P60-63)
【作者】计艳;李发根
【作者单位】江西师范大学,外国语学院,江西,南昌,330022;江西师范大学,外国语学院,江西,南昌,330022
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H315
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Blood, Sweat and Tearsby Winston ChurchillOn Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration. It was the evident will of' Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.I have already completed the most important part of this task. A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition, and Liberals, the unity of the nation. It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events. Other key positions were filled yesterday. I am submitting a further list to the king tonight. I hope to complete the appointment of principal ministers during tomorrow.The appointment of other ministers usually takes a little longer. I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects. I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today. At the end of today's proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 21 with provision for earlier meeting if need be. Business for that will be notified to MP's at the earliest opportunity.I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government.The resolution:"That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion."To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself. But we are in the preliminary phase of one of the greatest battles in history. We are in action at many other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to beprepared in the Mediterranean. The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if 1 do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or former colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.I say to the House as I said to ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea, and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word. It is victory. Victory at all costs - Victory in spite of all terrors - Victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, "Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength."“热血、汗水和眼泪”温斯顿·丘吉尔(1940年5月13日)上星期五晚上，我奉陛下之命，组织新的一届政府。
按国会和国民的意愿，新政府显然应该考虑建立在尽可能广泛的基础上，应该兼容所有的党派。
我已经完成了这项任务的最主要的部分。
战时内阁已由五人组成，包括工党、反对党和自由党，这体现了举国团结一致。
由于事态的极端紧急和严峻，新阁政府须于一天之内组成，其他的关键岗位也于昨日安排就绪。
今晚还要向国王呈报一份名单。
我希望明天就能完成几位主要大臣的任命。
其余大臣们的任命照例得晚一些。
我相信，在国会下一次召开时，任命将告完成，臻于完善。
为公众利益着想，我建议议长今天就召开国会。
今天的议程结束时，建议休会到5月21日，并准备在必要时提前开会。
有关事项当会及早通知各位议员。
现在我请求国会作出决议，批准我所采取的各项步骤，启示记录在案，并且声明信任新政府。
决议如下：“本国会欢迎新政府的组成，她体现了举国一致的坚定不移的决心：对德作战，直到最后胜利。
”组织如此规模和如此复杂的政府原本是一项重大的任务。
但是我们正处于历史上罕见的一场大战的初始阶段。
我们在其他许多地点作战——在挪威，在荷兰，我们还必须在地中海做好准备。
空战正在继续，而且在本土也必须做好许多准备工作。
值此危急关头，我想，即使我今天向国会的报告过于简略，也当能见谅。
我还希望所有在这次改组中受到影响的朋友、同僚和旧日的同僚们对必要的礼仪方面的任何不周之处能毫不介意。
我向国会表明，一如我向入阁的大臣们所表明的，我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水我们所面临的将是一场极其严酷的考验，将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。
若问我们的政策是什么？我的回答是：在陆上、海上、空中作战。
尽我们的全力，尽上帝赋予我们的全部力量去作战，对人类黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上空前凶残的暴政作战。
这就是我们的政策。
若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来回答，那就是胜利。
不惜一切代价，去夺取胜利——不惧一切恐怖，去夺取胜利——不论前路如何漫长、如何艰苦，去夺取胜利。
因为没有胜利就不能生存。
我们务必认识到，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就不复有多少世纪以来的强烈要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。