英语习语的使用
初中英语 常见习语用法
初中英语常见习语用法常见习语用法习语是每个语言中都存在的一种特殊表达方式，常常具有隐含的含义和独特的用法。
在英语中，习语的运用广泛而多样，熟练掌握常见的习语用法对于提升英语表达能力和理解能力非常重要。
本文将介绍一些常见的习语，并探讨如何正确运用它们。
1. "A piece of cake" （小菜一碟）这个习语意味着某事非常容易或者简单。
例如，当你完成一个简单的任务时，你可以说：“It was a piece of cake!”（这太容易了！）2. "Break a leg" （好运）这是一个祝福，通常在演艺界和表演中使用。
当你希望某人在演出中获得好运时，你可以说：“Break a leg!”（祝你好运！）3. "Bite the bullet" （硬着头皮做某事）这个习语表示做某事时勇敢面对困难或困境。
当你鼓励朋友去面对困难时，你可以说：“You need to bite the bullet and face the problem.”（你需要勇敢面对问题。
）4. "Hit the nail on the head" （一针见血）这个习语表示某人说的话或做的事情非常准确，一针见血。
当你同意某人的观点时，你可以说：“You hit the nail on the head with that comment.”（你的评论非常准确。
）5. "Costs an arm and a leg" （价钱高昂）这个习语表示某物价格非常昂贵。
当你谈论高价商品时，你可以说：“That new car costs an arm and a leg.”（那辆新车太贵了。
）6. "Break the ice" （打破僵局，打破沉默）这个习语表示开始一个对话或者社交环境时，打破尴尬或沉默。
当你希望在一个陌生场合开始交流时，你可以说：“Let's break the ice with some introductions.”（让我们打破沉默，互相介绍一下。
英语习语的理解与使用
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英语习语翻译方法
英语习语翻译方法英语翻译习语方法一：直译法纸老虎利用直译法后，英语翻译成paper tiger,在外国人看来明义而又传神，直至逐渐被英美接受留用。
作为英语翻译中的中国人，直译的代表作kung fu，也由于中国的世界影响力，早早成为正式的英美民族语言。
英语翻译习语方法二：同义习语借用法在英语翻译前后，两种语言无论内容形式，表达情感都存在部分习语存在类似的比喻。
在英语翻译时，我们往往直接借用，如walls have ears与隔墙有耳，虽存在差异，但字义巧妙吻合，令借用后的英语翻译相得益彰。
英语翻译习语方法三：意译法意译法能处理在英语翻译中无法直译与借用状况下的原稿，典型的落花流水一词，由于表示一败涂地之意，而被英语翻译为to bi shattered to pieces，便是如此。
英语翻译习语方法四：省略法汉语中存在着四字习语两两对偶的情形，一般的英语翻译处理法会让译文显得杂糅重复，此时，省略法就发挥了功效。
如街谈巷议一词，简单的意味street gossip即可，英语翻译前后虽省略了一个词义，但却完全正确自然。
英语翻译习语方法五：增加法有了省略法，自有增加法。
在英语翻译中，汉语往往简略后能让国人明义，而英语则必须要增加说明，顺合外国人对英语翻译的习惯。
如树倒猢狲散译为Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter中的helter-skelter便是利用增加法，起到调和英语翻译的作用。
2翻译英文文章技巧拿到一篇英文，首先要略读一下，来确定文章风格。
如果是抒情式的必须要将文章翻译得优美一些。
如果是科技文章，则语言必须要偏向专业和精简风格。
要多读相关材料来熟悉所写的内容。
一篇文章都会有自身的主题，要围绕主题多读一些相关的文章，这样在翻译当中才会使用更加合适的词汇、语句。
要注意英语单词对应的语义。
英语单词在翻译成汉语会有不同的意思。
英语中常见的习语固定搭配
1. Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌2 Seeing is believing..百闻不如一见（眼见为实）3. worse off than some, better off than many比上不足比下有余4. A slow sparrow should make an early start. 笨鸟先飞5. white night不眠之夜6. Everything comes to him who waits. 功夫不负有心人7. spare no effort; go all out to do; do one's best 不遗余力8. No discord, no concord.不打不成交9. rob Peter to pay Paul拆东墙补西墙10. on a gravy train 轻松赚大钱，美差11. jump on the bandwagon 赶时髦12. come to a head 到了最关键的时候13. decline to do/ turn down to do 拒绝做某事14．phase out 逐渐淘汰16. make an about-face 有一个大转变17. keep a lid on sb 限制某人18. domino effect 多米诺骨牌效应19. have a common thread 具有共同特点20. let bygones be bygones 既往不咎21. have cold feet 打退堂鼓22. come into line with 同意。
23. be down-to-earth 脚踏实地24. sit on the fence 脚踩两只船25. out of kilter/ on the blink 出差错；乱套26. cut and dried, cliché老生常谈陈词滥调27. Scapegoat: 替罪羊28. Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在不怕没柴烧29. go under 破产，失败30. play ducks and drakes 挥霍无度的行为, 打水漂31. Teetotal: 滴酒不沾的32. battern on the poor 中饱私囊，慷他人之慨33. out of the blue 出乎意料的34. cash-strapped 身无分文的35. be too smart by half弄巧成拙36. back and forth 来来回回37. throw good money after bad赔了夫人又折兵38.once on shore, one prays no more 好了伤疤忘了疼39. cut off all means of retreat破釜沉舟40. take the preemptive opportunities 抢得先机41. Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待42. get sth in line 处于控制中，可控的43. put on ice 推迟，暂缓44. turn the corner 转危为安45. the haves and the have-nots 富人和穷人，富国和穷国46. through and through adv.货真价实, 反复, 彻头彻尾47. win-win co-operation强强联手48. were asleep at the switch 玩忽职守49. be off on the wrong foot: 一开始就把事情弄糟，开始就不顺利50. Joy puts heart into a man.人逢喜事精神爽51. huge-crowd strategy 人海战术55. Peace all year round. 岁岁平安57. Misfortune may be an actual blessing. 塞翁失马焉知非福58. walk down the aisle. 走红地毯(结婚)59. see the elephant 见世面60.once in a blue moon adv.千载难逢地61. lash out at sb 严厉谴责某人62. morning after 宿醉63. over-the-counter adj.不需处方可以出售的(药)64. all the rage 风靡一时的事物65. mom and pop shops 夫妻店66. Talk of the devil and he comes.说曹操,曹操到67. call a spade a spade实话实说;68. put on the airs 摆架子70.hide one's capacities and bide one's time 韬光养晦71. sugar-coated bullets 糖衣炮弹72. a bolt from the blue 天有不测风云76. Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分77.往事如风'The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas78. beyond the pale 出格；出圈；越轨；令人不能容忍79. Misfortunes never come singly. 祸不单行81. draw water to one's mill唯利是图82. in dire need of 急需83. A moot point: 争论未决的问题84. hit and run 肇事85. all-hands on deck' effort 所有人的努力86. a new broom sweeps clean新官上任三把火88. accumulate strength for a take-off蓄势而发89. May all your wish come true 心想事成90. have a tacit understanding;心照不宣91. when pigs fly 这决不可能92. catch the ball before the bound 先下手为强93. top to bottom adv. 全面的94. bottom line n. 结果，实质问题95. under-eye bags 眼袋black eye 熊猫眼（被打的）96. mingled hope and fear喜忧参半97. step by step 循序渐进98. speed somebody on their way; 一路平安，一路顺风99. a burning question 亟待解决的问题100 land of milk and honey鱼米之乡101. Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.有情人终成眷属102. Money makes the mare go. Money talks. 有钱能使鬼推磨103. by a whisker毫厘之差104. use brawn rather than brain有勇无谋105.bail sb out 使某人脱困106. stay afloat 安全，无困难107. people oriented 以人为本108.be not out of the woods 未脱离危险e to terms with sth 与。
英语习语学习：掌握常用的英语习语
a piece of
cake（非常容
易的）
副词性习语：
以副词为核心
的习语，如：
on the spot
（立即）
学习英语习语的有效方法
运用习语
• 在口语交流中尝试使用习语，提高语言表达能力
• 在写作中运用习语，丰富文章表达
了解习语的意义和用法
• 通过查阅词典和参考书，了解习语的意义和用法
学习效率行口语交流 Nhomakorabea谢观看THANK YOU FOR WATCHING
CREATE TOGETHER
DOCS
• 通过阅读英语文章和书籍，了解习语在实际语境中的应用
记忆习语
• 通过重复练习和联想记忆，记住习语的意义和形式
• 通过制作习语卡片，随时随地复习习语
如何正确理解和运用英语习语
了解习语的文化背景
• 通过学习英语国家的文化传统和习俗，了解习语的文化内涵
• 通过阅读英语文学作品，感受习语所传达的文化气息
制定合理的英语习语学习计划
设定学习目标
制定学习计划
• 如：学习100个常用英语习语
• 如：每天学习5个英语习语
• 如：掌握英语习语的文化背景和语用意义
• 如：每周复习一次所学习语
利用各种资源学习英语习语
利用教材和参考书学习英语习语
利用网络和移动设备学习英语习语
• 如：阅读《牛津英语习语词典》
• 如：使用手机APP学习英语习语
07
英语习语学习中的常见问题和解决方法
英语习语学习中的常见困惑
困惑一：英语习语的意义和用法难以理解
• 解决方法：查阅词典和参考书，了解习语的意义和用法
• 解决方法：阅读英语文章和书籍，了解习语在实际语境中的应用
英语习语在英语教学中的作用
自己班里找 ， 自己的身边找 ， 习每 个人身上的优 点， 大家 包括家庭 、 从 学 集 周围环境和 人际关系 等 ， 个人社会 责任感 的形成 对
的优 点在 自己身 上 ， 不 同 的 方 面 完 善 自 己 。通 过 让 学 生 从 身 和 培 养 起 着 重 要 的影 响作 用 。家 庭 是社 会 生 活 的基 本 单 位 ， 从 社 边 找 榜 样 的活 动 ， 即养 成 了学 生 发 现 别人 优 点 的 思 维 模 式 ， 又 会 物 质 生 活 条 件 ， 先 通 过 家 庭 去 影 响 学 生 ， 庭 成 员 特 别 是 首 家 促 进 了他 们 的 成 长 ， 促 进 了班 内 友 爱 和 谐 的 气 氛 ， 而 培 养 父 母 是 学 生 最 早 的老 师 ， 们 对 社 会 的 态 度 和 社 会 责 任 感 的 强 也 进 他
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１ 英语习语促进 语音、 ． 词汇、 语法等基础教学。在英语课堂
ｗ ｌ １Ｓ １７ ） 究 发 现 ， 无 榜 样 与 大 学 生 责 任 心 存 在 责任感和使命 感， ｉ 】 ｉ （９ ２ 研 有 树立职业意识， 加强职业责任感。
任何个性都打着社会 的烙 印， 任何个性发展 都受着社会的
的榜 样 。有 些 学 生 可 能觉 得 这 些 榜 样 离 自 己太 远 ， 让 学 生 在 烙 印 ， 何 个 性 发 展 都 受 着 社 会 的制 约 。局 部 的社 会 生 活 环 境 就 任
英语中关于“猪”的习语及用法
英语中关于“猪”的习语及用法一、固定搭配及相关习语1.make a pig of oneself吃得太多2.to be a pig about对……贪得无厌3.to teach a pig to play on a flute做荒诞或不可能的事4.something of a sow’s ear无价值的东西、蹩脚货5.as drunk as a sow烂醉如泥6.as a hog on ice 举止笨拙、孤立无援的7.a pig in a poke/bag 未经过目而购进的货8.on the pig's back / ear 走运、幸福之极、洋洋得意9.drive (one's) pigs to market 打鼾10.g et the wrong pig by the tail 捉错了人;搞错了对象11.g ive sb. a pig of his own sow 以其人之道还治其人之身12.t o make a pig's ear of something 把某事弄糟13.b uy a pig in a poke （未见实物而）乱买东西（吃了亏）14.P igs might fly.无稽之谈;奇迹不可能会发生。
15.T he pigs ran through it. 事情因有人干预而不能进行。
16.W hat can you expect from a pig/hog but a grunt 狗嘴吐不出象牙。
17.C ast pearls before swine.对牛弹琴、将珍贵的东西送给不识货者。
18.Y ou can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear.You can’t make a horn out of a pig’s tail.劣材难成美器。
19.T his place is a pigsty.这地方脏乱的跟猪圈一样。
idiomaboutmoon关于月亮习语在英语中的应用
Idiom about Moon教学目标动作技术目标1、让学生掌握四个英语口语中常常利用的含有moon单词的习语，了解它们的意思，掌握它们的用法2、提高学生的英语口语技术3、鼓励学生参与到课堂中来，锻炼他们的听说能力4、巩固学生对句子成份的分析能力，以期达到学以致用的目标情感目标1，学生在课堂上有信心开口说英语口语2，学生在课堂下成心愿用英语口语交流教学重点1、四个短语over the moon（很乐意，很满意，很高兴）promise sb the moon（给某人开空头支票，对某人作不切实际的许诺） ask for the moon（想办不到的事情，想要取得得不到的东西）; once in a blue moon（千载难逢，可贵，罕有）的意思和运用2、完整句子的成份划分教学难点——以上四个短语的运用教学方式在以学生为中心的教学模式下，主要采用提问法，教学法和练习法。
教学进程导入 (4--7分钟)：一、今天，咱们又来到了一周一节课的英语成语库时间，那么接下来老师会给同窗们带来什么好玩又有效的英语习语呢？先让咱们看一小段的电影《神探夏洛克》。
利用多媒体播放准备好的电影片段，当电影中的对话提到了“over the moon”时，暂停影片。
二、问题一：影片中夏洛克形容他哥哥时用的一句话是“He is over the moon.”大家先猜想一下这句话是什么意思？3、在黑板上写下短语“over the moon”。
请不同的学生回答方才提出的问题一。
利用我国嫦娥奔月的故事，引导学生发挥想象。
激发学生在情感上的共鸣——嫦娥奔月的故事流传了上千年，月亮之上也成了大家向往的美好的地方。
假象一下当你们的到了一次安全登录月球的机缘，当你站在月球表面的时候你们的心情是如何的呢？学生答：兴奋，激动，高兴……我：well done. This phase is usually used to express sb is very happy, very pleasure or verywillful. Now I will give you one sentence and asksome volunteer to help me translate it in Chinese.讲解新课（23---30分钟）（第一、二个短语别离用7—9分钟讲解第三、四个短语一共用6---8分钟让学生自行思考分析，剩余4—5分钟进行讨论和讲解）用ppt展示第一个关于over the moon的例句——She is over the moon about her new job，请学生起来翻译而且分析句子成份.参照翻译：她对新工作感到超级满意。
小学英语教学中的习语教学
小学英语教学中的习语教学一、引言习语教学在小学英语教学中占据着重要的地位。
习语是语言的重要组成部分，它包含了丰富的文化信息，有助于提高学生的语言运用能力和跨文化交际能力。
因此，在小学英语教学中，如何有效地进行习语教学，成为了一个值得探讨的问题。
本文将就小学英语教学中的习语教学进行探讨，分析其重要性、现状及存在的问题，并提出相应的对策和建议。
二、习语教学的重要性习语是语言中的精华，它包含了丰富的文化内涵和语言智慧，是语言学习的重要内容之一。
在小学英语教学中，习语教学可以提高学生的语言运用能力，培养学生的文化意识，促进学生全面发展。
此外，习语教学还可以激发学生的学习热情和兴趣，增强学生的学习动力，从而提高教学效果。
三、当前习语教学的现状及问题尽管习语教学在小学英语教学中具有重要的地位，但目前在教学过程中仍然存在一些问题。
首先，许多教师对习语的理解不够深入，导致在教学过程中对习语的讲解不够准确和深入。
其次，一些教师对习语的教学方法和技巧掌握不够熟练，导致教学效果不理想。
此外，由于一些习语具有一定的文化背景和内涵，而教师对这些背景和内涵的讲解不够充分，导致学生对习语的理解不够透彻。
最后，一些教师对习语的教学缺乏系统的规划和设计，导致教学效果不均衡，影响了学生的全面发展。
四、对策和建议针对当前习语教学中存在的问题，提出以下对策和建议：1.提高教师的专业素养：教师是教学的关键因素，因此，提高教师的专业素养是提高习语教学效果的重要途径。
教师需要加强对英语习语的研究和学习，提高自己的专业水平。
此外，教师还需要加强教学方法和技巧的学习和掌握，提高自己的教学能力。
2.加强文化背景知识的讲解：在习语教学中，文化背景知识的讲解是不可或缺的一部分。
教师需要向学生介绍相关的文化背景知识，如历史、民俗、宗教等，帮助学生更好地理解习语的内涵和意义。
3.合理安排教学内容：教师在进行习语教学时，需要合理安排教学内容，注重教学内容的均衡性和系统性。
英语习语
第八章英语习语Ⅰ．英语习语的特征Ⅱ．英语习语的分类Ⅲ．英语习语的整体与结构成分之间的语义关系Ⅳ．英语习语的修辞色彩和语体色彩Ⅴ．英语习语的应用ExercisesanswersⅠ．英语习语的特征英语习语有两个特征：一是语义的统一性（semantic unity）；一是结构的固定性（structural stability）。
习语（idiom）是个固定的词组，在语义上是个不可分割的统一体，其整体的意义往往不能从组成习语的各个词汇意义中揣测出来，如do sb. brown（使某人上当），do up brown（把……彻底搞好），show the white feather（显示胆怯）。
从结构上来看，习语也有本身的完整性，其中各个组成部分是固定的，不可任意拆开或替换。
如"A stitch in time saves nine."（小洞不补，大洞吃苦。
照字面译应是：及时一针，省却九针。
）中，a不能改成one，in the same boat（处境相同）中boat不能换用同义词ship。
又如"Diamond cut diamond，crook cut crook."（棋逢敌手）中，动词cut不加s（古英语用虚拟语气较多，在谚语中有时表现为动词第三人称单数现在时不加s），而在"Like cures like．"（以毒攻毒）中动词cure则用单数，不能改用复数。
习语是经受了历史上长时期的考验，千锤百炼而形成的，因而不容随便更动。
习语与自由短语词组（free phrase）不同。
后者可从其组成部分的字面意义来判定其释义，如red tape（官样文章，烦琐和拖拉的公事程序）和cold comfort（简直不起作用的安慰）是习语，而red tapes（红色带子）和cold winter（寒冷的冬天）则是自由短语词组。
再如短语动词既可看作习语，也可不作习语对待，视上下文而定。
论英语习语的特点及其活用
从上例可看出,英语习语的语义不是 各个成分意义相加.即如果把组成一个习 语的各个词拆散开来.尽管能够懂得每个 词的单独意义.但仍可能无法理解这个习 语的语义.因此.英语习语在语义上是一个 不可分割的统一体.应把它作为一个整体 来理解. 3.英语习语的成因决定英特点.英语 习语言简意赅,妙趣横生.是在于它们的内 涵联系着民族的历史文化,源远流长.英语 习语基本源于历史事件,寓言.神话,传说. 民间风俗和某些文学作品等.经过时间的 锤炼.删繁就筒.潜移默化.其形式和语义 固定了下来.发展成为今天的英语习语. 上例(1)He
rain cats and
dogs按字面直译为.雨大得
下猫下狗",实际上是.下倾盆大雨"的意
思.
的词义色彩完全贬降了.今天尽管我们 在用时常常把(and)master of none这 部分缩略,但仍用于贬义.表示.杂而不 精的人".变异是习语的发展方向.同时 必须指出.每一次变异,被认同的循环 过程需要一个很长的时间. 那么.英语习语变体是否也具有此 特点呢? 英语习语变体的出现.满足了时代 发展需要.满足了人们标新立异的心理 需要.反映了英语习语r历史发展方向. 英语习语变体是在原习语的基础上进 行变异而创造出来的.它们和原习语有 着不可分割的联系.表面联系表现在习 语变体的表达形式上.或结构或语音或 语法或语义等.内在联系则集中表现为 对习语变体的可变性的限制.也就是
(adaptability)(Verschueren.2000).
源于古代北欧神话,猫和狗都是暴风雨 之神欧丁(0din)的使者.分别象征大雨 和强风.rain
cats and
dogs喻做倾盆大
雨,狂风大作.形象生动. 因为英语习语与历史文化的内在联 系.人们能够从它们所负载的典故或事 件里领悟出其中的隐喻,达到交流的且
英语习语在汉英翻译中的运用
期 以来 习用 的， 表达完整意义的 ， 结构定型的固定词组 或短 句。…一 般 不能任意拆开或重新组合 ， 它们一般 有固定 的形式 和意义 ， 表示一个 统
的概念 ”１ 【 ｌ 。 习语一直 以来都为人们所熟 悉和喜 爱， 因此 ， 书面语 和 口语 中都 在 大量地被使用 。 无论是在汉语还是英语的文学原著作 品中， 读者都能够 看 到使用适 当的非常地道的习语 。 毫无疑问 ， 习语 的出现使作品增 色不 少 。朗读起来非常上 口。同时， 用词准确的习语 以及言简意赅的特性 让 原 文生动鲜活 ， 极大地增强 了原文 的可读性。由此 ， 笔者认为 ， 在进行 翻 译 的时候 ， 是否可 以适 当地运用英语习语 ， 为译 文增添色彩 ， 提高译 文 的质量 呢？在本文 中， 笔者将通过 翻译实践 中的实例 ， 来论述英语 习语 在汉英翻译 中的运用 ，以及如何 通过 运用恰 当的英语 习语来 提高译作 的质 量 。 二 、 语 习语 在 译 文 中 的具 体 运 用 英 任何 的字词都有其原意和引申义。对于习语本 意的理解都可 以通 过相关 的习语工具书查 到。换句话说 ， 只要通过 阅读英语 习语词典 ， 关 于英语 习语 的理解都是可以找 到的。事 实上 ， 翻译 的过程 中 ， 在 既可以 考虑使用 习语 ， 也可以考虑不使用 习语 。那 么， 译者 如何来判定在特定 的语 言环境中 ， 是否使用英语 习语呢？举例如 下： 比如 ， 在书信中 ， 的人常常会用到类似这样 的句子 ： 写信 “ 时光飞逝 ， 一眨眼， 我们 已有十年未见 了， 不知你们可还好…” 译文一 ：
…
标识语 ： 小心台阶！ 译文一 ：
Ｗ ａｃ ｕ ！ ｔ ｈｏ ｔ
译文二 ：
Ｉ ｋｏ ｔ ∞ｏ ｕ ！
理解英语习语和表达方式
理解英语习语和表达方式习语是英语中常见的表达方式，它们由特定的词组或短语组成，具有特殊的含义。
了解英语习语和表达方式对于学习和使用英语非常重要。
本文将探讨英语习语的定义、分类以及学习习语的方法。
一、英语习语的定义和特点英语习语是英语中的一种特殊表达方式，由一系列单词组成，通常有固定的词序和含义。
它们在语言中具有特定的象征意义，往往与字面意思不同。
例如，"kick the bucket"意为“去世”，但字面意思是“踢桶子”。
英语习语有以下几个特点：1. 超越字面意思：英语习语的含义往往与字面意思不符，需要根据上下文来理解。
2. 固定词序：习语的词序通常不能改变，否则会使其含义发生变化。
3. 丰富多样：英语习语有很多种类，涵盖了各个方面的生活和文化，如动物、食物、体育等。
二、英语习语的分类英语习语可根据不同的特点和用途进行分类。
以下是几种常见的分类方式：1. 动物习语：以动物为主题的习语，如"as blind as a bat"（非常近视）。
2. 食物习语：以食物为主题的习语，如"a piece of cake"（轻而易举）。
3. 体育习语：与体育相关的习语，如"down to the wire"（胶着的比赛）。
4. 地理习语：与地理位置相关的习语，如"in deep water"（陷入困境）。
5. 比喻习语：使用比喻的方式来表达的习语，如"let the cat out of the bag"（泄露秘密）。
三、学习英语习语的方法学习英语习语需要一定的方法和技巧，以下是几个有效的学习方法：1. 阅读和听力：通过大量阅读英语材料和听英语广播、电视节目来接触和熟悉习语的使用。
2. 上下文理解：在学习习语时，要注意习语出现的上下文，从上下文中推测习语的含义。
3. 制定习语列表：将学到的习语整理成列表，并注明其含义和例句，方便之后的回顾和使用。
英语习语在日常生活中的应用
On the Application of English Idioms in Daily Life英语习语在日常生活中的应用摘要众所周知，英语习语一直都很流行，如果运用恰当准确的话，将会得到很好的表达效果。
英语习语具有简单的句子结构和深刻的意义，许多的文化信息都用习语来表述。
从某些意义上讲，英语习语是环境的反映、生活的反映和历史文化的反映等。
它们通常运用于各种语言类型当中，非正式的和正式的、口语的和书面的。
英语习语通常包括成语、俗语、格言、歇后语、谚语、俚语、行话等。
它是一种由词语共同组成的，不同于字典定义单个单词的短语，他可以使努力学习习语的学生和学习者较难理解。
习语的短语和短句由两个或多个词组成，它作为一个意义单位，不能被认为是由各种单词组成的意思。
其表现形式音节优美，音律协调，或含蓄幽默，或严肃典雅，言简意赅，形象生动，妙趣横生，给人一种美的享受。
习语是语言的精华，他带有浓厚的民族色彩和鲜明的文化内涵。
这篇文章主要谈论英语习语以及在日常生活中怎样准确运用习语。
关键词：英语习语；意义；运用；日常生活AbstractAs is known to us all, English idioms are always very popular among people, if used properly, we can get a very good expressive effect. They contain brief structures and profound meanings. Lots of cultural information is embodied in idioms. In some senses, idioms are the reflection of the environment, life, historical culture, etc. They are commonly used in all types of language, informal and formal, spoken and written. In brief, idioms are fixed phrases. It usually includes proverb, saying, slang, jargon and so on. An idiom is a phrase where the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words, which can make idioms hard for students and learners to understand. The idioms are set phrases and short sentences made up of two or more words; it functions as a unit of meaning which cannot be predicted from its literal meaning of its component words. Its forms of expression are beautiful in syllable, and harmonious in rhythm. Some are implicit or humorous; some are serious and elegant; some are concise, vivid and interesting, which are gratifying man’s aesthetic sense. Idioms are also the essence of a language, which have strong national colors and distinctive cultural connotations. This thesismainly talks about English idioms and how to use English idioms properly in daily life.Key words: English idioms; meanings; applications; daily lifeContents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1. Introduction (1)2. An Analysis of English idioms (3)2.1 Origin of English Idioms (3)2.2 Classification of English Idioms (6)2.3 Significance of English Idioms (7)3. Application of English Idioms in Daily Life (7)3.1 Application of Different Types of English Idioms (7)3.1.1 Food Culture and the English Idioms (7)3.1.2 English names and English idioms (8)3.1.3 Color and English idioms (9)3.1.4 Numbers and English idioms (10)3.1.5 The Bible and the English idioms (11)3.2 Restrictions on the Use of English Idioms in Daily Life (12)3.2.1 Idioms Used in Passive or Active V oice (12)3.2.2 Idioms Used on Formal and Informal Occasions (12)3.3.3 Idioms Not Used in Present Participles (12)4. Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)Acknowledgements (15)1. IntroductionIdioms, as a matter of fact, have no strict and accurate definition of themselves and it is just a custom from one generation to another. What is idiom about? After the comprehensive researching of a large amount of English-Chinese dictionaries, references and related documents, idioms in broad sense may include: set phrases, proverbs, singings, epigrams, slang expressions, colloquialisms, quotation two-part allegorical sayings,of which the fist part, always stated, is descriptive, while the second part sometimes unstated, carries the message (chiefly in Chinese) . Idioms are widely recognized as the essence or the crystallization of language, and fixed sentences or phrases which have been refined through ages of use. Idioms from the productive labor of ordinary people and life experiences, is the essence of the language and the epitome of a man in a long-term agreement to vulgar language practice. Idioms are unique, fixed expression of a language in the course of formation. Idioms formed in the course, after the test of practice, and gradually accepted by the people, they have a fixed structure and the strong historical colors. Idioms are the same as the essence of literary language. They carry the cultural characteristics and cultural information of a nation. While a relatively long history of language contains a lot of idioms, Chinese and English language all the same.Idioms, after a long-term use of language, derive from fixed phrases or short sentences. Idioms, or conventionalized multiword expressions, often but not always non-literal, are hardly marginal in English, though they have been relatively neglected in lexical studies of the language. This neglect is especially evident in respect of the functions of idioms. The apparent existence of idioms everywhere makes us realize the importance of them. The rest of the thesis will mainly explore the features and application of English idioms, in spite of the fact that they are the most opaque part of the vocabulary. Such as “not a word to anyone” (don’t tell anybody; keep it secret), “pull all one’s eggs in one basket”(place one’s all efforts, interest or hopes in a single person or thing), and “leave no stone unturned”( use every possible effort to find out; employ every possible enquiry).As English is becoming widely used, more and more people attach much importance to learning English.In the process of teaching high school English, teachers often blend the English idiom in subtly,not only can improve the students’ interest in learning English, but also enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons.In order to stimulate students’ interest in learning English teachers often spare no efforts to find ways.Through our own teaching practice, we found that English idioms greatly stimul ate students’ interest in learning.As English teachers, in order to increase the students’ vocabulary, we tend to adopt a number of ways of teaching.The word associated with a particular idiom linked to students’ vocabulary as a snowball rapidly. For example, a white lie(善意的谎言)，green-eyed(嫉妒的), cry over spilled milk(做无益的后悔), put all one’s eggs in one basket(孤注一掷) and so on. We should try our best to put what we have learnt into practice. To be an English learner knowing much about English is very important to comprehend the exact meaning of each idiom, and to use it properly. At the same time, you cannot infer the meaning of many English idioms personally and literally. Any small mistake in use may result in different meanings. If you are not prudent enough and use idioms in an improper way, maybe you will not express what you really want to, even misunderstood by others.Language is the carrier of culture, language, essentially speaking, teaching the course is to teaching the process of culture.Idioms der ive from people’s long-term use the phrases or sentences, which is the core and essence of the language.It reads fluently and sounds easy to remember.Very few words, but the reader can vividly convey his ideas and cause extensive association.People are becoming more and more interested in English idioms, because using vivid English idioms in proper time can make speaking and writing expressive, effective, concise, lively and unique. A s the role and importance of idioms Gorky said:It is a great way to teach us to learn to save time,compression language.All the people and experience life on the social history are typically concretized.Thus, a writer must know this material.Because of this,famous writers from all times are experts of using idioms,and idioms, sayings and more loved by the masses.In short,idioms are unique and have deep historical and cultural roots.It is a concentrated expression of the language in the form of special ingredients and a variety of ethnic and rhetorical devices. The following will focus on the resources, classification and meaning of English Idioms and the application of English idioms.2. An Analysis of English idioms2.1 Origin of English IdiomsAny language in a long and splendid history has its magic power and great influence on the people who speak or learn it. As a result, idioms have appeared since the people can record the history. Idioms come from the productive labor of ordinary people and life experiences. It has been long ages and has become conventions. They come from many aspects in our daily life. Most of the idioms in the world are derived from folk works. A large amount of English idioms are created by sailors on the sea, hunters in the woods, farmers in the fields, workers at mills, housewives and cooks in the kitchen and so on. When they are engaged in their specialized activities and production labors, it is always the case that there is a need of condensed sentences to express their thoughts associated with their jobs. Therefore, some sentences and phrases are produced by putting together the surrounding things that they are familiar with. A series of metaphor of vividness and provide food for thought are beloved by everyone and become their technology term in their occupation. As time goes by, the people have found out that this kind of terms and phrases can be used in a more extensive sense, and then using them in a variety of similar circumstances, most of which convey the exquisite philosophy that are enough to instruct and admonish the people. In the course of time, the idioms fall into a pattern that is universally appreciated, and become an essential part of modern English language. For instance, to hit the hay (to go to bed and sleep), the last straw (the final thing after a series of bad things, the thing that finally make you angry) are both created by farmers. The rope is used to tie down the livestock, the original meaning of end of one’s rope is the livestock which were tied down to one end of the rope, and the livestock can only eatthe gras s within the length of the rope and couldn’t move any farther. Now, its meaning is the limitation of one’s capacity. the end of one’s rope, to strike while the iron is hot (to do things at a proper time), to go through the mill (to go through a lot of hardships) etc. are invented by the English workers; while to cry over split milk(it’s no use to recall things that had passed away), to be half-baked (a little learning), in hot water (in a difficult situation), in apple-pie order(in good order), you cannot eat a cake and have it (you cannot own two things at one time) are produced by housewives and cooks. The idioms are full of wit and humor, spread from mouth to mouth. Some idioms come from historical stories, some come from fables, such as Greek fable, Norse mythology.The Greek mythology is the earliest folk oral creation, created between the twelfth century and the eighth century B.C. It has been spread by the Greeks from person to person, from generation to generation for hundreds of years. The continuously artistic treatment of it enables its existence in works of literary, history, philosophy. The Greek mythology occupies an important position in European culture; a great deal of myths became household known in some English speaking countries, thus having been a salutary lesson and reference in English idioms. There were two capes in the eastern part of the Strait of Gibraltar: one is in Europe, the other is in Africa. The two capes used to join together, it was Hercules who broke the two capes apart, so they were called “the Pillars of Hercules”. At that time, the Greeks thought they were the farthest distance between the two places, so the idiom the Pillars of Hercules means “the ends of the earth”. In the idiom to act the part of a Trojan Horse, Trojan Horse alluded to the Greek mythology. “The ancient Greeks kept attacking on the Troy city but without victory, they pretended to withdraw the troops while leaving a pretty huge wooden horse with ambush in it. The huge wooden horse was taken into the Troy city as booty, at night, however, the Greek troops returned to Troy, cooperated with the ambush in the wooden horse and the Troy finally fell to the Greeks.” Today, the phrase Trojan House is taken as a matter of a trap for the enemy or the adversary and widely used as a thing that seems to be good for one while the truth is destructive. The king Augeas in Elis (in Greek myth) kept three thousand head of cattle, but the stockade had not been swept for thirty years, thedirty dung was piling up like a hill. Hercules received Eurystheus’ order to clean the stockade; Hercules used the water from the Alpheus River cleaned up the stockade in one day, the deed soon became one of the most heroic deeds of Hercules. Afterwards, “Augean stables”became an English idiom, whose meaning is the dirtiest place; the meaning of to cleanse the Augean stables is the figurative form of “to clean the gathering litters (the material, moral, religious, legal litters)”Fable originated in oral folk creation, some idioms derive from the Bible. The Bible is the classic works of the Christianity, which occupies an important place and has a great influence in the world literary works. Its English translation, especially the Authorized Version by the England King James I, laying the foundation of modern English, moreover, many literary works such as poems, plays and novels are all based on Bible. The Bible has a rather extensive influence on some Americans who believe in Christian, thus lots of idioms are from the Bible. The Bible influences the idioms mainly in two forms: the first influence is some Biblical characters and Bible stories were spread far and wide, finally they become the idioms; the second influence is that the Bible is well known in the western countries, the sentences and phrases are widely recited by the people, as time goes by, the sentences and phrases become idioms. Take the idiom to put new wine into old bottles for example, it means against the grain and extracted from New Testament—Matthew, Chapte r nine: “Neither do men put wine into old bottles, else the bottles break, nor the wine rennet out, and bottles perish, but they put new wine into new bottles, and both are preserved.” In this chapter, the “bottles” is translated into “leather bags”, becau se the containers at ancient times are made of hides, but not the same bottles as those we use now.Along with the development of English language, the literal meanings of numerous idioms originated from the Bible have been extended in varying degrees, such as cast pearls before swine derived from the New Testament—Matthew, Chapter seven, the original meaning is: “never cast pearls before pigs, or they may tramp the pearls and come to bite you in turn.” Now the extended meaning is “a bright pearl thrown int o darkness”; to make bricks without straw, an extract from Old Testament—Exodus: “Pharaohs never provide the arrested Israelis with straws, butcommand them to pick subtle of wheat, however, the amount of bricks they made must be as many as they made befor e.” Its extended meaning now is “You cannot make something out of nothing.”The above rough definition of idiom demonstrates us the classifications of them, of which the more profoundly we get the knowledge of its type, the more precisely we extract essence of it. As a result, before trying to translate the idioms we are required to check their classifications.2.2 Classification of English IdiomsThe idioms, in a broad sense, include slang, proverbs, common sayings and idioms. They have various forms, for example, phrases, clauses and sentences. Each nation has its own language, among which idiom is the essence and treasure, and has strong cultural characteristics. Relying on idiom’s advantages, it has a long history, and a profound moral and strong expression. Idioms often have strong national color and local color. Generally, idioms could be divided into four aspects: set phrases, proverbs, common sayings and a two-part allegorical saying. According to semantic relationship, the meaning of the idioms can be clearly figured out from each word’s meaning. For example, show one’ teeth; what done is done; green as grass (young or inexperienced). According to the grammatical functions:1)Idioms adjective in nature, their constitutes are probably not adjective. Forexample: as poor as a church mouse (having or earning barely enoughmoney for one’s own needs); all things to all men (take great pain to todayto all person).2)Idioms adverbial in nature, the idioms here contain numerous prepositionalphrases, which can be considered both as adjective and adverb, so the idioms which have the same structure may function differently in a sentence. For example, tooth and nail (with great violence and determination), heart and soul and so on.As we mentioned before, idioms are stable. The constitutes can not be changed or replaced, so the sentence idioms are sayings and proverbs, which can be subdivided into simple, compound sentences. e.g.:Am I your brother’s keeper? (simple)Pig might fly if he had wings. (complex)He who has ears, let him hear. (complex )Whatsoever a man sowed, that should he also reap. (compound).2.3 Significance of English IdiomsIt is important to know the exact meanings of them through using proper idioms on proper occasions. The previous parts focus on the origins and classification of the idioms which are extremely helpful for comprehending the meanings of English idioms. So we should know something about the origins of idioms first. It is better for us to try to learn and use idioms consciously as many as possible and try to apply them into our daily lives. Only in this way can we get to know the exact meanings of idioms, although it is a traditional way for study.Language is the carrier of culture. Language and culture are inseparable. English idioms are the essence of English and the cultural heritage of the people.3. Application of English Idioms in Daily Life3.1 Application of Different Types of English IdiomsAs everybody knows, the purpose of learning is to put what we learn into practice. From previous parts we have gotten a general comprehension of English idioms as well as classification and meanings of idioms. What we need to do next is to study the application of idioms in our daily life, and know how to use properly on suitable occasions. Generally speaking, it can divide the application into 6 aspects from different perspectives: first, application of different types of idioms; second, application of idioms for expressing different feelings or opinions; third, the restrictions in the use of English idioms.3.1.1 Food Culture and the English IdiomsNo matter in western countries or in China, food always have some symbolic meanings, so many idioms come from food culture.Bread is the main food in western countries, and it is the necessary food for westerners. In the Bible, bread is the staff of life, Jesus said to his followers,“ I tellyou the truth, it is my Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world. I am the bread of life. I am the bread of life. I am the living bread that comes down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. This bread is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.”“take the bread out of someone’s mouth”;“have one’s bread buttered for life”;“one’s daily bread”(Holy Bible, 256)Milk is not replaced in western countries, meanwhile, milk is a symbol of good and rich. Such as the two sentences, “A land flowing with milk and honey” means the land is fertil e. “The milk of human kindness” means the good nature of human beings.Honey is an important symbol, it is the supernatural being’s and poet’s favorite food. And it is related to purity, inspiration, eloquence and bless of God, meanwhile, honey stands for sweet of love. Such as “be as sweet as honey”“The honeymoon is over.”“It was no honeymoon.”After knowing about idioms and folk culture, we should understand an idiom in context. Let us see an example below.If there is a saying: “this tin opener’s driving me round the bend! I think I’ll throw it away and get a new one.” Then the context and the common sense tell us that Drive round the bend refers to something different from driving a car round a curve in the road. So the context point out that the tin opener is not working properly and that it’s having an effect on the person using it.“Drive or send somebody round the bend” is an idiom used as an informal style meaning “to make someone very bored or very angry.”(Wang Fuxiang, 58)3.1.2 English names and English idiomsDid heroes create history? Or did history produce heroes? This question has confused people for ages. Plenty of English idioms with names relate to historical figures. John Hancock, one of Boston’s leaders during the crisis, led to the outb reak of the American Revolutionary War in 1775. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress for two years and was the first governor of the Commonwealthof Massachusetts. People remember him for his large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence. John Hancock is a synonym for signature in the United States. For example: Please put your “John Hancock” on this document. Another well-known idiom is from Sir Jack Robinson, the Constable of the Tower of London or several years from 1660 onward. It is said that he was in any way unusually quick in dispatching the Tower’s inmates. Therefore, before you can say Jack Robinson became an expression of a short time e.g. “Done!”There are enumerable English idioms with names coming from Greek and Roman mythology, or Aesop’s fables. For example, Pandora’s Box refers to box full of trouble. In Greek stories, Zeus held a banquet in celebration of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. However, Eris, goddess of discord, was uninvited. Angered by this snub, Eris arrived at the celebration, where she threw a golden apple (the Apple of Discord) into the proceedings, on which was the inscription the fairest one. Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. They asked Zeus to judge which of them was fairest and eventually Zeus reluctant to declared that Paris.3.1.3 Color and English idiomsThe cognition of human beings towards colors is the most fundamental and direct one. But color words or color idioms are the most distinct, the direct and the most concrete image pattern that human beings hold. The diversity of things makes up the diversity of colors. In return the diversity of colors advances the diversifying development of human vocabulary, with the consistent evolution of human thinking; human beings are more and more exposed to other things. So it’s a great need to obtain both abundant and precious color words to describe our beautiful world. The frequent use of color idioms fully reflects the close relations between languages and cultures. Color words are the most culturally connotative one in English vocabulary. Besides representing their concrete colors, they also reflect their cultural background.In both China and England, red is related to some celebrations or happy days. For example, in English, a red letter day means a celebration day or a happy day. In Chinese, kaimenhong and zouhongyun represent happy and successful things. White makes people be associated with no value. For example, in English, they have whiteelephant or white hope. That means something with no value. In Chinese, we have baifei,baida and so on. All these can be translated into all in vain, which have no association with white. Black represents disastrous or unwelcoming people or things. For example, in English black Friday refers the financial crises that happened on September 24th, 1869 and September19th, 1873. In Chinese, we have black Monday or black July representing unlucky days.3.1.4 Numbers and English idiomsWesterners think that unharmony is good. Even number is unlucky and singular number is lucky expect 13 in their heart, that is contrary to the Chinese culture. So when people express further feelings, they often add hundred or thousand to “one”, such as “have one thousand and one things to do” and “one hundred and one thanks”.“Three” is respected by all western countries. And it is regarded as a dignified and lucky symbol, which is made by the trinity. Westerners consider that world is made of earth, ocean and sky. And nature includes animal, plant and mineral. On all accounts, westerners prefer the number “3” which is regarded as a perfect number.“All Good thing go by three.”“This is the third time; I hope good luck lies in odd numbers”“three-ring circus”“Three’s a crowd.”“three score and ten.”“Seven” is the most mysterious number, and it influences further on western culture and even all over the world. “Seven” is a holy number in the western culture. Westerners pay attention to seven kinds of virtues, seven periods of human beings and so on, because “seven” is scared. For example, God use six days to create the earth, the seventh day is regarded as the rest day. The virtue and sin are related to “seven”.e.g.“seven virtues.”“seven deadly sins.”“the seven corporal work of mercy.”“There are many idioms about seven.”“ A man may lose more in an hour than he can get in seven.”“ keep a thing seven years and you will find a use for it.”“ the seventh son of a seven son.”“Thirteen” is a frighten ing number. Westerners regard “thirteen” as the first taboo. In the history, there is a saying in the western country that “Thirteen is an unlucky number.” Westerners never use thirteen in their floor number and house number as soon as possible.“Friday” is an unlucky day in westerners’ eyes, too. If one day is the thirteenth and Friday, westerners will feel more anxious on that day. e.g.:“Black Friday.”“Man Friday.”“Friday face.”3.1.5 The Bible and the English idiomsThe western traditional belief is Christianity. Religious is the spirit power of westerners and God is the master of westerners. So there are many idioms with God and religion. e.g.:“He loses nothing that loses no God.”“Have God and have all.”“A man without religion is a horse without a bridle.”“The danger past and God forgotten.”Having great faith in Christianity, westerners use idioms with God in many aspects. When people curse, they say “Good God”; when people swear, they say “By God”. If you are lucky all of sudden, you can say “God comes to see without a bell”. If you talk about somebody who just pursues luxury, you can say “make a God of one’s belly”.The bible is the most important and unique classical work, so many idioms come from the Bible.“The Salt of the Earth” comes from the Bible. According to the Matth ew, Jesus said to his followers that “Y ou are the salt of the earth: but if the salt lost his savor,where shall it be salted?” Jesus compared his followers to “the Salt of the Earth”, which is the highest praise. The words are often used to describe the excellent people.“Gast pearls before swine”, which comes from the Bible “Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you.” (Feng Qinghua, 231)3.2 Restrictions on the Use of English Idioms in Daily LifeEnglish idioms are so commonly used in people’s daily lives, which do not mean that you can use any idioms on any occasions at will. In this part, I generally discuss some restrictions in the use of phrasal verbs, whether they can be used in passive tense or active tense, on formal or informal occasions, in present participles.3.2.1 Idioms Used in Passive or Active VoiceSome idioms can only be used in passive tense, while some can only used in active tense.“Hitch one’s wagon to a star”(be ambitious), is often used in active tense. (Jin Di and Eugene A. Nida)“Pay the penalty”(suffer from punishment), is only used in active tense.I only gave several examples, and there are some others. We should be very careful when we use these phrasal verbs in daily life.Passive voice, for example, “Rome is not built in a day.” “be kept inside a drum”.3.2.2 Idioms Used on Formal and Informal OccasionsSome idioms, as informal idioms, can be used habitually in spoken English, but some are used in formal written styles.“Make a beeline for” (run straight towards), is used as informal expression.“Flunk out” (fail), is used as informal expression.3.3.3 Idioms Not Used in Present Participles“Swallow up” (make somebody disappear), is rarely used in present participle.“Look good” (seem suitable), is not used in present participle.“Grab at a straw”(catch a straw that can save one’s life)。
习语在英语教学中的作用
习语在英语教学中的作用湖口二中王先斌习语包括单词、短语、短句和谚语等固定表达形式。
它有两个特征，一是语义的统一性，二是结构的固定性。
英语习语言简意赅，表达方式简洁干练，语言生动活泼。
如：chicken 胆怯的,the dead of night 深更半夜,be in the blues 闷闷不乐等。
在教学中适当向学生介绍些习语，不但不会增加学生的负担，反而会激发学生的兴趣，有效地促进教学，提高教学质量。
一、学习语激发学生兴趣1.背单词历来是让学生头疼的事，它枯燥又消耗时间，遗忘频率还特别高。
如果把背单词和习语结合起来，则会生动有趣轻松得多，还可以丰富学生的生活。
如下面几个例子的实际含义与字面意义大相径庭，其意义完全出乎学生意料，一旦他们知道这些习语的真正含义，就会在他们脑中留下很深的印象，单词的背诵自然不在话下。
如：（1）Let the cat outof the bag 露马脚、泄露秘密。
It’s between ourselves. Don’t letthe cat out of the bag. (2) face the music 犯了错误而“勇于接受批评、惩罚”。
Since you are wrong,you should face the music. (3)hot air 谎言、大话。
What he said is hot air. (4) rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨。
Oh,what heavy rain! It’s raining cats and dogs. （5）miss the bus 错失良机。
Be brave, please. Don’t miss the bus.2.有的习语朗朗上口，具有浓厚的修辞色彩，用于造句写作中会使之增色不少。
如：（1）hit or miss adv. 无论成功与否。
They’ll make theexperiment hit or miss.（2）out and out adv. 十足地、彻头彻尾地。
第4节高考英语作文中的习语使用
It was just one disaster after another today, a sort of domino effect. [when something, usually bad, happens and causes a series of other things to happen.]
• 评分时应注意的主要内容为： a.内容要点； b.应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性； c.上下文的连贯性
高考英语作文评分标准
应用文写作
第五档(很好)：(21-25分) 完全完成了试题规定的任务 （1）覆盖所有内容要点； （2）应用了较多的语法结构和词汇； （3）语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所 致;具备较强的语言运用能力； （4）有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑完全达到了预期的写作目 的。
04
Application
习语中的委婉语
用于谈论那些可能会引起冒犯或让人感到不愉快的话题。比如死亡。
It was obvious he was not long for this world[going to die], but he never lost
his sense of humor.
研究思路
理论介绍
习语
习语的定义
习语是一种程式化语言。程式化语言是固定的表达，需要作为一个整体而不是 一些孤立的词来学习和理解。 习语是一些词的固定组合，其含义往往并非单个单词意思的简单相加。 例如： I put my foot in it the other day at Linda’s house- I asked her if she was going to marry Simon. 由于无意中说错话而令某人尴尬或不高兴。
英语中常见的习语和俚语有哪些
英语中常见的习语和俚语有哪些？英语中有许多常见的习语（idioms）和俚语（slang），它们是英语语言中的一部分。
掌握这些常用的习语和俚语可以帮助你更好地理解和使用英语，并提高与英语母语人士的交流能力。
以下是一些常见的英语习语和俚语示例：1. beat around the bush（绕弯子）：这个习语表示不直接表达自己的意见或想法，而是迂回地表达。
2. bite the bullet（咬紧牙关）：这个习语表示面对困难或不愉快的情况，勇敢地承受它们。
3. break a leg（祝你好运）：这个习语通常用于祝福演员或表演者在演出中好运。
4. butter someone up（谄媚）：这个习语表示通过过度恭维或讨好某人来获取好处或利益。
5. hit the sack（睡觉）：这个俚语表示去睡觉。
6. keep your chin up（挺住）：这个习语表示鼓励某人保持乐观，不放弃希望。
7. let the cat out of the bag（泄漏秘密）：这个习语表示不小心泄露了秘密或机密。
8. pull someone's leg（开玩笑）：这个习语表示开玩笑或戏弄某人。
9. see eye to eye（意见一致）：这个习语表示两人意见相同或达成共识。
10. take the bull by the horns（果断解决问题）：这个习语表示果断地解决问题或面对挑战。
11. on the same page（想法一致）：这个俚语表示两人或多人的想法一致或在同一个层面上。
12. piece of cake（易如反掌）：这个俚语表示某事非常容易完成或做到。
13. spill the beans（泄露秘密）：这个习语表示不小心泄露了秘密或机密。
14. under the weather（身体不适）：这个俚语表示身体不舒服或生病。
15. up in the air（未确定）：这个习语表示某事情未确定或未决定。
英语习语学习：掌握常用的英语习语
英语习语学习：掌握常用的英语习语英语作为一门全球通用的语言，在日常交流中不仅仅是词汇和语法，也包括了许多习语或俗语（Idioms）。
习语是一个国家或地区特有的短语，它的意义通常不能从字面上去理解，而需要通过记忆和习惯来掌握。
掌握常用的英语习语不仅可以提高英语语言表达的水平，还能够更好地融入英语母语国家的语言环境中。
在学习和掌握英语习语的过程中，最重要的一点是要理解习语的意思及用法。
很多习语并不能直接从字面上去解释，比如“kick the bucket”并不是指真的踢水桶，而是表示“去世”；“piece of cake”不是指一块蛋糕，而是表示“容易的事情”。
只有了解习语背后的意义，才能正确运用习语，避免出现误解。
除了理解英语习语的意思，掌握常用的英语习语还需要大量的练习和记忆。
可以通过阅读英语文章、观看英语电影和电视剧，积累常用习语的用法和情景。
此外，也可以利用各种英语学习工具和应用，如Flashcard软件或习语学习应用，帮助记忆和掌握习语。
积累常用的英语习语对于提高英语口语表达和语言交流能力至关重要。
习语是英语母语国家人们日常交流中的常见表达方式，熟练掌握常用习语可以使交流更加流畅自然。
同时，使用习语也可以让英语表达更具有文化氛围，展现自己的语言功底和交流能力。
总之，学习和掌握常用的英语习语是提高英语语言能力的重要环节。
只有通过理解习语的意义，大量练习和积累常用习语，并在实际交流中灵活运用，才能真正掌握英语习语，提高英语口语表达能力，更好地融入英语语言环境中。
希望通过不懈的努力和练习，大家都能够熟练地运用常用的英语习语，提高自己的语言能力。
谈英语习语在英语教学中的妙用
【 关键词】 英语 习语 ； 英语教学； 用 妙
Ｏｎ ｔ ａ ｉ ａ ｆｅ ｔｏ ｈｅ Ｍ ｇ ｃ ｌ Ｅｆ ｃ ｆＥｎｇ ｉｈ Ｉ ｉ ｍ ｓ ｉ ｇ ｉ ｈ Ｔｅ ｃ ｉ ｌｓ ｄ ｏ ｎ Ｅｎ ｌｓ ａ ｈ ｎｇ
ＸＩ ＡＯ ａ ｙ ｅ Ｘｉ ｏ ｕ
ｌｎ ｕ ｇ ｅ ｅ ｏ ｍｅ ｔ ｕ ｌ ｏ ａ ｍｐ ｒａ ｔ ｐ ｒ ｎ ｔ ｅ ｅ ｅ ｏ ｍｅ ｔ ｏ ｇ ｉｈ ｕ ｔ ｅ ａ ｇ ａ ｅ ｄ ｖ ｌ ｐ ｎ ，ｂ ｔ ａ ｓ ｎ ｉ ｏ ｔ ｎ ａ ｔ ｉ ｈ ｄ ｖ ｌｐ ｎ ｆ Ｅｎ ｌｓ ｃ ｌ ｕｒ ．Ｗ ｅ ａ ｓ ｏ ｉ ｉｍｓ ｉ ｕ ｌｓ ｏ ｍｏ ｉ ａｅ ｏ ｒ ｃ ｎ ｕ ｅ ｓ ｍｅ ｄ ｏ ｎ ｏ ｒ ｃ ａ ｓ ｔ ｔ ｔ ｕ ｖ ｓｕ ｅ ｔ ’ｉ ｔ ｒ ｓｓ ｉ ｅ ｒ ｉ ｇ ａ ｄ ｉ ｒ ｖ ｈ ｆ ｃ ｆ ｓｕｄ ｉ ｇ ｒ ｉ ｅ ｓ ｙ ｗｉ ｘ ｌ ｉ ｈ ｇｃ ｌ ｅ ｆｃ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｉ ｉｍｓ ｉ ｈ ｎ ｔ ｓ ｒ ｍｍａ ， ｔ ｄ ｎ ｓ ｎ ｅ ｅ ｔ ｎ ｌ ａ ｎ ｎ ｎ ｍｐ ｏ ｅ ｔ ｅ ｅｆ ｔ ｏ ｔ ｙ ｎ ． ｈ ｓ ｓ ａ ｌ ｅ ｐ ａ ｎ ｔ ｅ ｍａ ｉ ａ ｆ ｔ ｏ ｈ ｄ ｏ ｎ ｐ ｏ ｅ ｉ ，ｇ ａ ｅ ｌ ｅ ｃ ｒ
语 言 是 人 们用 来 交 流 情 感 ． 达 思 想 的 工 具 。 在 语 言 发 展 和 演 变 表 主语 从 句 ： ａ ｍｕｔ ｅｍｕｔ ｅ Ｗｈｔ ｓｂ ｓ ｂ ． 该 怎样 就 怎 样 。
宾 语 从 句 ＆ 原 因 状 语 从 句 ： ｎ ｔｓｙｔａ ｏ ａｅｓ ｒ ｄｔ Ｄｏ ’ ａ ｈ ｔｙｕ ｈｖ ｔ ｔ ｏ ａｅ ｏ ａｌ，ｏ ｎ ｅ ｐｅ ａｅａ ｅ ｄ ｎ ｔｅｗａ ． ｌ 缩 出 了一 批 含 义 深 刻 ， 式 简 洁 ． 思 精 辟 的定 型 词 组 和 短 句— — 习 ｅｒｙ ｆｒｍａ ｙｐ ｏ ｌ ｒ ｒ ａ ｙｏ ｈ ｙ 形 意 莫道君行早 ， 有早行人。 更 语 ， 如 ：ｖｒ ｏ ａ ｉ ｄｙ（ 人 都 有 得 意 时 。 ）Ａｌｈｔｇｔ ｒ 例 Ｅ ｅ ｄ ｇｈｓｈｓ ａ． ｙ 人 ； ｌｔａ ｌｔ ｓｉ ｉｅ ｓ 表 语 从 句 ： ｈｌｒｎａｅｗ ａ ｔｅｍ ｔｅｓａｅ Ｃ ｉ ｅ ｒ ｈ ｔｈ ｏｈｒ ｒ． ｄ ｎｔｇｌ．闪 烁 者 未 必 是 金 。 ） ｅｉｇ ｉ ｂｌ ｖｎ． 眼 见 为 实 。 ） ｏ ｏ （ ｄ ； ｅｎ ｓ ｅ ｅｉｇ（ Ｓ ｉ ；
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英语习语的分类和使用分类：一相当于名词。
例如white elephant:something useless and unwanted but big and costly累赘brain trust:a group of people with special knowledge who answer questions or give advice)智囊团flesh and blood:relative or family骨肉亲情an apple of discord:cause of disagreement or argument,etc不和的种子，祸根Jack of all trades:a person who can do many different kinds of work but may not good at any of them门门懂，样样瘟；行行皆通,样样稀松fly in the ointment:something that spoils the perfection of something.美中不足二相当于形容词cut and dried:already settled and unlikely to be changedas poor as a church mouse:having,or earning,barely enough money for one's needswide of the mark:not at all suitable,correct,etcbeyond the pale:beyond the limit of proper behaviourup in the air:uncertain.三相当于动词look into:investigatego on:continueput off:discourage...from;cause...to dislike,etc.delay;make excuses in order to avoid a dutyturn on:switch onget away with:do something wrong without being punishedput down to:state that something is caused or explained bymake it:arrive in time;succeed in doingfollow one's nose:go straight ahead,go in the same directionfall flat:fail completely in its intended or expected effectgive sb the bag:fire or dismiss somebodysing a different tune:change one's opinion or attitudecall it a day:decide or agree to stop either temporarily or for goodchop and change:fluctuate or vary constantly;keep changing one's opinion swim against the stream:do the opposite of what most people want to do come back to earth:stop imagining or dreamingmake ends meet:earn what it costs to livekeep the pot boiling:earn enough to maintain an adequate standard of living; keep a situation active,amusing etc.let the dog see the rabbit:do not get in the way of another who wishes to see or do sth.bite the hand that feeds one:repay kindness with wrong;turn against a helper or supporter四相当于副词tooth and nail:with great violence and determinationin nothing flat:in a very little time;soonthrough thick and thin:through all difficulties and troubles五相当于句子（谚语，口头禅等）A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.All is not gold that glitters.Kill the goose that laid the golden egg.使用：一习语的文体特征：习语十之八九是非正式的口头语，俚语，因此，不适合用于正式文体中。
偶尔，在正式文体中能见到及其正式的习语和老掉牙的说法。
1.口头语hang in:not to give upHang in there,old buddy;the worst is yet to come.big wheel:an influential or important personUncle Ferdinand is a big wheel inWashington,maybe he can help you with your problem.make waves:create a disturbance,a sensationJoe is the wrong man for the job;he's always trying to make waves.can of worms:a complex problem or complicated situationLet's not get into big city politics-that's a different can of worms.2.俚语cancer stick:cigaretteThrow away that cancer stick!Smoking is bad for you.hit the sack:go to bedI'm sleepy;let's hit the sack.dish the dirt:gossip or spread rumours about othersStop dishing the dirt,Sally,it's really unbecoming!feel no pain:be drunkAfter a few drinks,the man felt no pain and began to act foolishly.in the soup:in serious trouble;in confusionWhen his wife overdrew their bank account without telling him,Mr Cook suddenly found himself really in the soup.3.文学表达come to pass:take place;happenStrange things come to pass in troubled times.be it that:even thoughAnd be it that indeed that I have erred,mine error remaineth with myself.in the wake of:right after;followingFamine followed in the wake of war.give the lie to:call somebody a liarThe police gave the lie to the man who said that he had been at home during the robbery.of note:notable;well-knownSahgal is a novelist of note in India.cross swords:have an argument with;fightThat was where I crossed swords with Wilfit in the discussion of financing the new project.二习语的修辞特征1.语音的使用a.头韵：chop and change:fluctuate or vary constantly;keep changing one's opinion might and main:all one's power and strengthrough and ready:acceptable,but not very goodpart and parcel:most important and essential parttoss and turn:keep turning from side to sidebag and baggage:with all one's belongingssum and substance:the gist of somethingneither fish,flesh or fowl:difficult to classifyb.尾韵kith and kin:relativetoil and moil:work hard and longby hook and by crook:by all means good and foulfair and square:just,honest;without deceitA little pot is soon hot.A friend in need is a friend indeed.There's many a slip between the cup and the lip.杯到嘴边还会失手（指万事难以十拿九稳，事情往往功败垂成）2.词汇的使用a.同义词复用scream and shout;cut and carve,pick and choose,hustle and bustle,rough and tough,odds and ends,bits and pieces,push and shove,ways and means,by leaps and boundsb.重复by and by,out and out,such and such,neck and neck,lots and lots,round and round,day by day,all in all,face to face,shoulder to shoulder,hand in hand,word for word,form time to time,year in year out.c.反义词复用here and there,up and down,hit or miss,rain or shine,weal and woe,first and last,high and low,back and forth,right and left,sooner or later,play fast and loose,move heaven and earth,from head to foot,from start to finish3.修辞手法的使用a.明喻as mute as a fish;as dead as a doornail,as graceful as a swan,like a rat in a hole,eat like a horse,sleep like a log,Time flies like an arrow,spend money like water.b.暗喻black sheep a dark horsesnake in the grass the salt of the eartha wet blanketc.转喻in the cradle live by one's penfrom cradle to grave make up a pursed.借代earn one's bread fall into good handstwo heads are better than onee.拟人Failure is the mother of success.Action speaks louder than words. The pot calls the kettle black.Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters.f.委婉语the call of nature powder one's nosekick the bucket a big cheesea world of trouble a flood of tears。