2012年出版自考《英语二》教材

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2012版自考英语二-课本翻译

第1课Text A批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。

批判性阅读是积极阅读。

它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。

成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

考虑写作背景。

你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。

无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。

质疑作者的论点。

不要轻信作品的表面意思。

在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。

找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。

另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。

与同主题文章进行比较。

查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。

如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。

分析作者提出的假设。

假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。

很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。

一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。

鉴别文章出处。

鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。

例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。

此外还要确保出处具有相关性。

如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。

最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。

例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。

甄别作者可能带有的偏见。

有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。

作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。

阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。

也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。

成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。

第1课Text B自信的语言语言能影响我们的大脑。

2012年最新出版自考英语（二）讲义Unit7InnerVoice

2012年最新出版自考英语（二）讲义Unit7InnerVoice2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 7）Unit 7 In ner Voic eI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. i nner a dj. 内心的；隐藏的2. pr ec is e l y ad v. 准确地；恰好地pr ec is epr ec is i on联想：ac c ur ate, ac c ur ac y比较：s im pl y, p os s ibl y, s ubt l y, tr u l y / def ini tel y, r ar el y, f or tun a tel y, lik el y / l uc k il y, h ea vi l y3. bom bar d v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息，4. dr ea de d adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的5. s m all talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天6. hes itat ion n. 犹豫hes it atehes it anthes it anc y / h es itat i on7. wo nder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨 n. 奇迹won der wh-…do /wor k wo nder s / m ir ac les8. pr om pt v. 促使；导致；激起9. c om plete a dj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的10. u ps et a dj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的11. r o ll v. （使）翻滚，滚动12. d es pit e pr e p. 即使；尽管des p ite / in s pit e of that f ac t th at …13. f eeb le adj. 无效的；无力的14. a ttem pt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试attem pted15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉16. pr of us e l y ad v. 大量地；连连地17. a ddr es s v.写（收信人）姓名地址；致函18. r ec ep ti onis t n. 接待员19. a ttac h v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上）attac h … t o…attac h ed 依恋的；附加的；附属的attac hm ent 依恋；附件20. em otio n n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪em otiona lem otionl es s21. c on tai n v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情）22. a ppar ent l y ad v. 据…所知；看来；显然23. o ver w he lm ing adj.巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的ov er whe lm ing pr ob l em san ov er whe lm ed pe r s on联想：s ur pr is ed / s u r pr is ingex c ited / ex c it ingam aze d / am azingdis a ppo int ed / dis a ppo int ingf r ighten ed / f r ig hti n g注意：ex c ited e yes / ex pr es s ions / lo ok s24. s c r eam v. 高声喊，大声叫Phr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. be los t in one's t ho ught 陷入沉思2. br eak do w n 失败3. c om e up wit h 找到（答案等）；想出4. dr op…of f（顺路）把…放下5. tak e one's o w n lif e自杀6. i n des p er at ion 在绝望中；走投无路7. c ar e a bout s b. 关心；关怀8. tak e a c ha nc e 冒险9. m ak e a dif f er enc e 有作用；产生影响II. T ex t Lear n ingYour I nner Vo ic e① (1)M y da y s tar t ed j us t lik e al l t he o ther da ys f or the pas t 15 year s wher e I get up, m ak e s om e c off ee, s ho wer, get dr es s ed a nd lea v e f or the tr a in s ta tio n at pr ec is el y 7:35 A.M. to a r r ive at wor k b y 8:30. W hile on th e tr a in I w ou ld al wa ys c ho os e a s e at a wa y f r o m the c r ow d s o I c an r ead th e n e ws pa per i n pe ac e an d q ui et. (2)At wor k I am alwa ys bei ng bom bar ded wi th q ues t ions f r om c owor k er s, s uppl ier s, te le pho ne and then thos e dr ea ded m eeti ngs, s o t he las t t h ing I ne ed is s om e s tranger to s it bes id e m e and m ak e sm al l ta lk.本部分重点及难点：1. M y d a y s t ar ted j us t lik e al l th e ot her d a ys f or the pas t 15 ye ar swher e I get up, m ak e s om e c off ee, s ho wer, get dr es s ed a nd lea v e f or the tr a in s ta tio n at pr ec is el y 7:35 A.M. to a r r ive at wor k b y 8:30.(1)wher e引导定语从句，先行词为da ys。

2012版英语二自考教材的答案【可修改文字】

可编辑修改精选全文完整版2012版英语二自考教材的答案1、I _______ Zhang Hua in the bookstore last Sunday. [单选题] *A. meetB. meetingC. meetedD. met(正确答案)2、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect3、Ordinary books, _________ correctly, can give you much knowledge. [单选题] *A. used(正确答案)B. to useC. usingD. use4、You’d ______ give up smoking. [单选题] *A. goodB. wellC. better(正确答案)D. best5、He runs so fast that no one can _______ him. [单选题] *A. keep upB. keep awayC. keep up with(正确答案)D. keep on6、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)7、40．—________ apples do we need to make fruit salad?—Let me think…We need three apples. [单选题] *A．How longB．How oftenC．How muchD．How many(正确答案)8、——Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? ——Im afraid（）of them is possible. [单选题] *A.neither(正确答案)B. eitherC. noneD.both9、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one10、Mrs. Green has given us some _______ on how to study English well. [单选题] *A. practiceB. newsC. messagesD. suggestions(正确答案)11、Finally he had to break his promise. [单选题] *A. 计划B. 花瓶C. 习惯D. 诺言(正确答案)12、I used to take ____ long way to take the bus that went by ____ tunnel under the water. [单选题] *A. a, aB. a. theC. a, /(正确答案)D. the, a13、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. （）[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or14、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)15、86．—? ? ? ? ? ? ?will it take me to get to the Golden Street?—About half an hour. [单选题]* A．How farB．How long(正确答案)C．How oftenD．How much16、56．Sam is in a hurry. Maybe he has got ________ important to do. [单选题] * A．everythingB．nothingC．anythingD．something(正确答案)17、51．People usually ________ the prices before they buy something. [单选题] *A．receiveB．payC．spendD．compare(正确答案)18、He held his（）when the results were read out. [单选题] *A. breath(正确答案)B. voiceC. soundD. thought19、Which is _______ city, Shanghai, Beijing or Chengdu? [单选题] *A. largeB. largerC. largestD. the largest(正确答案)20、We should _______ a hotel before we travel. [单选题] *A. book(正确答案)B. liveC. stayD. have21、There are many_____desks in the room. [单选题] *rge old brown(正确答案)B.old large brownrge brown oldD.brown old large22、It is my _______ to meet you here. [单选题] *A. pleasure(正确答案)B. pleaseC. pleasedD. pleasant23、74．No person （）carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college Entrance Examinations．[单选题] *A.shall(正确答案)B.mustC.canD.need24、There _______ some milk in the glass. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. haveD. has25、15．This kind of bread is terrible. I do not want to eat it ________. [单选题] * A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer26、( )Keep quiet, please. It’s ________ noisy here. [单选题] *A. many tooB. too manyC. too muchD. much too(正确答案)27、_______ travelers come to visit our city every year. [单选题] *A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds of(正确答案)C. Five HundredsD. Five hundred?of28、50．—The sweater is not the right ________ for me.—Well, shall I get you a bigger one or a smaller one? [单选题] *A．priceB．colorC．size(正确答案)D．material(材料)29、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies30、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after。

2012版自考英语二课文中英文对照

第1课Text AText A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。

批判性阅读是积极阅读。

它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。

成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。

2012版自考英语二课文中英文对照

批判性阅读是积极阅读。

它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。

成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

2012版英语二自学教程课文

ContentsUnit 1 The Power of Language (2)Text A Critical Reading (2)Text B The Language of Confidence (3)Unit 2 Mistakes to Success (4)Text A Split Milk (4)Text B The Cake (5)Unit 3 Friendship and Loyalty (6)Text A Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty (6)Text B A Tribute to the Dog (7)Unit 4 The Joy of Work (8)Text A Works Is a Blessing (8)Text B How to Start Your Own Business (9)Unit 5 Keep your Dreams Alive (10)Text A Life Is Difficult (10)Text B Begin Again (11)Unit 6 The Value of Money (12)Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely (13)Text B The Importance of Money in Life (13)Unit 7 Inner Voice (15)Text A Your Inner Voice (15)Text B Make a Good First Impression (16)Unit 8 The Great Minds (17)Text A Life without Limits (17)Text B An Unwanted Baby, Steve Jobs (18)Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges (20)Text A: 300 Hurdles (20)Text B A Violin with Three Strings (21)Unit 10 Ode to Public Transportation (22)Text A: The Importance of Public Transportation (22)Text B: Personal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation (24)Unit 11 Cyber World (25)Text A Cyber Love (25)Text B The Impact of the Internet on Society (27)Unit 12 A Break from Life (28)Text A Feeling Free (28)Text B Self-esteem and Body Image (29)Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA Famous QuoteLanguage is the dress of thought.------Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson (1709-1784), British man of letters, one of the most outstanding figures of the 18th century in England. He made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary cr itic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson has been described as “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history.”Text A Critical ReadingPre-reading Questions1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written sometime ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.Question assertions made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, by certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with that others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Analyze assumptions made by the author.Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, by certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt.”By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.Text B The Language of ConfidencePre-reading Questions1. Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident?2. Do you believe that langu age can influence people’s thought? Give some example.The language we use programs our brain. Mastering our language give us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it--- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.“Try”It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do say “I’ll try to be more confident” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”?Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “I’ll try to …” and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do …” and see how you feel.The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try to notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.“Can’t”This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose …” or “I choose not to …”Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make youfeel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!Unit 2 Mistakes to SuccessA Famous QuoteSuccess is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.---- Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill（1874-1965）, British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice. He is the only British Prime Minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature.Text A Split MilkPre-reading Questions:1. Did you make any mistakes on your way to success? Give some example.2. Do you believe that making mistakes is a necessary ingredient for success? Explain.Have heard of the story about spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor – a veritable sea of milk!When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, “Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, “You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?” He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.” The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn’t ne ed to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesn’t work”, we usually learn something valuab le from it.Wouldn’t it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert’s mother responded to him?Text B The CakePre-reading Questions:1. Have you ever been wrongly blamed by your parents? How did you feel at that moment?2. What suggestions would you g ive to the parents who are blinded to their children’s merits?Cindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.“They should be home any time now,” she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake she was frosting. It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn’t exactly and aesthetic triumph. The cake was … well, lumpy. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something, which, of course, she had.And then there was the way the kitchen looked. Imagine the huge blender fill with all the fixings for chocolate cake --- including the requisite bowls, pans and utensils. Now imagine that the blender is turned on, high speed, with the lid off. Do you get the idea?But Cindy wasn’t thinking about the mess. She has created something, a veritable phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present he anniversary gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She flipped on the lights dramatically and trumpeted: “Ta-daaa!!” She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.But her mother’s eye never mad it all the way to the table. “Just look at this mess!” she moaned. “How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?”“But Mom, I was only …”“I should make you clean this up right now, but I’m too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right,”her mother said. “So you’ll do it first thing in the morning.”“Honey,” Cindy’s father interjected gently, “take a look at the table.”“I know- it’s a mess,” his wife said coldly. “The whole kitchen is a disaster. I can’t stand to look at it.” She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. “She never saw the cake,” she said.Unfortunately, Cindy’s mother isn’t the only parent who suffers from Situational Timbercular Glaucoma – the occasional inability to see the forest for the trees. From time to time we all allow ourselves to be blinded to issues of long-term significance by stuff that seems awfully important right now, but isn’t.Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are troublesome, and they deserve their place a mong life’s frustrations. But what’s a little mud –even on new carpet –compared to a child’s self-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster/s emerging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?I’m not saying that our children don’t need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequence of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must n ever forget that we’re not just teaching lessons –we’re teaching children. That means there are times when really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only need to see the cake.Unit 3 Friendship and LoyaltyA Famous QuoteBetraying a trust is a very quick and painful way to terminate a friendship.- Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882), American essayist, lecture and poet, who led the Transcendentalist Movement of the mid-19th century.Text A Reflections: Friendship and LoyaltyPre-reading Questions1. Do you believe that loyal friends are available on the Internet?2. What personal qualities matter most in your choice of friends? And why?How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend.The current trend on the Internet is befriending anyone who requests to be your friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters. It may be popular and trendy to have a network fill with a multitude of mutual friends. However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means best friend forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might ask yourself this question, “Will they share my private matters with others?” If the answer to that is, “I don’t know”, more than likely, they will not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day.I choose to have a B.L.F., a best loyal friend, for those of you who may be challenged by the use of acronyms during this age of technology and fast-talking.Loyalty found in a friend is akin to making a deposit in a bank account. More often than not, yourdeposits gain interest, and interest in your well-being and welfare. A loyal friend attracts another loyal friend. In essence, water does seek its own level.If you were a B.L.F way before Facebook gained notoriety, then I’m sure you understand the premise of loyalty in a friend. You should never exploit your B.L.F. to gain more friends or make yourself seem more important to others. These are not the traits of a best loyal friend.A best loyal friend does not care who is invited to your party. They will attend your party and celebrate you, just in the way a best loyal friend should do.Reconnecting with a best loyal friend is easier to do on the pages of Facebook. However, a virtual friend does not assure you of his loyalty. My caution to you is that you’d better pay attention to the smiling faces on the Facebook pages. In the eighties we were warned of smiling faces in a song, which contained these lyrics, “A smile is just a frown turned upside down, my friend.” Now, that is the undisputed truth for my generation.Text B A Tribute to the DogPre-reading questions:1. Why do many people choose to keep dogs as pets instead of other animals?2. Why do you think a growing number of Chinese, especially the elderly, prefer to keep pets?The best friend a man has in this world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son of daughter whom he has reared with loving care may prove ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name, may become traitors to their faith.The money that a man has he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it most.A man’s reputation may be sacrificed in a moment of ill-considered action. The people who are prone to fall on their knees to do us honor when success is with us may be the first to throw the stone of malice when failure settles its cloud upon our heads. The one absolute, unselfish friend a man may have in this selfish world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog.A man’s dog stands by him in prosperity and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground when the wintry winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, if only he can be near his master’s side. He will kiss the hand that has no food to offer. He will lick the sores and wounds that come in the encounter with the roughness of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if the were a prince.When all other friends desert, he remains. When riches take wings and reputation falls to pieces, he is as constant in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens. If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege than that of accompanying him to guard him against danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last scene of all comes and death takes its master in its embrace and the body is laid away the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there, by his graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad but open in alert watchfulness faithful and true even to death.Unit 4 The Joy of WorkA Famous Quote:Labour is often the father of pleasure.- Francios – Marie Arouet (Voltaire)Francios – Marie Arouet (Voltaire)(1694-1778), French poet, dramatist, historian, and philosopher. He was and outspoken and aggressive enemy of every injustice, especially of religious intolerance. His works are an outstanding embodiment of the principles of the French Enlightenment.Text A Works Is a BlessingPre-reading Questions1. Do you often help your parents with the household chores? What do you usually do to help them?2. Have you had any experience of doing part-time jobs to help support yourself and your family? What didyou think about it?I grew up in Lakeland, LA, one of 12 children. We all lived on my parents’ subsistence farm. We grew cotton, sugar cane, corn, hog s, and chickens and had a large garden, but it didn’t bring in much cash. So when I was 12, I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road, helping to milk cows. We milked 65 cows at 5 in the morning and again at 2 in the afternoon, seven days a week.In the kitchen on Saturday before daylight, I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows. My father said, “Ya know, boy, to work is a blessing.”I looked at those two men who had worked harder than I ever had – my father eking out a living on that farm and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression. I had a feeling I had been told something really important, but it took many years before it sank in.Going to college was a rare privilege for a kid from Lakeland. My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing, I’d always look forward to my work. But he also added, “Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.” I wanted to be a farmer, but I joined the ROTC program to help pay for college. And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years, three months and three days.In the late 1980s, during a visit to Bangladesh, I saw a woman with a baby on her back, breaking bricks with a hammer. I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they weren’t using a machine, which would have been a lot easier. He told me a machine would put that lady out of work. Breaking those bricks meant she could earn enough money to feed herself and her baby that day. And as bad as that woman’s job was, it was enough to keep a small family alive. It remained me of my father’s words: To work is a blessing.Serving in the U.S. Army overseas, I saw a lot of people like that woman in Bangladesh. And I have come to believe that people without jobs are not free. They are victims of crime, the ideology of terrorism, poor health, depression and social unrest. These victims become the illegal immigrants, the slaves of human trafficking, the drug dealers, and street gang members. I have seen it over and over again on the U.S. border, in Somalia, the Congo, Afghanistan and in New Orleans. People whohave jobs can have a home, send their kids to school, develop a sense of pride, contribute to the good of the community, and even help other. When we can work, we are free. We are blessed.I don’t think I will ever quit working. I’m retired from the Army, but I’m still working to help people be prepared for disaster. And I may get to do a lit tle farming someday, too. I’m not going to stop. I believe in my father’s words. I believe in the blessing of work.Text B How to Start Your Own BusinessPre-reading Questions:1. Do you hope to start your own business? What would you like to do?2. What do you know about the necessary conditions for starting a business?The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and rewards, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail, and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility. The tragic reality is that when business fail, the passion often dies with it. By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I have recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? To have more time? To make more money? To be your own boss? To have creative control over what you love to do? Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them. When you see them listed, you might see a pattern in that you’re just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn’t the answer.2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies, and your daily routine. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.3. Identify your market.If you are starting your business locally, research your competitor. Determine if there is room in the market for your business. What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are the other businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research the requirements for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survive without customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if there enough potential clients to keep your business alive.4. Identify your finance. If you have ever purchased a new home, you know that the financial obligations extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door openers, light fixtures and landscaping equipment, and before you know it, you’re far exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in a business. Do exhaustive financial planning. Meet with a financial advisor or someone at you bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and get advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.5. Identify your support system. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners, even thosein your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business owner in your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counsel before big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.Once you have all of these elements in place, you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing a marketing presence, etc. Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.Unit 5 Keep your Dreams AliveA Famous QuoteYou are never too old to set another goal to dream a new dream.-- C. S. LewisClive Staples Lewis (1898-1963), Irish-born British scholar, writer and lay theologian. He was an established literary figure whose impact is increasingly recognized by scholars and teachers.Text A Life Is DifficultPre-reading Questions:1. Do you believe that life is difficult? What are some of the difficulties that you have encountered in your life?2. What suggestions did you get from your parents or friends when you met with difficulties in your life?Life is difficult.This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth we transcend it. Once we truly know that life is difficult – once we truly understand and accept it – then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, that fact that life is difficult no longer matters.Most people do not fully see this truth that life is difficult.Instead they moan more or less incessantly, noisily or subtly, about the enormity of their problems, their burdens, and their difficulties as if life were generally easy, as if life should be easy. They voice their belief, noisily or subtly, that their difficulties represent a unique kind of affliction that should not be and that has somehow been especially visited upon them, or else upon their families, their tribe, their class, their nation, their race, or even their species, and not upon others. I know about this moaning because I have done my share.Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life’s problems. Without discipline we can。

自考《英语二》2012年出版最新讲义第七章

Unit 7 Inner VoiceYour mind knows only some things. Your inner voice, your instinct, knows everything.——Henry Franklin Winkler 你的头脑只了解一些事情，你的心声、你的直觉却洞悉一切。

——亨利·富兰克林·温克勒Text A Your Inner VoiceNew Wordsinner adj. （of feelings, etc.）private and secret; not expressed or shown to other people 内心的；隐藏的precisely adv. exactly 准确地；恰好地bombard v. to do something too often or too much, for example criticizing or questioning someone, or giving too much information 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息dreaded adj. causing fear 令人害怕的；可怕的small talk polite conversation about ordinary or unimportant subjects, especially at social occasions 寒暄；闲谈；聊天hesitation n. the act of pausing uncertainly 犹豫wonder v. to think about something and try to decide what is true, what will happen, what you should do, etc. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨prompt v. to make somebody decide to do something；to cause something to happen 促使；导致；激起complete adj. used when you are emphasizing something, to mean "to the greatest degree possible" （用以强调）完全的，彻底的upset adj. unhappy or disappointed because of something unpleasant that has happened 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的roll v. to turn over and over and move in a particular direction; to make a round object do this （使）翻滚，滚动despite prep. used to show that something happened or is true although something else might have happened to prevent it 即使；尽管feeble adj. not effective; not showing determination or energy 无效的；无力的attempt n. an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no success 企图；试图；尝试wipe v. to remove dirt, liquid, etc. from something by using a cloth, your hand, etc. （用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉profusely adv. in an abundant manner 大量地；连连地address v. to write on an envelope, etc. the name and address of the person, company, etc. that you are sending it to by mail 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函receptionist n. a person whose job is to deal with people arriving at or telephoning a hotel, an office building, a doctor's surgery, etc. 接待员attach v. to fasten or join one thing to another 把…固定，把…附（在…上）emotion n. a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person's character that consists of feelings 强烈的感情；情感；情绪contain v. to keep your feelings under control 控制，克制，抑制（感情）apparently adv. according to what you have heard or read; according to the way something appears 据…所知；看来；显然overwhelming adj. very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react 巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的scream v. to shout something in a loud, high voice because of fear, anger, etc. 高声喊，大声叫Phrases and Expressionsbe lost in one's thought to be concentrating so much on one's thoughts that one is not aware of one's surroundings 陷入沉思break down to fail 失败come up with to find or produce an answer, etc. 找到（答案等）drop…off to deliver something on the way to somewhere else （顺路）把…放下take one's own life to kill oneself 自杀in desperation in the state of despair 在绝望中；走投无路care about sb. to like or love somebody and worry about what happens to them 关心；关怀take a chance to decide to do something，knowing that it might be the wrong choice 冒险make a difference to have an effect on somebody/something 有作用；产生影响重点词汇inner adj. （of feelings，etc.）private and secret；not expressed or shown to other people 内心的；隐藏的eg: Taichi gives me a sense of inner calm. 太极可以让我获得内心平静。

自考英语二 2012年版 00015 UNIT 1 B The Language of Confidence

The Language of Confidence语言的信心The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.语言的使用开发了我们的智力，控制我们的语言很大程度的控制了我们的人生和命运。

为了提高我们的生活质量最好的方法是语言的使用，这非常重要。

Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.甚至最小的词在我们的潜意识里有着这深远的作用，就像一个孩子，不真正明白两者之间发生了什么不同和你怎么想的，他渴望令人喜欢，乐意执行你给的任何命令。

无论你这是故意与否完全的取决于你。

"Try"It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"? Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to… " and notice how you feel. Next say, "I will do…" and see how you feel. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.努力这是个很小的词却对我们有着令人惊讶的影响力。

2012年新版自考英语（二）讲义第1课至第4课

2012年新版自考英语（二）讲义第1课至第4课2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 1）Unit 1 T he P o wer of L angu ageI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es ent ati ve adj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的s uf f ic ienc yins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/the aut hor it y on s th.aut hor i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A wit h Bc om par e A to B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e th at…a c as e in poi ntc onf ir m ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的v al idi t y n. 有效性，正确（性）in va li d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ib le=u nbe li e vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele va nc y n. 关联；恰当ir r el ev ant27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的in appr opr ia teIt's (not) a ppr o pr ia te th at ….29. b ias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons id erc ons id er in gc ons id er ab lec ons id er atec ons id er at ion31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的we ll-i nf orm edi ll-i nf orm edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ex t Lear n ingCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r e adi ng app lies t o n on-f ic tion wr i tin g i n whic h t he a uthorputs f or th a p os it ion or s eek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. Cr it ic al r e ad ing is ac tiv e r ea di ng. I t i nv o lv es m o r e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）under s ta nd ing what a n aut hor is s a yi ng. Cr itic a l r eadi ng in vol vesques ti on ing an d e va lu atin g wh at t he a uth or is s a yi ng, an d f orm ing yo ur o wn o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he a uth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the thi n gs yo u s houl d do to be a c r iti c al r ead er.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. C r it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut horputs f or th a p os it ion or s eek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：app lic at ion, ap pl ic ant, ap plic a bl e② Cons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y be r ea di ngs om ethin g th at was w r itten b y an aut hor f r om a diff er ent c ultur alc ontex t th an yo ur s. (2)O r, you m a y be r ead i ng s om ething wr itt en s ome tim e ago i n a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t th an yo ur s. (3)In ei ther c as e,yo u m us t r ec ogni ze and t ak e into ac c ou nt a n y dif f er enc es bet we en yourva lues a nd atti tud es and t hos e r e pr es ent e d b y th e au thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in adif f er ent tim e c ontex t than yo ur s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. In eit her c as e, yo u m us t r ec ogni ze and t ak e into acc ou nt a n ydif f er enc es bet we en your v alu es an d at tit ud es and thos e r epr es e ntedb y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

2012自考英语二教材

2012自考英语二教材English:In the 2012 self-study English II textbook, there is a wide range of reading materials and exercises designed to improve students' comprehensive English skills. The materials cover various topics such as travel, culture, education, and technology, providing students with the opportunity to learn vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, and writing skills. The textbook also incorporates listening exercises, allowing students to practice their listening and speaking abilities. In addition, the textbook provides model essays and compositions for students to analyze and learn from, further enhancing their writing proficiency. Overall, the textbook is well-rounded and comprehensive, catering to the needs of self-study English learners.中文翻译:在2012年的自学英语二教材中，有广泛的阅读材料和练习，旨在提高学生的综合英语技能。

2012新版自考英语(二)教材课后答案

Unit 1Text AI 1-5 B A D A BII Section A1.consistent2.statement3.reflect4.invalid5.considerableparisonSection B1.credible.2.identify3.assumption4.represents5.evaluated6.appropriateSection C1.to2.forward3.into4.in5.with6.toIII 1-5 define action tears good express6-10 powerful internally respond to shapes personalIV Section A1.take different social groups into accountparing his present work with the previous work,3.is inconsistent with what he told the policeman4.is not relevant to what we’re dealing withrm us of any of your changesSection B要成为一个灵活的读者，你必须知道如何根据你的阅读目的选择并使用恰当的阅读方式。

知道何时，如何使用不同的阅读风格能使你成为一个灵活的读者。

研究型阅读是灵活的读者为了深度理解偏难的题材时所使用的阅读风格。

当使用此种阅读风格时，你的阅读速度要比平时慢一些。

而且，你要挑战自我，以理解原文。

并且，它还常常需要你阅读不止一遍以深度理解。

有时候，大声朗读也可以加深理解。

V 52134Text BI Section A1-6 Y F Y F Y NGSection B1.Mastering our language2.our lives and destinies3.determination4.power5.live whatever life you desire6.some alternativesII Section A1.confidence2.creative3.eliminate4. dramatically5.significant6.limitSection B1.matter2. commonly3. pleased4. infinitemand6.impactSection C1.out2.Seems3. on4. within5. in6. overIII Section A1.have a great impact on the country’s future.2.but it matters a lot to me3.but the police is soon in control of the situation4.i have on alternative but let you go5.The final decision is up to the managerSection B职场中，英语具有重要的作用。

自学考试《英语二》2012年出版最新讲义第七章

Unit 7 Inner VoiceYour mind knows only some things. Your inner voice, your instinct, knows everything.——Henry Franklin Winkler你的头脑只了解一些事情,你的心声、你的直觉却洞悉一切。

——亨利·富兰克林·温克勒Text A Your Inner VoiceNew Wordsinner adj. 〔of feelings, etc.private and secret; not expressed or shown to other people 内心的；隐藏的precisely adv. exactly 准确地；恰好地bombard v. to do something too often or too much, for example criticizing or questioning someone, or giving too much information 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息dreaded adj. causing fear 令人害怕的；可怕的small talk polite conversation about ordinary or unimportant subjects, especially at social occasions 寒暄；闲谈；聊天hesitation n. the act of pausing uncertainly 犹豫wonder v. to think about something and try to decide what is true, what will happen, what you should do, etc. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨prompt v. to make somebody decide to do something；to cause something to happen 促使；导致；激起complete adj. used when you are emphasizing something, to mean "to the greatest degree possible" 〔用以强调完全的,彻底的upset adj. unhappy or disappointed because of something unpleasant that has happened 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的roll v. to turn over and over and move in a particular direction; to make a round object do this 〔使翻滚,滚动despite prep. used to show that something happened or is true although something else might have happened to prevent it 即使；尽管feeble adj. not effective; not showing determination or energy 无效的；无力的attempt n. an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no success 企图；试图；尝试wipe v. to remove dirt, liquid, etc. from something by using a cloth, your hand, etc. 〔用布、手等擦干净,抹掉profusely adv. in an abundant manner 大量地；连连地address v. to write on an envelope, etc. the name and address of the person, company, etc. that you are sending it to by mail 写〔收信人姓名地址；致函receptionist n. a person whose job is to deal with people arriving at or telephoning a hotel, an office building, a doctor's surgery, etc. 接待员attach v. to fasten or join one thing to another 把…固定,把…附〔在…上emotion n. a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person's character that consists of feelings 强烈的感情；情感；情绪contain v. to keep your feelings under control 控制,克制,抑制〔感情apparently adv. according to what you have heard or read; according to the way something appears 据…所知；看来；显然overwhelming adj. very great or very strong; so powerful that you cannot resist it or decide how to react 巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的scream v. to shout something in a loud, high voice because of fear, anger, etc. 高声喊,大声叫Phrases and Expressionsbe lost in one's thought to be concentrating so much on one's thoughts that one is not aware of one's surroundings 陷入沉思break down to fail 失败come up with to find or produce an answer, etc. 找到〔答案等drop…off to deliver something on the way to somewhere else 〔顺路把…放下take one's own life to kill oneself 自杀in desperation in the state of despair 在绝望中；走投无路care about sb. to like or love somebody and worry about what happens to them 关心；关怀take a chance to decide to do something,knowing that it might be the wrong choice 冒险make a difference to have an effect on somebody/something 有作用；产生影响重点词汇inner adj. 〔of feelings,etc.private and secret；not expressed or shown to other people 内心的；隐藏的eg: Taichi gives me a sense of inner calm. 太极可以让我获得内心平静。

【7A版】2012版英语二自学教程课文

ContentsTeGt A Critical Reading........................................................................................................................TeGt A Split Milk.....................................................................................................................................TeGt A Reflections: Friendship and Loyalty................................................................................TeGt A Works Is a Blessing ................................................................................................................TeGt A Life Is Difficult..........................................................................................................................TeGt A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely.................................................TeGt A Your Inner Voice.......................................................................................................................TeGt A Life without Limits..........................................................................................................................................................................................................TeGt A: 300 Hurdles ..............................................................................................................................TeGt A: The Importance of Public Transportation ..........................................................................................................TeGt A Cyber Love............................................................................................................................................................................................................TeGt A Feeling Free................................................................................................................................ TeGt B Self-esteem and Body Image.............................................................................................Unit1ThePowerofLanguageAFamousQuoteLanguageisthedressofthought.------SamuelJohnson SamuelJohnson(1709-1784),Britishmanofletters,oneofthemostoutst andingfiguresofthe18th centuryinEngland.Hemadelastingcontributionsto Englishliteratureasapoet,essayist,moralist,literarycritic,biographer,editora ndleG icographer.Johnsonhasbeendescribedas“arguab lythemostdisting uishedmanoflettersinEnglishhistory.”TeGtACriticalReadingPre-readingQuestions1.Doyouusuallychallengetheideaanauthorrepresents?Whatdoyouthinkisactivereading?2.WhatsuggestionsdoyoueGpecttheauthorwillgiveonreadingcritically?Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsfort hapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinv olvesmorethanjustunderstandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadingin volvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyour ownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushouldd otobeacriticalreader.ConsidertheconteGtofwhatiswritten.YoumaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalconteGtthanyours.Or,yo umaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimeconteGtt hanyours.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferen cesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don’tacceptwhatiswritten atfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,bycertainthattheauthorprovid essufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,eGamples,andsta tisticsthatprovidesupport.Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedthewor kofauthorities.Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.Lookt oseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwiththatothershavewrittenaboutthesu bject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorpro videsfortheinconsistencies.Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.Assumptionsarewhatevert heauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theaut hor’sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyi nordertoidentifyanyassumptions.Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmus tdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,bycertainthattheso urcesarecredible.ForeGample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswriti ngaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesar erelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.Finally,ift heauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent.ForeGample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20th centurymayno tbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphys ics.Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpolit icswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaD emocratoraRepublican.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition. Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorh aswritten.Thatis,takewhatiswrittenwith“agrainofsalt.”Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecomebetterinformedandmaychang eyourviewsasappropriate.TeGtBTheLanguageofConfidencePre-readingQuestions1.Arethereanywordsthatmakeyoufeelconfidentordiffident?2.Doyoubelievethatlanguagecaninfluencepeople’sthought?GivesomeeGample.Thelanguageweuseprogramsourbrain.Masteringourlanguagegiveus agreatdegreeofmasteryoverourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttouset helanguageinthebestwaypossibleinordertodramaticallyimproveourqualit yoflife.Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonoursubconscio usmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoe sn’treallyunderstandthedifferencebe tweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit---whetheryoudothisknowinglyo rnotisentirelyuptoyou.“Try”Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,“I ’l l try todothat”youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobeputtingtheirwholehe artintoit,andmaynotevendoitatall.Howoftendoyouusetheword try whental kingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?Dosay“I’lltrytobemoreconfident ”or“I’lltrytodothat”or“I’lltrytocall”?Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyoursel fintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,“I’lltryto…”andnoticehowyoufeel.Ne Gts ay,“Iwilldo…”andseehowyoufeel.Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn’tit?Itgivesyoua senseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoun dyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrytonoticeifitgetsdoneornot.Eliminatethe wordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.“Can’t”Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfe elweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem.Itlimitsourinfiniteabilities andstiflescreativity.Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionaryandreplaceitwiths omethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.Insteadofsayingyoucan’t,whynotsaysomethinglike“Ichoose…”or “Ichoosenotto…”Usingwordslikethisallowsyoutotakebackyourpowerandtobeincontrolofyourlife.Wordsmayappearsmallandinsignificant,yettheyhaveadeepandlastin geffectonus.Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlif eyoudesire.Whatwordsdoyouusealotthatdisempoweryou?Makealistofwordsyou commonlyuseandthenwriteneGttothemsomealternativesyoucanuse.Mak ethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself, butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!Unit2MistakestoSuccessAFamousQuoteSuccessisgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlosingyourenthusiasm.----WinstonChurchill WinstonChurchill（1874-1965）,BritishConservativepoliticianandstatesmanknownforhisle adershipoftheUnitedKingdomduringtheSecondWorldWar.Widelyregarde dasoneofthegreatestwartimeleadersofthecentury,heservedasPrimeMinis tertwice.HeistheonlyBritishPrimeMinistertohavereceivedtheNobelPrizein Literature.TeGtASplitMilkPre-readingQuestions:1.Didyoumakeanymistakesonyourwaytosuccess?GivesomeeGample.2.Doyoubelievethatmakingmistakesisanecessaryingredientforsuccess?EGplain.Haveheardofthestoryaboutspiltmilk?Well,weallknowthereisnousecr yingoverspiltmilk.Butthisstoryisdifferent.Iwouldhopeallparentswouldres pondinthismanner.Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwhohadmadese veralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs.Hewasinterviewedbyanewspa perreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverage person;whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?Herespondedthat,inhisopinion,itallcamefromaneGperiencewithhism otherthatoccurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.Hehadbeentryingtorem oveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhelosthisgripontheslipperybot tleanditfell,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor–averitableseaofmilk !Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofyellingathim,givinghi malecture,orpunishinghim,shesaid,“Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulme ssyouhavemade!Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepuddleofmilk.Well,thedamag ehasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafew minutesbeforewecleanitup?”Indeed,hedid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid,“Youknow,Robert,w heneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupandrestore everythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseas ponge,atowel,oramop.Whichdoyouprefer?”Hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespiltmilk.Hismotherthensaid,“Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailede Gperimen tinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let’sgooutint hebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarr yitwithoutdroppingit.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatth etopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whataw onderfullesson!Therenownedscientistremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknew hedidn’tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.Instead,helearnedthatmistake swerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatsci entificeGperimentsareallabout.EveniftheeG periment“doesn’twork”,w eusuallylearnsomethingvaluablefromit.Wouldn’titbegreatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobert’smoth errespondedtohim?TeGtBTheCakePre-readingQuestions:1.Haveyoueverbeenwronglyblamedbyyourparents?Howdidyoufeelatthatmoment?2.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetotheparentswhoareblindedtotheirchildren’smerits?Cindyglancednervouslyattheclockonthekitchenwall.Fiveminutesbef oremidnight.“Theyshouldbehomeanytimenow,”shethoughtassheputthefinishin gtouchesonthechocolatecakeshewasfrosting.Itwasthefirsttimeinher12ye arsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,andtobehonest,itwasn’te Gactl yanda esthetictriumph.Thecakewas…well,lumpy.Andthefrostingwasbitter, asifshehadrunoutofsugarorsomething,which,ofcourse,shehad.Andthentherewasthewaythekitchenlooked.Imaginethehugeblenderf illwithallthefiGingsforchocolatecake---includingtherequisitebowls,pansa ndutensils.Nowimaginethattheblenderisturnedon,highspeed,withthelido ff.Doyougettheidea?ButCindywasn’tthinkingaboutthemess.Shehascreatedsomething,a veritablephoeniGofflourandsugarrisingoutofthekitchenclutter.Shewasan Giousforherparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresentheann iversarygifttothem.SheturnedoffthekitchenlightsandwaitedeGcitedlyinth edarkness.Whenatlastshesawtheflashofthecarheadlights,shepositionedh erselfinthekitchendoorway.Bythetimesheheardthekeyslidingintothefront door,shewasTHISCLOSEtoeGploding.Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.Shefli ppedonthelightsdramaticallyandtrumpeted:“Ta-daaa!!”Shegesturedgr andlytowardthekitchentable,whereslightlyoff-balancetwo-layerchocolate cakeawaitedtheirinspection.Buthermother’seyenevermaditallthewaytothetable.“Justlookatthis mess!”shemoaned.“HowmanytimeshaveItalkedtoyouaboutcleaningup afteryourself?”“ButMom,Iwasonly…”“Ishouldmakeyoucleanthisuprightnow,butI’mtootiredtostayupwit hyoutomakesureyougetitdoneright,”hermothersaid.“Soyou’lldoitfirst thing inthemorning.”“Honey,”Cindy’sfatherinterjectedgently,“takealookatthetable.”“Iknow-it’samess,”hiswifesaidcoldly.“Thewholekitchenisadisast er.Ican’tstandtolookatit.”Shestormedupthestairsandintoherroom,slam mingthedoorshutbehindher.ForafewmomentsCindyandherfatherstoodsilently,neitheroneknowin gwhattosay.Atlastshelookedupathim,hereyesmoistandred.“Sheneversa wthecake,”shesaid.Unfortunately,Cindy’smotherisn’ttheonlyparentwhosuffersfromSi tuationalTimbercularGlaucoma–theoccasionalinabilitytoseetheforestfort hetrees.Fromtimetotimeweallallowourselvestobeblindedtoissuesoflong-t ermsignificancebystuffthatseemsawfullyimportantrightnow,butisn’t.M uddyshoes,lostlunchmoneyandmessykitchensaretroublesome,andtheyd eservetheirplaceamonglife’sfrustrations.Butwhat’salittlemud–evenon newcarpet–comparedtoachild’sself-esteem?Isalostdollarmorevaluablet hanayoungster/semergingdignity?Andwhilekitchensanitationisimportan t,isitworththesacrificeoftenderfeelingsandrelationships?I’mnotsayingthatourchildrendon’tneedtolearnresponsibility,orto occasionallysufferthepainfulconsequenceoftheirownbadchoices.Thosele ssonsarevital,andneedtobecarefullytaught.Butasparents,wemustneverforgetthatwe’renotjustteachinglessons–we’reteachingchildren.Thatmean stherearetimeswhenreallyneedtoseethemessinthekitchen,andtimeswhen weonlyneedtoseethecake.Unit3FriendshipandLoyaltyAFamousQuoteBetrayingatrustisaveryquickandpainfulwaytoterminateafriendship.- RalphWaldoEmerson RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882),Americanessayist,lectureandpoet, wholedtheTranscendentalistMovementofthemid-19th century.TeGtAReflections:FriendshipandLoyaltyPre-readingQuestions1.DoyoubelievethatloyalfriendsareavailableontheInternet?2.Whatpersonalqualitiesmattermostinyourchoiceoffriends?Andwhy?Howmanyofusrecognizetrueloyaltyinafriend?Loyaltyconsistsofafrien d,whowillstickbyyou,throughthickandthin.Afriendwhoisalwayshonestwit hyouandneverbetraysthefriendshipwithliesisaloyalfriend.Ifyouhavealoyal friend,youhaveindeedfoundatruevirtueinthatfriend.ThecurrenttrendontheInternetisbefriendinganyonewhorequeststob eyourfriend.However,thisnewtrendmayleadtodisasters.Itmaybepopulara ndtrendytohaveanetworkfillwithamultitudeofmutualfriends.However,one trueloyalfriendmaybetheonlyfriendyouneed.AtermusedonthepopularFacebooksiteisB.F.F.Thisacronymmeansbest friendforever.Aretheyreallyyourbestfriendsforever?Youmightaskyourselft hisquestion,“Willtheysharemyprivatematterswithothers?”Iftheanswert othatis,“Idon’tknow”,morethanlikely,theywillnotbeyourbestfriendsfor ever.Maybenot,evenforaday.IchoosetohaveaB.L.F.,abestloyalfriend,forthoseofyouwhomaybechall engedbytheuseofacronymsduringthisageoftechnologyandfast-talking.Loyaltyfoundinafriendisakintomakingadepositinabankaccount.More oftenthannot,yourdepositsgaininterest,andinterestinyourwell-beingand welfare.Aloyalfriendattractsanotherloyalfriend.Inessence,waterdoesseeki tsownlevel.IfyouwereaB.L.FwaybeforeFacebookgainednotoriety,thenI’msurey ouunderstandthepremiseofloyaltyinafriend.YoushouldnevereGploityour B.L.F.togainmorefriendsormakeyourselfseemmoreimportanttoothers.The searenotthetraitsofabestloyalfriend.Abestloyalfrienddoesnotcarewhoisinvitedtoyourparty.Theywillatten dyourpartyandcelebrateyou,justinthewayabestloyalfriendshoulddo.ReconnectingwithabestloyalfriendiseasiertodoonthepagesofFacebo ok.However,avirtualfrienddoesnotassureyouofhisloyalty.Mycautiontoyou i sthatyou’dbetterpayattentiontothesmilingfacesontheFacebookpages.I ntheeightieswewerewarnedofsmilingfacesinasong,whichcontainedthesel yrics,“Asmileisjustafrownturnedupsidedown,myfriend.”Now,thatistheu ndisputedtruthformygeneration.TeGtBATributetotheDogPre-readingquestions:1.Whydomanypeoplechoosetokeepdogsaspetsinsteadofotheranimals?2.WhydoyouthinkagrowingnumberofChinese,especiallytheelderly,prefertokeeppets?Thebestfriendamanhasinthisworldmayturnagainsthimandbecomehi senemy.Hissonofdaughterwhomhehasrearedwithlovingcaremayproveun grateful.Thosewhoarenearestanddearesttous,thosewhomwetrustwithour happinessandourgoodname,maybecometraitorstotheirfaith.Themoneythatamanhashemaylose.Itfliesawayfromhim,perhapswhe nheneedsitmost.Aman’sreputationmaybesacrificedinamomentofill-con sideredaction.Thepeoplewhoarepronetofallontheirkneestodoushonorwh ensuccessiswithusmaybethefirsttothrowthestoneofmalicewhenfailureset tlesitsclouduponourheads.Theoneabsolute,unselfishfriendamanmayhave inthisselfishworld,theonethatneverdesertshim,theonethatneverprovesun gratefulortreacherous,ishisdog.Aman’sdogstandsbyhiminprosperityandinpoverty,inhealthandinsic kness.Hewillsleeponthecoldgroundwhenthewintrywindsblowandthesno wdrivesfiercely,ifonlyhecanbenearhismaster’sside.Hewillkissthehandtha thasnofoodtooffer.Hewilllickthesoresandwoundsthatcomeintheencounte rwiththeroughnessoftheworld.Heguardsthesleepofhispaupermasterasift hewereaprince.Whenallotherfriendsdesert,heremains.Whenrichestakewingsandrep utationfallstopieces,heisasconstantinhisloveasthesuninitsjourneythrough theheavens.Iffortunedrivesthemasterforth,anoutcastintheworld,friendles sandhomeless,thefaithfuldogasksnohigherprivilegethanthatofaccompan yinghimtoguardhimagainstdanger,tofightagainsthisenemies.Andwhenth elastsceneofallcomesanddeathtakesitsmasterinitsembraceandthebodyisl aidawaythecoldground,nomatterifallotherfriendspursuetheirway,there,b yhisgravesidewillthenobledogbefound,hisheadbetweenhispaws,hiseyess adbutopeninalertwatchfulnessfaithfulandtrueeventodeath.Unit4TheJoyofWorkAFamousQuote:Labourisoftenthefatherofpleasure.- Francios–MarieArouet(Voltaire) Francios–MarieArouet(Voltaire)(1694-1778),Frenchpoet,dramatist, historian,andphilosopher.Hewasandoutspokenandaggressiveenemyofev eryinjustice,especiallyofreligiousintolerance.Hisworksareanoutstandinge mbodimentoftheprinciplesoftheFrenchEnlightenment.TeGtAWorksIsaBlessingPre-readingQuestions1.Doyouoftenhelpyourparentswiththehouseholdchores?Whatdoyouusuallydotohelpthem?2.HaveyouhadanyeGperienceofdoingpart-timejobstohelpsupportyourselfandyourfamily?Whatdidyouthinkaboutit?IgrewupinLakeland,LA,oneof12children.Wealllivedonmyparents’su bsistencefarm.Wegrewcotton,sugarcane,corn,hogs,andchickensandhadal argegarden,butitdidn’tbringinmuchcash.SowhenIwas12,Igotapart-timej obonadairyfarmdowntheroad,helpingtomilkcows.Wemilked65cowsat5in themorningandagainat2intheafternoon,sevendaysaweek.InthekitchenonSaturdaybeforedaylight,Iremembercomplainingtomy fatherandgrandfatherabouthavingtogomilkthosecows.Myfathersaid,“Ya know,boy,toworkisablessing.”IlookedatthosetwomenwhohadworkedharderthanIeverhad–myfath erekingoutalivingonthatfarmandmygrandfatherfarmingandworkingasac arpenterduringtheDepression.IhadafeelingIhadbeentoldsomethingreally important,butittookmanyyearsbeforeitsankin.GoingtocollegewasarareprivilegeforakidfromLakeland.Myfathertold mei fIpickedsomethingtostudythatIlikeddoing,I’dalwayslookforwardtom ywork.Buthealsoadded,“Evenhavingajobyouhateisbetterthannothaving ajobatall.”Iwantedtobeafarmer,butIjoinedtheROTCprogramtohelppayfor college.AndwhatstartedoutasanobligationtotheArmybecameawayoflifet hatIstayedcommittedtofor37years,threemonthsandthreedays.Inthelate1980s,duringavisittoBangladesh,Isawawomanwithababyon herback,breakingbrickswithahammer.IaskedaBangladeshmilitaryescortw hythey weren’tusingamachine,whichwouldhavebeenaloteasier.Hetoldm eamachinewouldputthatladyoutofwork.Breakingthosebricksmeantshecouldearnenoughmoneytofeedherselfandherbabythatday.Andasbadasthat woman’sjobwas,itwasenoughtokeepasmallfamilyalive.Itremainedmeof myfather’swords:Toworkisablessing.ServingintheU.S.Armyoverseas,IsawalotofpeoplelikethatwomaninBa ngladesh.AndIhavecometobelievethatpeoplewithoutjobsarenotfree.They arevictimsofcrime,theideologyofterrorism,poorhealth,depressionandsoci alunrest.Thesevictimsbecometheillegalimmigrants,theslavesofhumantraf ficking,thedrugdealers,andstreetgangmembers.Ihaveseenitoverandover againontheU.S.border,inSomalia,theCongo,AfghanistanandinNewOrlean s.Peoplewhohavejobscanhaveahome,sendtheirkidstoschool,developasen seofpride,contributetothegoodofthecommunity,andevenhelpother.Whe nwecanwork,wearefree.Weareblessed.Idon’tthinkIwilleverquitworking.I’mretiredfromtheArmy,butI’ms tillworkingtohelppeoplebepreparedfordisaster.AndImaygettodoalittlefar mingsomeday,too.I’mnotgoingtostop.Ibelieveinmyfather’swords.Ibeli eveintheblessingofwork.TeGtBHowtoStartYourOwnBusinessPre-readingQuestions:1.Doyouhopetostartyourownbusiness?Whatwouldyouliketodo?2.Whatdoyouknowaboutthenecessaryconditionsforstartingabusiness?TheparadoGofstartingyourownbusinessliesinthesimultaneouschalle ngeandrewards,makingitaneGperienceunlikeanyother.Somanybusinessesfail,andmostentrepreneurseGcludethemselvesfromthepossibility.Thetra gicrealityisthatwhenbusinessfail,thepassionoftendieswithit.Byfollowings omesoundadviceandbeingpreparedfortheprocess,youwilldecreaseyourc hancesoflosingalotmorethanyoubargainedfor.Ihaverecentlystartedabusi nessandhavelearnedsomecruciallessonsintheprocessthatIfeelprivilegedt osharewithyou.1.Identifyyourmotivation.Whydoyouwanttostartyourownbusiness? Tohavemoretime?Tomakemoremoney?Tobeyourownboss?Tohavecreativ econtroloverwhatyoulovetodo?Writeoutallofyourmotivatingfactorsandp rioritizethem.Whenyousee themlisted,youmightseeapatterninthatyou’r ejustunhappyatyourcurrentjobandstartingyourownbusinessisn’ttheans wer.2.Identifyyourpassion.Whatdoyoulovetodo?Whatskillsandknowled gedoyouuniquelybringtothetable?WhatgetsyoueGcitedaboutyourwork? Keepthatpassionattheforefrontofyourbusinessplan,yourmarketingstrateg ies,andyourdailyroutine.Ifyoukeepyourpassioninplainsight,youwillstayfoc usedonthepurposeofyourbusinessandnotsolelyonthelogistics.3.Identifyyourmarket.Ifyouarestartingyourbusinesslocally,research yourcompetitor.Determineifthereisroominthemarketforyourbusiness.Wh atwillyoudodifferentlytodrawincustomers?Whatnichemarketaretheother businessesmissing?IfyouarestartinganInternetcompany,researchtherequi rementsforyourownuniqueWebpresence.Yourbusinesscannotsurvivewith outcustomers,sodoenoughresearchonthefrontendtodetermineifthereen oughpotentialclientstokeepyourbusinessalive.4.Identifyyourfinance.Ifyouhaveeverpurchasedanewhome,youkno wthatthefinancialobligationseGtendbeyondthedownpaymentandthemor tgage.Youhavetobuyfurniture,trashcans,agaragedooropeners,lightfiGtur esandlandscapingequipment,andbeforeyouknowit,you’refare Gceededy ourfinancialboundaries.Thatcanhappenjustaseasilyinabusiness.DoeGhau stivefinancialplanning.Meetwithafinancialadvisororsomeoneatyoubankt oeGaminethefinancialviabilityofyourbusinessandtheprocessofgettingitu pandrunning.Planwiselyanddonotassumethebestaboutyourbusiness.Bep reparedforfinanciallossandgetadviceonhowtoalleviatethatburdeninthefu ture.5.Identifyyoursupportsystem.Seekoutadvicefromseasonedbusines sowners,eventhoseinyourownfield.Developrelationshipswithpeoplewhoc anoffersoundadviceandcriticismthatyoumightnotsee.Ifthereisabusinesso wnerinyourcommunityorinyournetworkthatyouaspiretomodel,eGamineh isorherbusinesspracticesandhowtheyhandlevarioussituations.Askforcoun selbeforebigdecisions,andevencreateyourownmakeshiftBoardofDirectors tohelpguideyouintheplanningandstart-upprocess.Onceyouhavealloftheseelementsinplace,youarepreparedtostartthepr ocessofdevelopingabusinessplan,applyingforalicense,establishingamark etingpresence,etc.Owningyourownbusinesscanbeunparalleledintheprofe ssionalworld,andifyousurroundyourselfwithwisecounsel,youcanhaveacar eerthatdailyfeedsyourpassion.Unit5KeepyourDreamsAliveAFamousQuoteYouarenevertoooldtosetanothergoaltodreamanewdream.--C.S.Lewis CliveStaplesLewis(1898-1963),Irish-bornBritishscholar,writerandlayt heologian.Hewasanestablishedliteraryfigurewhoseimpactisincreasinglyr ecognizedbyscholarsandteachers.TeGtALifeIsDifficultPre-readingQuestions:1.Doyoubelievethatlifeisdifficult?Whataresomeofthedifficultiesthatyouhaveencounteredinyourlife?2.Whatsuggestionsdidyougetfromyourparentsorfriendswhenyoumetwithdifficultiesinyourlife?Lifeisdifficult.Thisisagreattruth,oneofthegreatesttruths.Itisagreattruthbecauseonc ewetrulyseethistruthwetranscendit.Oncewetrulyknowthatlifeisdifficult–o ncewetrulyunderstandandacceptit–thenlifeisnolongerdifficult.Becauseon ceitisaccepted,thatfactthatlifeisdifficultnolongermatters.Mostpeopledonotfullyseethistruththatlifeisdifficult.Insteadtheymoanmoreorlessincessantly,noisilyorsubtly,abouttheeno rmityoftheirproblems,theirburdens,andtheirdifficultiesasiflifeweregenera llyeasy,asiflifeshouldbeeasy.Theyvoicetheirbelief,noisilyorsubtly,thattheirdifficultiesrepresentauniquekindofafflictionthatshouldnotbeandthathass omehowbeenespeciallyvisiteduponthem,orelseupontheirfamilies,theirtri be,theirclass,theirnation,theirrace,oreventheirspecies,andnotuponothers. IknowaboutthismoaningbecauseIhavedonemyshare.Lifeisaseriesofproblems.Dowewanttomoanaboutthemorsolvethem? Dowewanttoteachourchildrentosolvethem?Disciplineisthebasicsetoftoolswerequiretosolvelife’sproblems.With outdisciplinewecansolvenothing.Withonlysomedisciplinewecansolveonly someproblems.Withtotaldisciplinewecansolveallproblems.Whatmakeslifedifficultisthattheprocessofconfrontingandsolvingpro blemsisapainfulone.Problems,dependingupontheirnature,evokeinusfrust rationofgrief,sadness,loneliness,guilt,regret,anger,fear,anGiety,anguish,or despair.Theseareuncomfortablefeelings,oftenveryuncomfortable,oftenas painfulasanykindofphysicalpain,sometimesequalingtheveryworstkindofp hysicalpain.Indeed,itisbecauseofthepainthateventsorconflictsengenderin usallthatwecancallthemproblems.Andsincelifeposesandendlessofproble ms,lifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.Yetitisinthiswholeprocessofmeetingandsolvingproblemsthatlifehasit smeaning.Problemsarethecuttingedgethatdistinguishesbetweensuccess andfailure.Problemscallforthourcourageandourwisdom;indeed,theycreat eourcourageandourwisdom.Itisonlybecauseofproblemsthatwegrowment allyandspiritually.Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowthofthehumanspirit ,wechallengeandencouragethehumancapacitytoresolveproblems,justasinschoolwedeliberatelysetproblemsforourchildrentosolve.Itisthroughthep ainofconfrontingandresolvingthatwelearn.AsBenjami nFranklinsaid,“Tho sethingsthathurt,instruct.”Itisforthisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnotodre adbutactuallytowelcomeproblemsandactuallytowelcomethepainofprobl ems.TeGtBBeginAgainPre-readingQuestion:1.Ifyourfriendsturntoyouforadvicewhentheyfacelife’schallenges,wh atwillyousaytothem?2.WhatadvicedoyoueGpecttheauthorwillgivetopeopleindifficulties?Tobeginagainmeansthatyouwon’tgiveup.Tobeginagainmeansyou’retrying.Youcaneitherstartoverandliveyourlife.Orspendtherestofyourlifeslowlydying.Itisneverthefallingthatmakesusfail.Itisneverthepainorthecrying.Youcanneverfailinlife,myfriend,Unlessyougiveuptrying.–BobPerksItseemslatelythatmoreandmoreofmyfriendsarefacingsomeseemingly insurmountablechallengesintheirlives.Afewhavelosttheirjobsandsomehavefailedmarriages.Alltoomanyhavefailedmarriages.Alltoomanyhavehealt hissuesorarebattlingcancer.Idon’tknowifitisdesperationthatcausesthemtoturntomeforadviceor whethertheyhavecometovalueourfriendship.Butitisdifficult,tosaytheleast, toofferwordsofhopewhenalltheyfeelishopelessness.TheyeGpectanswers, somemagicwavingofawand,oraroadmaptogetthembackontheirfeetagain .Ihaveoftenstruggledwithwhattosay.MostlybecauseIhavefacedmanyo fthesamechallengesinmyownlife,IrememberhowemptyIfeltaftersomeone cheerfullyofferedwordslike,“Keepyourchinup!”“Thingswillgetbetter!”“Hanginthere!”“It’salwaysdarkest…,”etc.Yes,eventhosewerequicktoquotetheBibletomefoundmequiteunrecep tiveatthetime.Now,asaninspirationwriter,beingthoughtofasaresourceofhopeorago od(orbad)eGampleofwhattodoinlife,Ihaveevenmorepeoplecontactingme .So,whatdoIsay?“WhatcanIdo,Bob?”I’velostmyjob.Whatdoyousuggest?”“Beginagain.”“Hewalkedoutonme.Mywholeworldjustended.WhatshouldIdo?”“Beginagain.”“Bob,Iknowbothyouronandyourwifehavecancer.Ifoundoutmywifedoes,too.Whatdidyoutellthem?”“Beginagain.”Italmostsoun dstoosimple.Iimagineinthedarkesthoursofone’slife,th oseworkswouldseemuselessoruncaring.Butitisindeedtheanswer.Alllifechallengesbringaboutandending–andthechanceforabeginning. Ajobpreventsandopportunitytostartoversomewhereelseandmaybeeveni nanothercareer.Afailedmarriagedoesnotmeanyouarethroughlovingorbeingloved.Itm eansthereareothersjustlikeyouneedingtobeloved.Findthem.Alife-threateningdiseasedoesnotmeangivingup.Itmeansstartingane wpathtorecoveryanddiscoveringwithinyourselftheabilitytofightbackand win.Andifyoua reapersonoffaith,evendeathdoesnotmeanit’sover.Itmean s,“tobeginagain.”Unit6TheValueofMoneyAFamousQuote:Neverspendyourmoneybeforeyouhaveit.–ThomasJefferson ThomasJefferson(1743-1826),thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStatesa ndprimaryauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.TeGtATeachingChildrentoSpendPocketMoneyWisely。

2012年新版英语（二）自考教材课后练习题答案

Unit 1 The Power of Language Text Aⅰ: B A D A Cⅱ：Section A1:consistent 2:statement3:reflect 4:invalid5:considerably 6:comparisonSection B1:credible 2:identify3:assumptions 4:represents5:evaluated 6:appropriateSection C1:to 2:forth3:into 4:on5:with 6:toⅲ 1: defines 2:action3:tears 4:good5:express 6:powerful7:internally 8:shape9:responds toⅳ Section A1: take interests of different social groups into account12: Compare the recent work with the previous work 3: was not consistent with his statement to the police 4: was not relevant to the matter being dealt with 5: Please inform us of any change your caseV 521634Text BⅠSection A1: Y 2: N 3:Y 4:N 5:Y 6:NG Section B1: Mastering our language2: our quality of life3: determination4: power5: live whatever life we desire6: some alternativesⅡ Section A1:confidence 2: creative3:eliminate 4:dramatically5: significant 6:limitSection B1:matter 2:commonly3: pleased 4:infinite5:commands 6: qualitySection C1 out 2: up 3: on4: to 5: in 6: overⅢ Section A1: have a noticeable impact on the country’s future2: but it really matters to me3: but the police were in control of it soon4:I have no alternative but to let you go5: it’s up to the manager to make the final decisionUnit 2Mistakes to SuccessText AⅠ 1-5: DACBBⅡSection A1: effectively 2: response 3: discover 4: occur5: rare 6: scientificSection B1: remove 2: eventually 3: opportunity 4:renowned 5: interviewed 6: remarkedSection C1 to 2: so 3: to 4: on 5: in 6: forⅢ 1: fear 2: under 3: unavoidable 4: success5: without 6: reach 7: between 8: so that 9: as long as10: wiselyⅤ 214365Text BⅠSection A1 N 2：N 3：Y 4：Y 5：NG 6: YSection B1: messy 2: her anniversary gift 3: the mess in the kitchen4: what to say 5: long-term significance6: not just teaching lessons, they are teaching childrenⅡSection A1: slightly 2: troublesome 3: occasional 4: inspection5: responsible 6: disasterSection B1: presented 2: frustration 3: awfully 4: deserves 5 :issues 6: glanceSection C1: from 2: out 3: with 4: off 5: up 6: ofUnit 3Friendship and LoyaltyText AⅠ 1-5: AABABⅡSection A1：recognition 2: reflection 3: undisputed 4: loyalty5: essential 6: assuranceSection B1: sought 2: requested 3: challenges 4: mutual5: virtue 6: generationSection C1: of 2: in 3: of 4: of 5: through 6: InⅢ 1: While 2: wisely 3: on 4: opposites 5: personalities6: that 7: whatever 8: unique 9: a couple of 10:shareⅤ 326451Text BⅠSection A1Y 2: Y 3: N 4: NG 5: N 6: Y Section B1: ungrateful 2: their faith 3: sacrificed 4: prosperity and inpoverty 5: a prince 6: accompany himⅡSection A1: pursuit 2: faithful 3: ungrateful 4: fiercely5: prosperity 6: reputationSection B1: privileges 2: prone 3: poverty4: alert 5: scene 6: desertedSection C1: by 2: to 3: against 4: to 5: to 6: downUnit 4 The Joy of WorkText AⅠ 1-5: BADCBⅡSection A1: dealers 2: complain 3: rarely 4: blessing5: contribute 6: illegalSection B1: committed 2: subsistence 3: immigrants4: unrest 5: quit 6: victimSection C1: about 2: of 3: to 4: in 5: in 6: againⅢ1: check out 2: improve 3: stressed 4: arrive 5: clearing away 6: priority 7: weight 8: routine 9: different 10: routeⅤ 31254Text BⅠSection A1: Y 2: NG 3: N 4: N 5: NG 6: NⅡSection A1: exhaustive 2: survival 3: various 4: motivation 5: profession 6: competitiveSection B1: sound 2: exceeds 3: prioritize 4: unique5: routine 6: patternsSection C1: in 2: from 3: for 4: out 5: for 6: inSelf-Assessment 11- 5: ABCAC 6-10: BBAAA11-15: ABCCA16-20: EAFBC 21-25: BEDDCA26-30: FADCB31-35: HDCAK 36-40: LFEJB41: encourage 42: careful 43: particularly44: implications 45: trained 46: impression47: communications 48: respectful 49: designer50: logicalUnit 5 Keeping Your Dreams AliveUnit 5 Keeping Your Dreams AliveText AⅠ 1-5: AACACⅡSection A1: wisdom 2: deliberately 3: anxiety 4: belief 5: uncomfortable 6: equivalentSection B1:distinguished 2: instructions 3: equal 4: conflicts 5: guilty 6: anxiousSection C1: of 2: about 3: of 4: between 5: forth 6: asⅢ1: satisfy 2: than 3: focus on 4: the middle 5: sense 6: but 7: challenged 8: inner 9: fit 10: thinking ofⅤ 213546Text BⅠSection A1: Y 2: N 3: N 4: Y 5: Y 6: YⅡSection A1: imagination 2: threaten 3: recover 4: inspire 5: valuable 6: quotingSection B1: desperate 2: challenge 3: cheerful 4: valuable5: contact 6: inspiringSection C1: on 2: with 3: out 4: over 5: back 6: about Section BⅣ S ection B32154687Unit 6 The Value of MoneyText AⅠ 1-5: BBDCBⅡSection A1: differentiate 2: indulgent 3: resistance4: responsibility 5: formation 6: unnecessarySection B1: constraint 2: budget 3: principle4: scheme 5: monthly 6: temptationSection C1: to 2: in 3: on 4: in 5: within 6: InⅢ1: basic 2: invest 3: direct 4: Ideally 5: called6: wasteful 7: where 8: Now that 9: accumulated 10: grow Ⅴ 652143Text BⅠSection A1: Y 2: Y 3: NG 4: N 5: Y 6: YSection B1: dreamt of 2: the opposites 3: traits4: a giving attitude 5: joyful 6: a healthier view ⅡSection A1: abundance 2: favorite 3: scared4: donation 5: originally 6: economicSection B1: available 2: abundant 3: stimulated4: charity 5: universe 6: readilySection C1: of 2: as 3: between 4: down 5 : up 6: inⅣ Section B1: C 2: D 3: AUnit 7 Inner VoiceText AⅠ1-5: DCBAAⅡSection A1: precisely 2: hesitate 3: wonderful 4: emotion5: ignorance 6: completeSection B1: attached 2: attempts 3: upset 4: overwhelming5: prompted 6: innerSection C1: took 2: with 3: for 4: take 5: in 6: withⅢ1: choose 2: opportunity 3: view 4: accordingly 5: end up 6: interact 7: whose 8: what 9: nonstop 10: nightⅤ 615324Text BⅠSection A1: N 2: Y 3: N 4: NG 5: Y 6: YⅡSection A1: boredom 2: namely 3: character 4: tension5: sour 6: pleasingSection B1: modest 2: wears 3: brightened 4 : radiate5: goodwill 6: inheritedSection C1: under 2: up 3: of 4: As 5: into 6: skinⅣ Section B1: also 2: As 3: In addition 4: For example5: even if 6: FinallyUnit 8 The Great MindsText AⅠ1-5: CCDBAⅡSection A1: perfection 2: accomplishment 3: persistent4: disposal 5: effective 6: motivationalSection B1: obstacle 2: incredible 3: vision 4: perspective5: fulfill 6: profoundSection C1: to 2: from 3: with 4: at 5: in 6: ofⅢ1: confused 2: natural 3: intentionally 4: likely 5: potential 6: as opposed to 7: Even if 8: known9: called upon 10: markⅤ 231547968Text BⅠSection A1: Y 2: NG 3: N 4: N 5: Y 6: NⅡSection A1: adoption 2: appointment 3: convincing4: initially 5: recruitment 6: successiveSection B1: foundation 2: innovative 3: possession4: insanely 5: immense 6: unexpectedSection C1: among 2: with 3: as 4: of 5: in 6: inⅣ Section B6713425Self-Assessment 21- 5: ABBAB 6-10: BBBAA11-15: CCBAB16-20: BACED 21-25: BCFEA26-30: BFACD31-35: LHIBC 36-40: EDJFG41: infinite 42: exhausted 43: discoveries 44: increasing 45: Advanced 46: effective 47: investments48: transportation 49: applied 50: independentUnit 9Facing Life’s ChallengesText AⅠ1-5: CCACAⅡSection A1: despair 2: negative 3: individually 4: tougher 5: incredible 6: symbolizeSection B1: leaped 2: arose 3: lost 4: paced5: through 6: positiveSection C1: with 2: up 3: over 4: with 5: at 6: toⅢ1: struggling 2: arose 3: respectively 4: turned5: observed 6: tasted 7: weak 8: inside 9: circumstance 10: worstⅤ 513624Text BⅠSection A1: NG 2: N 3: Y 4: N 5: Y 6: NⅡSection A1: sudden 2: appreciate 3: purity 4: applause5: shaky 6: boastfulSection B1: aid 2: proceeded 3: signaled 4: undid5: figured 6: bewilderingSection C1: up 2: hire 3: round/up4: sudden 5: to 6: AtⅣ Section B1: in addition to 2: and 3: thus 4: However5: because 6: Also 7: Finally 8: AgainUnit 10 Ode to Public TransportText AⅠ1-5: ABDDCⅡSection A1: economic 2: arrangement 3: dependent 4: valuable 5: exception 6: easeSection B1: necessities 2: strengthen 3: lessening 4: limited 5: proclaimed 6: commutesSection C1: for 2: on 3: to 4: up 5: to 6: inⅢ1: limited 2: running out of 3: refers to 4: low5: require 6: another 7: compared to 8: personal 9: positive 10: economicⅤ 243561Text BⅠSection A1: Y 2: N 3: N 4: N 5: Y 6: YⅡSection A1: maintenance 2: Considerable 3: economical 4: accumulation 5: warmth 6: assuranceSection B1: pushing 2: advantage 3: incidents 4: intention5: sustained 6: aggravatedSection C1: up 2: in 3: for 4: for 5: for 6: inⅣ Section B1: Much as 2: for example 3: Also 4: Similarly 5: even6: In conclusion 7: butUnit 11 Cyber WorldText AⅠ1-5: DDBACⅡSection A1: merely 2: intimate 3: determine 4: romantic 5: perception 6: intenseSection B1: convey 2: revealed 3: variety4: suspected 5: potential 6: personalitySection C1: 1: to 2: under 3: as 4: in 5: of 6: toⅢ1: everywhere 2: get up 3: enjoy 4: schedule5: while 6: daily 7: since 8: in touch with 9: use10: communicateⅤ 25314Text BⅠSection A1: N 2: Y 3: Y 4: N 5: Y 6: NⅡSection A1: traditional 2: reliant 3: novel 4: consume5: option 6: impatientSection B1: simplified 2: evolved 3: tremendous 4: interaction 5: declined 6: standardSection C1: on 2: with 3: to 4: up 5: In 6:onⅣ Section B1: both 2: For example 3: Similarly 4: A second way 4: In the same way 5: Thirdly 6: Likewise 7: alsoUnit 12 A Break from LifeText AⅠ1-5: ADBADⅡSection A1: awareness 2: resemblance 3: permission4: emotional 5: settlement 6: justificationSection B1: subsided 2: manufactured 3: subsiding4: refreshed 5: symptoms 6: nurturedSection C1: up 2: with 3: to 4: away 5: out 6: setⅢ1: In addition 2: Unfortunately 3: one4: get out of 5: physically 6: through 7: free8: either 9: positive 10: rather thanⅤ 24135Text BⅠSection A1: Y 2: N 3: N 4: Y 5: Y 6: YⅡSection A1: capability 2: combination 3: adjustment4: ignorant 5: hurtful 6: permanentlySection B1: verifying 2: varying 3: embarrassed4: criticized 5: tempt 6: prejudiceSection C1: down 2: to 3: about 4: with 5: through 6: of Ⅳ Section B1: For one thing 2: Even after 3: second4: In addition 5: thus 6: though7: On the other hand 8: Only whenSelf-Assessment 31- 5:ACABA 6-10: ABBAA11-15: ABCAD16-20: BDAFE 21-25: BDCAE26-30: FCEBA31-35: BFHDA 36-40: JLIKE41: dissatisfaction 42: balanced 43: healthy44: vigorous 45: shameful 46: failure47: perception 48: comfortable 49: impossible 50: fulfilled。

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第一部分：阅读判断1. ［解析］文章第一段中提到了应聘者提出的几个问题：What are my...my hobbies ，由此可以看出他们关注的更多是公司给予的“假期”待遇，而非工作本身带来的经历、价值和成长空间等。

所以题干的说法是正确的。

答案为A。

2. ［解析］第二段第一句就说到Good work…work experie nee,即好的工作态度、习惯和技术来自工作经历而非在学校可以学到。

所以题干说法是错误的。

答案为B。

3. ［解析］第二段第三行讲到I would enter our barnyard…the milking barn，即需要给10至12 只奶牛挤奶，至于说是不是一共有12 头牛，或者父母会帮忙给余下的其他奶牛挤奶，文章并未提及。

答案为C。

4 . ［解析］第二段最后讲到父母每天早晨都会对奶牛问好，Good 's good to seeyou!然后后面提到I did n't feel quite the same way，这说明作者和父母的感受不同，不愿意清早起床挤牛奶。

答案为A。

5. ［解析］第三段最后一句提到It made me...to the road,所以作者是将牛奶捅提到路边等待。

牛奶厂的人来接货，而没提到运到集市去卖。

答案为C。

6. ［解析］第四段首句提到My father and mother...helped me with milking the eows ，即我的父母经常帮我一起挤牛奶，所以题干中说“我经常独自一人挤牛奶”是错误的。

答案为B。

7. ［解析］第四段倒数第二句指出To my father...as it may seem ，即对于父亲来说，挤牛奶看上去并没有那么复杂。

unsophisticated意为不复杂的、简单的，与complicated （复杂的）语义相反。

因此题干说法是错误的。

答案为B。

8. ［解析］第四段第二行指出But Father...needed to be milked,意为奶牛也需要被挤奶，和题干含义吻合。

答案为A。

9. ［解析］通过第四段讲到父亲对待日常很重复性的挤牛奶的工作的态度,不认为那是一种负担,认为那不仅仅是一项工作,也是一项服务。

父亲的哲学态度感染了作者，因此第五段讲到了作者对生活和工作的态度的转变；认识到每种工作都有其意义所在(all honest work is honorable)，所以题干的说法虽然文中并没有直接显示出，但是通过内容可以推测出来。

答案为A。

10. ［解析］第五段最后一句给出了答案，Self-confidence and empowerment can serve us well即卩Self-c on fide nee禾口empowerme nt会在我们的工作中和生活中帮助我们。

因此题干的说法是正确的。

答案为A。

第二部分：阅读选择11. ［解析］第一段讲了9 41事故中，Avremel冒着生命危险，在所有人都逃离大厦的时候，陪伴着自己瘫痪的朋友兼同事Ed Beyea结果两人都失去了生命(Both men lost their lives)。

答案为D。

12. ［解析］第四段提到They both loved books and music即两人都喜欢书籍和音乐，与 B 项内容吻合。

答案为B。

13. ［解析］第三段开头提到Ed became disabled after a diving accident 即Ed是在跳水中出了事故，而并非driving (驾驶)，所以C项是错误的。

B项意为Avremel年轻的时候喜欢跳水，文中无相关信息。

A项意为Avremel在工作后照顾Ed的生活，文中也无相关信息。

D项意为Ed无法独自下楼，文中提到Ed 四肢瘫痪，所以肯定是无法独自下楼，此项可由文中内容推测出。

答案为D。

14. ［解析］第五段讲到Ed想等到救援人员来将其安全救出，因为任何人如果想带着四肢残疾的他逃命都会很危险。

Avremel 不想他的朋友独自等待，所以留下来陪伴。

综合考虑，只有C项最符合。

答案为C。

15. ［解析］9 11事件之后，布什进行了国家祈祷的演讲。

address可表示演讲、演说。

因此只有A项符合。

答案为A。

第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子16. ［解析］第一段首句给出了我们相关的信息，Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention at …in o即错a误会给我们一种集中精力和直面关键问题的方法。

综合来看，只有E项中出现了关键词focus our attention。

答案为E。

17. ［解析］第二段通过事例讲到人应该不惧怕犯错误，才能改正错误，让自己进步。

A项中的关键词encourage taking risks符合本段语境。

答案为A。

18. ［解析］第三段通过在公司工作的情况，展现出没有正确与错误标准的公司不会有任何的进步和进展。

所以结尾总结出只有在人们推动事情有所进展的时候，错误才会出现。

与F项中含义相符。

答案为F。

19. ［解析］第四段是对“错误”的意义的论述，承认错误可以让我们知道自己真正所想，可以给我们机会来说出真来弥补(When we own up...to fix it)，所以B项最符合本空。

答案为B。

22. ［解析］第二段第二句指出一个从来不写作的作家，永远不用担心得到负面的评论( The writer who never...negative reviews)。

criticized 与negative reviews 语义一致。

答案为E。

23. ［解析］第二段最后两句讲到有效率的人从来不制定有错误的目标，相反，他们接受在达到，目标时出现错误的风险( Effective people don't set...the risk of error)。

因此D项符合本空含义。

答案为D。

24. ［解析］第三段最后一句指出只有人们在真正投入到工作中让事情有所进展的时候，错误才会发生( Mistakes can happen only when...making things work),(本教材有误，C和F项一样，因此本题两个答案均符合)答案为C/F。

25. ［解析］最后一段第二句指出我们从错误中得到的教训会伴随我们终生( The lessons we learn...for a lifetime)。

因此只有 A 项符合。

答案为A。

第四部分：填句补文26. ［解析］第二段第二句中的关键词develop 可以给我们一些提示。

只有F项中出现了这个单词，F项意为提高自信是一件很困难的事情，尤其是在你没有自信或只有很少自信的时候。

与后文的这会花费很长的时间，但是……语义街接。

答案为F。

27. ［解析］第三段开始讲到几个需要自信可以成功的事例。

下面的三段分别列举了如何变得自信的方法，所以A项的关键词a few basic tips符合了本段承上启下的作用。

答案为A。

28. ［解析］本空后面句子的主语为they，谓语为deal with，可知本空的主语应为表示人的第三人称复数的形式，由此可在剩下的B至E项中排除B项（主语为单数）、C项（主语为物）和E项（主语为第一人称）。

答案为D。

29. ［解析］本空后面为一个祈侠句，意为不要害怕失败。

因此前面的句子也可以是一个祈使句来构成前后平行。

C项符合祈使句的形式，意为尝试可以刺激你的新鲜事物”。

在语义上与前后一致。

答案为C。

30. ［解析］最后一段中说到使用催眠方法来提高自信的方法，只有B项中出现了关键词Hyp nosis （催眠），由此可以判断只有B项符合。

答案为B。

第五部分：填词补文31. ［解析］此处需填入一个形容词修饰名词word。

给出的选项中只有successfuI和single,综合语境应选择single （单个的）。

本句意为：我注意到一个单词就可以挑起他们的情绪。

答案为H。

32. ［解析］本空缺少谓语动词，begin with是指以••…开头，符合句意。

答案为D。

33. ［解析］本空缺少谓语动词，come from 意为源于、来自于，符合题意。

答案为C。

34. ［解析］本空缺少宾语，应选择名词形式。

根据语境，应选择wonders （奇迹）。

本句意为：极力赞扬的话语可以让自我受到伤害的孩子或伴侣有奇迹产生。

答案为A。

35. ［解析］本空位于介词of后面，应为名词或动名词形式。

后面紧跟了两个名词appreciation （欣赏、感谢）和gratitude （感激），均为褒义色彩的名词，所以可选用备选项中的praise （赞扬），符合语境。

答案为K。

36. ［解析］本空缺少动词。

offer opportunities 意为提供机会或机遇，为常见搭配，也符合本题语境。

答案为L。

37. ［解析］本空可与how搭配，意为多么••…,因此也应为形容词与strong 并列。

备选项中可选用successfu（l 成功的），符合句意。

答案为F。

38. ［解析］本空需要一个副词修饰动词praises,可选用always （经常、通常）。

答案为E。

39. ［解析］本空缺少谓语动词，根据前半句的含义：但是我们都喜爱他并愿意见到他，可知后面应选择treasure （作动词时意为珍重、重视）。

答案为J。

40. ［解析］本空缺少宾语，剩余项中可选择doubt，其后跟that从句，引导“怀疑”的内容，且符合句意。

答案为B。

第六部分：完形补文41. ［解析］helpdo sth.意为帮助做某事，help后面可跟动词原形。

courage是名词形式，意为勇气。

其动词形式为加前缀en-，变为encourage （鼓励）。

答案为encourage。

42. ［解析］be动词后可选用形容词，因为本句不涉及被动语态和进行时。

care是动词，意为小心、注意，其形容词形式为加后缀-ful变为careful，意为小心的、仔细的，符合题意。

答案为careful 。

45.［解析］此处需要形容词修饰名词spokesman train为动词形式，其形容词为traIned，意为经过训练的、受训的。

答案为traIned。

46. ［解析］此处需填入名词形式。

impress加后缀-ion，之后变为impression, 意为印象、形象，符合题意。

答案为impression。

47. ［解析］此处需要形容词修饰名词materials，因此应填入动词communicate 的名词形式communication 来作定语。

communication materials 意为沟通材料。

同时本段第三行也出现了此短语。

答案为communication。

48. ［解析］be动词后需填入形容词。

动词respect的形容词形式有两种：respectful （意为恭敬的、有礼貌的）和respectable （令人尊敬的）。

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