英语常用修辞格的翻译
修辞格翻译
拟人（Personification） 拟人（Personification）
拟人就是把动物和没有生命的事物当成有思想感 情的人类来描写，甚至让它们具有人的行为。这 些事物可以是无生命的实体，还可以是抽象的概 念， 如：a smiling moon（微笑的月亮），a 如：a moon（微笑的月亮），a crying city（哭泣的城市），to strangle justice city（哭泣的城市），to （扼杀正义）等。 英汉两种语言中都有这种修辞手法，在翻译的时 候一般可采取直译的方法再现原文的生动形象。
3）We must work to live, and they give us such mean wages that we die. (Oscar Wilde, The Young King) King) 我们不得不做工来养活自己，可是他们只给我们那么少的 工钱，我们简直活不下去。 （巴金译） 4）Nay, he said—yes you did—deny it if you can, that said— did— you would not have confessed the truth, though master had cut you to pieces. (Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling) Foundling) 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 他还说——你是这么说的，有本事你就抵赖好了。你还说， 就是老师把你剁成肉酱，你也绝不招出实情。（萧乾译）
修辞格翻译（2 修辞格翻译（2）
转喻（Metonymy） 转喻（Metonymy）
转喻就是借与人或事物有关联的事物来指代人或事物。根 据上下文，既可以直译，也 可以意译。首先请看下面的例句： 1）Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? 生命当真如此可贵，和平当真如此甜蜜，竟值得以枷锁和 奴役为代价去换取吗？ 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 在这里，chains（枷锁）指代“束缚”，直译既可以保留 原文的感染力，又可以为读者理解。但并不是在所有情况 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John 下直译都是最好选择，例如：John spent many years in chains beforehe saw his family again. Chains 在这里指 代“囚禁”，若译成“约翰在枷锁中过了许多年才又见到 他的家人”则嫌不够自然，可意译成“约翰在监牢里呆了 很多年才又见到他的家人”。
第九讲 修辞格的翻译2
双关；Pun
1）美国作家海明威的小说名 A Farewell to Arms 中的 “arms”一语双关，第一层意思为 “武器”， 代表帝国主义战争，第二层意思为 “手臂”，代表 拥抱与爱情，该词点出了他这部作品的双重主题。 此书有两个汉译本，一本把书名译为《永别了，武 器》，另一本处理成《战地春梦》，在体现书名里 的双关语这一点上，后一种译法更为恰切：“战” 与 “春”分别译出原文 arms 的两层意思。
顶真；Anadiplosis 1) 有个农村叫张家庄 张家庄 张家庄，张家庄 张木匠。 张家庄 张家庄有个张木匠 张木匠 张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞娥 小飞娥”。小 张木匠 小飞娥 小 飞娥生了个女儿叫艾艾。（赵树理：《登 飞娥 记》）There was a village called Zhangjia Village，where lived Carpenter Zhang，who had a good wife，nicknamed Little Moห้องสมุดไป่ตู้h， who gave birth to a girl called Ai’ai.
脚韵 （Rhyme） 1) 饭来张口，衣来伸手 口 手 have only to open one’s mouth to be fed and hold out one’s hands to be dressed ---- lead an easy life 2) 秦时明月汉时关， 关 万里长征人未还。（王昌龄：《从军行〈之三〉》） 还 The age-old moon still shines o’er the ancient Great Wall， But our frontier guardsmen have not come back at all.
汉英翻译修辞格翻译
e.g. The thirsty soil drank in the rain. 干燥的土壤大口大口地喝着雨水。
6）A群nn山a肃wa立s，gi江ve河n a挥b泪la，ck辽m阔ar的k l祖as国t w大ee地k沉fo浸r b在ei巨ng大la的te悲 f痛or之w中or。k.
e.g. 樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。
The pathways red with cherry blossoms;
The lakeside green with willow trees. Beauty, strength, youth, are flowers but fading seen;
Duty, faith, love, are roots, and every green.
然而悲惨的皱纹，却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。 7）WeMaisrernaobtlegwoirningktloeslebt ehgimanbtroinagpspheaamr beeotwn eoeunr theiasm.
eye-brows and round his mouth.
LOGO
如H.呼e.g告.祖A国po啊str，op可he见你是一切神圣美丽东西的总称！你不能不 让人乐于为你生，勇于为你而死，为了你而奋发前进！
I came, I saw, I conquered.
我只身前往，我明察秋毫，我旗开得胜。
LOGO
如2.在意英译汉法两种语言中不少辞格利用了各自语言的特点，要译成另
一种语言相当困难，这类辞格之所以难译，是因为他们的语法语
音语言形式不为译文读者所接受。这种情况犹见于汉译英。
英语修辞的翻译
提喻 （synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎，挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖，试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯，一边 尖声狂叫，要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾，可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨，岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾（Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉（Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋，但在时间还不算晚的时候，没 有人拉你一把，时机一过，就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻（Metonymy）
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称，而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
翻译中常见的修辞格
翻译中常见的修辞格由于我们精通汉语，所以英语写作中有各种各样的修辞手法。
今天，我将向你介绍20种最常见的英语修辞格。
仔细体验它们，并尝试在您的作文中使用它们:1、Simile 明喻明喻是指具有共同特征的不同事物的比较，共同特征存在于人的内心而非事物的自然属性。
标志词常用：like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
举个例子1. I wandered lonely as astay dog.我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。
2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷，就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。
2、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。
举个例子1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.希望是顿美好的早餐，但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。
2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读，另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读；很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。
3、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.举个例子1. 以容器代替内容，例如：1）The kettle boils.水开了。
2）The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。
2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。
3. 以代替作品，例如：a plete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。
第8课 修辞格的翻译
樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。 （《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》 The pathways red with cherry blossoms; The lakeside green with willow leaves.
2.4 设问（ question and answer)
设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语 气、吸引注意力的效果，并可以起到承上 启下的作用，常用直译。例如： 1 ） Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity. 3) 既然小李已经向他道歉，他应该怎么做 呢？当然是原谅小李了。
2.1 Repetition
根据表达的需要，重复使用同一语句或词语的 修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情，分清层次， 增添旋律美，加强节奏感。 April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson) 四月呀四月， 笑吧，姑娘般地笑吧。 A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes. 一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注 视着他们。
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood? —Song to the men of England Percy Bysshe Shelly
英语修辞格译法(16)
第九章英语修辞格的译法（教学安排：2课时）修辞格(figure of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
翻译英语修辞格力求译文能有效地再现原文的修辞效果，否则译文即使在大意上与原文差不多，也会使原文的精神和风格受损，削弱语言的表达力。
一般说来，修辞格的翻译原则是形似不如神似重要。
要做到这一点有时可以采取直译，因为英汉两种语言在修辞手法上存在某些惊人的相似之处；但有时仅靠直译是不行的，因为英汉两种语言还存在着许多差异。
无视这些差异而采用直译不但不能保持原文中修辞格的神韵，反而会歪曲原作的意思，造成译文语言晦涩难懂。
这时译者就得借助其他翻译技巧，根据具体情况灵活地改换原文的某些修辞手法，使译文符合译入语的语言规范和表述习惯。
大致说来修辞格的翻译法有三：直译法、意译法和直译加注法。
但是，不管采用什么方法，都应尽量保留原修辞格的语言文化特色，努力传递出各种辞格的结构美、意韵美和音韵美。
一、Simile（明喻）simile与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境，使其变抽象为具体、化深奥为浅显、化陌生为熟悉，使描写更加生动形象。
英语simile 的比喻词一般是like, as（……as）等, 汉语明喻的比喻词通常是“好像”、“仿佛”、“一样”、“犹如”、“若”、“似”等。
例如：例1原文：They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails.译文：1．直译当英语和汉语明喻中的喻义和喻体相对应时，可以采取直译。
例2原文：Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.译文：例3原文：Mrs. Macbeth has a heart as hard as flint.译文：例4原文：Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decide, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.译文：例5as cold as ice as light as feather as bold as a lionas rapid as lightening as hungry as a wolf applause like thundersas sly as a fox as slow as a turtle as busy as a bee as dirty and greedy as a pig 2．改变喻体当英汉明喻中的喻义相同而喻体不同时，翻译时需要改变喻体。
英语常用修辞格
常用英语修辞格明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedinto his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳，好像被什么东西叮了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。
)●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？)●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
)转喻(Metonymy)是通过相近的联想，借喻体代替本体。
例如：●My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley.(我的十五位学生读了爱默生、梭罗和赫胥黎的作品。
英汉互译之修辞格的翻译
有时采用意译来翻译转喻更为合适 1) Great minds think alike. （= Great people think alike.） 英雄所见略同。（不宜译成 “伟大的脑袋 所见略同。”） 2) Gray hair should be respected. （gray hair = the aged） 老年人应受到尊敬。（不宜译成 “灰头发 应受到尊敬。”）
3) Her olfactory system was suffering from a temporary inconvenience. （= Her nose was blocked.） 她的嗅觉系统暂时有些不便。（=她鼻塞。） 4) His brother is a disturber of the piano keys. （= pianist） 他哥哥是一个跟钢琴键找麻烦的人。（=钢琴家） （这些折绕句有着幽默的效果。）
现在可知的汉语修辞手法有六十三大类，七十八小类。
常见修辞手法：
明喻；暗喻；拟人；夸张; 讳饰；转喻；省略；折绕; 移就；通感；呼告；递升； 递降；反语; 排比；设问； 反问；谲辞
1. 直译法 ——对可译的辞格，尽可能直译
明喻 Simile 1) 刘玉翠回到村里，就好比是住进了监牢里。 （康濯《春种秋收》） Having returned to the village，Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into prison. 2) He drove as if possessed by the devil. 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔，虽然下自山脚，上至岭 顶，长满了珍贵的林木，可是谁也不孤峰突起， 盛气凌人。（老舍：《小花朵集》） All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance， though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we referto "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" hastwo meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
英语新闻标题的十大修辞格及其翻译
56英语新闻标题的十大修辞格及其翻译人们的生活离不开新闻，而标题则是新闻的“文眼”。
因此，新闻标题除了在选词上做到新颖、抢眼之外，“通常还采用各种修辞手段来增强语言的简练性、形象性和趣味性”。
英语新闻要吸引住更多的广大中国读者的目光，新闻标题中的修辞法的翻译方法就很值得探讨。
简洁(brief)、准确(accurate)、抢眼(eye-catching )是新闻标题翻译的宗旨，力求在汉译时兼顾三个方面：准确理解标题、领悟其妙处、适当照顾译文特点、增强可读性；重视读者的接受能力。
以下对英语新闻标题的十大修辞格的特点及其相关翻译法进行初步探讨。
押韵：押韵包括元韵(Assonance )和头韵（alliteration ）等。
元韵“是指连续几个词重复同一个或近似的元音，求取悦耳效果的辞格”，而头韵读来则很有节奏感，如“Decision and Division ”就是利用头韵来加快句子的节奏，让读者读起来朗朗上口。
拟人：拟人(Personification )]使句子更加生动、形象，让读者产生一种亲切感。
如：Lonely gibbon from Zhuhai seeking loving wife (September 21，2005China Daily )在此标题中，长臂猿被赋予了人的情感：孤独(1onely )；以及人的行为方式：寻找爱妻(seeking loving wife )。
读者读后不禁莞而一笑，自觉甚是有趣。
译文：《珠海一孤独长臂猿苦寻爱妻》反语：反语(Irony )旨在通过发笑达到讽刺的目的。
如：Chr one —Plated Independence这则新闻标题嘲弄的是一个每年只能生产出80万吨铬的小国扬言要完全独立。
用直译加注解的方法来翻译，保留了原语的幽默与讽刺意味，同时，译文读者还能得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。
译文：《铬板式的独立—年产80万吨铬的小国扬言要完全独立》设问：设问（Rhetoric Question ）就是“用疑问句的方式增强语言表达效果的一种修辞方式。
英语修辞格的译法
It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool.
01
“He is really strange,” his friends said when they heard he had divorced his pretty and loving wife.
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、 成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。例如： Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 语法是他的大弱点。（Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士。除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入。） The project is an economic Albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。(Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后， 全船陷入灾难中。)
这些人犹如街上的有轨电车， 满足于在自己的轨道上运行。
Simile
Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、借喻及拟物的特点，即把甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
（1）Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。（隐喻） （2）She is shedding crocodile tears. 她在掉鳄鱼眼泪。（借喻） （3） Mark my words, the first woman who fishes for him, hooks him. 瞧着吧， 不管什么女人钓他， 他就会上钩。（拟物）
英语常用修辞格的翻译分析
quiet, light, fresh ,blind, clear, stubborn, cunning, old ,slippery, busy
明喻 Simile
英语中的simile和汉语明喻基本格式相同，一般情况下，可以照直翻译。as busy as bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌as brave as lion 像狮子一样勇猛as black as crow 像乌鸦一般黑as sharp as knife 像刀一样锋利
英语比喻美感的再现应以比喻内容为基础，发掘比喻美的真正所在，同时致力于形式的表现，尽可能用“形神兼备”的翻译来传神达意。在实在不可能“形似”时，要在“神似”的条件下，竭力用其它方法和手段表现出原比喻的意之真谛、美之内涵。依据这一原则，可采用以下方法：
1 go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water. (Dickens. Little Dorrit) 在杰纳勒尔夫人跟前，一个人的激情会变得麻木不仁，热血也会变成掺了水的牛奶。
少时所学，到老不忘。我赚的不够吃。当我发了财时，我要到非洲去。每个人的生活都有甜有苦。
直译+意译法
1. Most of us are too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。2. Men are April when they woo, December when they wed, maids are May when they maids, but the sky changes when they are wives. (Shakespeare) 男人求爱时如和煦的4月，婚后却像寒冬腊月；闺中少女则宛若温暖的5月，而为人妇后却像易变的天气阴晴莫测。
常见的修辞格翻译 (1)
他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街，横在他 眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. After that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
权曰：“今听臣言，则西蜀有泰山之安， 不听臣言，则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望 之石。抱有这个信念，我们就能把我们这个民 族中那些刺耳的噪音变成一部歌颂手足之情的 美妙交响曲。
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻（figure of speech）
比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体 （vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻 （simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。
英语中种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）
STEP4
STEP3
STEP2
STEP1
这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
Make the hay while the sun shines.
：趁着出太阳的时候晒草。
4.Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
11.Irony 反语
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
12.Pun 双关
例如:
例如:
Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻
常见的修辞格翻译
一、比喻（figure of speech）
比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。 比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体 （vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻 （simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。
张飞听了，瞋目大叱曰：“我哥哥是金枝 玉叶，你是何等人，敢称我哥哥为贤弟！ 你来！我和你斗三百合！” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened and he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him ‘young brother’? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”
后曰：“旦夕如坐针毡，似此为人，不 如早亡！妾看宦官中之忠义可托者，莫 如穆顺，当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”
权曰：“今听臣言，则西蜀有泰山之安， 不听臣言，则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”
英语常用语义修辞格的翻译
英语常用语义修辞格的翻译英、汉两种语言在语义方面都有大量的修辞方式。
这两种语言中经常运用形象性手段来加强语言效果,从而达到修辞目的。
而这种比喻性手段在两种语言中的表达方式上与形象性的比喻上,有的相同,有的不尽相同。
有的形象性用法能为一种语言的读者有所了解、接受,而对另一种语言的读者则显得陌生或不能接受。
因此,在翻译英语语义修辞格时,不仅要注意形式上的对应,更应注意符合汉语的表达习惯。
本文拟讨论英语常用的语义修辞格的翻译。
一、明喻(simile)在翻译英语的明喻时,一般采用直译法,将其译成汉语的明喻。
但由于英汉两个民族的历史发展、生活环境、风俗习惯各不相同,思维方式和美学观念也有所差异,有的英语明喻和汉语明喻的比喻形象不尽相同。
因此,有时也用意译法、变通法和注释法。
如:He was like a cock who thought the sun hadrisen for him to crow. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡,以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。
( simile →明喻。
直译法)Tom was as sober as a judge. 他十分清醒。
(simile →非修辞格。
意译法)He is as cunning as a dead pig. 他像狐狸一样狡猾。
(simile →明喻。
但不是“像死猪一样狡猾”。
变通法)Falstaff : I am as poor as Job , my lord , but not sopatient . 福斯塔夫: 我是像约伯(注) 一样穷的,大人,可是却没有他那样的好耐性。
(注:约伯(Job)《圣经》中的人物, 以忍耐贫穷而著称的圣徒。
)(simile →明喻。
但译文意义不清楚,故加了注释。
注释法)二、隐喻(metaphor)英语隐喻的翻译,一般采用修辞格转换法或直译法,将其译成汉语的明喻或隐喻。
但由于英汉两种文化的差异,有时需要转换表达或修辞方式、或改变喻体以符合汉语的习惯。
英文修辞手法与例句
英语修辞手法12级商务英语1班高腾学号2012224102011)Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.To make the comparison,words like as,as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.For example,As cold waters to a thirsty soul,so is good news from a far country.明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like,as,seem,as if,as though,similar to,such as等.1.In his dream he saw the tiny figure fall as a fly在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下来。
————《英语文摘》2015-2比喻形象生动，把人影比作苍蝇突出其渺小。
2.The old man’s hair is as white as snow.老人的头发雪白。
2)Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile,also makes a comparison between two unlike elements,but unlike a simile,this comparison is implied rather than stated.For example,the world is a stage.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.1.Life is an isthmus between two eternities.生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道——《21century》2014-32.I had the muscle,and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.————《英语文摘》2015-2这里用肌肉代指力气，肌肉的功能也就是出力气，直接用肌肉来代表则用了暗喻手法，加强表达效果。
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夸张； Hyperbole
eg：要做时装模特的话，她可是百里挑一 译文：As for models,she is a thousand out of one.
讳饰；Euphemism （委婉语）
eg：尤氏道：“我也暗暗地叫人预备了。——就是 那件东西，不得好木头，且慢慢地办着罢。”（曹 雪芹：《红楼梦》，第十一回） 译文：“I’ve secretly sent people to get things prepared. But they haven’t found good wood for that thing yet，so we have to wait.”
递降：Bathos ；Anti-climax
把事物按由大到小、由长到短、由高到低、由重到轻、由远到 近、由难到易、由深到浅等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫递降， 英语称作 bathos，或称 anti-climax。汉语里的递降一般是一种 “渐降”，即楼梯式的逐渐下降，而英语里的 bathos 却常常 是一种 “突降”，即令读者措手不及的突然下降，能产生幽默 的效果。 eg：他昂首挺胸，趾高气扬，傲慢无比，讲开了每个小学生都 知道的东西。 译文： How haughtily he cocks his nose，to tell what every schoolboy knows. eg：这起爆炸事故彻底毁坏了一个教堂、两所房屋和一个花盆。 译文：The explosion completely destroyed a church，two houses，and a flowerpot.
把人、动物或自然物所发出的声音如实地加以描摹，这种修辞方法称为拟 声，汉英皆有，但是有着较大的区别。在汉语里，一般都采用直接摹写声 音的拟声词，如上面例1中的突突”和例2中的“得、得、得”。在英语里， 一些动词和名词本身就具备了拟声的特点，融音与义为一体，引起音与音 之间的联想，如上面例1中的 thud 及例2中的clatter。因此，在翻译时，我 们不得不考虑这些差异，适当地进行加工，如例1中的 “突突”不是译成 “tu-tu”，而是用 thud；例2中的 “得、得、得”不是译成 “de-de”， 而是用 clatter。
反问；Rhetoric Question
eg：啊，要是你能体会这痛苦! 唉，可谁的感觉像我一样?（W.S. Landor）
译文： O，if you felt the pain I feel! But O，who ever felt as I?
2 意译法 ——对难译的辞格：尽可能加工
拟人；Personification
eg:每条岭都是那么温柔，虽然下自山脚，上至岭 顶，长满了珍贵的林木，可是谁也不孤峰突起， 盛气凌人。（老舍：《小花朵集》） 译文：All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance， though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
递升；Climax
把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近 到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫 递升，英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法，能够使要表 达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化，因而能增强语言的说服 力和感染力。 eg：事情就是这样，他来进攻，我们把他消灭了，他就舒服了。 消灭一点，舒服一点；消灭得多，舒服得多；彻底消灭，彻 底舒服。（ 毛泽东：《关于重庆谈判》） 译文：This is the way things are：if they attack and we wipe them out，they will have that satisfaction；wipe out some，some satisfaction；wipe out more，more satisfaction；wipe out the whole lot，complete satisfaction.
明喻 Simile
这个辞格在汉语和英语修辞里有着共同的特点，那 就是明显地打比方，在本体和喻体之间都出现显而易 见的喻词，如：汉语里的 “像”、“好像”、 “比 如”、“仿佛”、“好比”、“像……一样”、 “如……一般”等等；英语里的like，as，as if，as though 等等。在翻译时，我们可利用其共同特点， 用译文中相应的喻词来译原文里本体之间的喻词。 eg： 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。 译文：He drove as if possessed by the devil.
排比；Parallelism；Parataxis
eg：我们纵情欢笑，我们放声歌唱，我们翩翩起舞。 译文： We laughed，we sang，we danced.
eg：生产多么需要科学! 革命多么需要科学! 人民多么需要科学! （秦牧：《向科学技术现代化进军的战鼓》）（排比） eg：Our production is in burning need of science! Our revolution is in burning need of science! Our people are in burning need of science!
反语；Irony
使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意，明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意思，从而 使本意更加突出，这种修辞方法叫做反语，英语里称 irony。对这一辞格 采用直译能保留原文嘲弄的修辞效果 eg：以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈法律是多么有意义的例证! ——他们 竟允许穷人睡觉!（Charles Dickens） 译文： What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favoured country! —they let the paupers go to sleep! eg：母亲说：“小家伙又打碎了一个杯子。” 父亲回答道：“好得很!” 译文：—— “The boy has broken another glass，”said the mother. ——“A fine thing!”the father replied.
（三）音韵修辞格(phonetic stylistic devices) 顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创 造出来的修辞手法。
双声,叠韵Alliteration 拟声Onomatopoeia
1 直译法 ——对可译的辞格，尽可能直译
明喻；暗喻；拟人；夸张 讳饰；转喻；省略； 移就；递升；递降；反语 排比； 设问； 反问；
省略；Ellipsis
eg：妈妈让他洗碗，她就不洗。 译文：Mother tells her to wash the dishes， but she will not（do it）
移就；Transferred Epithet
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”（Transferred Epithet），它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”，来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。
明喻simile, 隐喻metaphor, 转喻metonymy， 借代Antonomasia, 拟人personification 反语irony , 夸张hyperbole, 委婉语euphemism, 双关pun, 隽语paradox 拈连zeugma
（二）句子结构上的修辞格syntactical stylistic devices 句子结构上的修辞格主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局 或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。
暗喻；Metaphor
汉语的暗喻和英语的暗喻都不露比喻的痕迹，把甲直 接说成 “ 是”乙或“变成了”乙，常用的喻词在汉 语里有 “是”、“变成”、“变为”、“成为”、 “成了”、“当作”等，英语里常用 “be”作喻词， 也用 “become”，“turn into”等词语。暗喻在翻 译中一般也可采取直译。 eg：简的叔叔是个老狐狸，什么坏事都干得出来。 译文：Jane’s uncle is an old fox，up to all kinds of evils. eg：那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。 译文： After that long talk，Jim became the sun in
对偶（Antithesis）
eg：谋事在人，成事在天 译文：Man proposes，God disposes。
eg：美貌、体力、年轻，就像花朵，终将衰尽； 义务、信念、爱情，就像树根，万古长青。 译文： Beauty，strength，youth，are flowers but fading seen； Duty，faith，love，are roots，and ever green. （from a sonnet by George Peele）
拟声； 对偶； 双关； 顶真； 脚韵； 拈连； 借代； 摹形； 列锦；
拟声 （Onomatopoeia）
eg： 敲了两下门，心上还突突直跳。（梁斌：《红旗谱》） 译文：He knocked twice at the gate，his heart thudding violently.