高考英语语法精讲精练专题 03冠词

语法专题三：冠词

冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,通常放在一个名词的前面,帮助说明该名词的词义，冠词是高考必考内容之一。冠词有三种：定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a/an）和零冠词。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对冠词的考查：冠词的一般用法。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：冠词的位置；冠词的最基本的用法，理解泛指与类指、特指与专指的区别；冠词的习惯用法。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第72题考查的是定冠词the加在可数名词前面表示特指。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题（语法填空）考查的是定冠词the加在代词other前面表示特指；第78题（短文改错）考查的是将定冠词the改为不定冠词a表示泛指。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查的是固定短语as a result里的不定冠词a；第72题（短文改错）考查的是序数词first前面加定冠词the（根据语境也可以加代词my）。

I.冠词的基本用法:

在学习冠词的用法时，必须明确特指与泛指的概念，特指是大家都知道的所指的事物或内容；泛指是指不明确、不特别指明的或者一类中任何具有代表性的人或事物。名词前用哪一个冠词、用还是不用冠词通常取决于名词的类别和意义。也就是名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、特指还是泛指。它们的关系可以用下表表示：

II.不定冠词的用法：

III. 定冠词的用法：

IV. 零冠词的用法：

V.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·冠词

考点规律分析：短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。语法填空主要涉及冠词的添加与选择。

冠词单句改错之真题训练：

1. After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.

2. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.

3. Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.

4. Good health is person’s most valuable possession.

5. Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.

6. There is public library in every town in Britain.

7. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.

8. Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family.

9. Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.

10. Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another.

11. I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday.

12. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.

13. For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘).

14. We may be one family and live under a same roof.

15. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.

16. My teacher advised me to keep my diary.

17. When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival.

18. On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend.

19. And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime.

20. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire.

21. As we all left home at early age,…

冠词单句改错之模拟训练：

1. Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.

2. It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.

3. It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.

4. My friend Mary comes from an European country.

5. Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.

6. In small village like this, everybody knows everybody else.

7. Only few of the children can read such books.

8. For long time neither of us spoke to each other.

9. Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.

10. Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.

11. She asked whether we came from a same city.

12. The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.

13. You don’t know what wonderful time we’ve had.

14. People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.

15. Soon the plane was out of the sight.

16. Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.