英国文学史上-The 17th Century—Revolution and Restoration
英国文学史及作品选读
Artistic Features
Conceit (奇喻): to construct a reasonable relation between two completely incompatible things. (love and flea, love and compasses etc.) Metaphysical poetry uses conceits to express ideas. e.g. He looks like a pig. (normal) 他胖得象头猪。 He looks like a gas container. (abnormal) 他一副标准的煤气罐身材。 John Donne, the leading poet of the metaphysical school, frequently applies conceits, i.e. extended metaphors involving dramatic contrasts.(P113)
Love and flea
… It sucked me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea, our two bloods mingled be; This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is;
c. The split within the revolutionary camp ( the middle bourgeoisie—the big bourgeoisie ; the bourgeoisie—the common people; ) d. The bourgeoisie dictatorship and the Restoration. After the death of Cromwell, the monarchy was restored. It was called the period of restoration. In 1688, James II was forced to flee to France. His Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William, Duke of Orange, were welcomed to England as the joint rulers of the country. This is known as the Glorious Revolution (bloodless). It marked the end of feudalism and the triumph of the bourgeois revolution. After a century of disputes and battles, the state structure of England was settled, within which capitalism could develop freely.
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读作者及作品
英国文学史及选读作者及作品一、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期The Anglo-Saxon Period※《贝奥武甫》“The Song of Beowulf”《浪游者》“Widsith”or “The Traveller’s Song”《航海家》“Seafarer”二、盎格鲁-诺曼时期The Anglo-Norman Period※《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ”杰弗里《史记》Geoffrey’s “History”莱亚门《布鲁特》Laysmon’s “Brust”《罗兰之歌》“Chanson de Roland”三、乔叟时期Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400)※《坎特伯雷故事集》“The Canterbury Tales”《玫瑰传奇》“Romance of the Rose”《好女人的故事》“The Legend of Good Women”《声誉殿堂》“The House of Fame”《百鸟会议》“The Parliament of Fowls”《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》“Troilus and Gressie”大众民谣Popular Ballads※《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》“Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale””※《起来，去关门》“Get Up and Bar the Door”※《派屈克·斯宾塞爵士》“Sir Patrick Spens”托马斯·帕西《英诗辑古》Bishop Thomas Percy ”Reliques of Anciet English Poetry”兰格论《农夫皮尔期》“The Vision of Piers, the Plowman”四、文艺复兴时期The Renaissance1．威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564-1616)1590《亨利六世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”《亨利六世》第三部The Third Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1591《亨利六世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1592《理查三世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ”《错误的喜剧》“The Comedy of Errors”1593《泰特斯·安德鲁尼克斯》”Titus Andronicus”《驯悍记》“The Taming of the Shrew”1594《维洛那两绅士》“The Two Gentlemen of Verona”《爱的徒劳》“Love’s Labour’s Lost”《罗密欧与朱丽叶》“Romeo and Juliet”1595《理查二世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅱ”《仲夏夜之梦》“A Midsummer Night’s Dream”1596《约翰王》“The Life and Death of King John”※《威尼斯商人》“The Merchant of Venice”1597《亨利四世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”《亨利四世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”1598《无事生非》“Much Ado About Nothing”《温莎的风流娘儿们》”The Merry Wives of Windsor”《亨利五世》”The Life of King Henry Ⅴ”1599《尤利乌斯·凯撒》“The Life and Death of Julius Caesar”《皆大欢喜》”As You Like It”1600《第十二夜》“Twelfth Night ,or, What You Will”※1601《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”1602《特洛伊洛斯与克瑞西达》“Troilus and Cressida”《终成眷属》“All’s Well That Ends Well”1604《一报还一报》“Measure for Measure”《奥塞罗》“Othello, the Moore of Venice”1605《李尔王》”King Lear”《麦克白》“The Tragedy of Macbeth”1606《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》“Antony and Cleopatra”1607《科里奥拉鲁斯》”The Tragedy of Coriolanus”《雅典的泰门》“Timon of Athens”1608《佩里克利斯》“Pericles, Prince of Tyre”1609《辛白林》“Cymbeline, King of Britain”1610《冬天的故事》“The Winter’s Tale”《暴风雨》“The Tempest”《亨利八世》“The Life of King Henry Ⅷ”Poems《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》“Venus and Adonis”《露克丽丝受辱记》“Lucrece”※《十四行诗》“Sonnets”2。
英国文学史 十八世纪 古典主义,感伤主义
A. Social background
5. With the advent of the 18th century, there sprang into life a public movement known as the enlightenment.
Abroad
A vast expansion of British colonies in
ended in a compromise between the
aristocracy and bourgeoisie. England became
a constitutional monarchy and power passed
from the King to the Parliament and the
• Puritanism is religious doctrine of the
revolutionary bourgeoisie during the
revolution. The puritans believed in thrift,
hard work and so on, and condemned worldly
A. Social background
3. The press became a mighty power, and any
writer with a talent for argument or satire was almost certain to be hired by party leaders. 4. The social life developed rapidly. in earlier ages: individualism in the 1st half of this century: sociability
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲Part 1 The Anglo―Saxon Period（449-1066）秧格鲁-撒克逊时期1.H istorical BackgroundCelts 400B.C. Romans 50B.C. Anglo―Saxons 450A.D Norman Invasion 1066A.D. Roman empire从albion撤军，teutonic tribes(包括angles, Saxons,jutes)（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此地2. Literature 1,pagan异教徒文学2 christian基督徒文学alliterative verse头韵诗Epic: Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（the hall heorot 鹿兀grendel:a monster half-human）1) Oral origin, recited in court, handed down in generations until finally it was recorded by certain poet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写2) a mixture of history and legend.，england’s national epic 民国史诗Part II The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)秧格鲁-诺曼时期11.H istorical BackgroundRoman conquest,接着是english conquest，最后是normanconquest。
The Norman Conquest in 1066Duke William of Normandy claimed himself William I, King of England.（the battle of hastings希斯廷战役）Kings―Barons男爵―Knights, a feudal system of hierarchy统治集团was formed2.T he languageUpper classes: French, Latin The mon people: Old EnglishThree languages co-existed in England. French became the official language used by the king and the Norman lords; Latin became the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities; and Old English was spoken only by the mon English people.3.The literatureRomance was a type of literature that was very popular2in the Middle Ages. It is about the life and adventures undertaken by a knight.It reflected the spirit of chivalry骑士制度. The content of romance: love, chivalry and religion. It involves fighting, adventures.Subject matter:Geoffrey’s His tory杰弗里《史记》，riming chronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerel verse打油诗体1)t he Matter of France eg. Charlemagne and his peers查理曼大帝和他的骑士2)M atter of Greece and Rome eg Akexabder亚历山大大帝3)M atter of Britain tales having for their heroes Arthurand his knights of the Round Table3.m ain literatureSir Gawain and the green knight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,green knight, morgain the fay-woman3妖精摩根, the green girdle绿腰带）Part III Geoffrey Chaucer (1340―1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1.H istorical BackgroundHe was living at the same time as the writer of Sir Gawain. In 1350 AD, 100 Years' War between England and France.The English won, they controlled large French territory领土. The Henry VI lost it all. He is father of English poetry War of the Roses 1455-1485 AD2.W hat's middle ages like?1). The medieval society: hierarchy 等级制度social system.2). Another important thing in the medieval society is Christianity基督God-centered thinking, mind ideology 思想体系3.L ife and work of ChaucerChaucer lived between (1340-1400). His life is closely41. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry2. Italian 1372-13863.English The Canterbury tales4.The Canterbury talesHe got his stories from various sources, Greek authors, Roman authors, Italian, French, but there is no doubt about Chaucer's originality. He retells the stories in his own way.5The stories are told by a group of people on their way to and back from Canterbury. Pilgrims 朝圣者tell stories to pass the time. The journey is used as a kind of device to unite the various tales Nun修女:Her enthusiasm for grace, trying to e someone that she is not, she cannot possibly be. --Pretentiousness, pretending伪装too much Chaucer has different attitude to different characters第一句：as soon as april pierces to the root, the drought of march, and bathes each bud and shootThe significance of his writing1)it gives a prehensive广泛的picture of Chaucer’s time2)the dramatic structure3)Chaucer’s humor4)Chaucer’s contribution to the English language. Ever since the Norman Conquest the French language was the language at the court and the upper classes, and Latin was the language of the learned and the church. Chaucer6used the native language English and proved that the English language is a beautiful language. He increased the prestige 威信of the English language.5.Popular ballads大众民谣A ballad is a narrative叙述poem that tells a story. It is about particular incidents, usually dramatic. Ballets tell stories-about tragic悲剧的incidents. They are written in a special musical pattern, ballad meter-four meters, couplets（相连并押韵的两行诗）―two line in a unit or quatrain 四行诗__ ababcdcd Characteristics:1)The beginning is often abrupt突然地. No introductionof the characters and the background of the tale2)There are strong dramatic elements. A ballad deals witha single episode插曲3)the story is often told through dialogue and action4)the theme is often tragic悲剧的5)The ballad meter is used. It contains four-line stanza7节，段在英国把民谣当文学形式研究的第一人是托马斯.帕西主教Bishop Thomas Percy,他将民谣收录到《英诗辑古》Reliques of Ancient English Poetry中。
2012英国文学史知识要点总结
A Survey of British LiteratureI. Early and Medieval Literature (Unit 2)1. three conquests2. the medieval period: 476 A. D—the 15th century3. Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066):--oral traditions;--“Beowulf”: the national epic--Caedmon: the first known English religious poet4. Anglo-Norman Period (1066-15th century):--Popularity of romancens;--Chaucer: the father of English poetry;--Ballads developed;5. “Beowulf”--longest; an epic; features (Pagan and Christian coloring; kenning; metaphor)6. Romance--Definition: It is a narrative verse of prose singing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. Romances are popular in the medieval period.--“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”7. Geoffrey Chaucer--the father of English literature/poetry;--The Canterbury Tales: a double fiction; the Wife of Bath‟s prologue; The Wife of Bath‟s Tale;heroic couplet)8. Ballad:--Definition:A story told in song, usually in four line stanzas, with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.--Robin Hood Ballads.9. Appreciation:--from “Beowulf”--from “The Canterbury Tales”II. The Renaissance (Unit 3, Unit 4, Unit 5,Unit 6)1.three discoveries2.Renaissance--a thristing curiosity for classical literature;--a keen interest in life and human activities.3.Humanism--individualism; the joy of the present life; reason; the affirmation of self-worth--Humanism emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life.Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.4.Sonnet:--Definition: It is a poem of 14 lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure; it expresses a single idea or theme. (Thomas Wyatt first introduced it to England)5.Shakespearean sonnet:--Definition: A Shakespearean sonnet consists of three four-line stanzas (called quatrains) and a final couplet composed in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.6.Blank verse: having a regular meter, but no rhyme. (Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey)7.Spenserian stanza:--Definition: Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc."8.Appreciation:--Edmund Spenser and “The Faerie Queene”(written in blank verse)--Thomas More and “Utopia”--Christopher Marlowe‟s Dr. Faustus(Appreication);Tamburlaine;The Jew of Malta; The Passionate Shepherd to His Love;--Sonnet 18by Shakespeare (“Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer‟s Day”): time, mortality, immortality9.The first English essayist: Francis Bacon (“Of Studies”)10.Elizabethan theatre—the golden age of English drama;11.Shakespearean comedies: As You Like It; The Merchant of Venice; A Midsummer Night‘s Dream;Much Ado About Nothing; Twelfth Night12.Shakespearean tragedies: Macbeth; King Lear; Hamlet; Othello13.Shakespearean comedies:--Features: clowns, servants, jesters, fools; dramatic irony; mistaken identity, cross-dressing;--Patterns: The Green World Pattern (Sample: A Mid-summer Night’s Dream)19. Shakespearean tragedies:--Features: characters; structure; soliloquy; traveling; the role of fate/chance20. Appreciation:--“To be, or not to be” (from Hamlet) (Hamlet‟s dilemma)--“Tommorrow, tomorrow,…”(from Macbeth) (Mabeth is tired of the world; bored with life;metaphors:)III. The Period of Revolution and Restoration (the 17th century) (Unit 7)1.17th: the beginning of modern England;2.Cavalier poets:--Reflected the royalist values;--Themes: beauty, love, loyalty, morality;--Style: Direct, short, frankly erotic--Motto:“Carpe Diem”“Seize the Day”--Robert Herrick, Ben Johnson, Rochard Lovelace, etc;--Appreciation: “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” (Herrick; “to seize the day”)3.Metaphysical school:--the founder of the Metaphysical school: John Donne--conceit: an extended metahpor involving dramatic contrasts or far-fetched comparisons;--John Donne‟s love poems: “The Flea”;“Valediction: Forbidden Mourning” (Appreciation) --Andrew Marvell: “To His Coy Mistress”4.Puritan writers:--John Bunyanh: “The Pilgrim‟s Progress” (a religious allegory)--John Milton: “Paradise Lost” (based on The Old Testament) (…Paradise Regained”; “Samson Agonistes”) (Appreciation)IV. The 18th Century Literature—The Age of Enlightenment (Unit 8 and Unit 9)1.18th century: the golden age of English novels2.Enlightenment--an intellectual movement in Europe in the 18th century;--Reason as the guiding principle for thinking and action;--the belief in eternal truth, eternal justice, natural equality ;--a continuation of Renaissance;(Belief in the possibility of human perfection through education).3.Neo-classicism:--A revival of classical standards of order, harmony, balance, simplicity and restrainedemotion in literature in the 18th century.--Alexander Pope4.“Essay on Criticism” by Alexander Pope--a manifesto of neoclassicism;--Appreciation: “A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing…”(learning as mountain climbing;inadequate learning may impair a balanced apprecation of a poem).5.Realistic novels:--Jonathan Swift;Gulliver’s Travels; A Modest Proposal; A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of the Books;--Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe;(Appreciation)--Henry Fielding: Tom Jones; Joseph Andrews; Jonathan Wilde the Great;6. Sentimentalism--the middle and later decades of the 18th c.;--definition: passion over reason, personal instincts over social duties; the return of the patriarchal times; lamenting over the destructive effects of industrialization--Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Gray, etc.7. The Graveyard School--subjects, style;--Thomas Gray‟s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”: structure; theme; (Appreciation)8. Pre-romanticism:--the latter half ot the 18th century;--Robert Burns: “Auld Lyne Syne”; “A Red, Red Rose”--William Blake: “Songs of Innocence” “Songs of Experience”; “The Lamb”, “The Tyger”;9. Richard Bringsley Sheridan: The School for Scandal; The Rivals;10. Oliver Goldsmith: The Vicar of Wakefield; She Stoops to ConquerV. The Romantic Period (1789-1832) (Unit 10 , Unit 11 and Unit 12)1.The Romantic period: an age of poetry2.Romanticism:--Manifesto of British Romanticism: Lyrical Ballads: co-published by Wordsworth and Coleridge--Features: individual as the center of all life and experience; from the outer world to the innerworld; Passion; imagination ; Nature; pastoral; past ; Individual freedom; simple and spontaneous expression; symbolic presentations; fantastic elements;3.English Romantic Poets--Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey--The Satanic Poets: Byron; Shelley; Keats--Lyrical Ballads: the manifesto of the English Movement;4.William Wordsworth--“a worshipper of nature”;--nature and country poems: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “The World is Too Much with us”; “Tintern Abbey”; “To a Butterfly” “The Solitary Reaper”; “Lucy Poems”;--theories on poetry; “Poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its orgin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”--W ordsworth‟s view of nature: critique of materialism; a source of mental cleanliness; the guardian of the heart; the beneficial influence of nature;--Appreciation: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “Tintern Abbey”;5.Samuel Taylor Coleridge:“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”6. George Gordon Byron:--Byronic Hero: an idealised but flawed anti-hero created by Byron; love of freedom, hatred of tyranny, passionate, rebellious, chivalrous, arrogant, cynical, individualistic, isolated, single-handedly, melancholy--major poems by Byron: “Childe Harold‟s Pilgrimage”(Byronic Hero); “Don Juan”; “She Walks in Beauty”; “The Isles of Greece” (Appreciation)7. Percy Bysshe Shelley:--Plato‟s influence; pantheism--“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to the West Wind”“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to a Skylark”;“Queen Mab”; “A Defense of Poetry”;-- Appreciation : “Ode to the West Wind”: themes of death and rebirth; destruction and regeneration;8. John Keats-- “Ode on a Grecian Urn”; “Ode to a Nightingale”; “Ode to Autumn”; “Endymion”; “Isabella”--Appreciation: “Ode on a Greican Urn”: the powers and limitations of artVI The Victorian Literature (1832-1901) (Unit 13 and Unit 14)1. Authors and Works--William Makepeace Thackray: Vanity Fair--George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss; Silas Marner; Middlemarch; Adam Bede--Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice: Emma; Sense and Sensibility; Mansfield Park--Thomas Hardy: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Jude the Obscure; The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge--Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre; Shirley;--Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights--Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest; A Woman of No Importance--Walter Scott: Ivanhoe;1.Bronte Sisters and the Female Gothic Tradition:--Female Gothic refers to the tradition of Gothic writing by women . . . that represents the female experience within domesticity as one of imprisonment, claustrophobia and terror.2.Appreciation:--Jane Eyre by Charolotte Bronte;--Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte;3.Naturalism--Definition:Heredity and social environment as the sha ping forces of one‟s character; to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces influencing the actions of the characters.pessimism; fatalism; detached perspective;--Appreciation: “Tess of D‟Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy4.Aestheticism--Oscar Wilde4. Charles Dickens:--Oliver Twist; David Copperfield; A Tale of Two Cities; Hard Times; Great Expectations; The Pickwick Papers; Little Dorrit5. Poets--Alfred Tennyson: “Break, Break, Break”--Robert Browning: “My Last Duchess” (dramatic monologue)--Mathew Arnold: “Dover Beach” (Appreciation)6.Thomas Hardy--“Shakespeare of the English novel.”--novels of character and environment: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D’Urbervilles;Jude the Obscure--fatalism;--naturalistic tendencies;7. George Bernard Shaw--the greatest Irish dramatist in the 20th c.--a member of the Fabian society; reformist ideas--Plays: Mrs. Warren’s Profession; Major Barbara8. John Galsworthy--The Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property, In Chancery, and To Let.--Analysis: The Man of PropertyVII. The Modern Period (Unit 15)1. Modernism:--theorectical basis;--innovative forms;--thematic concerns;3. Steam of consciousness novel:--Bergson‟s theory of ps ychological time;--Definition:The style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character‟s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.--Virginia Woolf and James Joyce4. Virginia Woolf--“Modern Fiction” (attacked the traditional way of novel-writing)--Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse; The Waves--Mrs. Dalloway: appreciation5. James Joyce--an Irish writer;--Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses--Ulysses (Theme, techniques)6. Psychological Fiction--Freudian‟s theories;--D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers; The Rainbow; Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s Lover--Sons and Lovers: appreciation7. Other important writers:--E. M. Forster: A Passage to India; A Room with a View; Where Angels Fear to Tread; Howards End;--William Golding: Lord of the Flies;--Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness; Lord Jim;VIII. Postwar Literature (Unit 16)1.Existentialism--“Existence precedes essence”--Theme;2. Theatre of the Absurd--Samuel Beckett: Nobel prize--Harold Pinter: Nobel Prize--Definition--Waiting for Godot (Beckett):3. Angry Young Man:--mid-1950s;--John Osborne: Look Back in Anger4. Metafiction:--definition:--John Fowles: The French L ieutenant’s Woman5. Symbolism:--definiton;--T. S. Eliot: “The Waste Land” (spiritiual empitness and emotional impoverishment)--William Butler Yeats: “Sailing to Byzantium”;（Appreciation）“The Second Coming”; “Leda and the Swan”;。
英国文学
1653年，克伦威尔在全国建立起了军事独裁制度，但他 死后不久（1600），英国又恢复了以往的君主专制制度 ，这就是所谓的”王政复辟时期”。 詹姆斯二世准备重新建立一个政教合一的专政国家，让女 儿玛丽的丈夫威廉到英国继承王位，从而导revolution meat three things: 1.the supremacy of Parliament; 议会成为英国最高权力机构； 2.the beginning of modern England; 现代英国开始真正形成； 3.The final triumph of the principle of political liberty for which the Puritan had fought and suffered hardship for a hundred years. 政治自由获得最终的胜利，为此清教徒整整奋斗了 100年。
詹姆斯一世
查理一世
Against this royal arrogance, the Puritans offered another theory of divine right , the divine right of the individual conscience. They renounced a life of joy in this world , in hope of an eternal joy in the world to come. 针对王室的专横，清教徒提出了新型的神权理论 ——个人良知神权论。他们放弃在现实世界的幸福 生活，寄希望于来世获得幸福。
Elizabeth I died in 1603 and James I came to the throne. The government of James I was a despotism based upon the theory of the divine right of kings. In the next reign(Charles I succeeded James I in 1625） the religious tyranny of Archbishop William Laud was added to the political tyranny of the king. 1603年，伊丽莎白女王去世，詹姆斯一世继位。 他相信君权神授，专横暴虐。1625年，查理一世 继詹姆斯一世位，大主教劳德推行宗教专制，加剧 了国王的政治专制。
17世纪英国文学
1.2 Cavalier Poets
• The Cavalier Poets（骑士派诗人）: a group of English gentlemen poets loyal to Charles I (1625–49) during the English Civil Wars, they were known for their light and amorous verse.
Famous prose writers and their works
• John Bunyan (1628-1688): The Pilgrim’s Progress 《天路历程》
• Izaak Walton (1593-1683) – The Compleat Angler, 1653《垂钓大全》
3.1 Restoration Drama
• 从1642 年清教徒关闭剧院到复辟后3 个月剧院开演，英国 剧坛沉寂了18 年。 • 复辟时期的悲剧作家除德莱顿以外，著名的还有纳撒 尼· 李（Nathaniel Lee，1653-1692）、托马斯· 奥特维 （Thomas Otway，1652-1685），他们受法国古典主义戏 剧很大的影响。李的《争宠的王后》（The Rival Queens, 1677）和奥特维的《保全了威尼斯》，都写了爱情与荣誉、 责任之间的冲突，后一部戏常被推为英国古典主义悲剧的 代表作。 • 复辟时期的喜剧相当出色。它们不同于伊丽莎白时代的浪 漫喜剧，而是讽刺性的风俗喜剧，讽刺对象是当时的英国 上流社会。但是它们的讽刺并不深刻，以轻松的心情和偷 快的反讽来表现生活，俏皮幽默的对话为突出特点。喜剧 最常见的主题是上流社会男女之间爱的纠纷，反映出宫廷 环境中轻浮放荡的时尚。
– 1) the diction is simple and echoes the words and cadences[节奏] of common speech; – 2) the imagery is drawn from the actual life yet subtle, the extended metaphors for such images are typically called “metaphysical conceits”; – 3) the form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.
17世纪英国文学改革与复辟
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王政复辟时期最受人欢迎 的作家是约翰 约翰•班扬 的作家是约翰 班扬 （John Bunyan）。查理 ） 二世复辟后， 二世复辟后，被清教徒关 闭的剧院重新开放， 闭的剧院重新开放，英国 戏剧获得新生。 戏剧获得新生。这一时期 出现的风俗喜剧是当时戏 剧的最高成就，威廉•康格 剧的最高成就，威廉 康格 里夫（ 里夫（William Congreve, 1670-1729）的《以爱还 ） 爱》（Love for Love）、 ）、 如此世道》 《如此世道》（The Way of the World）等剧作是 ） 风俗喜剧的代表作品。 风俗喜剧的代表作品。
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“全体人类就是一本书。 全体人类就是一本书。
17世纪英国诗歌另外的一 17世纪英国诗歌另外的一 支是玄学派诗歌， 支是玄学派诗歌，代表诗 人有约翰•邓恩 邓恩（ 人有约翰 邓恩（John Donne, 1572-1631）和安 1572-1631） 德鲁•马韦尔 马韦尔（ 德鲁 马韦尔（Andrew 1621-1678）。 Marvell, 1621-1678）。 他们才智过人。 他们才智过人。喜欢使用 玄学奇喻” “玄学奇喻”，被称为玄 学派诗人。其中，约翰邓 学派诗人。其中， 恩为领导者。 恩为领导者。 玄学派诗歌在18和19世纪 玄学派诗歌在18和19世纪 18 一直为世人所忽视， 一直为世人所忽视，直到 20世纪初，才从历史的尘 20世纪初， 世纪初 封中重见天日， 封中重见天日，对现代主 义诗风产生很大影响。 义诗风产生很大影响。
•1649年1月国王查理一世被送上 年 月国王查理一世被送上 断头台，同年5月 断头台，同年 月，英国宣布为 共和国。因为资产阶级势力弱小， 共和国。因为资产阶级势力弱小， 在当时无法保证英国社会的稳定 和安全，为了他们自己的利益， 和安全，为了他们自己的利益， 他们只好和封建主义想妥协， 他们只好和封建主义想妥协，但 是1660年，查理二世回国复辟王 年 朝想置资产阶级于死地， 朝想置资产阶级于死地，为了自 身的利益， 身的利益，于是又发生了光荣革 期间，约翰·弥尔顿 弥尔顿（ 命，期间，约翰 弥尔顿（John Milton)积极投入资产阶级革命， 积极投入资产阶级革命， 积极投入资产阶级革命 曾任共和国政府拉丁秘书， 曾任共和国政府拉丁秘书，写了 不少文章捍卫共和国。 不少文章捍卫共和国。
Renaissance英国文学文艺复兴时期
• 2). Religious reformation • Henry VIII declared the break with Rome • Catholicism（天主教）was got rid of and Protestantism （新教）became the official national religion.
The Bourgeoisie
• The word "bourgeoisie" originally meant "town dwellers", especially those who lived by trading. By nature, the feudal order was agrarian. At the time of the Renaissance, the bourgeoisie appeared as a new class of society, and the conflicts between the newly arising bourgeoisie and feudalism and the Church became the main social contradiction of the time. Humanism was the very weapon for the bourgeoisie to use in its fight against feudalism restrictions and the dominating influence of the church, which had ruled men’s minds for centuries.
General introduction
• The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. It began in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spread to the rest of Europe by the 16th century. Its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry.
the 17th century-英国文学
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Metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人):a group of English lyric poets of the 17th century characterized by their metaphysical极度抽象 的conceit奇想(a figure of speech that employs unusual and paradoxical诡辩的 images), a reliance on intellectual善于思维的 wit（巧智）, learned博学的 imagery, and subtle诡秘的 argument. The most important metaphysical poets are John Donne, George Herbert and Andrew Marvell.
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2. Elizabethan literature is generally inspiring; it throbs with跳动, 悸动youth and vitality.
Puritan literature speaks of sadness and pessimism; even its brightest hours are followed by gloom.
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Elizabethan literature is intensely romantic. In Puritan literature a critical and intellectual spirit takes the place of romantic ardor.
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Literary Characteristics of the Revolution Period
英国文学上
Part I the Anglo-Saxon Period（449-1066）Social background：The Teutonic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes who conquered the British settled in the island and became the ancestors of the English dwelt. The language spoken by these tribes is generally called Anglo- Saxon or Saxon.Main trend of literature: The literature of this period falls naturally into two divisions—pagan and Christian.The former represents the poetry which the Anglo –Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagas-the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil.The latter represents the writers developed under teaching of the monks.Special forms of literature:Epic(史诗)—An epic is a long narrative poem, on a grand scale, about the deeds of warriors and heroes.Master work:The Song of Beowulf .The Song of Beowulf is England's first national epic and its hero Beowulf ---one of the national heroes of the English people. The whole epic consisting of 3182 lines is to be divided into two parts with an interpolation between the two, describing the deeds of the Teutonic hero Beowulf.My understanding:It is the beginning of the English literature.Part ⅡThe Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)Social background:In the year 1066,at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxon.The Normans were originally a hardy race of sea rovers inhabiting Scandinavia. In the tenth century they conquered a part of northern France, which is still called Normandy, and rapidly adopted French civilization and the French language. Their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, duke of Normandy, began with the battle of Hastings in 1066.Main trend of literature: English literature is a combination of French and Saxon elements. The literature which Normandy brought to England is remarkable for its bright , romantic tales of love and adventure, in marked contrast with the strength and somberness of Anglo-Saxon poetry.Special forms of literature: Romance —Sir Gawain and the Green KnightPopular Ballads—Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.(Robin Hood and Allin -a-Dale)Major writer: Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400) —―father of English poetry‖Master work:Chaucer‗s masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales，one of the most famous works in all literature. In this great work，Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country. In this poem Chaucer‘s realism, trenchant irony a nd freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century.Style and language feature:His work is permeated with buoyant free-thinking，so characteristic of the age of Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes. He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate. He is always keen to praise man's energy，adroitness，intellect，quick wit and the love for life.My understanding:The English literature come into being.Part III The Renaissance(the 16th century)Social background: The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of feudal relations and the establishing of the foundations of capitalism. Manufactories were developing and the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk. The enclosure of commons drove thousands of peasants off their lands and many of them settled in towns. It was a time when, according to Thomas More, ―sheep devoured men.‖Main trend of literature:Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the Renaissance.Special forms of literature: sonnet, drama, lyrical poetry and various types of novel.Major writer and master works and their style and language features: At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist Thomas More(1478-1535) wrote his Utopia(1516)in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people's sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society .In the first half of the 16th century there appeared lyrical poems by Thomas Wyatt (1503?-1542),Henry Howard, Earl of surrey(1517-1547) and others who initiated new poetical forms, borrowing freely from English popular songs and Italian and French poetry. Thus Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.In the second half of the 16th century lyrical poetry became widespread in England. Among the outstanding lyrical and epic poets of the time were Philip Sidney (1554-1586), Thomas Campion (1567-1680), and Edmund Spenser (1552-1599). The latter was the author of the greatest epic poem of the time The Fairy Queen.John Lyly (1553?-1606) and Thomas Loge (1558?-1625) were authors of novels dealing with court life and gallantry. Realistic tendencies developed in Thomas Deloney‘s (1543-1607) and Thomas Nashe‘s (1567-1602) novels, devoted to the everyday life of craftsmen, merchants and other representatives of the lower classes.The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) who reformed that genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works. It was Marlowe who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama. Robert Greene（1560?-1592）was a outstanding dramatist whose play George Green, the Pinner of Wakefield was highly appreciated.The great English scientist and philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) whose s famous Literary work is the Essays. Francis Bacon's works may be divided into three classes: the philosophical, the literary，and the professional works. The principal and best known of the philosophical works are: the Advncement of Learning，（学术的推进）publshed in English in 1605; the Novum Organum新工具，published in Latin in 1620; and the De Augmentis，published in Latin in 1623. Of Bacon's litera works，the most important are the Essays.T he greatest humanist writer of this period —William Shakespeare(1564-1616).William Shakespeare is the greatest of all English authors. He belongs to those rare geniuses of mankind who have become landmarks in the history of world culture. The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism，a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations.No wonder that Shakespeare's works were so fondly cherished by the greatest minds of mankind，and among them by Karl Marx，who regarded Aeschylus and Shakespeare as "the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.‖ It is well known in what high esteem Shakespeare was held by such giants of world literature as Milton，Goethe，Stendhal，and Pushkin.Works of Shakespeare.During the twenty-two years of his literary work he produced 38 plays，2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets. His literary work may be divided into three major periods: the first period from 1590 to 1600，the second from 1601 to 1608，and the third from 1609 to 1612.The first period:1590 The Second Part of King Henry VThe Third Part of King Henry V1591 The First Part of King Henry V1592 The Life and Death of King Richard IIIThe Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》1593 Titus AndronicusThe Taming of the Shrew（驯悍记）1594 The Two Gentlemen of Verona（维洛那二绅士）Love's Labor‘s Lost（爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet（罗密欧与朱丽叶）1595 The Life and Death of Richαrd IIA Midsummer Night's Dream（仲夏夜之梦）1596 The Life and Death of King JohnThe Merchant of Venice（威尼斯商人）1597 The First Part of King Henry IVThe Second Part of King Henry IV1598 Much Ado About Nothing（无事烦恼）The Merry Wives of Windsor（温莎的风流娘儿们）The Life of King Henry V1599 The Life and Death of Julius CaesarAs You Like It（皆大欢喜）1600 Twelfth Night, or, What You Will（第十二夜）The second period:1601 Hamlet，Prince of Denmark （哈姆莱特）1602 Troilus and CressidaAll's Well That Ends Well. （终成眷属）1604 Measure for Measure（一报还一报）Othello，the Mooe of Venice（奥赛罗）1605 King Lear（李尔王）The Tragedy of Macbeth（麦克白）1606 Antony and Cleopatra1607 The Tragedy of CriolanusTimon of Athens1608 Pericles，Prince of TyreThe third period:1609 Cymbeline, King of Britain （辛白林）1610 The Winter's Tale（冬天的故事）1612 The Tempest（暴风雨）The Life of King Henry VIIIShakespeare had also written poems: Venus an Adonis(1592)，Lucrece (1592-1593)，and Sonnets (1593-1598). Among these works, Hamlet is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare‘s art. The whole tragedy is permeated with the spirit of Shakespeare‘s own time. Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare's humanism and his criticism of contemporary life.My understanding: It is a flourishing time of English literature.Part IV The 17th Century :The period of revolution and restorationSocial background: The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history. It was a period when absolute monarchy impeded the further development of capitalism in England and the bourgeoisie could no longer bear the sway of landed nobility. The contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisie had reached its peak and resulted in a revolutionary outburst.Main trend of literature: In this period in literature also the Puritan Age was one of confusion，due to the breaking up of old ideals. The Puritans believed in simplicity of life. They disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period. The Bible became now the one book of the people. The Puritan influence in general tended to suppress literary art.Special forms of literature:In this period in the absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism there was nothing to prevent the exaggeration of the "metaphysical" poets，who are the literary parallels to religious sects like the Anabaptists（浸礼教徒）. Poetry took new and startling forms in Donne and Herbert，and prose became as somber as Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.Major writer and master works and their style and language features:John Donne (1572?-1631) is a more thoroughly characteristic figure of the early seventeenth century. His religious poems and his magnificent sermons reached astounding heights of subtlety and intensity. The searchings of soul andthe horrified fascination with which he contemplated the processes of dissolution and the awful event of death are rendered with amazing intellectual ingenuity and imaginative power. His prose style, involuted and ornate, cumulative and Ciceronian, is one of the more glorious monuments to the spirit of the early seventeenth century.John Milton (1608-1774) is a great English poet. John Milton was the child of the Renassance, inherited all its culture, and the most profoundly educated man of his age. His greatest work Paradise Lost presents the author‘s views in an allegoric(比喻的，寓言的) religious form. The basic idea in this poem is: the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for freedom. The poem is on the biblical legend of imaginary progenitors of the human race—Adam and Eve, and involves God and his eternal adversary, Satan. His another poem is Paradise Regained. John Bunyan (1628-1688) is a great prose writer. His most important work is The Pilgrim’s Progress, written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.My understanding: It is a time of revolution and restoration.Part V The 18th Century：The Age of English Enlightenment in EnglandSocial background: After the tempestuous events of the 17th century, England entered a period of a comparatively peaceful development.Main trend of literature: With the advent of the 18th century，in England，as in other European countries，there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment（启蒙运动）The Enlightenment on the whole，was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality，stagnation，prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.And the new literature current—that of Sentimentalism appeared. Sentimentalism in literature is ―emotion run wild,‖ with emphasis on feeling rather on events and circumstances which produced the feeling.Another conspicuous trend in the English literature of the later half of the 18th century was the so-called pre-romanticism. It originated among the conservative groups of men of letters as a reaction against Enlightenment and found its most manifest expression in the "Gothic novel"，the term arising from the fact that the greater part of such romances were devoted to the medieval times.Special forms of literature: Neo-classicism (poetry and prose), realistic novel and the gothic novel.Major writer and master works and their style and language features:Enlighteners fell into two groups — the moderate group and the radical group. Moderate enlighteners supported the principles of the existing social order and considered that partial reforms would be sufficient. In this group may be included chiefly Alexander Pope(1688-1744), Joseph Addison(1672-1719) and Richard Steele(1672-1729), Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) and Samuel Richardson(1689-1761). They tried to work out a standard of moral conduct, which could be more suitable to the existing social conditions. Radical enlighteners struggled for more resolute democratization in the management of the government, and defended the interests of the exploited masses, the peasants and the working people in the cities. The representative writers of this group are Jonathan Swift(1667-1745), Henry Fielding(1707-1754), Tobias George Smollet(1721-1771), Oliver Goldsmith(1730-1774) and Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816). They stressed the discrepancy between what they called "the proper, moral standards"and the bourgeois-aristocratic society of their age.Alexander Pope (1688-1744)①An Essay on Criticism (1711)②The Rape of the Lock (1712-14)③Essay on Man (1733-34)④The Dunciad (1728)2. Joseph Addison (1672-1719) and Richard Steele (1672-1729)①The Tatler②The SpectatorDaniel Defoe (1660-1731)①Robinson Crusoe1719②Captain Singleton—a novel of adventure, 1720③Moll Flanders—written in the form of autobiography, 1722④Colonel Jacque—a novel of adventure, 1722三、Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) The Battle of the Books (1704), and A Tale of a Tub (1704). The former is a satirical dialogue on the comparative merits of ancient and modern writers. It mainly attacks on pedantry in literary world of the time. The latter is a prose satire written in the form of a parable and a sharp attack on the disputes among the different sects of the Christian religion.Among the pamphlets he wrote about Ireland, the best-known pieces are The Drapier' s Letters and A Modest Proposal Swift‘s tragic live affairs were recorded in his poem Cadenus and Vanessa and Journal to Stella. Before his death, Swift published a poem On the Death of Dr. Swift.Henry Fielding (1707-1754)①Joseph Andrews1742②Jonathan Wild the Great1743.③The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 1749④Amelia 1751William Blake (1757-1827)①Songs of Innocence1789②Songs of Experience1794③The Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns (1759-1796)Most of Burns‘s poems are lyrics on love and friendship. They have a great charm of simplicity. His best-known lyrics are A Red, Red Rose, and Auld Lang Syne.③Burns wrote some poems to express his hatred for the oppression of the ruling class and his love for freedom. A best-known poem of this kind is A Man's A Man for That.④Burns wrote some patriotic poems, in which he expresses his deep love for his motherland; such as My Heart's inthe Highlands.⑤Burns wrote some verse-tales which he based on old Scottish legends. In these poems, he sings of the heroic spirit of the Scottish people in their struggle against their oppressors. The best example of these poems is John Barleycorn.⑥Burns wrote a number of poems on the theme of revolution, such as The Tree of Liberty and A Revolutionary Lyric.⑦Burns also achieve success in the field of satire. E.g. The Toadeater.⑧Poems like The Jolly Beggars are characterized by humor and lightheartedness.Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)①The Rivals②The School for ScandalFeaturesSheridan‘s dramatic techniques are largely conventional; th ey are exploited to the best advantage. His plots are well organized; his characters, either major or minor, all sharply drawn; and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony is masterly. Witty dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays.My understanding: The age of English Enlightenment in England。
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读作者及作品
英国文学史及选读作者及作品一、盎格鲁—撒克逊时期The Anglo-Saxon Period※《贝奥武甫》“The Song of Beowulf”《浪游者》“Widsith”or “The Traveller's Song"《航海家》“Seafarer”二、盎格鲁—诺曼时期The Anglo—Norman Period※《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ”杰弗里《史记》Geoffrey’s “History”莱亚门《布鲁特》Laysmon’s “Brust”《罗兰之歌》“Chanson de Roland”三、乔叟时期Geoffrey Chaucer （1340?-1400）※《坎特伯雷故事集》“The Canterbury Tales”《玫瑰传奇》“Romance of the Rose”《好女人的故事》“The Legend of Good Women”《声誉殿堂》“The House of Fame"《百鸟会议》“The Parliament of Fowls"《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》“Troilus and Gressie"大众民谣Popular Ballads※《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》“Robin Hood and Allin—a—Dale””※《起来，去关门》“Get Up and Bar the Door”※《派屈克·斯宾塞爵士》“Sir Patrick Spens”托马斯·帕西《英诗辑古》Bishop Thomas Percy ”Reliques of Anciet English Poetry”兰格论《农夫皮尔期》“The Vision of Piers，the Plowman”四、文艺复兴时期The Renaissance1．威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare(1564—1616）1590《亨利六世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”《亨利六世》第三部The Third Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1591《亨利六世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅵ”1592《理查三世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅲ”《错误的喜剧》“The Comedy of Errors”1593《泰特斯·安德鲁尼克斯》”Titus Andronicus”《驯悍记》“The Taming of the Shrew”1594《维洛那两绅士》“The Two Gentlemen of Verona”《爱的徒劳》“Love's Labour’s Lost”《罗密欧与朱丽叶》“Romeo and Juliet”1595《理查二世》“The Life and Death of King Richard Ⅱ"《仲夏夜之梦》“A Midsummer Night's Dream”1596《约翰王》“The Life and Death of King John”※《威尼斯商人》“The Merchant of Venice”1597《亨利四世》第一部The First Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”《亨利四世》第二部The Second Part of “King Henry Ⅳ”1598《无事生非》“Much Ado About Nothing”《温莎的风流娘儿们》”The Merry Wives of Windsor”《亨利五世》”The Life of King Henry Ⅴ”1599《尤利乌斯·凯撒》“The Life and Death of Julius Caesar”《皆大欢喜》”As You Like It”1600《第十二夜》“Twelfth Night ,or，What You Will”※1601《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet, Prince of Denmark"1602《特洛伊洛斯与克瑞西达》“Troilus and Cressida"《终成眷属》“All's Well That Ends Well”1604《一报还一报》“Measure for Measure"《奥塞罗》“Othello，the Moore of Venice”1605《李尔王》”King Lear”《麦克白》“The Tragedy of Macbeth" 1606《安东尼和克莉奥佩特拉》“Antony and Cleopatra”1607《科里奥拉鲁斯》”The Tragedy of Coriolanus”《雅典的泰门》“Timon of Athens”1608《佩里克利斯》“Pericles，Prince of Tyre”1609《辛白林》“Cymbeline，King of Britain”1610《冬天的故事》“The Winter’s Tale”《暴风雨》“The Tempest”《亨利八世》“The Life of King Henry Ⅷ”Poems《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》“Venus and Adonis”《露克丽丝受辱记》“Lucrece”※《十四行诗》“Sonnets"2。
英国文学史填空题
1. =Beowul= can be termed England ’s national epic and its hero Beowulf —one of the nationalheroes of the English people. 贝奥武夫（有记载的最早的一部英国文学作品）2. The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, --=( Pagan ) andChristian=.The former represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of =oral sagas= , --the crude material out of which literature was slowlydeveloped on English soil; the latter represents the = writings= developed under teaching ofthe monks. 盎格鲁 - 撒克逊时期的文学自然地分成两个部门, —— (异教徒 )和基督教。
前者代表了诗歌的盎格鲁撒克逊人可能带来的形式口头传说 ,原油材料文献在慢慢开发英语土壤; 他后者代表作品在教学的僧侣。
3. The Song of Beowulf reflects events which tookplace on the=European Continent =approximately at the beginning of thcentury, when the the 6 forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the = Scandinavian peninsula=.4. The old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the =secular=poetry and the =religious=poetry. 世俗诗歌和宗教诗歌。
[整理版]英国文学史及选读知识要点I
![[整理版]英国文学史及选读知识要点I](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/21fa686c30b765ce0508763231126edb6e1a7651.png)
Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)I Background449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons)II LiteratureThe literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and ChristianTwo Anglo-saxon Christian poets:Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphrase of the Bible.Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjectsIII The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗)Status: England’s national epicWritten at the beginning of the tenth centuryComposed much earlierLength:3182The whole song is essentially pagan in spirit and matter.Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatementSubject matterPart II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)I historical background: The Norman ConquestII. The LiteratureThe literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.III. Romance1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England.2. Definition and features(理解)IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knighta late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table.It was a verse romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian roman ces.Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400)I Major worksThe Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem.His masterpiece: The Canterbury TalesII Contributions1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissanc e2. Chaucer –a master of realism3 Chaucer—“father of English poetry”①In contradistinction to the alliterative verse of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonic-syllabic verse.②He introduced from France the rhymed couplet (two successive lines of verse equal in length and with thyme) of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the heroic coupletIII the Canterbury tales1. statusThe Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature2. It contains(1) a general prologue (over 800 lines)(2) 24 tales(3) separate prologues and “the links that accompany some of the tales‖Part IV The RenaissanceI.The RenaissanceFeatures① A thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.②The keen interest in the activities of humanity.Essence: humanismII. The 16th century EnglandIII. The Renaissance Literature in EnglandFigures1/ Thomas More (1478-1535, 托马斯·莫尔)—the Forerunner of utopian socialismUtopia《乌托邦》(1516)2/ France Bacon (1561-1626,弗朗西斯·培根）--the scientist, philosopher and essayist3/ Thomas Wyatt (1503?-1542, 托玛斯·维亚特）--a poet, the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature4/. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599,埃德蒙·斯宾塞)，a great poetThe Faerie Queene《仙后》（1590）5/ Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)—the greatest pioneer of English dramaContributions:He reformed the genre of drama in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.He made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama6/ Prose writersJohn Lily(1553-1606，约翰·黎利) Eupheus（尤弗伊斯）gives the term of euphuismThomas Loge (1558-1625，托马斯·洛奇)Thomas Deloney (1543-1600,托马斯·德罗尼）Thomas Nashe（1567-1601，托马斯·纳西）William Shakespeare (1564-1616)I. status: the greatest of all English authors; one of those rare geniuses of mankind; landmark in the history of world culture; one of the first founders of realism; a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations the greatest dramatist in human history and the supreme poet of the English language—he wrote poems and playsII works①Poemssonnets: 1542 narrative poemsVenus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克莉斯受辱记》②plays(38)tragediesRomeo and Juliet4 great tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth )comediesMid- Summer’ Night’s DreamhistoriesIII.Selected reading①Hamlet②Sonnet 18Francis Bacon (1561-1626)I title：Philosopher, scientist(the inventor of scientific method); Statesman Jurist(法学家）; essayistII. worksBacon’s works may be divided into three classes:a. the philosophical works:Advancement of Learning (1605, in English)Novum Organum (1620, in Latin)De Augmentis (1623, in latin)b. the literary works:Essays( 1597,1612, 1625)c. the professional works:Maxism of the LawReading on the Statute of Uses 用益权法Part V The 17th Century The period of Revolution and RestorationI. Social Background1. The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous[动荡的] periods inEnglish history.2.In 1642, the civil war (English revolution/ Puritan revolution) broke outbetween Charles I and the parliament.3. The restoration (1660)4.The glorious revolution(1688)II. Puritan and PuritanismIII. Literature of the 17th century1.The revolution periodGeneral Characteristics①The Revolution Period was one of confusion in literature due to the breakingup of the old ideals. The Puritans believed in simplicity of life. They disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period.②The Puritan influence in general tended to suppress literary art. Y et this hard,stern sect produced a great poet, John Milton, and a great prose writer, John Bunyan.③Literature in the Puritan Age expressed sadness. Even its brightest hourswere followed by gloom and pessimism.④John Milton, whose work would glorify any age and people, and in his workthe indomitable（不屈服的）revolutionary spirit found its noblest expression.For this reason, this period is also called Age of Milton．⑤The main literary form of the period was poetry. Besides Milton, there weretwo other groups of poets, the Metaphysical Poets and the Cavalier Poets.2. Literature of the Restorationgeneral characteristics① a sudden breaking away from old standards②Restoration literature is deeply influenced by French classical taste. It is a period of French influence.rimed couplets-blank verseThe unitiesA more regular constructionThe presentations of types rather than individuals③restoration comediesRestoration created a literature of its own that was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim was to entertain the licentious aristocrats. The comedies are coarse in language and their view of the relations between men and women is immoral and dishonest.④John Dryden (1631-1670)critic, poet, and playwrightthe most distinguished literary figure of the time(一)John Donne (1573-1631)I ①The founder of the Metaphysical School and very influential upon modern writers②a preacher famous for his magnificent sermons at his timeIII Major W orksEarly works: Songs and Sonnets( written before 1600, 55 love poems)The Flea 《跳蚤》Song: Go and Catch a Falling StarWoman’s Consta ncy 《女人的忠贞》A Valediction : of Weeping《别离辞：哭泣》A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《别离辞：节哀》late works: Religious poems and sermons(二) John Milton(1608-1674)I status ①A great puritan poet②his work would glorify any age or people, and in him the indomitable puritan spirit finds the noblest expression.II Milton’s WorksThree literary periods:①early period: poems written in Cambridge and at Horton②middle-aged period: prose pamphletsAreopagitica(Speech for the Liberty of UnlicensedPrinting,1644 )Eikonoklaste s ( Image Breaker, 1649)Defense for the English People (1650)③the period of his old age :great poemsParadise Lost (1658-1664)Paradise Regained (1671)Samson Agonistes (1671)III Paradise Lost①status:•the only great epic since Beowulf•one of the greatest poems of the English language②ThemeThe theme is ― the fall of man,‖ i.e. man's disobedience and the loss of paradise , with its cause–Satan .(三) John Bunyan1628—1688I status•He received spiritual independence from the Reformation•the chief Puritan writer of prose•He gave us the only great allegory ——The Pilgrim’s ProgressII The Pilg rim’s Progress (1678)①It is about Christian’s journey from his hometown ―the city of Destruction‖ to the ―Celestial City‖, and his experiences and adventures on his journey.It depicts the pilgrimage of a human soul in search of Salvation.②It was written in the form of allegory and dream.③Christian’s journey in 10 stages (scenes)Slough of DespondThe House of InterpreterThe Hill of DifficultyHouse BeautifulV alley of HumiliationThe valley of the Shadow of DeathV anity FairDoubting CastleThe Delectable MountainsCelestial City④vanity fair•V anity Fair is one of the most remarkable passages of The Pilgrim’s Progress•―V anity‖ means ―emptiness‖ or ―worthless‖, hence•the fair is an allegory of worldliness & the corruption of the religious life through the attractions of the world•the great critical realist of the 19th century, W. M. Thackeray, employed ―Vanity Fair‖ as the title for his masterpiece that gives a comprehensive satirical picture of the aristocratic bourgeois society of 19th century EnglandPart VI The 18th century The Age of Enlightenment in England（the age of reason)I. Historical backgroundThe EnlightenmentV ersion 1: p 165-166II. Literature1. NeoclassicismwritersJohn Dryden(1631-1700)Alexander Pope(1660-1744)散文《论批评》An Essay on Criticism讽刺史诗《夺发记》The Rape of the LockSamuel Johnson (1709-1784)《英文大词典》A Dictionary of the English Language2. Essays•Joseph Addison (1672-1719)•Richard Steele (1667-1745)The TatlerThe Spectator3.modern English novelWritersDaniel Defoe (1661-1731) Robinson CrusoeHenry Fielding (1707-1754) The History of Tom Jones, A FoundlingT. G. Smollet (1721-1771) satirical novelsSamuel Richardson (1689-1761) PamelaOliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) The Vicar of WakefieldJonathan Swift (1667-1745) Gulliver's TravelsLawrence Sterne (1713-1768) Sentimental JourneyRobinson Crusoe was one of the forerunners of the English 18th century realistic novel. But it was Henry fielding and Tobias George Smollet who became the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe.4. Drama•Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774)She stoops to Conquer•Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)the Rivalsthe School for Scandal5. SentimentalismNovelistsSamuel Richardson Pamela帕米拉Laurence Sterne Sentimental JourneyPoetsThomas Gray (1716-1771) Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) The Deserted VillageGeorge Crabbe (1754-1832) The Village6 Gothic novelwritersHorace Walpole (1727-1797)The Castle of Otranto奥特伦托城堡Ann Radcliff (1764-1823)The Mysteries of Udolpho 尤道弗之谜7. pre-romanticismthe poets•William Blake (1757-1821)•Robert Burns (1759-1796)（一）Daniel Defoe (1661-1731)works1.PamphletThe Shortest Way with the Dissenters2. Fiction (picaresque novel)Robin Crusoe (1719)Captain Singleton (1720)Duncan Campbell (1720)Memoirs of Cavalier (1720)Colonel Jack (1722)Moll Flanders (1722)Journal of the Plague Year (1722)Account of Jonathan Wild (1725)The History of the Devil (1726)（二）Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)I ①A satirist②The supreme prose master in the first part of the 18th century is Swift.II The works of Swift:The Battle of the Books书的战争（1704）A Tale of A Tub一只桶的故事（1704）The Journal to Stella斯特拉日记（1710-1713）A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议（1729）Drapier’s Letters布商的信（1724，1725）Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记（1726）III Gulliver’s Travelsfour voyages of Lemuel GulliverThe first part : LilliputThe second part: BrobdingnagThe last part: the land of HouyhnhnmsThe third part: LaputaIV A Modest Proposal (1729)A Modest Proposal is the best and most famous political satire of Swift.（三）Joseph Addison(1672-1719)Richard Steele (1672-1729)1. The Tatlerstarted by_______containing: news,gossip,stories and jokespublished ______times a week_______small pagesrun about ______years2.The SpectatorPublished every morningContaining only familiar essaysform: The spectator was supposed to be edited by a small club run by Mr Spectator, including mainly Sir Roger de Coverley and several others.Content: comment on books; earnest efforts after reform; Character sketches of si r Roger3. The purpose4. the meaning and influence of the T and the S5. The style of AddisonP 2306. The literary genre of essayp228 L7-L13（四）Henry Fielding(1707-1754)I chiefly a novelistthen a dramatistthe founder of English realistic novel― Father of English novel‖II works①The History of the Adventure of Joseph Andrews and His Friend Mr. Adams1742《约瑟夫·安德鲁斯》 a parody of Richardson’s Pamela②Jonathan Wild, the Great 1743《大伟人乔纳森·威尔德传》the story of a rogue③The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling 1749《弃儿汤姆琼斯的历史》masterpiece④The History of Amelia 1751《艾米利亚》（五）Thomas Gray(1716-1771)Elegy written in a Country Churchyard①T ype: elegy (a somber poem or song that praises or laments the dead)②Key dates: Gray began writing the poem in 1742, put it aside for a while, and finished it in 1750. He was meticulous: everything he wrote had to be just right. He believed that one imprecise word could ruin an entire work. Consequently, In ―Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,‖ he labored on until all the words were right③setting: Churchyard at Stoke Poges in Buckinghamshire, England. Gray was buried in that churchyard.④format: four-line stanzas in iambic pentameter.In each stanza, the first line rhymes with the third and the second rhymes with the fourth.⑤status: one of the greatest poems in the English language.It knits structure, rhyme scheme, imagery and message into a brilliant work that confers on Gray everlasting fame.⑥school: sentimental poetrythe graveyard school（六）Oliver Goldsmith(1728-1774)I ①an Irish Writer②a representative of Sentimentalism③One of the most versatile of authors and made distinguished contributions in several literary forms.II Works•A novelThe vicar of Wakefield 1761-1762威克菲尔德的牧师/威克菲牧师传•comediesShe stoops to Conquer 1773 委曲求全Good-natured Man 1768 好性情的人•A series of essaysThe Citizen of the World 1762世界公民•Poems:The Traveler 1764 旅行者The Deserted Villiage1770 荒村（七）Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)I①the most important English playwright of the 18th century.②His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of B ernard Shaw.II. Dramas of Sheridan•The Rivals情敌1775•The School for Scandal造谣学校1777•The Critic1779（七）William Blake (1757-1827)I the most independent and the most original romantic poetThe poet of inspirationThe mystic and transcendental poetThe most extraordinary literary geniusII works1. Poetical Sketches (1783)a collection of youthful poems.Joy, laughter, love and harmony are the prevailing notes.2. Songs of Innocence (1789)3. Songs of Experience (1794)III selected reading（八）Robert Burns（1759-1796）I①the greatest of Scottish poetMost of his poems and songs were written in Scotch dialect.Burns had a deep knowledge and an excellent mastery of theold Scotch song tradition.② a farmer poet.Burns was a plowman. He came from the people and wrote for the people. He was the people’s poet.③ a pre-romantic poetIIｓｅｌｅｃｔｅｄｒｅａｄｉｎｇ。
英国文学 6. The 17th Century
2. The conflict between the Puritans and the king.
Ⅱ
(a) Literature in the revolution period:
· John Milton
（约翰· 弥尔顿）:
• Metaphysical Poets （玄学派诗人）P.130,Para.4 • John Donne （约翰· 邓恩）:
(3) Paradise Lost: background knowledge
The poem consists of 12 books, each made up of approximately 800 lines. The story is based on Genesis. The epic tells how the first man and woman, Adam and Eve, are tempted by Satan (the serpent) to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge and how they are consequently punished by God and driven out of the Garden of Eden, with the prospect of redemption of mankind by Jesus Christ, the son of God.
What is considered by Satan as “ignominy” and “shame”?
What is Satan advising his followers to do in this part of Paradise Lost?
新编英国文学选读复习资料
新编英国⽂学选读复习资料En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re adingsDevelopmentof EnglishLiterature1.EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature(-1485)2.TheEnglishRenaissance(1550-1642?)3.The17thCentury–ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration 4 . The 1 8thCentury–T h e AgeofEnlightenm ent5.TheRomanticPeriod(1798-1832)6.TheVictorianAge(1832-1901)7.Th e20t hCen t uryLit erat ure–Mod ern is man dPo st-Mod ern ismChapter1EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature⼀．Epic （史诗）Apoemthatcelebrateintheformofacontinuousnarrativetheachievementsofone ormoreheroicpersonagesof historyortradition. AmongthegreatepicsoftheworldmaybementionedtheIliad,OdysseyandAeneidof classical.Be owulf1.HistoricalBackground1)) Thre e Invasions:A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5B. C - 4 10 A.D)B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Period)C.TheNormanConquest(TheAnglo-NormanPeriod)2)) Tw o Wars:A.TheHundredYearsWar(1337-1453)B.TheWarof theRose(1455-1485)a.Anglo-SaxonPoetry: Pagan(异教的）&ChristianBeowulf /worksofCaedmonandCynewulf.b.Anglo-NormanPoetry:Romancec.Poe try in Age of Cha u cer：d..PopularBallads:BalladsofRobinHood2.评价1）Beowulfisanationalepic（史诗）ofEnglishpeople.2）ItistherepresentativeworkoftheearlyEnglishliteraturewith3000lines.3）Itswriterisunknown.4）BeowulfisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAngloSaxonfromtheirprimitiveNorthernEurope.5）Beowulfwaspasseddownfrommouthtomouth. 6）Beowulfwaswrittendowninthe10th century.3.Charactersinthestory:Beowulf:anephewofkingofGents,apeopleinDenmark.Hrothgar:kinGre nde l: a m onster.She-monster(⼥妖怪):Grende l’s mother.Dra go n:a fire dra gon, a m onster.4.OutlineofTheSongofBeowulfTe u tonic(⽇⽿曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill them onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the kingofScyldings(Sweden)for50years. Theninordertogainmoretreasurefor hispeople,he foughthardwitha fieryfiredrakeandwasdeadlywounded,eventuallydied.Hislastwillwastoaskhispeopletobuildhistombintoabeaconfortheseafarerswhosailedalongt hecoast. 5.ThewritingfeaturesofBeowulf?1）Themostimportantisinalliterative(头韵的)verseandinartisticform.Eg：Thus made their mourning the men ofGeatland,Fo rtheirh ero’sp assin g,h ish earth-comp an io n s2）Anotheristhefrequentuseofmetaphorsandunderstatements(低调陈述)forironicalhumor.ring-giver:kinghearth-companions:attendantwarriors whale’s r oad:sea-wood:nottroublesome:verywell⼆Romance（传奇）1．介绍1）Theliteraturefortheupper class2）Alongcompositioninverseorprose,about knights—adventures3）Subjectmatters:about thematterofBritain,thematerofFrance,thematterofRome4）content:lovechivalryandreligion5）骑⼠精神：loyalty,bravely.honesty2 .代表作1 ） King Arthur a nd His Knights of the Round Ta ble :the most importa nt roma nce of the pe riod2）Sir GawainandtheGreenKnight:Thebest Arthurian romance,anonymous,inalliterativeverseItscharacters:KingArthur, SirGawain,theGreenKnight三Ballad（民谣）1.Aballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthe2ndand4thrhymed.2.TheSubjectsofEnglishBallads1)struggleofyounglovers2)theconflictbetweenloveandwealth3)thecrueltyofjealousy4 ) the criticism of th e civil war5)themattersofclassstruggle3.代表作Robinhoodballads四．Ge offre y Cha ucer1.评价1）ThefirstgreatEnglishpoet2）ThefatherofEnglishpoetry2.Chauce r’s threeliterary periods:1 ）Th e first or th e Fre nch period:TheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰传奇》atranslation,popularinMiddleagesTheBookoftheDuchess《悼公爵夫⼈》 , thebest w orkofthe t im e Chauce r’s literarycare er 2）ThesecondortheItalianperiod: TroilusandCriseyde《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》apoemofalovestory3）ThethirdortheEnglishperiod,hisbestperiod:TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》,ismasterpieceandarepresentativeworksof theMiddleAges.The Ca nte rbury Ta les1.OutlineIt op e ns w ith a ge ne ra l prologu e w he re w e a re told of a com pa ny of pilgrim s , 3 2 one s th a t ga the re d atTa b a rd Inn in Sou th w a rk, a su bu rb of Londo n. The y a re on the ir w a y to the shrine of St. Thom a s Be cke tatCanterbury.Theysetouttogetherwiththejollyinnkeeper,HarryBaily,whoproposedthateachpilgrimshouldtelltwotalesonthewayto Canterburyandtwomoreonthewayback.But,totallyonly24talesarefinished.The pilgrim s a re from va riou s pa rts of Engla nd, re pre se n ta t ive s of a ll w a lks of life a nd socia l grou ps,knights,monks,widowsandpriestetc.Hisworkshowedastrikinglybrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.2.Ch aucer’slan g uag e:1)Hislanguageisfullofhumorandsatire.2)Hislanguageisvivid,exactandsmooth,amasterofword-pictures.3) He is the first to u se h e roic co uple t w hich he introduce d from Fra nce.4)He is the first gre a t poe t w ho w rote in the English la ngu a g e , m a king the dia le ct of London the sta n d a rdforthemodernEnglishspeech.Ps:1.Wh atist h e?heroicco uplet??Th e h e roic cou ple t is a ve rse form in e pic poe try, w ith lin e s of te n sylla ble s a nd five stre sse s , in rhymingpairs.(英雄诗体：⽤于史诗或叙事诗，每⾏⼗个⾳节，五个⾳部，每两⾏押韵。
英国文学史复习大纲
History and anthology of English literature:(altogether 7 topics, this semester 6 topics; 5th---1900, over 1400 years) The Old English and Middle English period (Chapter 1, 2)The Elizabethan age (Chapters 3, 4)The 17th century (Chapter 5)The classic 18th century (Chapters 6,7,8)The Romantic period (Chapters 9, 10)The Victorian age (Chapters 11-18)>The 20th century (Chapters 19-26)The Old English and Middle English period (5th ---1066, )1 the Old English periodBeowulf：*pagan heroism异教徒的英雄主义and fatalism宿命论are mingled with Christian qualities.#*The poets hope that the evil should be punished, and the righteous will be rewarded.*It’s a heroic Scandinavian epic legend told in the English language. literary terms: epic, alliteration2 the Middle English periodliterary term: romanceGeoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury TalesChaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the Eng lish tonico-syllabic verse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作诗歌，开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。
英国文学史 The 17th Century
III. John Milton (1608-1674)
the third greatest English poet after Chaucer and Shakespeare the most important writer of the 17th century in England the most outstanding poet in Europe of his time
(3) The contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisie had reached its peak and resulted in a revolutionary outburst. (4) The effects of the revolution A. the supremacy of Parliament B. the beginning of modern England C. the final triumph of the principle of political liberty
the influence of Revolution and Restoration A. He portrayed Satan as a heroic character, and God as a tyrant or dictator in the first part. B. On the whole, he justified the way of God to men
The first person who defended the action of murdering the king, and the forerunner of the French scholars of the Enlightenment in the 18th century. 3. the last — the greatest — phase of epic writing (1660-1674) A. Paradise Lost《失乐园》, the most 《失乐园》 wonderful epic since Beowulf B. Paradise Regained《复乐园》 《复乐园》 C. Samon Agonistes《力士参孙》 《力士参孙》
(有答案)17th英国文学史复习题.doc
The Period of Revolution and RestorationBl. During the "Glorious Revolution^, ______ was expelled and William was invited from Holland to be the King of England in 1688A.James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles IIC2. Which one of the following work is not written by John Milton?A.Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC・ Julius Caesar D. Samson AgonistesD3. Which one of the following work is not written in John Miton^s blindness?A.Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. On His Deceased WifeD. Defence of the English PeopleC4. John MiltorTs best known prose work ____ ，as a declaration of people's freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revolutionary struggles A・Lycidas B. Of Reformation in EnglandC. AeropagiticaD. Defence of the English PeopleB5. The epic of Paradise Lost is based on the stories from _____A.The New TestamentB. The Old TestamentC The Ancient Greek Myths D. The Ancient Roman MythsA6. John Bunyan uses the everyday world of common experience as a metaphor for the spiritual journey of the soul toward God in his _________A.The Pilgrim^s Progress B・ LycidasC・ The Faerie Queene D・ Don JuanD7. Who does not belong to the Metaphysical school?A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andrew MarvellD. Robert Herrick C8. is an elaborate metaphor comparing two apparently dissimilar objects oremotions, often with an effect of shock or surpriseA. Soliloquy B・ Allegory C・ Conceit D. ForeshadowingA9. The Restoration comedy mainly provides amusement for _____A. the upper classB. the middle classC. the lower classD. the royal courtDIO. The following characteristics belong to the metaphysical poetry represented by John Donne except ______A. conceitsB. actual imagery and simple dictionC・ argumentative form D. elegant styleCll. In Paradise Lost, Satan says "We may with more successful hope resolve/To wage by force or guile eternal war,/Irreconcilable to our grand Foe". What does the "Eternal war” mean?A.To remove God from his throneB.To burn the Heaven downC.To corrupt God，s creation of man and woman一Adam and EveD.To beguile into a snake to threaten man5s lifeC12・ Paradise Lost is ___ masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against GocTs authorityA. John DonneB. Christopher MarloweC. John MiltonD. Spenser D13. The following description fits into Milton except _____________A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylist and master of blank verseD.a kind of elegant and refine styleC14. ____ is the most successful religious allegory in the English languageA. Genesis AB. The Holy WarC・ The Pilgrim^ Progress D・ ExodusB15. The true subject of John Donners poem, “The Sun Rising，： is to __A.attack the sun as unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC・ criticize the surTs intrusion into the lover9s private lifeD・ lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lieDI6. The phrase "to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils'，may well sum up the implied meaning of ______A. Gulliver's TravelsB. The Rape of the LockC・ Robinson Crusoe D・ The Pilgrim's ProgressC17. In The Pilgrim^s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a _______ toneA. delightfulB. satiricalC. sentimentalD. solemnA18・__ , poet, playwright, and critic, was the most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration PeriodA. John DrydenB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. Robert Burton AB19. Who of the following were the important metaphysical poets? ________________________ •A. John DonneB. George HerbertC.John MiltonD. Richard LovelaceAB20. John Milton wrote a number of pamphlets defending the English People. Choose them from the following _____ .A.Defiance of the English PeopleB.Second Defiance of the English PeopleC.L' AllegroD.Il PonderosaABC21. Which works were written by John Milton? ___ •A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistsD. VulpineABCD22. Paradise Lost is _______ .A・ John Milton^s masterpieceB・A great epic in 12 booksC.written in blank verseD.about the heroic revolt of Satan against GocTs authorityC23. John Milton wrote his best-known prose work, ______ , in the form of a speech addressed to the House of Parliament, I n which he appealed for the freedom of the press.A. Of Reformation in EnglishB. LucidaC・ Areopagitica D. U AllegroABCD24. Ben Johnson ______ .A.was the first poet laureate in the history of English literatureB.was a productive playwrightC.wrote a great number of comediesD.was the author of VulpineABC25. In his blindness, Milton wrote his most important poetic works, such as •A. Paradise Lost B. Samson AgonistsC. Paradise RegainedD. The Pilgrim^s ProgressCD26. The main literary form of the seventeenth century was poetry・ Among the poets, John Milton was the greatest. Besides him, there were two groups of poets. They areA. the lake poetsB. the university witsC. the Metaphysical poetsD. the Cavalier poetsE.the Active Romantic poetsABCD27. Choose the poets who belong to the Cavalier group. ______ .A. Sir John SucklingB. Richard LovelaceC. Thomas CarewD. Robert HerrickE・ Andrew Marvell F. George HerbertC28. To His Coy Mistress is one of _____ f amous poems.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andrew MarvellD. Richard CrashawB29. Another school of poetry prevailing in 17th century was that of ________ , i . e •those verse-writers, often knights and squires, who sided with the King against the Parliament and Puritans.A. Metaphysical PoetsB. Cavalier PoetsC. John MiltonD. John DrydenD30. During this period of revolution and counter-revolution, ______ turned with the tide and always placed himself on the winning side. Thus, he has been called a time-saver by some critics.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC.John DonneD. John DrydenA31. Which work was written by John Dryden? ____ •A.Absalom and AcidophilB.Annuls MirabilisC・ Alexander^ FeastD.Devotion upon Emergent OccasionsD32. _____ i s shown in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress.A. UtopianismB. IdealismC・ Realism D. PuritanismB33. The Pilgrim^s Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for ______ .A. material wealthB. spiritual salvationMark each statement True or False1./Satan, as the spirit questioning the authority of God, is the real hero of ParadiseLost T2.William Shakespeare and John Dryden have always been regarded as two patternsof English verse. F3./Between the Metaphysicals and the Cavaliers there is a similar awareness ofmortality, which is expressed as an intense melancholy by the former, and by the latter as a bitter consciousness of the transitoriness of human glory and joy. T 4.John Dryden wrote a lot of plays. One of them is Aasalom and Achitophel, atragedy dealing with the story as Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra・ F5.The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of JohnMilton, in the prose writing of John Donne, and in the plays and literary criticism of John Dryden. F6./While in Cambridge, Milton wrote his first important work, On the Morning ofChrist's Nativity. T7./John Donne's poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyricsand the sacred verse. T8./George Herbert expresses his religious piety in The Alta匚T9./Robert Burton's masterpiece is The Anatomy of Melancholy, which claims tooffer the definition, symptoms, causes, properties and cure of melancholy, i.e.human disorder, especially love melancholy and religious melancholy. T10.In 165& Thomas Browne published another work, Religio Medici, written for theforty or fifty Roman funeral urns unearthed near Norwich. F11./Jeremy Taylor is best remembered for his Holy Living and Holy Dying, bothwritten to help the Anglican royalists during the reign of the Commonwealth・ T 12./The work that made Izaak Walton famous is The Compleat Angler, published in1653, during the period of fullest triumph of the Puritan revolution. T13.English literature in the 17th century, withnessed a flourish in a whole. F14.The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced a greatpoet whose name is William Milton・ F15./The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is poetry. T16.Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was thegreatest one. F17.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lost, is written in heroic couplet.F18.The peom of Samson \gonistes was “to justify the ways of God to man^\i.e.toadvocate submission to the Almighty. F19.It has been noticed by many critics that the picture of Satan surrounded by hisangels, who never think of expressing any opinions of their own, resembles the court of an abstract monarch. F20.In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, John Milton occupies the mostimportant place. F21./The Pilgrim's Progress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writingproduced during the Puritan Age. T22./John Bunyan's masterpiece ,the Pilgrim's Progress, is a narrative in whichgeneral concepts such as sins, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world. T23./John Dryden is the most excellent representative of English classicism in theRestoration Period. T24.In his An Essay of Dramatic Poesy. John Bunyand showed his famousappreciation of Shakespeare. F25./Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is Ml for Love, a tragedy dealingwith the same story as Shadespeare\ Antony and Cleopatra. T26./The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of JohnMilton, in the prose writing of John Bunyand, and in the plays and literarycriticism of John Dryden. T27.Satan is the hero in Milton^s masterpiece Prometheus Unbound. F28./The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, bymysticism in content and fantasticality in fonri. T29.John Donne was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the18th century. FBlanks1.The bourgeoisie expelled James II and invited William .from Holland, to beKing of England.in 1688.This was the so-called " Glorious Revolution 二2.The Revolution period produced one of the most important poets in Englishliterature, whose name is John Milton •3..In the Revolution Period John Milton towers over his age as WilliamShakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and as Chaucer towers over theMedieval Period.4.During the civil war and the commonwealth, there were two leaders inEngland, Cromwell, the man of action, and John Milton 乙he man ofthought.5.John Milton wrote his masterpiece Paradise Lost during his blindness.6. __ Bunyan ___ wrote his masterpiece The Pilgrim's Progress during hissecond imprisonment.7. ____ Bunyan _____ gives a vivid and satirical description of Vanity Fairwhich is the symbol of London at the time of the 17th century writer.8.About the beginning of the 17th century appeared a school of poets called“ the Metaphysical poets “by Samuel Johnson, the 18th century write匚9._A11 for Love __ is Drydeifs tragedy based on the story of Antony andCleopatra under the influence of Shakespeare's tragedy Antony and Cleopatra.10.In 1642, the civil was broke out in England, and the royalists were defeatedby the parliament army led by ___ Cromwell _____ • In 1649, Charles I wassentenced to death and England was declared to be a common wealth11.Puritanism ______ was the religious doctrine of the revolutionarybourgeoisie during the English Revolution, which preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labor but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labo匚12.With the ending of the reign of Elizabeth I, England was then convulsed withthe conflict between the two antagonistic camps, the Royalists andPuritans . the spokesman of the Revolution, wrote a number of pamphlets defending the English people13. ____ Samson Sgonistes _______ ended Milton^s writing life , the hero ofwhich is Milton himself14.John Bunyan's masterpiece, The Pilgrinfs Progress tells of the spiritualpilgrimage of Christian from the City of Destruction to theCelestial Citv15.The main literary form of seventeenth century was poetry. Among the poets,besides Milton and Runyan, there were two schools of poets:Metaphysical and Caralier _________ poets16. ______ is the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry17.John Donne and his followers wrote metaphysical poetry what would later becalled highly intellectual verse filled with metaphors18.Sir Thomas Browne _____ and Jeremy Taylor _______ have been calledtwo representative baroque prose-writers in English literature for their elaborate and magnificent style.19.An eassay of Dramatic poesy ______ 、 John Dreden^ most famous prosecomposition established his position as the leading critic of the day20.Following the standards of classicism, John Dryden established the heroiccouplet _____ a s one of the principal English verse forms.Terms1.lyric2.epic3.baroque4.PuritanismAnswer the following questions1.How many books does Paradise Lost consist of ? Who are the four maincharacters in the epic, and what are the respective relations between them?2.What are the features of The Pilgrim^s Progress?3.What are John Donners writing features?4.As a rule, an allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: asurface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works and examples of allegory. What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning?5.What is the theme of Paradise Lost?6.Please comment on the character of Satan in Paradise Lost7.What are the features of Milton，s poetry?8.Talk about Dryden，s contribution to English literature9.Tell the theme of Samson Agonistes10.To some extent, we can say, Samson is Milton, Why?。
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The 17th Century—The Period of Revolution and Restoration
Reference: 1) The French influence was most marked in the drama. Rhymed couplets instead of blank verse,. Unities are important.用工整的对偶句代替以往的无韵诗，三一律也很重要。
The comedies were coarse in language and their view of the relations between men and women was immoral and dishonest.
2) The literature in Restoration period was often witty and clever机敏睿智, but on the whole immoral and cynical颓废、愤世嫉俗. John Dryden(约翰•德莱顿)was the most distinguished literary figure of that time.
John Donne约翰•多恩1572-1631 P114
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人)
Writing Styles:①extraordinary frankness坦诚的态度
②Penetrating realism 对现实入木三分的描绘
③Cynicism 愤世嫉俗的情绪
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗): the diction（用语，措词）is simple, the imagery is from the actual, the form(形式) is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）The essence of metaphysical poetry is the employment of conceits.巧智
Artistic features: 1) conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2) syllogism三段论
Works: 1) Song 歌P116 （美女不信）
√2) A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 离别辞：节哀P117 （给临产妻子。
关于爱情如圆规和黄金的比喻十分著名）
3)Sonnet: Death Be Not Proud 致死神P119
Definitions of important literary terms:
1)Conceit:Conceits used in Renaissance poetry mean a precise and detailed comparison of something more remote or abstract with something more present or concrete; and often detailed through a chain of metaphors or similes明喻.
2)Metaphysical Poetry: The poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit 用词巧妙and excess, ingenious structure灵巧的结构, irregular meter韵律, colloquial language直白的语言, elaborates imagery精致奇特的想象, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas.
John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674 P120
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》）
Works: 1) Paradise Lost 失乐园P122
2) On His Blindness 失明述怀p128 (This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best who can endure the suffering best.)
3) On His Deceased Wife 梦亡妻p128
John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688 P130
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
Works: Religionary Allegory（寓言）：<The Pilgrim’s Progress>天路历程P132 Vanity Fair 浮华集市P136。