201506257学术英语重点整理

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2015年高考英语知识清单

2015高考英语知识清单整理人：贺群2015.5.22一．高考英语作文常用谚语格言汇集1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

4.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。

6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

7.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。

8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。

9.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

11.More hasty, less speed. 欲速则不达。

12.It’s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。

14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。

15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。

17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

2015-2016年高考英语(人教版)要点梳理+重点

必修1Unit 2English around the world要点梳理高效梳理·知识备考●重点单词1.official adj.官方的;正式的;公务的→office n.办公室→officer n.官员2.voyage n.航行;航海3.native adj.本国的;本地的n.本地人;本国人4.actually adv.实际上;事实上5.base vt.以……为根据n.基部;基地;基础→basic adj.基本的;基础的6.gradual adj.逐渐的,逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地,逐步地7.identity n.本身;本体;身份→identical adj.相同的,一样的→identify v.确定;认出;鉴定8.fluent adj.流利的;流畅的→fluently adv.流利地,流畅地→fluency n.流利,流畅9.frequent adj.频繁的;常见的→frequently adv.常常;频繁地→frequency n.频率;频度age n.使用;用法;词语惯用法→useful a dj.有用的→use n. & v.使用,利用mand n. & vt.命令;指令;掌握→commander n.指挥员,司令员12.request n.& vt.请求;要求13.expression n.词语;表示;表达→express v.表达→expressive adj.富于表情的;有表现力的14.recognize vt.辨认出;承认;公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的;易于识别的→recognition n.认出;认识;识别15.accent n.口音;腔调;重音16.lightning n.闪电17.straight adv.直接地;挺直地adj.直的;笔直的;正直的●重点短语1.because of由于;因为e up走近;上来3.at present 现在;目前4.make use of 利用5.such as例如……;像这种的6.play a part in 扮演一个角色;参与7.ever before 从前8.even if/though即使9.be based on以……为基础10.over time 长期以来11.in the early days 在早期12.the same as相同于●重点句型1.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多,他们有的把英语作为第一语言来说,有的把它作为第二语言或外语。

2015新课标高考英语重点短语归纳(最全)解析

2015年高考英语最新短语（最全）…(money) worth of sth. ……价值……(接数词)…has a population of………人口数量是………times as big as……是……几倍大…times the size of ……是……几倍大a (great/large/small) number of 许多(接可数名词复数；谓语动词用复数)A (together) withB ……A与B 一样，……(谓语动词与A一致) A as well as B ……A跟B一样，……(谓语动词与A一致)A besides B… 除了B以外，A……(谓语动词与A一致)a bit of 一点(接不可数名词) a bit 一点(接形容词)a bunch of 一束、一捆a certain 某一个(接可数名词单数)a copy of 一份(报纸等)a couple of 几个、一些、三两个(接可数名词复数)a crowd of 一群、许多a developed country (一个)发达国家a developing country (一个)发展中国家a diet of healthy foods 一份营养食谱a fallen tree 一棵倒了的树a few moment later 一会儿、不久以后a few pieces of advice 几点建议a good/great deal of 大量(接不可数名词)a good/great many 大量(接可数名词复数)a great deal 许多东西a group of 一群……a highly-developed country高度发达国家a kind of sth. 一类……a knife and fork 一副刀叉a knowledge of 某一学科的知识a lack of 缺乏a large quantity of 大量(接可数、不可数名词)a large/small/great amount of一些(接不可数名词)A like B… 像B一样，A……(谓语动词与A一致)a little bit 一点(接形容词)a little 一点(接形容词)a loaf of bread 一个面包a lost life in a desert 鸿沟a lot more interesting 更有趣a lot more 许多a lucky escape 幸运地逃脱a narrow escape 侥幸逃脱、九死一生a piece of advice 一条建议a place of interest 一处名胜a point of view 一种观点A rather thanB 与其B，不如Aa series of 一系列的a source of ……的一个来源a third ①三个中的一个②三分之一a total of 总计……(接数词)a type of 一种a variety of 一种a waste of money/time/… 浪费(金钱、时间等)a year and a half 一年半above all 最重要的是，首先要according to 根据、依照achieve one's aim/goal 实现某人的目标achieve success 取得成功act a part ①扮演一个角色②假装act as if 假装(接从句，有虚拟语气)act the part of sb. 演……的角色add A to B 把A加到B上add to 增加到add up to 总计(无被动形式)address a/the letter 写信(的地址)address sth. to sb. 给某人讲……admit to 承认advise (that) sb. (should) do建议某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)advise sb. to do 劝说某人去做afford sb. sth. 为某人承担……afford sth. to sb. 为某人承担……afford to do 能够去做after a time 一段时间后after a while 不久after all 毕竟；终究after that 从这以后(用一般现在时)agree on 在……达成共识agree that… 同意……(接从句)agree to do 同意去做agree to one's plan/suggestion采纳某人的计划(建议)agree with one'sidea/opinion/analysis 同意某人的看法(见解)agree with sb. ①(衣服等)适合某人②与……一致③同意、赞同agree with sb. on that point在那方面同意某人的意见ahead of time 事先；提前aim at ①瞄准②追求、旨在All but A…除了A以外所有人(谓语动词与all一致，用复数)all kinds of 各种各样的all of a sudden 突然(单用)all over (Europe) 整个(欧洲)all sorts of 各种各样的all such 所有这些……(接名词用复数)all the same 仍然、依然all the way 全程all the year round 整年all throughthe(night/year/one's life) 整个……all…not… 不都是……(部分否定)allow doing/sb. to do 允许(某人)做某事announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布……announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布……answer for 为……负责任anyone who = whoever 任何人(引导主语从句)apart from 除……外还……appear to do 好像……apply for 申请apply one's minds to 专心于appreciate doing 感激做……as a matter of fact 实际上as a result of 由于……as if 似乎、好像(引导方式状语从句)as long as 只要(引导条件状语从句)as one body 像一个人一样as soon as is necessary 如果可能的话尽快……as soon as 一……就……(引导时间状语从句)as though 似乎、好像as well as ①和……一样②与……一样好as well 也；一样ask (that) sb. (should) do 要求某人应该做某事(虚拟语气) ask for a leave 请假ask sb. for advice 取得某人的建议ask some questions of sb. 向某人提问(书面语)at a distance 有一些距离、在远处at a great depth 在很深处at a loss 不知所措、困惑不解at a low/high price 价格低(高) at a low/high speed 速度很慢/快地……at a mouthful 一口、满口at a safe speed 以安全速度行驶at a speed of 以……的速度行驶at a time 一次；有时、曾经at first blush 一瞥at full speed 全速前进at least 至少、最少at least…if not more 如果不是更多，至少也……at most 最多、至多at one time 曾经、以前at present 现在at that very moment 就在那个时候at the ball 在舞会上at the beginning of 在……的开始at the bottom of 在……的底部at the cost of 以……为代价at the crossing 在十字路口at the invitation of sb. 应某人邀请at the latest 最迟、最晚at the most 最多at the price of 以……为代价at the risk of 冒着……的危险at the same time 同时at the sight of 看见at the speed of 以……的速度at the thought of 当……想到at the top of the voice 用最高的声音attempt to do 尝试去做、企图去做attend to sth. 注意；对……关注attitude to/towards sth.对……的态度attract one's attention 吸引某人注意力back and forth 来来往往地、(前后)来回地bark at (狗)向……叫be (good) value for money ……值钱be able to do 能够……、有能力……be about to do when 就要做某事时，突然……be about to do 准备做……(不接时间状语，表示将来)be absent from 不在、缺席be absorbed in 沉迷于……、迷恋于……be active in 在……活跃be admitted into universities被大学录取be afraid of doing 担心某事会发生be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕某人(物)be afraid that… 恐怕……be afraid to do 不敢去做be after sth./sb. 找……be along with 和……一起be an expert on/in/at sth.在……是专家be angry at sth. 对某事感到生气be angry with sb./sth. 对某人(物)感到生气be anxious about 为……感到焦虑be anxious for sth. 急切地要……be anxious to do 急切去做……be ashamed of 感到羞耻、惭愧be at breakfast/lunch/supper在吃早/午/晚饭be at the same level 在同一水平上be aware of sth. 知道be away from 离……远be based on 以……为基础、以……为根据be better off 境况好be blind in one eye 一只眼睛失明、独眼龙be blind to 对……视而不见be busy doing 忙着……be busy with 忙着……be careful 小心be caught in 被困住be concerned about 关心be connected with ……与……有联系be content to do 甘愿做某事、愿意做某事be content with 对……满足be crowded with 挤满了be dangerous ……(对……)构成威胁、是危险的be deaf to 对……听而不闻、充耳不闻be disappointed in sth. 对某事(物)失望be disappointed with sb./sth.对……失望be doing when 正要做某事时，突然……be doing 表达某种语气、感情，如喜爱、赞美、厌恶、痛恨、批判等be done away with 结束、结果be dressed in 穿……be due to do 预计……会怎样be due to sth. 由于、应归于be dying for 渴望be dying to do 急切去做……be eager to do 盼望去做……be engaged in 忙于、致力于be engaged to 与……订婚be equal to 与……相等be expert in/at doing 擅长于……be famous as 作为……而出名be famous for 因为……而出名be famous to sb. 在……中出名be favourable to 有助于、有利于be fit for sth. 适合……be fond of 爱好……be friendly/kind/polite to sb.对某人友好be going to do 即将做……be gone ……不见了be good on sb. 对某人好be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻、为难某人be harmful to 对……有害be honoured for sth. ……因为……受尊敬be in (the) majority 占大多数，处于多数be in business 营业be in danger 处于危险之中be in darkness 在黑暗之中(无光，用于指状态)be in disorder 没有秩序、乱be in earnest 急迫、急切be in good order 有秩序、整洁be in great need 最需要be in hospital 住院be in low/high spirits 情绪低落/高昂be in poor health 身体不好be in/under one's charge 受某人管be in/under the charge of sb.受某人管be introduced into ……被引进be joined to 与……连接be keen on 喜欢be kind for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(对人)有好处be kind of sb. 某人好be known for 因为……而出名be known to sb. 在……中出名be lacking in 缺乏be longing for 盼望去做…… be longing to do 盼望去做…… be lost ……不见了be lost in sight 看不见be lost in thought 陷入沉思be made from 由……(加工)制成be made into 制成、加工成be made of 由……(直接)制成be made up of ……由……组成be marked with 被标上be measured in 以……来衡量be missing ……不见了be mixed with sth. 用……混合be not in agreement ……是不同的be nothing more than 只不过是be of different sizes/colours/weights/ages/ shapes 尺寸/颜色/重量/年龄/形状不同be of great/no help/value/importance/use to sb. 对某人(没)有很大(帮助等) be of the same kind 同一类be of the same size/colour/weight/age/shape 尺寸/颜色/重量/年龄/形状相同be of this kind 属于这一类be off 离开be on a visit from sp. 从某地来访问be on a visit to sp. 正游览、参观某地be on business 因公(办事等) be on diet 节食be on duty 值日、上班be on fire 着火be on holiday/vacation 在度假be on sale 待售、拍卖be on show 展览；上映be on strike 罢工be on the march 正在游行、正在行军be out of fashion 过时、不流行be out of order 没有秩序、乱be out of reach ①够不着②无能为力be out of work 失业be popular among sb. 在……中流行be popular with sb. 在……中流行be prepared for 为……作准备(接抽象事物)be present at (the meeting)参加(会议)be proud of 以……自豪be put to a new use 被用在了新的用途上be ready for 准备好做……be ready to do 准备好做……be recognised as 被认作是be reduced by 降低了……(接数字、百分数)be related to 与……有联系be responsble for 为……负责任be rich in 在……丰富be satisfied with 对……满意be senior to 比……大be set in 以……为背景be short of 缺少be shown into sp. 被带到某地be spun into thread 被纺成线be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求be successful in doing sth.做……成功be suitable for 适合Be sure(certain) to do… 确信做某事(祈使句)be tired from sth./doing (身体上)劳累、疲劳be tired of sth./doing 厌倦……be tired out 筋疲力尽be to blame (应该)受责备be to do 准备做……be trapped by (the fire) 被(火)围困be treated as 把……当作……对待be under construction 建设中be unwilling to do 不愿去做be up to ①高达、达到②达到境界、进入角色③从事、忙于be well received 接受效果好、广泛接受be willing to do 盼望去做……be worried about 为……担心be worth doing 值得……be worth sth. 值多少be worthy of 值得be/become known as 作为……而出名be/become widely accepted被广泛的接受beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得鼻青脸肿beat sb. on the head 碰某人的头beat sb. to death 打死某人beat sth. flat 把……压平become a success 成功become separated 分开before all 尤其、特别before long 没过多久(常用于将来时、过去时)begin with 以……开始believe in ①信赖、信任②信奉、信仰belong to sb. 属于benefit from 从……获取利益、好处beyond reach 够不着；找不到、消失beyond that 除了那个以外beyond the sea 在海外black out 昏迷、神志不清；停止、中断black tea 红茶blood bank 血站、血库blow away 吹走both of sb. 两个人都……both…not… 不都是……(部分否定)break away from 脱离break down ①分解；破裂②(汽车)抛锚break in 打断……的话break into pieces 打(破)成碎片break off 折断、中断、罢工break one's promise/words破坏某人的诺言、食言break out 分裂、爆发break the record 打破纪录break the rules 违反规则break up 分解bring about 带来、造成bring down 使……下降bring in 引进bring on 引起、导致bring sth. to one's notice 使某人注意……bring up 抚育、养育build up 建立burn down 烧毁burn sth. to the ground 把……烧毁burn up 消耗burst in 闯进、闯入burst into flames 突然着火burst into tears/laughter 突然放声大哭/笑burst out doing 爆发；突然business sense 商业理念by and by 不久以后、很快的by chance 偶然by degrees 逐渐地by far 至今为止by means of 通过……的办法by occasionally 偶然的by ones and twos 三三两两地、零零落落地by oneself 独自地、独立地、单独地by the end 在……以前by thehour/day/week/minute/month/year 按小时/日/周/分/月/年算by the kilogramme/ton 按公斤/吨算by the time 一段时间前(引导时间状语从句)by the way 顺便说一下by this means 用这种方法by weight/length/volume 按重量/长度/容量算call a taxi 打的call at sp. 拜访某地call for ①要求②邀请call in sb. 派人去请call on sb. to do… 号召某人做某事call on sb. 拜访某人call one's attention to sth. 让某人引起对……的注意call to mind 想起call up sb. ①使……想起②给……打电话calm down 镇定下来can't help doing 情不自禁地……can't resist doing 不能抗拒做……carry about 携带、随身带carry away 冲垮；拿走carry forward 发展、发扬carry off 抢走、夺走carry on 进行、继续carry out one's promise 遵守某人的诺言carry out 实行carry with 进行、继续catch a cold 感冒catch fire 着火catch in 被……困住、绊住catch one's attention 吸引了……的注意catch sight of 看到……caught by the… 抓到某人的……(身体部位)cause sb. to be in such a state导致某人到这样的地步change A for B 用B替换Achange into 变成clear away 收拾走、清除clear out 把……请出去clear up ①天晴②解决climb over 翻越close to 靠近某地come about 发生come across 偶然遇见come along 进展、进行come at 袭击、向……打击come away 脱离、掉下come back ①回来②醒过来come down 下降come forth 向前come into being 形成、产生、存在(无被动)come into effect 生效、启用come off 脱离、掉下come on ①加油②进展come out ①产生、出现②被知道③出版、发行④结局、结果come right 直接come round 转身come to ①把注意力转向……②到来come to an end 消亡、灭亡、分裂come to one's notice 引起某人的注意come to oneself 苏醒、恢复知觉come to power 掌权come true 成为现实come up ①上升②发生③产生④(问题、话题、议题)被提出(无被动)come up to 过来come upon 偶然遇见command (that) sb. (should) do命令某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)compare A to B 把A比作Bcompare A with B 把A与B作比较compare notes 交换意见compared with/to A, B… 与A相比，B……(B不用比较级)congratulate sb./sth. (on sth.)祝贺……(取得……的成绩)congratulations on sth. ……的祝贺connect A to B 连接A与B(单方面)connect A with B 连接A与B(两方面)consider sb. to have done 认为某人做了某事consider sb./sth. to be/as把……看作consider sth./doing 考虑(做)……consist of 由……组成content oneself with sth.对……满意continue doing 一直做(同一件事)continue to do 继续做(下一件事)continue with sth. 继续做某事contribute sth. to sth. 为……贡献……convert sth. into sth. 把……转变成……could have done 本来能做成的(却没做成)(虚拟语气)couldn't have done 本来做不成的(却做成了)(虚拟语气)count on/upon 指望、依靠count sth. at 当作cover sth./sb. with sth. 用……盖住……cover the events 报道事件cross out 除去、勾销crowd off 挤出cry out 喊出去cure sb. of 治好某人的(病)cut away 切下；逃跑cut down 砍倒；缩减cut off 切断cut one's hair short 把……头发剪短cut out 切下；删除cut sth. in half 把……切成两半cut sth. into halves 把……切成两半cut sth. into two parts 把……切成两半cut up 割开；切碎daily goods 日用品dance around 到处跳dance to the music 伴着音乐跳舞dare to do 敢于……date back to 起源于、追溯到date from 起源于、追溯到day after day 日复一日day and night 一天到晚day by day 逐日deal in 经营deal with 处理、对待declare sb./sth. to be adj./n.宣称……是……(接形容词或名词)deep into the night 熬夜delay doing/sth. 推迟……demand (that) sb. (should) do要求某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要求……demand to do 要求去做depend on/upon 取决于、依赖于、依靠describe sth. to sb. 将……描述给(讲给)……despise of sb. 看不起determine sb. to do 使某人下决心做某事determine to do 下决心做某事develop a habit 养成习惯develop an interest in sth. 表现出对……的兴趣develop films 制作电影devote sth./oneself tosth./doing 把……奉献给……die away (气味、声音、光线)逐渐消失、变弱die down 平息、变弱、逐渐消失die from polluted air/overwork/an accident/… 因为(空气污染、过度劳累、事故等)而死die of grief/cold/hungry/oldage/… 因为(悲伤、寒冷、饥饿、年老等)而死die out 灭绝；死光、死绝dig out 挖出direct sb. to do 指导、要求某人去做direct that sb. should do 命令某人去做discourage sb. from sth./doing 阻碍某人做某事dislike doing/sb./sth. 不喜欢……dive off 从……跳水divide sth. by sth. ……除以…… divide sth. into 将……分成do a good deed 做好事do away with 废除do damage to 损害do good/harm to sb./sth. 对……有好处(坏处)do not give in an inch 一寸不让do research on/in/about/into sth. 研究……do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙do sb. good/harm 对某人有好处(坏处)do sb. the favour to do/of doing 帮某人忙做……do sth. alone 自己、靠自己do sth. at the right time 在合适的时候做某事do sth. by hand 手工制作(常用被动)do sth. by turns 轮流做……、依次做……do sth. deep/far into the night 熬夜do sth. for fun 做……为了取乐do sth. in good faith 诚实地……do sth. on purpose 有目的地做do up ①系上、扣上②收拾整理do with 处理double one's output 使(产量等)成倍增长draw a deep breath 深呼吸draw conclusions 下结论draw in ①(车)进站②引诱draw one's attention 吸引某人注意力draw quick interest 获得快捷利润draw up 草拟、拟定dream of sth./doing 梦想drink to 为……干杯drive sb. to tears 使某人哭drop in at sp. 拜访某地drop in on sb. 拜访某人eager for 渴望early bird 早起者、早到者earn one's living 谋生easy-going 随和、平易近人eat one's words 收回某人(说过)的话eat up 吃光either A or B 是A或者是B(谓语动词就近一致)encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做……end up with 以……结束enter for 报名参加escape being done 逃避被……escape doing sth. 逃避做……escape from sp. 从……逃离ever lasting 永不停止的、永远的every one of sb./sth. ……中的每一个every other… 每两个……every two…每两个……except for 除了(用于两种不同的事物)expect sb. to do 期望某人……expect sth. to be done 期望某事被……expect to be/do 期望会……explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释……explain to sb. sth. 向某人解释……export to 向……出口face to face 面对面(作状语)face-to-face 面对面的(作定语)fail to do 失败、未做成fall asleep 睡着了fall behind 落后fall ill 生病fall in love with sb. 爱上某人fall off 掉下fall to pieces 消亡、灭亡、分裂、崩溃far and near 远近、到处、四面八方far and wide 广泛地far more interesting 更有趣far more 许多fast asleep 熟睡feed on sth. 以……为食feed sb./sth. with/on sth.用……喂养feed sth. to sb./sth. 把……喂养给……feel alone 感到孤单feel like doing…/sth. 喜爱(做)……feel lonely 感到孤单feel one's way 摸索着前进feel out 探索某人的意图feel sb. on the head 摸某人的头feel terrible 感觉不舒服feel well 感觉舒服few such mistakes 这么少的错误fight against 与……作斗争、与……交战fight back 回击fight for sth. 为了……而斗争figure on 指望、计划、打算figure out ①解决②计算出来、合计出fill with 充满find out 找出、查明find sb./sth. do 发现……做过……find sb./sth. doing 发现……正在……find sb./sth. done 发现……被……finish off 结束、完成fire at 向……开火fire escape 火灾安全出口fire out ①消沉、一蹶不振②开除、解雇fire up 火冒三丈、发火first aid 急救first of all 首先fit club 健身俱乐部fix a time/date for sth./doing确定……的日期fix a time/date to do 确定日期做某事fix A to B 把A固定在B上fix one's attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到……上fix one's eyes on sth. 目不转睛、凝视、把注意力集中在……上fix sb. sth. 为……准备……fix sth. for sb. 为……准备……float off 漂浮fly over (从上面)飞越fold up 折叠起来follow one's advice on 听从……的建议follow the rules 遵守规则fool about/around 游手好闲、闲荡fool sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事for (political) reasons 由于(政治)原因for a while 一段时间for ages 很久for example 例如for fear that 担心for free 免费的for God's sake 看在上帝的面上for good 永久地、一劳永逸地for instance 例如for one thing 首先for one's sake 为……起见for oneself 为了自己for sale 准备出售for the first time 第一次for the sake of 为……起见forbid sb. to do 禁止某人做某事force oneself to one's feet挣扎着站起来force sb. to do 强迫某人做…… foreign affairs 外交事务、外事、外务form a habit 养成习惯frankly speaking 坦白地说free from 没有、免除from a great distance 远距离from cover to cover 从头到尾from door to door 一家挨着一家from side to side 左右摇摆from that time on 从那时起from the beginning 从一开始from time to time 时常、经常gain in 获得generally speaking 一般来说get across 通过、越过、穿过get along (well) with ①与某人相处(得好) ②进展(顺利)get broken 弄坏了get burnt 烧着了get caught in 遇到get changed 换衣服get close to sth./sb. 与……接近get down to sth./doing 开始去做……get good from sth. 从……中得到好处get hold of 把握住；抓住get hurt 受伤了get in touch with 与……取得联系get in 进入get into ①坐进(轿车、出租车等) ②陷入(某种状态)之中get into the habit of 养成……的习惯get it settled 确定get married 结婚(强调动作)get off ①下车②脱下get on (well) with sb./sth. 与某人(事、物)相处(得好)get on the right track 走上正轨get over 恢复、克服get paid ……被付钱、得钱、挣钱get ready for sth. 准备好……get rid of 去除get sb. to do/doing/done 让某人……get separated 分开get sth. on ……有某事get sth. ready for 为……作准备get through ①接通(电话) ②通过(考试) ③完成(工作、任务)④通过(议案、计划) ⑤消息传到……get tired of sth./doing 感到厌倦get to know sb. (刚刚)认识某人get to 够得着get together 聚会get up to one's feet 站起来get word 得到消息get worse 越来越坏了give a birth to a baby 生小孩give a hand 帮助give a promise 许下诺言give A sth. for B 把为B准备的……给Agive a talk 做报告；做演讲give a thought to sb./sth. 想象、思考give an order for sth. 订购……give away 把……送出去give back 送回去、拿回去give birth to 生产、生育give in 屈服、投降、让步(不及物)give off 散发、发出(气味、光线、声音)give one'slove/wishes/regards to sb.给某人的(问候等)give out ①发出(气味、光线、声音) ②用尽③精疲力尽give over 交托、停止、放弃give sb. a lift 搭车give sb. a message 给(收信人)留/传个信give sb. advice on sth./how todo 给某人……的建议give sb. sth. 把……给某人give sth. away 把……送出去give up sth./doing 放弃give way to 让位给……go aboard a plane/ship 登飞机/船go abroad 出国go after 追逐、追求go against 违背Go ahead. (口语)鼓励某人做某事、去做吧go all the way back to the timeof 起源于go bad 变坏go by 经过go down 下降、减弱go in for 从事、投身于go mad about sth./doing 痴迷于……，为……疯狂go missing 不见、丢失go off ①离去②变质go off duty 下班go on a trip on sp. 游览、参观某地go on board 登(船、飞机)go out 出去；(灯火)熄灭go over to 到……去go over 温习、复习；检查go through ①穿过②仔细察看③经历go to sp. for a holiday 到……度假go up to 上到……上go up 上升、增强go with ①和……一起去②(颜色、款式等)搭配Good luck with your trip. 祝你一路顺风。

学术英语必须掌握的英语语法知识点汇总

学术英语必须掌握的英语语法知识点汇总在学术写作中，正确使用英语语法非常重要。

下面是一些学术英语必须掌握的英语语法知识点的汇总：1. 时态- 过去时态：用于描述过去发生的事情，如"I conducted a research study last year."- 现在时态：用于描述当前的事实或常规，如"Research shows that..."- 将来时态：用于描述将来要发生的事情，如"I will present my findings at the conference next week."2. 主谓一致- 当主语为单数时，谓语动词也要用单数形式，如"The experiment *is* ongoing."- 当主语为复数时，谓语动词也要用复数形式，如"The results *show* that..."3. 名词性从句- 名词性从句可作主语、宾语或表语，如"What he said*surprised* me."- 名词性从句引导词包括that, whether, who, whom, whose, which等。

4. 句子结构- 并列句：两个或多个句子并列在一起，用and, but, or等连词连接，如"I conducted the experiment, and I analyzed the data."- 从句：一个句子包含一个或多个从句，如"If the results are inconclusive, further research is needed."5. 限定词- 冠词：a, an, the- 代词：he, she, it, they, them等- 形容词：描述名词的特征或性质的词，如"important," "interesting"6. 介词- 介词用于表达方向、位置、时间等关系，如"in," "on," "at," "of," "to"学术英语的语法知识点是非常广泛的，上述只是一些基本的要点。

学科英语语言知识点总结

学科英语语言知识点总结IntroductionAcademic English refers to the use of the English language in the context of learning and researching in higher education institutions. It is characterized by a more formal and technical style of writing, and it is used to convey complex ideas and communicate in academic settings. In order to effectively engage in academic English, it is essential to have a strong understanding of the language and its various components. This article will provide a comprehensive summary of key language knowledge points in academic English, including grammar, vocabulary, and discourse.GrammarGrammar is the structure of language, and it is essential for understanding and producing coherent and accurate sentences. In academic English, there are several key grammar points that are particularly important.Tense and AspectUnderstanding tense and aspect is crucial for expressing the time and duration of an action or event. There are several tenses in English, including past, present, and future, as well as various aspects that convey the completeness or progressiveness of an action. For example, the simple past tense is used to describe completed actions in the past, while the present perfect tense is used to link the past and the present, indicating that an action has occurred at an unspecified time before now.Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-verb agreement refers to the relationship between the subject and the verb in a sentence. The verb must agree with the subject in terms of number and person. For example, in the sentence "She walks to school," the singular subject "she" requires the singular form of the verb "walks."ArticlesArticles are small words that refer to a noun and indicate whether it is specific or general. There are two types of articles in English: definite (the) and indefinite (a/an). Understanding when and how to use articles is important for conveying precision and specificity in academic writing.ParallelismParallelism involves using the same grammatical structure for similar ideas within a sentence or paragraph. This ensures that the writing is clear, balanced, and cohesive. For example, "She enjoys hiking, swimming, and cycling" demonstrates parallelism in listing activities.ModifiersModifiers are words or phrases that provide additional information about a noun or verb. It is important to place modifiers close to the words they modify to avoid ambiguity or confusion. Additionally, proper placement of modifiers helps to create smooth and coherent sentences.ConjunctionsConjunctions are words that connect clauses or sentences. There are different types of conjunctions, including coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or) and subordinating conjunctions (because, although). Understanding how to use conjunctions effectively is essential for creating complex and varied sentence structures.Modal VerbsModal verbs are auxiliary verbs that express possibility, necessity, or ability. Examples of modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, and should. Modal verbs are often used to convey degrees of certainty, obligation, or permission.PrepositionsPrepositions are words that indicate the relationship between nouns, pronouns, and other words in a sentence. They are essential for expressing location, time, and direction. Proper use of prepositions is important for conveying precise meaning in academic writing.PunctuationPunctuation marks, such as commas, semicolons, and colons, are essential for organizing and structuring written language. Proper punctuation helps to clarify meaning, indicate pauses, and separate clauses and phrases. Additionally, punctuation contributes to the overall coherence and flow of the writing.VocabularyVocabulary refers to the words and phrases used in a particular language. In academic English, a rich and varied vocabulary is essential for expressing complex ideas and engaging with academic texts. Key vocabulary knowledge points include:Academic Word ListThe Academic Word List (AWL) is a list of words that are commonly found in academic texts across different disciplines. These words are considered essential for academic success and are often used to assess English language proficiency. Examples of words from the AWL include analyze, hypothesis, methodology, and variable.Discipline-Specific VocabularyIn addition to general academic vocabulary, it is important to develop an understanding of discipline-specific vocabulary related to a particular area of study, such as biology, psychology, or economics. This vocabulary includes technical terms and jargon that are used within a specific field and are essential for effective communication and comprehension.Word FormationUnderstanding word formation processes, such as prefixes, suffixes, and root words, is important for expanding vocabulary and understanding the meanings of unfamiliar words. For example, the prefix "pre-" means "before," and the suffix "-ology" denotes "the study of."CollocationsCollocations are words that often occur together and have a natural and idiomatic relationship. For example, we say "make progress," "conduct research," and "reach a conclusion" rather than using different verbs with the same nouns. Understanding collocations is important for natural and effective language use.Synonyms and AntonymsSynonyms are words that have the same or similar meanings, while antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Developing a strong knowledge of synonyms and antonyms is important for enriching vocabulary and avoiding repetition in writing.DiscourseDiscourse refers to the organization and structure of written and spoken language, including the ways in which ideas are connected and presented. Understanding discourse knowledge points is essential for producing coherent and cohesive academic communication.Paragraph StructureA well-structured paragraph consists of a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence. The topic sentence introduces the main idea of the paragraph, while the supporting sentences provide evidence, examples, and explanations. The concluding sentence summarizes the key points and connects the paragraph to the overall argument. Coherence and CohesionCoherence refers to the overall clarity and logical progression of ideas in a piece of writing, while cohesion refers to the ways in which different parts of the text are connected and relate to each other. An effective academic text is both coherent, with clear and logical organization, and cohesive, with smooth transitions and connections between ideas. ArgumentationArgumentation involves presenting and supporting a claim or position with evidence, reasoning, and justification. Effective argumentation in academic writing requires logical and critical thinking, as well as the use of rhetorical strategies and persuasive language.Summarizing and ParaphrasingSummarizing and paraphrasing are important skills for engaging with academic texts and incorporating sources into one's own writing. Both summarize and paraphrase key information from an original text, but they differ in terms of length and level of detail. Quoting and ReferencingQuoting involves using the exact words of an original source, while referencing involves citing the ideas, information, or data of others. Proper quoting and referencing are important for acknowledging sources, supporting arguments, and avoiding plagiarism. ConclusionIn conclusion, academic English encompasses a wide range of language knowledge points, including grammar, vocabulary, and discourse. Developing a strong understanding of these language components is essential for effectively communicating and engaging in academic settings. By mastering key grammar points, expanding vocabulary knowledge, and understanding discourse structures, students and researchers can produce clear, coherent, and compelling academic writing.Overall, academic English requires a high level of language proficiency and a deep understanding of the language's various components. With continuous practice and attention to language knowledge points, individuals can effectively engage with academic texts, present complex ideas, and contribute to the academic community.。

(教师专用)2015届英语高考总复习语言基础知识考点归纳拓展：选修七 Module 5 Ethnic Culture

[核心单词]fasten v．固定(某物)，使(某物)牢固；系牢，扎牢[经典例句]“Fasten your seatbelts”，Hockfield said.(2012·四川·阅读理解D) Hockfield说道：“系好你的安全带。

”fasten...on/to...把……固定到……上fasten one's attention on 集中注意力于；认真地考虑fasten up系住，使联结在一起，把拉链拉好①Please ____________ your work.请把注意力集中在工作上。

②He ________ his coat and hurried out.他扣好大衣就匆匆出去了。

③The students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.按照我的要求，学生把名字写在卡片上并把那些卡片别在胸前口袋上。

答案①fasten your attention on②fastened upadjust v．使适应；适应；调节，调整；校准[经典例句]When economic circumstances change, business needs time to adjust.当经济环境改变的时候，企业需要时间来适应。

(1)adjust sth to sth调整……以适应……adjust to sth/doing sth 适应于(做)……adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应make an adjustment /adjustments作出调整①He can't adjust himself to the whirl of modern life in this big city.他无法适应这个大都市的现代生活的忙碌。

大学英语精读材料2015版复习重点

Test OnePart 1: VocabularyFill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a word or phrase from the box below. Change the forms where necessary.1.Many of the students ______ that the exam was too hard.2.Can you turn the music down, please? I can’t ______ on my work.3.You ______ fail the exam if you don’t do any revision.4.At first, Tom found it difficult to ______ what his teachers said in class.5.After spending a year in Australia, the little girl has gained quite a good ______ of spoken English.6.The newly-elected government has begun the painful ______ of working out its policies and strategies.7.______ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.8.After explaining his plan in great detail, Bob ______ its main points in a few sentences.9.Young as she is, Mary is very good at ______ difficult customers.10.The marketing department is working on new ______ to improve the company’s share of the market.Part 2: Paragraph Information MatchingIn this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.The Truth about Sports and Weight LossBy Katrina CollinsDangers of Extreme Weight Loss and Gain in MMA.A)According to a study by Michelle T. Barrack from the University of California, Davis, and her colleagues, "Teenagegirls who stringently restrict their energy intake while involved in endurance sports may end up with low bone density.Preliminary evidence from a study involving 93 female high school cross-country runners shows an association between low bone mass values and more intensive dietary restraint, according to a report in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition."B) For the 13-to-18 year-old athletes assessed, investigators defined high levels of dietary restriction as "girls who reportednot eating for 8 hours or more, consciously restricting amounts or types of food, and following strict calorie or serving size limits for 16 days or longer during the month."C) Measurements of the girls’ bone mineral density in the lower spine and thighbone (股骨) were recorded, and the resultswere not surprising —they found that the girls with increased dietary restraint had the lowest bone mass values.Conversely, the study found that "weight or shape concerns in the absence of dietary restraint practices were not associated with low bone mass."D) According to Barrack, "These findings suggest that young runners and their support system, including parents, coaches,and athletic trainers, should make sure that girls expending hundreds of calories on a daily basis are not stringently restricting their energy intake." The same could be said about young women in mixed martial arts (MMA).E) Many females are taking up martial arts and in particular, MMA. While MMA is one of the fastest growing sports in theworld today, female fighters are still struggling with finding fights. They want to fight but the problem is finding worthy opponents and available venues. Oftentimes, in order to compete, they're forced to quickly reduce or increase their weight to accommodate another fighter and fit into their weight class. This may be an easy thing to do when you're 18, 21, or 25 and in fact you may not even feel the damage done to your body during this time. But you will feel the results as you get older. Your bones will become brittle and break easily. As a fighter in MMA, this should be the last thing you want to have happen.F) This leads to the question: are there other options available? YES! As an athlete, and as a fighter, you actually have a lotof options. The first, of course, is to "just say no"! If an event promoter calls you to fight at below or above your normal weight, say NO. Even if your manager or agent asks you to change your weight, don't do it. And if they do, go find another manager. I don't know about you, but I'd rather have someone who had my best interests at heart, not theirs. It's one of the reasons why you're paying them. So don't get caught up into that trap. If enough of us keep saying "NO", they'll stop asking, and instead will be forced to look for and find two fighters who are starting from the same weight class.G) Don't eat fast foods. Have you seen "Super Size Me" or "Fast Food Nation"? Yeah. Stuff isn't good for you. I mean, thinkabout it. You train all day long, now your body's starving for fuel, and you give it junk. Not just normal junk, but the kind that'll clog up your arteries (动脉), make you sluggish, and kill you. No kidding. According to , fast food places (I refuse to call them restaurants) don't use normal cooking oil which of course is full of fat. Rather, they use a SPECIALL Y-CREATED cooking oil that is generally special hydrogenated (使氢化合物的) cooking oil. Check it out that they even make sure their special cooking oil "undergoes a process designed to increase its shelf life. This process makes it downright dangerous for human consumption as it produces high levels of trans-fats. These fat compounds are barely recognizable as food by the human body and end up getting stored as fat cells or heading right to an artery to start clogging it up." (SOURCE: /dangers-fast-food) And we wonder why we see so many fighters and athletes who are still fat. We wonder ourselves why we're so sluggish.We work out, train hard — and then hit the drive-thru window on the way home. Question answered.H) Do you really want to clog up your arteries? Lose your bone density? Starve yourself? All for the sake of a 15 minutefight? If so, you need to rethink some things.I) How about another option? Eat well and use some good old fashioned common sense by eating "whole" foods. What are the whole foods you ask? I can hear a lot of you right now. "I'm no hippie! I don't want to eat all that organic crap! It's too expensive and I hate that health food stuff! I don't have a health food store in my area!" That's not what I said. I said "whole foods." Whole foods are foods that have undergone very little processing and that have been grown or producedwithout the use of synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. You can find this stuff at your local grocery store! No kidding! It's all found in the fresh food section and in the outskirts of the store. So you need to eat things like fresh vegetables, fruit, nuts, milk, eggs, cheese, yogurt, beans (not the kind in a jar), rice, etc. Think of it this way, whole foods are usually those types of foods that will spoil after a period of time, if you don't refrigerate or eat it. If you stick to these foods, your body will love and reward you! You'll lose weight if you need to, gain weight (unless you're one of those with a really fast metabolism (新陈代谢) and have a hard time gaining ) if you need to, and/or maintain your weight once you get to your optimum level. You'll feel good, train well, sleep well and feel fit and full!J) Another option? Follow a quality nutritional program. (Notice I didn't say "diet" program. Your "diet" is actually what you eat every day. It's not really what you do to lose weight, although that's what we've turned it into. So I don't use the word diet anymore. Nutritional program sounds so much better, don't you think?) Eat healthy. Stick to good, whole foods. Eat what I call "good protein" like nuts and beans with rice. And if you think I'm kidding, ask my friends who've spent any amount of time with me. I drink juice, and I eat a lot of nuts, dates, raisins, and fruit. My body loves that stuff more now than anything! Additionally, I've found that the nutritional plan described by Dr. Robert Haas in his book "Eat to Win the Sports: Nutrition Bible for a New Generation" to be a good one to follow, but that's just my personal opinion. (I'm not endorsing it, just telling you what's worked for me.)K) No matter what, stop starving yourself to lose weight, or piling up the protein and to gain a bunch of weight before a fight. Start eating healthy NOW! Let your body figure out the weight it SHOULD be and stay there. And the next time a promoter asks you to change your weight to accommodate another fighter for an event — JUST SAY NO!______ 1. Female MMA fighters quickly increase or decrease their weight so as to find their proper opponents or fit into their weight class.______ 2. According to a report in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, more intensive dietary restraint is associated with low bone mass values in female high-school runners.______ 3. A nutritional program is to stick to good, whole foods, such as nuts and beans with rice.______ 4. It's not recommended to eat fast foods, because they are harmful to our health.______ 5. Whether you are going to gain or lose weight, you should start eating healthy and make it clear about your ideal weight.______ 6. Female MMA fighters shouldn't stringently restrict their energy intake.______ 7. So many fighters and athletes are still fat because of high intake of fast foods.______ 8. Whole foods will benefit human body a lot in the long run.______ 9. Stringent restrictions of energy intake might be the cause of lower bone mass values in the athletes being assessed.______ 10. MMA athletes are supposed to say “NO” when their manager or agent asks them to c hange their weight or fight at below or above their normal weight.Part 3: Reading ComprehensionThere are two passages followed by some multiple choice questions. Choose the best answer for each question. Passage 1Minh Pham was born in Vietnam(越南). He left when he was 21 years old. Minh has been in America for almost two years. There is still much he does not understand about America.Once Minh was in a grocery store. He saw an old man and an old woman. They wanted a box of cereal(麦片). The box w as on a high shelf. The man and woman couldn’t reach it .Minh saw a stepladder. He got on the ladder and got the box. He handed it to the elderly couple. They thanked him.“Where are your children?” asked Minh. “Why don’t they help you buy food?”“Our children have their own lives,” said the man and woman. “We like to be free to do as we like.” Minh doesn’t think this is right. In his country, children help their parents. Minh gave the elderly couple his phone number. He told them to call him if they needed help. One night they asked Minh to dinner, but they never asked him for help.One day, Minh was walking with a Vietnamese friend. The two were going to a film. Minh wanted to go to a restaurant first. Minh took his friend’s hand. He pulled him toward the restaurant. People on the street stared at Minh. In Vietnam, friends often hold hands. Minh found out that people in America are not used to men holding hands.Minh Pham is going through a process known as resocialization (重新与社会公认准则保持一致). Socialization is the process through which a person learns to live in a society. Everyone goes through this process. Minh went through it when he lived in Vietnam. But the Vietnamese way of life is much different from the American way of life. When Minh came to America, he had to learn a new way of life. He had to learn how to live in a new society.Minh has learned a lot about American life in two years. He still has a lot to learn. The process of resocialization can take many years.1. The main idea of the passage is that one should ____________.A. ignore cultural differencesB. learn to live in the new countryC. travel all over the worldD. learn to act on one’s own2. According to the passage, Minh thought the old couple should ____________.A. ask their children for helpB. encourage each other and help each otherC. rely on themselvesD. live a quiet and comfortable life3. The passage tells us that it is necessary for ____________ to learn to live in a new society.A. people who have a hard lifeB. everyone who comes to a new environmentC. Asians who have not learned a foreign language and lack practical experienceD. those who have a smooth life in their own country.4. It seemed that people felt surprised when they saw that Minh and his friend_____.A. were VietnameseB. were immigrants (移民)C. were holding handsD. were quarreling5. It is hard to ____________ when one comes to a new country.A. learn as many foreign languages as possibleB. get used to the local weather and climateC. greet foreignersD. avoid culture shock and get used to the new life Passage 2Someone said to a man, “Travel and see the world.” He answered, “Why should I? People are the same everywhere. They are born. They are babies. They are children. They are adults. They grow old. They die .They have the same feelings. They feel love and hate, happiness and sadness, security and fear, pride and shame. That is why I do not want to travel. I can learn everything here. I’m going to stay home.”The man was right. He was also wrong. People are the same, but people are also different. They all have the same pattern of life — birth, youth, old age and death. But these stages of life have different values in different cultures. Also, while all people have the same feelings, the causes of these feelings are different. A situation that may bring happiness in one place may not bring happiness in another place.For example, in many countries old age is a happy time. Young people in these countries show respect to the old. In Korea, old people are honored and respected. When they are too old to live alone, they live with a son, daughter, or other relatives. When they become 61 years old, it is a very happy and important event. There is a big party with many guests.They receive many gifts. When people reach this time in life, the attitudes of their family and their community change toward them. Their position in life is good because they receive honors and respect. Everyone looks forward to this time.In the United States, it is quite different for old people. Most old people do not live with their children or relatives. For many North Americans, old age is not a happy time. Most North Americans want to stay young. They try to act like young people as long as possible. They even try to speak the language of the young. They do not like to grow old because they will not get honor or respect or attention. Also, businesses do not want old people to work for them. So, old people usually live alone and they do not have many things to do. Old age can be a sad and lonely time for them.6. The reason why the man did not have the intention of travelling was that _____.A. he thought he already knew about people in other places.B. he was too old to travel any moreC. he could not understand people in other countries since he was deafD. he preferred to stay home to enjoy his leisure time.7. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. People all over the world are the same, but they are also different.B. Different values are reflected in different stages of life in different cultures.C. People react differently to the same situation.D. The reasons for the same feelings are also the same in different cultures.8. In Korea, people__________.A. think being young is the same as being oldB. are afraid of old ageC. are longing for old ageD. value their youth most9. Compared with American old people, the old in Korea _____.A. enjoy living alone and supporting themselves.B. Can lead an honored and respected lifeC. Can act like the youngD. Are not respected and do not receive due attention10. The word “businesses” in Paragraph 4 means_______.A. managersB. consumersC. shops or factoriesD. busy peoplePart 4: ClozeIn this part, you will read a passage with 10 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.Learning (1) help make the difficult task of studying English easier. For instance, it is beneficial to treat new words in different ways according to how (2) they occur in everyday use: active words you must practice over and over again; useful words you must (3) to memory; words that seldom occur in everyday situations require just a nodding (4) . It also pays to watch out (5) idiomatic ways of saying things in English. As idiomatic usage often causes difficulties for Chinese students, you must pay close attention to the way native speakers (6) .Language learning is, in fact, an active (7) . Students who make a conscious effort to practice English, who seek out (8) to use what they have learned, are more successful than those who rely (9) the teacher to do the whole job. Undoubtedly, it is all important to put into practice through speaking and writing what you have (10) from reading and listening.1. A. stages B. strategies C. tragedies D. remedies2. A. rare B. rarely C. frequent D. frequently3. A. commit B. put C. give D. take4. A. assistance B. resistance C. instance D. acquaintance5. A. in B. of C. for D. at6. A. advocate B. complicate C. communicate D. associate7. A. proceed B. precede C. process D. possess8. A. solutions B. conditions C. approaches D. opportunities9. A. on B. in C. at D. to10. A. heard B. absorbed C. practiced D. readPart 5: TranslationComplete the following sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.1. It is well known that this disease ________________________________________(至少部分地是由于吸烟过多).2. Mary complained that she ____________________________________________(常发现和她女儿无法沟通).3. I hope you can ______________________ (拿出一个比这更好的解决办法).4. __________________________ (当他渐渐获得了信心), his words came out spontaneously.5. These expensive drawings must not _______________________ (直接暴露在阳光之下) .Test TwoPart 1: VocabularyFill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a word or phrase from the box below. Change the forms where1.Our history professor explained the ______ cause of the First World War.2.As a fireman, you must be ready to ______ hardships and even suffer death.3.I think we should let Mary go camping with her classmates. ______, she is a big girl now.4.After much thought, we ______ agreed to let him go.5.They’ve ______ for her to be operated on by the best doctors.6.Jim had a ______ problem with his car, but he fixed it himself.7.To the old lady’s great ______ , Myra did not come, nor did she send her any present.8.Prof. Smith is not a stranger to us. We’ve met him o several ______.9.He hasn’t got enough clothes on — look, he’s ______ with cold.10.Let’s go to the park. It’s just ______.Part 2: Paragraph Information MatchingIn this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Are You Superstitious?By Cristina NutaA)When was the last time you crossed your fingers or said, "Bless you" to someone who sneezed? Have you felt awfulwhen you've broken a mirror? Do you own a rabbit's foot? Do you get the heebie jeebies on Friday the 13th? If any of the above rings a bell, then join the over 50% of the population who admit to being a bit superstitious.B)It is very well-known that many people nowadays believe in superstitions. For example, Tuesdays are considered to beunlucky days and we expect three bad things to happen to us during such a day. Then, if it is Friday, the thirteenth, other bad happenings will wait for us. Not to forget the owl singing at night just in one of the trees we have near our house, as it will announce that maybe somebody close to us will soon die. But one of the most unlucky signs that something horrible will happen to us in the proximate future is to see a black cat crossing our way. And if that black cat passes in front of us especially before our exam in Math, then it is well-known that our test paper will be a failure.C)Some Superstitions Are Obvious:If you dry your hands on a towel while someone else is using it, you'll fight with that person (probably before your hands are dry)●It's bad luck to leave your house with all the doors open (but good luck for burglars)●Never hit a child with a broom, it will make him stupid (especially if you hit him over the head)●It's bad luck to kick a cat (possibly for you as well as the cat)●It's bad luck to put three lamps on a table (especially if you plug them all into the same power point)●Shoes on a bed will cause a family fight (particularly if they are muddy)D) Some Superstitions Are Surprising:●If you kiss your elbow, you'll change your sex (cheaper than surgery)●If a girl steps over a broom lying on the floor, she'll be a mother before she's a wife (must be a lot of brooms lyingabout)●If you sew on a Sunday you'll have to rip out every stitch with your nose before you can get into heaven (I used totry something similar by telling my kids they'd have to eat their mountain of discarded veggies before they got into heaven — that didn't work either)●You must never greet the sun by speaking to it, e.g. "Hello sun", when it re-appears after being overcast, or it willgo right back into the clouds again. (No wonder it rains so much in Ireland.)●Apparently if you cross your fingers when you tell a lie, it doesn't count against your character. (Someonesuggested that this is why so many politicians keep their hands in their pockets when they speak).E)Superstitions are activities that have no effect on events but exist because of coincidental rewards and society'sprejudices. They are rooted in the philosophy that a symbolic act will bring about a physical reality. In a world where we face so many important and uncertain challenges, superstitions provide the illusion that we can somehow control our fates. We derive comfort from thinking we can either avoid an undesirable result or bring about a desired result.Superstitions reduce tension and give us a sense that what we're doing can help us out. In this way, they can be extremely useful tools.F)Even if you're not a believer, we think you'll get a kick out of some of the behaviors people practice in the hope theywill bring them luck. Throughout history, around the globe, strange rituals live on. In China consumers are willing to pay huge sums of money for the right phone number and will shun others. One businessman paid $20,000 for a number he liked. The worst possible combination is one ending in 547424, because in Chinese it sounds like, "I die, my wife dies, my child dies." In the Philippines, if you're taking a picture with two friends, don't stay in the middle as something bad might happen to you. Position yourself in either the left or right, or better yet add a few more people to the photo.Oh, and never take a bath on the day of your birthday... it brings bad luck. In Cuba if you leave a glass of water at your bedside overnight and there are bubbles in the glass the next morning, you are surrounded by good spirits. Women tend to be significantly more superstitious than men —or at least they admit to it in more studies —and less educated people have more superstitions than better educated. Being superstitious is often a family tradition. If your parents are, chances are you will be too.G)Superstitions help out with the performance anxiety that is an occupational hazard for lots of athletes. Baseball playerWade Boggs has eaten chicken before each game for over twenty years. Basketball player Michael Jordan admits he has to lace up his shoes a certain way before every game. Babe Ruth took a swat at butterflies on the diamond because hewas sure they were bad luck. Hockey legend Wayne Gretzky habitually tucked the right side of his jersey(运动衫) behind his hip pads for luck before every game.H)Weddings are rich in superstitious ritual. A bride wears "something borrowed" from a previous bride who has a happymarriage; she wears "something blue" because it signifies virtue. A Chinese bride is never supposed to look in a mirror to insure there will only be one bride.I)Actors are considered to be in one of the most superstitious professions. Everyone knows you never wish an actor goodluck. Instead you say, "Break a leg." By wishing someone good luck, you're supposed to give your own luck away. Real flowers, jewels, money, mirrors and coffins are considered bad luck onstage. It's good luck if an actor's shoes squeak on his entrance, or if a cat makes its home in the theater. Fear of change is usually at the heart of actors' superstitions. If he has a success on opening night, he hesitates to change anything during the run.J)So superstitions are rooted in the profound lack of self-control we feel, especially in anxious times. Our minds create explanations for phenomena beyond our comprehension. So rub a rabbit's foot and pluck some daisies (he does love you, after all). Especially in today's world, it can't hurt!______ 1. In the Philippines, you are advised not to stand in the middle while taking a photo with two friends, because something bad might happen to you.______ 2. It is an obvious superstition to believe putting shoes on a bed will result in a family fight.______ 3. Over half of the population admitted that they are somehow superstitious.______ 4. Superstitions can be very useful because they can make us less nervous while facing uncertain challenges.______ 5. According to a superstitious belief, seeing a black cat running across your way is an unlucky sign.______ 6. Performance anxiety may be relieved by superstitions for many athletes.______ 7. The author holds the view that never greeting the sun is a surprising superstition.______ 8. Illiterate women are most likely to be superstitious.______ 9. In a wedding ceremony, a bride puts on something blue, which indicates virtue.______ 10. For the phenomena that we fail to comprehend, we create explanations, which become superstitions.Part 3: Reading ComprehensionThere are two passages followed by some multiple choice questions. Choose the best answer for each question. Passage 1The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, poor land must be cultivated(耕种) and the good land worked intensively(精耕细作地). Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more chance of development of facilities such as ports, roads, and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand.One of the difficulties in carrying out a worldwide birth control grogram lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary(变化) from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded populations is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, the first concern of government will be to set a limit on the birthrate, whatever the final。

大学英语学术英语知识点总结

Unit 11. What is definition?A definition is a statement which captures the meaning, the use, the properties, the function and the essence of a term, a thing or a concept.2. Why is it important to define things or concepts in a clear way?A clear definition helps to avoid misunderstandings or confusions.3. Why should the abstract concepts be defined?A clear definition is required for abstract concepts, such as ‘happiness’, because the definition may change from person to person.4. How many parts does a formal definition consist of? What are they?A formal definition contains three parts: the term, class and differentiating features.5. What types of definition have you learned? In what way do they mainly differ?One-sentence definition (a formal/naming definition) and an extended definition.They mainly differ in length.6. What are the narrative materials which can be used for an extended definition?An extended definition uses narrative materials such as facts, examples, anecdotes, etc. to interpret a term.7. Why should an extended definition be used?Extended definitions will help you get a concept or theory cross to the audience. Making an extended definition requires you to think more carefully about your intended audience and what they need to know.8. How will you write an extended definition?Step 1. Specify the term being defined and its category or class.Step 2. Present clear and basic information of the differentiating features.Step 3. Expand by adding more specific information.Step 4. Use such narrative materials as facts, examples, or anecdotes that readers can understand better.9. In academic contexts, narrative materials cover a broad scope. What can be used as narrative materials?Descriptions, book reports, proposals, presentation of data, explanation of ideas, illustration of evidence, examples, etc.Unit 21. What is contextualization?The process of introducing background information is called contextualization. In any kind ofwriting, providing background information is essential to familiarizing the reader with thetopic and helping the audience get a fuller picture of the topic.2. Could you list several types of context?The cultural, economic, political, historical, social, philosophical, or technological context.3. Where can you find the contextualization of a research problem in an academicarticle?In the introductory section.4. What kind of plane figure does the structure of an introduction resemble?An inverted triangle.5. Where does contextualization fit within the inverted triangle introduction?DefiningBriefly introducing and explaining the research topicContextualizingPutting the research problem into context and pointingout the gap in knowledge6. What are the different types of introduction?1) Inverted triangle introduction2) Contrast introduction3) Anecdote introduction4) Question/quotation introduction7. What kind of writing is mainly used in introducing background information?Description.Unit 31. What is classification?Classification is the process of arranging items into categories based on shared characteristics. Classification is a convenient way to organize information to make thingsclearer and to avoid confusion.2. A common standard should be employed to rate and rank the categories, and toensure that the categories follow a single organizing principle.3. What is the difference between comparison and contrast?Comparison emphasizes the similarities between things, ideas, concepts, or points of view, while contrast emphasizes the differences.4. What is the difference between comparison and mere description?1)The similarities or differences between things are analyzed in comparison in order tomake connections and generate an interesting analysis.2)Description is to present information, accepted knowledge, observations, process ormethod objectively.Unit 41. What are the possible relationships between two notions?1) a causal relationship2)an inclusive relationship3)an opposite relationship4) a parallel relationship2. How do the different relationships function in explaining a notion?Generally, these relationships will provide a clear outline for writers to present a notion and a clear structure for readers to obtain information from the explanation.3. What is an analogy?An analogy is a comparison between two things, usually for the purpose of explanation or clarification. It aims to explain one thing by comparing it to something that is familiar.4. What are the features of an effective analogy?1)On the basis of an exact or similar idea2)Simplicity3)Clear embodiment of the concept or relationship between things5. What effective tools can be used to draw an analogy?Metaphors and similes are tools used to draw an analogy. However, analogy is more extensive and elaborate than either a simile or a metaphor.6. What should be taken into consideration when explanations are given?Just like the targeted audience should be considered while you define new concepts or ideas, you should also consider contexts and situations.7. What are the suggested steps to achieve a logical structure of explanation?1)Clarify your thinking by writing down all the necessary and important details.2)Structure those details logically by deciding which should be explained first andwhich later.Unit 51. What is a summary?A summary is a condensed version of the original text or lecture.2. What is the purpose of a summary?The purpose of a summary is to give the reader a clear, objective picture of the original text.3. The summary of a research paper is found in its Abstract（摘要）.4. In general an abstract includes: objective/aim/purpose; design/methodology; results/findings; conclusions5. When reading a book, one can situate and evaluate the book by reading its publishing details（出版信息）, and navigate the book by reading its table of contents（目录）6. The three reading strategies helping readers to grasp the main idea of an academic text:Skimming and scanning （跳读和略读/浏览）Intensive reading （精读/细读）Analysis of cohesion （分析衔接/信息之间的逻辑关系）7. When you write summaries, you should follow some conventions. They are:1)Quote selectively (selectively or extensively? )2)When you quote, use quotation marks and document the quotation. Failure to do sois plagiarism3)Use present (present or past?) tense to summarize.4)Use summarizing language, for example : the article claims (provide one example)8. What criteria can be adopted to evaluate a summary?1)Accurately and objectively represents the author’s central claim and keysupporting details.2)The summary is not merely listing the main ideas, but show how the reasons supportthe central claim.9. What are the four steps to summarize an article?1)Read the original text intensively to grasp its meaning.2)Note down the main idea and the major supporting ideas.3)Draft your summary, using a mix of paraphrased and quoted material from the text.4)Revise the draft to meet the requirements (Length, grammar, format, documentation,etc.)Unit 61. What is synthesis?It is the act of combining separate things into a coherent whole. It involves analysis related to classification and division, comparison and contrast. It makes use of the ideas of other people, combining sources into one's own words in order to further understanding or establish context.2. What is key to a synthesis?Searching for the flaws, weaknesses, or limitations, and any potential links between various sources, is key to a synthesis.3. What is the difference between a summary and a synthesis?Summary: A summary is a recap or restatement of the important information of the source. The ideas, information and arguments of each source are stated in a concise manner. Synthesis: A synthesis critically analyzes and evaluates the information, including a critical analysis of the relationship between different sources, relate the sources to the author’s own research.Unit 71. What is a literature review?A literature review is a critical survey of important articles, books and other primary sources related to a research topic.2. What are the four ways of organizing a literature review?Literature reviews are often organized in one of these ways: chronologically, thematically, methodologically, or in a combination of these ways.3. What should an author do to make a chronological review?In a chronological review, the author groups and discusses selected sources in order of their publication, highlighting the changes in research over time.4.What should an author do to make a thematic review?In a thematic review, you group and discuss your sources in terms of the themes, theoretical concepts, findings, and topics.5. In what sequence should a thematic literature review proceed?The sequence of the concepts or themes should proceed from the broad to the specific.Unit 81. What is a report?A report is a logical and well-structured piece of writing that describes and analyses a particular subject or problem, communicates information collected from research or the analysis of data.2.What are the differences between a report and an essay?1) A report is fact-based and aim to convey information, while an essay is idea-basedand is written to discuss different opinions and arguments;2) A report is broken into sections and subsections, while an essay usually flow as acontinuous text;3) A report often includes graphics which rarely appears in an essay;4) A report may make predictions or recommendations while an essay does n’t.3.How many types of reports can you list?1)Scientific reports;2)Technical reports;3)Business reports;4)Field reports.4.What sections does a report normally have?1) A title page;2)An abstract;3)An introduction;4)Methods;5)Results;6)Discussion;7)Conclusion;8)Recommendations;9)References;10). Appendices.。

2015年高考英语(人教版必修一至选修八+)书本重点词汇

n. n.
graduate finally
vi./n. adv.
毕业，毕业生最后，终于
as usual reliable adj.
schedule
n./vt.
时间表，安排时间
view
n.
fond
adj.
喜爱的，慈爱的
vt.
be fond of shortcoming n.
喜爱，喜欢缺点
pillow midnight
2015 年高考英语书本重点词汇第 3 页共 49 页
care about
关心，忧虑， beneath 惦念
prep.
detail source
n. n.
细节来源，水源
temple cave
n. n.
，热情在 … 下面庙宇洞穴，地窖
determine determined journey altitude make up one's mind give in atlas glacier rapids valley waterfall pace
adj. vt. n. vt. n. n. n. adj. n/vt/vi n/vt n/vt. n. n. n. vt.
极度的损害幸存者破坏砖水坝轨道，足迹无用的震惊，休克援救陷阱，陷入困境电，电流灾难，灾祸掘出埋葬，掩埋
2015 年高考英语书本重点词汇必修 1，Unit5
2015 年高考英语书本重点词汇必修 2，Unit1
英文 cultural 词性 adj. 汉语文化的英文 worth 词性 prep. 汉语值得的，值… 价值价值值钱的重建本地的，当地的分离地，分别地拆开绘画城堡审判，实验目击者，证人证据爆炸入口水手下沉少女，女仆器重，看得起非正式的争论，争辩

学术英语必备知识点总结

学术英语必备知识点总结Key Knowledge Points of Academic English:1. Structure and Organization:The structure and organization of an academic paper are crucial for conveying ideas and arguments effectively. Academic writing typically follows a specific structure, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section serves a distinct purpose and contributes to the overall coherence and persuasiveness of the paper.2. Formal Tone and Language:Academic writing requires a formal and professional tone, avoiding colloquial language, slang, and contractions. It also requires the use of precise and specific vocabulary appropriate for the subject matter. Additionally, it is important to use language that is objective and impartial, avoiding personal opinions or bias.3. Citations and Referencing:Proper citation and referencing of sources are essential in academic writing to acknowledge the work of other scholars and avoid plagiarism. Different academic fields have specific citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, which dictate how sources should be cited within the text and in the reference list.4. Critical Thinking and Analysis:Academic writing involves critical thinking and analysis, wherein writers critically evaluate and interpret evidence, arguments, and research findings. This involves the ability to question assumptions, provide reasoned arguments, and draw valid conclusions based on evidence.5. Clarity and Coherence:Clarity and coherence are crucial elements of academic writing, as they ensure that ideas and arguments are presented in a logical and easily understandable manner. This includes using clear and concise language, structuring paragraphs effectively, and using transitions to link ideas and arguments.6. Academic Conventions and Formatting:Academic writing follows specific conventions and formatting styles, depending on the discipline or the publication guidelines. This includes aspects such as font, spacing, margins, headings, and subheadings, as well as the use of tables, figures, and appendices.7. Literature Review:A literature review is a critical analysis of existing research and literature on a particular topic, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in the field. It is an essential component of academic writing, as it demonstrates the writer's understanding of the subject and the ability to situate their research within the wider scholarly context.8. Research Methods and Data Analysis:For research-based academic writing, it is important to describe the research methods used and the analysis of data. This includes providing a clear methodology, detailing the data collection process, and presenting the findings in a structured and systematic manner.9. Audience Awareness:Academic writing requires an awareness of the target audience, which may include peers, instructors, or journal editors. Writers need to consider the background knowledge of the audience and tailor their writing style and level of complexity accordingly.10. Revision and Proofreading:Effective academic writing involves thorough revision and proofreading to ensure that the writing is polished and free of errors. This includes checking for grammar, punctuation, spelling, and stylistic consistency, as well as ensuring that the paper meets the required formatting and citation guidelines.In conclusion, these key knowledge points highlight the essential elements of academic English that writers need to master in order to effectively communicate their ideas and research findings in an academic setting. By understanding and practicing these principles, writers can improve the quality and impact of their academic writing. Academic English is a fundamental skill for students, researchers, and scholars, and continual development and refinement of these knowledge points are crucial for success in the academic world.。

2015年英语要点解读

2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读英语湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲编写组二〇一四年八月前言《2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读》（以下简称《解读》）是在《2014年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试要点解读》的基础上修订完成的，是与《2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲》（以下简称《考纲》）配套使用的学业水平考试复习指导丛书。

《解读》面向全体高中学生，旨在帮助高中教师与学生理解《考纲》，对高中教学加以积极的影响，减轻高中学生的学业负担，推进高中新课程，促进高中学生的全面发展和素质教育的全面实施。

《解读》所要“解读”的不只是学业水平考试的内容和形式，更重要的是要体现建立这一考试制度的目的和任务——回归基础教育的本源，构建一个衡量高中教育教学质量，促进学生全面发展的质量评价体系。

因此，《解读》面向全体高中学生，特别注重各学科学习方法指导，特别注重训练能力层级和难度的梯度分布。

《解读》大体上分为考试目标、知识清单、要点解读、达标练习和综合测试等五个板块，各板块的内容依据《考纲》和高中教材的必修学分模块编写。

由于各学科特点的不同，编写体例也根据需要做了些小调整。

像所有的新生事物一样，学业水平考试作为一种新的考试制度也有一个逐步完善的过程，因此，欢迎来自各个方面，特别是高中师生的建设性的意见。

当然，《解读》也要听取大家的意见与建议，才不会停下不断完善的脚步。

《2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试大纲》专家组2014年8月目录Module 1 Unit 1 School life ............................................................ 错误！未定义书签。

Module 1 Unit 2 Growing pains .. (6)Module 1 Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good (9)Module 2 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained (14)Module 2 Unit 2 Wish you were here (17)Module 2 Unit 3 Amazing people (20)Module 3 Unit1 The world of our senses ...................................... 错误！未定义书签。

2015考研英语高频词汇备考要点总结

2015考研英语高频词汇备考要点总结导语：2015考研英语高频词汇备考要点总结。

目前考生进入了考研英语基础阶段复习的高潮，在此阶段考生一定要牢记：最基础的还是词汇的复习，所以考生在基础阶段要巩固好词汇，在历年的复习中都有不少考生陷入词汇复习的误区，为了让考生能够高效快速的复习词汇，考研教育网编辑团队总结了以下备考要点。

首先，重点掌握英语大纲中必考词汇，深度理解词义我们来了解下大纲的词汇（5560），其中必考词为1575，基础词为2000+，生僻词为1700+.其实考生对于基础词汇比较好巩固，生僻词出现的也不多，考生还是要把重点放在必考词汇中词义的深度理解上，例如：1.yield产量（12次），屈服（15次）。

Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.2000年真题阅读text1，yield to是“向……屈服”，即“被取代”。

此处使用了现在完成时，证明这种状态到现在已成型。

That matters because theory suggests that maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. （2006年阅读1），解析：此处理解为：最高持续产量。

2.address：地址，写地址，演讲，讲话，处理，解决。

Depending on whom you are addressing，the problem will be different. （2002text1）解析：addressing在此是谈话的意思，根据谈话对象的不同，问题也有所不同。

Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless.（2006年完型）解析：注意comprehensive 和address的理解，波士顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过全面规划解决无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

2015英语专四语法重点总结-小语法

2015英语专四语法重点总结：小语法2015年英语专业英语四级考试已进入冲刺阶段，适当做些模拟练习题有助于同学们在考前着重复习自己的弱项，希望百度文库整理的2015英语专四语法重点总结：小语法能给同学们带来帮助。

一、时态1. In his plays Shakespeare _makes____ his characters live through their language.2008A. would makeB. had madeC. madeD. makes2. Linda was to have started_____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.2007A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting3. The committee has anticipated the problems that _will arise___in the road construction project.2007A. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisen4. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _had found ____impossibleto comprehend.2007/2006A. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find5. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _was coming________ until yesterday.2005A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came6. I have been and always_will be___ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.2005A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be7. Jack has been missing______from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety. 2003A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed8. For some time now, world leaders _have been pointing____out the necessity foragreement on arms reduction.2002A. had been pointingB. have been pointingC. were pointingD. pointed9. How can I ever concentrate if you _are____continually _interrupting____me with silly questions?1997A. have…interruptedB. had…interruptedC. are…interruptingD. were…interrupting10. Mr. White works with a chemicals import and export company, but he _isworking____for this industrial fair, since he is on leave. 1997A. has workedB. worksC. has been workingD. is working11. –“I bought t his shirt for 35 Yuan yesterday.” --“It’s on sale today for only 29. You should have waited.”--“Oh really? But how _did___ I know?” (1993)A. wouldB. canC. didD. Do12. When .I-arrived at the meeting, the first speaker_____and the audience_wereclapping____.1992A. had finished speaking, were clappingB. had finished speaking, had clappedC. finished speaking, clappedD. finished speaking, were clapping二、代词考点1：every, each的用法比较Each：两者或两者以上/ Every：三者或三者以上考点:2：another, other, the other, others, the othersanother用于泛指三者以上中的“另一个”other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词the other两者中的“另一个”,是特指others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”= other + 名复the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部考点3：it, one, ones, the one, the ones, that, thoseIt：表同类同物表单数one ：表同类但不同物,表单数，可用形容词修饰，泛指ones：表同类但不同物,表复数，可用形容词修饰，泛指the one ：表同类但不同物,表特指，表单数that：表同类但不同物, 指代单数或不可数the ones / those：表同类不同物，表特指，表复数考点4：as的用法：(1) As much as 达到（和）。

2015高考大纲英语词汇_及_必考高频词解读

2015 高考纲领英语词汇A 1/ 17annoy vt.使愤慨，打搅anxious a.忧愁的，盼望的anyhow ad.不论怎样apart ad.相隔，分开，除掉apartment n. 一套公寓房间apologize vi.致歉，赔罪，认错appearance n.出现，到达，外观apply vt.应用，实行，使用absence n.缺席，不在场，缺少absorb vt.汲取，使专心appointment n.委任，商定，约会appreciate vt.赏识，领悟，感谢abstract a.抽象的 n.纲要 academic a.学院的，学术的approach vt.向凑近n.凑近 architecture n.建筑学，建access n接.近，通道，进口accordingly ad因.此，依据筑式样account n.记述，解说，帐目 accurate a.正确的，正确无误的argue vi.争辩，争辩，争辩arrange vt.筹办，整理，调停accuse vt.谴责，归罪于actor n.男演员arrest vt.拘捕，拘禁 arrival n.抵达，抵达者actress n.女演员 actual a.实质的，现行的artist n.艺术家，美术家ash n.灰，灰末，骨灰adapt vt.使适应，改编admire vt.敬佩，敬羡，赏识ashamed a.愧疚 (的 )，羞愧 (的 ) aside ad.在旁边，到旁边admit vt.认可，允许进入adopt vt.收养，采用，采纳aspect n.方面，样子，表面assistant n助.手，助教adult n.成年人 a.成年的 advance vi.行进，提高 n.进展assume vt.假设，肩负，体现astonish vt.使惊讶，使惊讶adventure n.冒险，惊险活动affair n.事情，事件，事务athlete n.运动员 atmosphere n.大气，氛围affect vt.影响，感人 afterward (s) ad. 此后，此后，随后attach vt.缚，系，贴，附带attack vt.vi.n.攻击，攻击agent n.代理人，代理商agriculture n.农业，农艺，农学attempt vt.试试，试图n.妄图 attend vt.列席，照料，护理ahead ad.在前，向前，提早aid n.帮助，救护，助手attitude n.态度，看法，姿势attract vt.吸引，诱惑aim vi.对准，针对，致力aircraft n.飞机，飞翔器audience n.听众，观众author n. 作者，作家alarm n.惊慌，忧愁，警报album n.集邮本，照相簿，唱片available a.可利用的，通用的average n.均匀数 a.均匀的alcohol n.酒精，乙醇 altogether ad.完整，总而言之award n.奖，奖品，判断aware a.知道的，意识到的amaze vt.使诧异，使惊讶 ambition n.壮心，志向，野心awful a.令人不快乐的amount n.总数，数目，和amuse vt.逗乐，给娱乐 Bbadly ad.坏，差，严重地analyze vt.剖析，分解，分析ancestor n.祖宗，先人badminton n.羽毛球 baggage n行.李anger n.怒，愤慨 vt.使愤慨angle n.角，角度bake vt.烤，烘，烧硬balance vt.使均衡，称 n.天平anniversary n.周年龄念日 announce vt.宣告，发布ban n. 禁令 vt. 严禁，撤消band n.乐队，带，波段2/ 17bar n.酒吧间，条，杆bare a.赤裸的，只是的burst vt.使爆裂vi.n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬，埋藏bargain n.交易vi.议价，成交base n.基础，基层，基地bush n.灌木butcher n. 屠夫，屠户basin n.盆子，盆地basis n.基础，依据button n.扣子，按钮vt.扣紧bath n.沐浴，浴缸 bathe vt.给沐浴，弄湿 Ccafé n.咖啡馆，小餐厅battery n.电池 battle n.战斗，斗争 vi.作战cage n.笼，鸟笼，囚笼calculate vt.计算，预计，计划beard n.胡须，络腮胡须beauty n.美，漂亮，佳人calm a.沉静的 candidate n.候选人，投考者beer n.啤酒 beg vt.vi.恳求，恳求carpet n.地毯，毡毯，毛毯carrot n.胡萝卜beginning n.开始，初步，发源behave vi.表现，举止cart n.二轮运货马车case n.状况，事实，病例belly n.腹部，胃 belong vi.属于，隶属cash n.现金，现款castle n.城堡belt n.带，腰带，区 bench n.长凳，条凳，工作台casual a.有时的，随意的cattle n.牛，牲畜，牲畜bend vt.使曲折 vi.曲折 benefit n.利益，恩泽，津贴cave n.山洞，洞窟，窑洞centimeter n.厘米best a.最好的 better a. 较好的 ad.更好地central a.中心的，主要的ceremony n.典礼，仪式，礼仪billion num.十亿 biology n.生物学，生态学certainly ad.必定，必然，自然chain n.链，链条，项圈birthplace n.出生地 bite vt. 咬，叮，螫challenge n.挑战 champion n.冠军blame vt.责怪，把归罪于blank a.空白的 n.空白channel n.海峡，渠道，频道chapter n.章，回，篇blanket n.毯子 bleed vi.流血character n.性格，特征，角色 characteristic a特.有的n.特征block n.街区 vt.拥塞，阻挠blouse n. 宽松的上衣charge vt.索价，指控 n.花费 chat vi.n. 闲聊，聊天boil vi.沸腾，汽化 vt.煮沸 bomb n.炸弹 vt.轰炸check n.支票cheek n.脸颊，脸蛋bone n.骨，骨骼border n.边沿，界限chief a.主要的，首席的chimney n.烟囱bother vt.搅扰，诱惑n.麻烦brake n.闸，刹车vi.制动cigar n. 雪茄cigarette n.香烟branch n.树枝，分部，分支brand n.商品，烙印vt.铭记citizen n.公民，市民，居民civil a.公民的，文职的brick n.砖块brief a.简洁的vt.作简报clerk n.店员，做事员，职员climate n.天气broad a.宽的，阔的，宽泛的broadcast n.广播，播音clinic n.诊所，医务室，会诊clothing n.衣服broom n. 扫帚bucket n.水桶，吊桶cock n.公鸡，龙头collar n.衣领budget n.估算burden n.担子，负担，装载量3/ 17comb n.梳子 vt.梳理 combine vt.使联合，兼有cupboard n.碗柜 cure vt.医治 n.治愈comedy n.喜剧，喜剧场面comfort n.舒坦，宽慰 vt.宽慰curious a.好奇的，稀罕怪异的curtain n.帘，窗帘，幕 (布 ) comment n.议论，建议，说明 commercial a.商业的，商品化的cushion n.垫子，坐垫，靠垫custom n.习惯，民俗，海关committee n.委员会communism n.共产主义customer n.顾客，顾主cycle n.循环Dcommunist n.共产党员companion n.伙伴damage vt.伤害，破坏n.伤害 damp a.湿润的compete vi.竞赛，竞争，抗衡complex a.联合的，复杂的darkness n.黑暗 dawn n.拂晓，初步comrade n.同志 concentrate vt.集中，齐集，浓缩deadline n. 最后限期debate n.vi.争辩，争辩concern n.关怀，牵挂，关系conclusion n结.论，推论，debt n.债务，负债 declare vt.断言，申明结尾decorate vt.装修 decrease vi.n.减少concrete n.混凝土 a.详细的，实在的 conduct n.举止，行为，指导deed n.行为，伟绩，契约defeat vt.战胜，击败conductor n.售票员， (乐队 )指挥 confident n.确信的，自defence n.防守，辩白defend vt.捍卫，防守信的degree n.程度，度，学位delay vt.推延，耽误，延迟confirm vt.证明，必定，赞成conflict n.争辩，矛盾，斗争delete vt. 删除，擦掉delight n.快乐 vt.使快乐confuse vt.使杂乱，混杂congratulation n. 祝词，贺辞deliver vt.送达，送交demand vt.要求，需要consist vi.由构成 constant a.常常的，永久的department n. 部，司，局，处，系depth n.深度，深处construction n.建筑，建筑物consume vt.耗费，花费description n.描述；形容desert n.荒漠 vt.离弃，擅离contain vt.包括，容纳content a.满意的，知足的deserve vt.应受，值得design vt.设计 n.设计，图样continent n.大陆，洲contribute vt.捐赠，捐助，投稿desire vt.相望，要求 n.梦想 destination n.目的地，终点，convenient a.便利的，方便的convince vt.使确信，使服气目标corn n.谷物，小麦 cottage n.村舍，小屋 counter n.柜台，destroy vt.损坏，消灭detect vt.觉察，觉察，侦探计数器 court n.法庭determine vt. 决定，信心devote vt.将奉献，致力于courtyard n. 庭院，院子crash vi.碰撞，坠落 n.碰撞diagram n.图解，图表，简图dial n.钟面，拨号盘 vt.cream n.奶油 creature n.生物，创建物拨号 diamond n.钻石，菱形dictation n.口传credit n.信誉，分数 crew n.全体船员diet n.饮食，食品 differ vi.不一样，相异crime n.罪，罪状，犯法crop n.农作物，庄稼digest vt.消化，领悟n.文摘 digital a.数字的crossing v. 横越n. 交错口crowd n.群，大众，一伙人dirt n.尘，土，污垢disadvantage n.弊端，短处4/ 17disagree vi.不一样意；不一致disappear vi.不见，失散，消逝error n.错误，错误，差错escape vi逃.跑，逸出 n.逃跑disappoint vt.使绝望 disaster n.灾害especially ad.特别，特别，分外essay n短.文，散文，小品文discount n.折扣 discriminate vt.vi.差别对待，鄙视evaluate vt.议论，估的价event n.事件，事变dislike vt.n.不喜欢，憎恶distance n.距离，远处evidence n.依据，凭证，证人exact a.切实的，精准的distant a.在远处的，疏远的 distinguish vt.差别，鉴别exactly ad.的确这样exchange vt.互换，沟通 n.互换district n.地域，地区 document n.公函，文件exciting a.令人喜悦的exhibition n.展览，陈设，博览会donate vt.vi.捐赠 dormitory n.集体卧室，宿舍exist vi.存在，生计exit n.出口，散场 vi.退出dot n.点，圆点 vt.打点于 download n. (从 BBS)下装，卸载expand vt.扩大，使膨胀expense n.花销，花费，花费downtown adv. 在市里，往市里 drawing n.绘画expert n.专家 a.娴熟的 explanation n.解说，说明，辩白drill n.钻头，演练 vi.钻孔 drown 淹死explode vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸 exploit vt.盘剥，利用，开辟drunka.醉的，沉醉的due a.预期的，应给的explore vt.vi.探险，探究export vt.输出，出口dulla.无聊的，灰暗的dust n.尘埃expression n.词句，表达，表情extra a.额外的 ad.特别地dusty a.多尘埃的，灰蒙蒙的；粉末状的；灰色的extraordinary a.非同平时的，特其他 extremely ad.极其，E 特别Feager a.盼望的，热切的earn vt.挣得，获取fade vi.退色，渐渐消逝failure n.失败，失败的人earthquake n.地震 eastern a.东方的，朝东的fairly ad.相当，公正地 faith n.相信，信心，崇奉edit vt. 编写，编纂，校正effect n.成效，效劳false a.不真切的，假造的familiar a.熟习的elect vt.选举，选举 electricity n.电，电流farther ad.更远地 a.更远的fasten vt.扎牢，扣住，使固定electronic a.电子的 embarrass vt.使窘况，使犯难fault n.弊端，过错，故障favor n.好感，赞成，恩泽emergency n.紧迫状况，忽然事件employ vi.聘用fax n.vt. 传真 feather n.羽毛，翎毛，羽状物endless a.无止境的 engine n.发动机，引擎federal a.联邦的，结盟的fee n.费，酬劳，赏金enjoyable a.令人快乐的，有乐趣的entertainment n. 娱乐，款待，娱乐表演fellow n.人，家伙，伙伴female n.a.女性的，雌性的entire a.所有的，完全的entrance n.进口，进入fence n.栅栏 fiction n.小说，虚假，杜撰envelope n.信封，封套envy vt.n.忌妒，敬羡fierce a.凶狠的，狂热的figure n.数字，外形，人物equal a.相等的，同等的equipment n.装备，设备，装备file n.档案vt.把归档finance n.财政，金融，财路5/ 17fireworks n.[pl.]鞭炮，烟花firm a.坚定的n.企业，商号generous a.大方的，宽厚的gentle a.平和的，柔和的fist n.拳头flame n.火焰，光芒，热忱glance vi.看一下n.一瞥globe n.地球，世界，地球仪flash n.闪光vi.闪，闪耀flight n.航班，飞翔，逃跑flesh n.肉，肌肉，肉体float vi.飘荡vt.使飘荡goal n.球门，得分，目的goods n.货物，商品gradual a.渐渐的，渐进的gradually ad.渐渐地，逐渐地flood n.洪水flour n.面粉，粉末graduate n.大学毕业生vi.毕业graduation n.毕业flow vi. 流动，飞扬，涨潮fluent a.流畅的，流畅的grain n.谷物，谷粒，颗粒grand a.雄伟的，重要的focus vi.聚焦，凝视n.焦点foggy a.有雾的，模糊的grasp vt.抓紧，掌握n.抓 gravity n.重力，引力，严重性fold vt. 折叠，合拢n.褶 folk n.人们，家眷，家属greatly ad.大大地，特别地；伟大地，崇敬地greet vt.fond a.喜欢的，宠爱的fool n.傻子 vt.欺诈，捉弄问候，招呼，反响foolish a.愚笨的 forbid vt.严禁grey n./a.灰色 (的 ) grocer n.杂货商forecast n.展望，预告vt.预示 forever ad.永久，老是，grocery n.杂货店 guide n.导游 vt.指导老是guilty a.愧疚的，有罪的forgive vt.谅解，饶恕former a. 在前的 n.前者高考必备单词 985 (H-Z)fortnight n.两礼拜，十四天fortunate a.好运的Hfortunately ad.好运地，幸好fortune n.命运，运气，财富haircut n.剪发；发型，发式hammer n. 锤子vt.锤击found vt. 创办，创办fountain n.泉水，喷泉handkerchief n.手帕 handle n.柄，把手 vt.办理freedom n.自由 frequent a.常常的happiness n.幸福；知足harbour n.港frequently ad.常常，屡次地frighten vt.使惊慌，恐吓hard-working adj. 勤奋 hardship n.困难，困苦fry vt.油煎，油炸，油炒fuel n.燃料 vt.给加燃料harm n.伤害，伤害 vt.伤害 harmony n.协调，和睦function n.功能，职务，函数fur n.软毛，毛皮，裘皮harvest n.收获，收成vt.收割 headmaster n. 英国中小学校长，男舍监further ad. 更进一步G hesitate vi.踌躇，迟疑highway n.公路，大路gain vt.获取，增添n.增进hire vt.聘用 honey n.蜜，蜂蜜，甜，甜蜜garbage n.垃圾，污物，废料gas n.煤气，气体hopeless a.没有希望的，无望的horrible a. 可怕的，极gather vi.齐集，会合vt.采集 gay a.快乐的，鲜亮的可憎的，极可厌的generally ad.一般地，往常地generation n.一代，一代人，host n.主人，东道主 housewife n.家庭主妇产生humour v. 纵容，将就 ? hunger n.饥饿，盼望lack vt.缺少，不足n.欠缺的东西hunt n.vt.狩猎，找寻ladder n.梯子lately ad.近来Iidentity n.身分，同样vt.确立身份ignore vt.不管，不理，忽视illegal a.非法的immediate a.立刻的，直接的immigrate v.移民import vt.n. 输入，进口importance n.重要性impress vt.给深刻印象income n.收入，利润indeed ad.真切地，的确independent a.独立的，自主的indicate vt.标示，表示，表示infer vt.推论，推测，猜想later ad.此后latter a.( 二者中 )后者的lawyer n.律师league n.联盟，结盟leak vi.漏；泄漏n.破绽lecture vi.演讲；授课n.演讲；授课legal a.合法的length n.长度less a.更少的 ad.更少地liberate vt. 解放，开释librarian n.图书室馆员lifetime n. 终生inform vt. 通知，向报告innocent a.清白的，天真的lightning n.闪电likely a.可能的 ad.很可能insect n.昆虫 insert vt.插入，嵌入limit vt.限制，限制 n.限度，限制link vt.连结 n.联系inspire vt.激励，给以灵感instant n.瞬时 a.立刻的lip n.嘴唇 liquid n.液体 a.液体的，流动的institute n.研究所，学院instrument n.仪器，工具，乐器literature n.文学 (作品 ) litre n.公升insurance n.保险，保险费intelligence n.智力，理解力，living-room n.起居室 load vt.装，装满 n.负载；负担情报loaf n.一条面包local a.地方的 n.局部intend vt.想要，打算，意指interpret vt.解说，说明，口译loose a.宽松的；自由的lorry n.卡车interpreter n. 翻译 interrupt vt.打断，打搅，中断loss n.丢失；失败；损失luggage n.行李，皮箱J 肺lung n.Mjam n.果酱 jar n.罐子，坛子，广口瓶mailbox n.邮箱jazz n.爵士音乐，爵士舞曲journalist n.记者，新闻工作者major vi.主修，专攻 a.主要的，多半的 n.专业majority n.多半 male a.男的，雄的journey n.旅游，旅途judge n.法官，评判员mankind n.人类 manner n.方式，态度；礼貌jungle n.森林，密林 junior a.年少的，地位较低的n.晚辈march n.三月 mass n.大批；民众justice n.正义，公正，司法material n. 资料，原料；素材 a.物质的Kmathematics n.数学matter n.事情；物质vi.重要，相关系kindergarten n.幼儿园L maximum n.最大批 a.最大的means n.方法，手段meanwhile ad.同时，当时measure vt.量，丈量 n.丈量；nowhere ad.任何地方都不nuclear a.原子核的；核心的举措nut n.坚果nutrition n. 营养medal n.奖章，纪念章media n. 媒体mental a. 智力的；精神的menu n.菜单merchant n.商人mercy n.仁爱merely ad.只是，只可是merry a.欢喜的，快乐的Oobey vt.服从 vi.听从 observe vt.察看，注意到obtain vt.获取 obvious a.不言而喻的occupation n.占据，据有；职业，工作 occupy vt.占据，据有；繁忙midday n.正午 midnight n.子夜occur vi.发生 official a.官方的 n.官员，行政人员mild a.温柔的；暖和的million num.百万onto prep.到上 opera n.歌剧mine pron.我的 n.矿，矿山；地雷，水雷vt.开采operate vi.操作；实行手术opinion n.建议，看法mineral n.矿物 a.矿物的 minimum n.最小量 a.最小的oppose vt.反对，抗争opposite a.对面的 n.对峙物minister n.部长，大臣minority n.少量派；少量民族optimistic a.乐观的oral a.口头的miserable a.难过的，凄惨的misunderstand vt.误会，误会orbit n.运转轨道 vt.围绕 ordinary a.平时的，平庸的mix vt.使混杂；混杂mobile a.运动的，挪动的organize vt.组织，安排；筹办original a.最先的；新奇modest a.谦虚的 moral a.符合道德的 n.道德，品德的 n.创新motor n.发动机，灵活车mountainous adj.多山的otherwise ad.此外，要否则ought aux.应当mourn vi.哀思，悼念movement n.动作；活动；挪动outdoor a./ad. 户外的，野外的outdoors ad.在户外 n.户外multiply vt. 增添；乘 musical a.音乐的outer a.外面的，外面的outline n.轮廓；纲领Noutstanding a.突出的，优秀的overcome vt.战胜，战胜nail n.钉子；指甲 vt.钉 nation n.民族，国家owe vt.欠；归功于ox n.公牛nationality n.国籍，民族native a.当地的 n.当地人navy n.海军 neat a.整齐的；简洁的oxygen n.氧，氧气Pneedle n.针 vt.缝补，编织nephew n.侄子，外甥pack vt.捆扎，打包；挤满n.包 packet n.小包nest n.巢，窝 net a.净的，纯的 n.网，网状物pain n.难过；痛苦painful a.难过的niece n.侄女，外甥女noble a.崇高的 n.贵族painting n.油画；绘画pan n.平底锅noisy a.喧闹的，喧杂的noun n.名词panic n.惊慌，慌张paragraph n.(文章的 )段，节novel n.小说 a.奇特的，新奇的 nowadays ad.当今，现parcel n.包裹，邮包parrot n.鹦鹉在 n.当今，现在participate vi.参加，参加particular a.特别的，特定的8/ 17precious a.宝贵的，可贵的predict vt.预知，展望partly ad.部分地 partner n.伙伴，搭挡，合伙人；配偶prefer vt.宁愿，宁愿 press vi.压，按 vt.压；压迫 n.印刷； passer-by n. 过路人 passive a 被.动的，悲观的新闻，报刊；第一版社pattern n.式样，模型 pause n.中断 vi.中断，暂停 pretend vt.假装，装作 vi.假装 principle n.原则，原理 peaceful a.和平的；沉静的 pence n. penny 的复数 process n 过.程 vt.办理 production n.产品；产量 per prep.每，每一perform vt.执行；演出profession n.职业 professor n.教授performance n.执行；表演；表现 permit vt.赞成 n.执照， profit n.利润 vi.受益 project n.计划；工程；项目 vi.伸出赞成证vt.设计，规划persuade vt.说服 petrol n.汽油promote vt.促进，提高；销售 province n.省phenomenon n.现象 phrase n.短语，习习用语publish vt.宣告，发布；第一版，刊印 pump n.泵 vt.用泵抽，打气pile n.堆 vt.堆叠 pill n.药丸punishment n.处罚 purchase vt.购置 n.购置；赃物pillow n.枕头 pin n.别针，钉子 vt.钉住pure a.贞洁的 puzzle n.难题；谜 vi.使诱惑 pipe vt.用管道输送 n.管子，导管；烟斗 platform n.站台， Q讲台quality n.质量；特征 quantity n.数目；大批 player n.表演者，竞赛者 playmate n. 玩伴，游伴 quarrel vi.争执 n.争执，吵嘴 queue n.行列 vi.排队等待pleased a.快乐的 plough n.犁 vt.犁，耕 quit vt. 走开，停止；离职 poet n. 诗人毒药 vt. 迫害；投毒Rpoison n.range vi.改动，变化 n.范围pole n.杆，柱 policy n.政策，目标rank n.军衔 vt.归类于 rate n.比率；速度；价钱 vt.议论， political a.政治上的 politics n.政治估价pollution n.污染 port n.港口ray n.光芒；射线 react vi.反响positive a.确立的；踊跃的；正的 possession n 财.产reading n.阅读；读物 reality n.现实；真切 possibly ad.可能地，或许 postcode n. 邮递区号 reception a.招待；招待处 recognize vt.认出，辨别 pot n.锅 potential a.潜伏的 n.潜能recommend vt.介绍 recover vt.恢复，康复 pour vt.流，滂沱大雨 vi.倾注 powder n.粉末；火药 recycle vt.重复利用 reduce vt.减少，减小 power n.能力；电力；权益powerful a. 强有力的refer vt.求援于 vi.谈到；参照，查阅 reflect vt.反射，反映；思虑practical a.适用的 pray vt.恳求；祷告reform n. 改革，改进 vt.改革，改革 register vt.登记，9/ 17注册 n.登记，注册salary n.薪资 satellite n.卫星regular a.规则的，齐整的；按期的，惯例的reject vt. satisfaction n.满意 scan vt.阅读；扫描拒绝；扔掉；驳回scare vt.惊吓 vi.吃惊 scene n.情形；风景relate vt.联系 relative a.相关系的；相对的 n.亲戚，家属schedule vt.安排 n.时间表，计划表 scholarship n奖.学金relevant a.相关的；中肯的reliable a.靠谱的scientific a.科学的 scold vt.责备religion n.宗教崇奉 rely vi.依靠，依靠；信任scream vi.尖叫 n.尖喊声 seaside n.海边remark vi.议论 n.议论；备注 remind vt.提示section n.切片；部门；章节secure a.安全的remote a.遥远的 remove vt.挪动；搬家seed n.种 (子 )，籽 seek vt.找寻，探究rent n.租金，租 vi.出租 repair vt. 维修，维修 n.维修seize vt.抓住；争夺，据有select vt.选择 vi.精选repeat vt.重说，重做 n.重复 reply vi.回答，回复 n.回复self n.自我，自己 selfish a.自私的，利己的represent vt.描述；代表，象征 \ republic n.共和国senior a.年长辈；资格老的sensitive a.敏感的，敏捷的reputation n.声誉，名誉request n.恳求，要求 vt.恳求，要求settle vt.安排，安置；解决vi.定居 sew vt.缝制rescue vt.援救，救援reserve vt.贮备，保存；预约sex n.性别，性 shade n.树荫；遮光物 vi.隐蔽resist vt.抵挡，抵制respect vt.敬爱，尊敬 n.敬爱shadow n.暗影，影子 shallow a.浅的，浅陋的n.浅滩respond vi.回答；响应responsible a.有责任的；尽责的sharp ad.(时辰 )整 a.尖利的；敏锐的；难听的retire vi.退休 revise vt.校正，改正shave vt.剃，刮 vi.修面 n.刮脸 sheet n.被单；纸张，薄片revolution n.革命；旋转reward n.报恩；酬劳 vt.报恩；shelter n.遮蔽处 vt.遮盖，掩护 shock n.冲击；震撼；电酬劳击 vi.震动ripe a.成熟的；机遇成熟的risk n.风险，危险 vt.冒险shoot vt.发射；射门，投篮n.抽芽 shopping n.购物rob vt.打劫，抢掠 vi.打劫，抢掠rocket n.火箭shore n.滨，岸 shortcoming n.弊端，弊端roll vi.转动，转动 n.一卷；名册roof n.屋顶shot n.射击，发射；投篮sigh vi.叹息，惋惜 n.惋惜root n.根 (部 )；本源 vi.生根，扎根rough a.表面不平的；sign n.符号；征兆 vt.署名 signal n.信号 vi.发信号大略的；大概的significance n.意义，意味；重要性simply ad.简单地；rude a.粗野的，残暴的ruin n.破坏；废墟 vt.破坏朴实地；只是，只可是Ssincere a.真挚的，诚挚的sincerely ad.真挚地sacrifice vt.牺牲，献祭 sailor n.船员，水兵sink vi.下沉，降低 n.水槽，水池 skin vt.剥皮 n.皮，皮10/ 17肤；兽皮suit n.起诉，诉讼 vt.合适 suitable a.适合的；合适的skyscraper n摩.天大楼slave n.奴隶，苦工sum n.总数；金额 vi.合计 summary a.简洁的，简要的slight a.修长的；稍微的slightly ad.稍微地n.纲要，总结slim a.修长的，细小的smooth a.光滑的，沉静的sunset n.日落 sunshine n.阳光sneaker n. 鬼头鬼脑做事的人，鄙俗者，运动鞋 soccer n. support vt.支持；奉养；蒙受surround vt.包围，围绕英式足球survive vt.幸免于 vi.活下来swallow vt.吞，咽 vi.吞，咽socialism n社.会主义 socialist a社.会主义的n.燕子software n.软件 soil n.土壤；土地switch n.开关；变换 vt.变换 symbol n.象征；符号solar a.太阳的，日光的soul n.灵魂，精神；人sympathy n.怜悯，怜悯心system n.系统；制度Tspecific a.独有的；详细的spit vi.吐唾沫tailor n.裁缝 vt.裁制衣服talent n.天才，才能splendid a.壮丽的，明显的split vt.劈开tank n.坦克；大容器 tap vt.轻打，轻敲 n.塞子，龙头；轻叩，轻拍spoken a. 口头讲的，口语的vbl. speak 的过去分词sponsor n.倡始者 vt.倡始target n.靶；目标 tax n.税 (款 )vt.收税spot vt.认出，发现 n.点，斑点；地址spy n.间谍，特务tear n. 泪滴，眼泪 vt.扯开，扯破 technical a.技术的，vt.侦探，监督工艺的technique n.技巧，技术teenager n.青少年stable a.稳固的，平定的n.马厩，马棚stadium n. 露天大型体育场telegram n.电报 telegraph n.电报 (机 ) v.发电报staff n.全体工作人员 stage n.舞台；阶段，期间telescope n.望远镜 television n.电视，电视机stair n.楼梯 stare vi.凝望temple n.神殿，庙宇；太阳穴temporary a.暂时的，暂时的starve vi.饿死 vt.使饿死steady a.坚固的 vt.使稳固tend vi.走向，趋势 tendency n.趋势，趋势steam n.蒸汽 vi.蒸发 vt.蒸煮 steel n.钢tense a.紧张的；拉紧的n.时态 theme n.题目；词干；主旋律straight a.直的；正直的ad.直接地strength n.力量，力气theory n.理论，学说therefore ad.所以，所以stress n压.力；重音 vt.侧重，重申strike vt.打，击；罢工 n.停工；打击；殴打thief n. 窃贼，盗窃犯thinking n.思虑；想法，看法struggle n.斗争；奋斗vi.斗争；奋斗studio n.工作室，throat n. 咽喉 throughout prep.遍布 ad.各处播音室thus ad.这样，这样；因此tick n.滴答声；记号vi.发出style n.风格，式样suck vt.吸，吮滴答声suddenly ad.忽然suffer vt.遭到，忍耐vi.受害，受损失tight a.紧的；紧身的ad.牢牢地timetable n. 时间表；时11/ 17刻表various a.各种各种的vast a.巨大的，广阔的tin n.锡；罐头tip vt.轻击 vi.给小费 n.小费vehicle n.车辆verb n.动词tire vi.疲惫；厌烦n.轮胎title n.标题，题目；称呼，头衔victim n.牺牲者，受害者view vt. 对待；看n.看法；风景tobacco n.烟草，烟叶tolerate vt. 忍耐，容忍violent a.剧烈的，狂暴的virus n.病毒topic n.题目；论题，话题tough a.坚韧的；强健的visa n.签证；信誉卡volunteer n.志愿者vt.志愿track n.行迹，路径；轨道tractor n.拖沓机vote n.选举，投票voyage n.航海vi.航海，航空tradition n. 传统，老例transport n.运输vt.运输Wtrap n.圈套；诡计vt.诱骗trend vi.伸向；偏向n.偏向wage n.薪资，酬劳waiter n. 侍从，服务员trial n.试验；审讯trick n.诡计；诀窍vt.利用waitress n.女侍从，女服务员wave n.波，波浪；起伏vi.颠簸；招手type n. 种类vi.打字typewriter n. 打字机weakness n.短处web n.(蜘蛛 )网，网状物；网络typical a.典型的，代表性的typist n.打字员website WWW( 全球网)的站点wedding n.婚礼tyre n.轮胎U weed n.杂草，野草vi.除草well-known a.尽人皆知的underline vt.在下划线；重申whisper vt.低声地讲vi.低语n.密语，密语whistle n.口understanding n.理解，理解力unfair a.不公正的哨 vi.吹口哨uniform a.同样的n.制服unique a.独一的wild a.野生的；野蛮的n.荒地willing a.心甘宁愿的unite vi.联合vt.使联合united adj.一致的；联合的wind n.风wipe vt. 揩，擦n.揩，擦universe n.宇宙，世界unknown a.未知的，不著名的wire n.金属线，电缆within prep. 在里面；不超出unusual a.不平时的，独到的update vt.更新，使现代化witness n.凭证；证人vt.目睹wooden a.木制的；古板的n.现代化，更新wool n.羊毛，毛线worse a.更坏的ad.更坏upset vt.使不适，使心烦n.杂乱upward a.向上的，上升的ad.向上，往上worst a.最坏的ad.最坏地worthwhile a. 值得的urban a.都市的usually ad.往常urgent a.紧迫的would aux.将；愿意Yyouth n.青春；青年Vvalley n.山谷，流域valuable a.值钱的，有价值的n.名贵物件variety n.多样化，种类12/ 172013 高考必考词汇400 词46.stimulate vt.刺激,激励47.acquire vt.获得,获取；学到48.accomplish vt . 达成 ,抵达；推行work n.网状物；广播网,电视网；网络1.alter v. 改变 ,改动 ,更改50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流2.burst vi.n. 忽然发生 ,爆裂51.tidy a. 整齐的 ,齐整的3.dispose vi. 除掉；处理；解决；办理 (of) 52.trace vt. 追踪 ,找到 n. 印迹 ,踪影4.blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸 ,炸掉53.torture n./vt. 拷打 ,摧残5.consume v. 耗费 ,耗尽54.wander vi. 遨游 ,闲逛6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的55.wax n. 蜡7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；厌弃56.weave v. 织 ,编8.spill v. 溢出 ,溅出 ,倒出57.preserve v. 保护 ,保存 ,保持 ,保持9.slip v. 滑动 ,滑落；忽视61. abuse v. 滥用 ,凌虐；诅咒10.slide v. 滑动 ,滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的11.bacteria n. 细菌63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会12.breed n. 种 ,品种 v. 生殖 ,产仔64. battery n. 电池（组）13.budget n. 估算 v. 编估算 ,作安排65. barrier n. 阻碍；棚栏14.candidate n. 候选人66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物15.campus n. 校园67. career n. 生涯 ,职业16.liberal a. 大方的；丰富的；自由的68. vessel n. 船舶；容器 ,器皿；血管17.transform v. 转变 ,改革；变换69. vertical a. 垂直的18.transmit v. 流传 ,播放；传达70. oblige v. 迫使 ,责成；使感谢19.transplant v. 移植71. obscure a. 灰暗 ,模糊20.transport vt. 运输 ,运送 n. 运输 ,运输工具72. extent n. 程度 ,范围 ,大小 ,限度21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变73. exterior n. 外面 ,表面 a. 外面的 ,表面的22.vary v. 变化 ,改变；使多样化74. external a. 外面的 ,表面的 ,外面的23.vanish vi. 消灭 ,不见75. petrol n. 汽油24.swallow v. 吞下 ,咽下 n. 燕子76. petroleum n. 石油25.suspicion n. 思疑 ,怀疑77. delay vt./n. 推延 ,延迟 ,耽误26.suspicious a. 思疑的 ,可疑的78. decay vi. 腐化 ,腐败d a. 暖和的 ,暖和的；温柔的 ,味淡的79. decent a. 像样的 ,风光的28.tender a. 温柔的；柔弱的80. route n. 路；路线；航线29.nuisance n. 伤害 ,阻碍 ,厌烦（的人或事物）81. ruin v. 破坏 ,损坏 n. 破坏 ,[pl.] 废墟30.insignificant a. 无心义的 ,不足轻重的；无价值的82. sake n. 缘由 ,原由31.accelerate vt. 加快 ,促进83. satellite n. 卫星32.absolute a. 绝对的 ,无条件的；完整的84. scale n. 大小 ,规模；等级；刻度33.boundary n. 分界限 ,界限85. temple n. 庙宇34.brake n. 刹车 ,制动器 v. 刹住（车）86. tedious a. 乏滋味 ,单一的35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目87. tend vi. 易于 ,趋势36.vague a. 模糊的 ,不明确的88. tendency n. 趋势 ,趋势37.vain n. 白费 ,空费89. ultimate a. 极端的 ,最大的 ,最后的 n. 极端38.extinct a. 绝灭的 ,熄灭的90. undergo v. 经历 ,遭到39.extraordinary a. 不平时的 ,特其他 ,非凡的91. abundant a. 丰富的 ,丰裕的 ,大批的40.extreme a. 极度的 ,极端的 n. 极端 ,过分92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采用41.agent n. 代理人 ,代理商；动因 ,原由93. adapt vi. 适应 ,合适；改编 ,改写 vt. 使适应42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料 ,酒精94. bachelor n. 学士 ,学士学位；只身一人汉43.appeal n./vi. 号召 ,央求95. casual a. 有时的 ,刚巧的；暂时的；非正式的44.appreciate vt. 重视 ,赏识 ,赏识96. trap n. 圈套 ,骗局 v. 设圈套捕获45.approve v. 同意 ,赞成 ,赞成97. vacant a. 空的 ,未占用的13/ 1798. vacuum n. 真空 ,真空吸尘器145. range n. 幅度 ,范围 v. （在某范围内）改动99. oral a. 口头的 ,口述的 ,口的146. wonder n.100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学147. isolate vt. 使隔绝 ,使孤立148. issue n.149. hollow a. 空的 ,中空的 ,空虚道101. organ n. 风琴150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住102. excess n. 过分 ,过度 ,剩余151. adequate a. 合适地；足够103. expel v. 驱赶 ,开除 ,赶出152. adhere vi. 粘附 ,附着；恪守 ,坚持104. expend v. 花费153. ban vt.105. expenditure n. 支出 ,花费；经费154. capture vt.106. expense n. 开支 ,花费155. valid a. 有效的 ,有依据的；正当的107. expensive a. 花销多的；价钱尊贵的156. valley n. 山谷 ,峡谷108. expand v. 扩大 ,扩充；睁开 ,膨胀157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的 ,有始有终的109. expansion n. 扩大 ,扩大；发展 ,膨胀158. continuous a. 持续的 ,连续（不停）的110. private a. 个人的159. continual a. 不停地 ,屡次的111. individual a. 个其他 ,独自的 n. 个人 ,个体160. explode v. 迸发；激增112. personal a. 个人的；亲身的161. exploit v. 盘剥；利用 ,开采114. personnel n. [ 总称 ] 人员 ,职工；162. explore v. 勘探115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋163. explosion n. 激增116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋164. explosive a. 极易惹起争辩的117. the Arctic Ocean 165. remote a. 遥远的 ,荒僻的118. the Antarctic Ocean 166. removal n. 除掉 ,除去119. grant vt. 授与 ,赞成 ,准予167. render vt. 使得 ,以致119. grand a. 雄伟大 ,壮丽的 ,重要的167. render vt.120. invade v. 168. precaution n. 预防 ,防范 ,警惕121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的；尖刻的169. idle a. 懒散的 ,无所作为的122. acknowledge v. 认可；道谢170. identify vt. 认出 ,判定123. balcony n. 露台171. identify n. 身份；个性 ,特征124. calculate vt. 计算 ,核算172. poverty n. 贫困125. calendar n. 日历 ,月历173. resistant a. (to) 抵挡的 ,抗 ...的 ,耐 ...的126. optimistic a. 乐观174. resolve vt. 解决；决定 ,决意127. optional a. 175. barrel n. 桶128. outstanding a. 176. bargain n.129. export n. 177. coarse a.130. import n. 178. coach n.131. impose vt. 把 .. 179. code n.132. religion n. 180. coil n.133. religious a. 181. adult n.134. victim n. 182. advertise v.135. video n. 183. advertisement n.136. videotape n. 184. agency n.137. offend v. 185. focus v.138. bother v. 186. forbid vt.139. interfere v. 187. debate n./v. 辩140. internal a. 188. debt n.141. beforehand ad. 早先 ,早先189. decade n.142. racial a. 190. enclose vt.143. radiation n. 191. encounter vt./n.144. radical a. 192. globe n.14/ 17193. global a. 242. automatic a. 自动的194. scan vt. 243. compete vi. 竞争 ,竞赛195. scandal n. 244. competent a. 有能力的 ,能胜任的196. significance n. 245. competition n. 竞争 ,竞赛197. subsequent a. 246. distribute vt. 散发198. virtue n. 247. disturb vt. 打搅 ,阻碍199. virtual a. 248. infer v. 推论 ,推测249. integrate v. （使）成为一体 ,（使）归并201. portion n. 一部分250. moist a. 湿润202. target n. 目标 ,靶子 vt. 对准251. moisture n. 湿润203. portable a. 手提式的252. promote vt. 促进；提高204. decline v. 拒绝 ,拒绝；降落253. region n. 地域；范围；幅度205. illusion n. 错觉254. register v./n. 登记 ,注册206. likelihood n. 可能 ,可能性255. stable a. 稳固的207. stripe n. 条纹256. sophisticated a. 老于世故的 ,干练的；很复杂的208. emphasize vt. 重申 ,侧重257. splendid a. 极好的 ,壮丽的 ,绚烂的209. emotion n. 感情 ,感情258. cancel vt. 撤消 ,取销210. emotional a. 感情的 ,情绪（上）的259. variable a. 易变的 ,可变的211. awful a. 极坏的 ,庄严的 ,可怕的260. prospect n. 远景 ,前程；情形212. awkward a. 蠢笨的 ,棘手的261. prosperity n. 兴盛 ,繁华213. clue n. 线索 ,提示262. aspect n. 方面；朝向；相貌214. collision n. 碰撞 ,矛盾263. cope vi. (with) （成功地）对付 ,办理215. device n. 装置 ,设备264. core n. 果心 ,核心216. devise vt. 发明 ,策划 ,想出265. maintain vt. 保持 ,保持；坚持 ,主张217. inevitable a. 不行防止的266. mainland n. 大陆218. naval a. 海军的267. discipline n. 纪律；处罚；学科219. navigation n. 航行268. domestic a. 本国的 ,国内的；家用的；家庭的220. necessity n. 必需品；必需性269. constant a. 不变的 ,恒定的 n. 常数221. previous a. 先,前 ,从前的270. cliff n. 绝壁 ,峭壁222. provision n. [pl.] 给养 ,口粮；准备 ,设备 ,装置271. authority n. 威望；当局223. pursue vt. 追赶；追求；从事 ,进行272. audio a. 听觉224. stale a. 不新鲜的 ,迂腐的273. attitude n. 态度225. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 取代274. community n. 社区 ,社会226. deserve vt. 应受 ,应得 ,值得275. commit vt. 犯（错误 ,罪状等） ,干（坏事等）227. discrimination n. 鄙视；鉴别力276. comment n./vt. 议论228. professional a. 职业的 ,特意的277. distinguish vt. 划分 ,鉴别229. secure a. 安全的 ,靠谱的278. distress n. 难过 ,伤心 vt. 使难过230. security n. 安全 ,保障279. facility n. [pl.] 设备 ,设备；便利 ,方便231. scratch v./n. 抓 ,搔,扒280. faculty n. 能力 ,技术 ;系 ,学科 / 院 ;全体教员232. talent n. 才能 ,天资；人材281. mixture n. 混杂 ,混杂物233. insurance n. 保险 ,保险费282. mood n. 心情 ,情绪；语气234. insure vt. 给 ...保险 ,保证 ,保证283. moral a. 道德上的 ,有道德的235. nevertheless ad. 仍旧 ,但是 ,可是284. prominent a. 突出的236. neutral a. 中立的 ,中性的285. substance n. 物质；实质237. spot n. 地址；斑点 vt. 认出 ,发现；玷辱286. substantial a. 可观的；坚固的；实质的238. spray v. 喷 ,（使）溅散287. prompt vt. 促进 a. 矫捷的 ,实时的239. medium a. 中等的 ,适中的 n. 媒介物 ,新闻媒介288. vivid a. 生动的240. media n. 新闻传媒289. vocabulary n. 词汇（量）；词汇表241. auxiliary a. 协助的 ,备用的290. venture n. 风险投资 ,风险项目 v. 冒险；取于。

学术英语考试重点(重要)

参考复习要点：根据考试题型结合每个unit后面相应的练习有重点的复习。

比如说前面几个单元语言基础知识的练习比较多，有formal 和informal words 的区别，动词的名词化在学术英语写作中的应用，有翻译练习，有体现如何正确应用表示因果关系的填空题等。

配对会考原题，注意时态翻译。

后面几个单元有语言知识外，介绍了如何写summary 和paraphrase以及他们的区别。

在论文结构的写作上，除了应掌握每部分所包括的要素外，最后作文是conclusion 或abstract。

要掌握它们所包括的要素或内容和正确的写法。

unit 9 的reference 主要通过书上练习答案了解和掌握science style 和MLA style 在文献引用特别是文献参考目录中格式上或写法上的不同。

unit 10 主要是要学会怎么写投稿信（cover letter), 掌握它的格式和所包括的内容，背诵书上cover letter p122。

unit 5 reporting results 这个单元中根据图表进行描写来总结汇报结果，有可能选选一篇合适的Sample抽掉词让你们选择填空。

看一看每个单元的language focus和passage reading。

重点章节：2、4、74页的2Language Focus2.1.1标一下T，应该是配对题17页2.2.128页3.239页1.3.141页那个表格43页的翻译44页3.3reordering句子48页4.254页2.1开头两段和底下那个表58页上面那个表60页两个图表下面的那两段71页Emphasising cause 前两个80页1.2，注明要素84页3.186页3.4 说是题型，没有说是不是原题93页1.2注明keywords100页3.2注明Abstract语法要素，informative abstract和abstract structure相互转换115页Language Focus123页上面那个带圈的123456，注明要素排序。

2015年职称英语考试重点语法汇总(综合类A级)

词类、名词的数与格一、词类：英语中主要有：名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连接词、冠词等。

对于初学者，必须搞清。

1、名词(包括代词和数词)：在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和另一名词的形容词。

2、动词：见第二讲3、形容词：可在句子中作表语、名词的定语注意：以下-ly结尾的词不是副词，是形容词：friendly(友好的)lovely(可爱的)deadly(致命的)costly(昂贵的)likely(可能的)lonely(孤独的)alone(单独的)lively(活泼的)ugly(丑陋的)kindly(和蔼的)manly(男子气的)等4、副词：主要用来说明动词、形容词和副词本身。

注意：除了in,up,down,on,inside,outside.等只有一些表示方向和位置的副词外，副词不能作表语。

例如：Please help me water these flowers when I am out.(我不在时请帮我浇浇花。

)5、介词：又称前置词，即放在名词前面的"小词".注意：1)介词后面一定是个名词(除习惯外)，例如不能说：because of ill，而应该为：because of illness;2)介词后面不能跟that从句，即只能跟名词或带-wh开头的从句，这是英语语法的一条重要规则，如不能说：He did not come to the party because of he was ill.但可以是：She got angry because of what he said.(她因他的话而生气了。

)6、连接词：用来连接两个或两个以上词或句子的词。

注意：英语中一般不能同时使用两个连接词，如不能说：Although he is very rich,but he is not happy.(只要将although或but 去掉一个即可)关于连接词的使用，详见"第三讲：句子的连接"一节。

学术英语词汇知识点总结

学术英语词汇知识点总结In the academic world, having a strong command of English vocabulary is essential for success. Whether it's for reading academic texts, writing papers, or participating in discussions, a broad and well-developed vocabulary is crucial for effective communication. In this paper, we will explore some key points about academic English vocabulary, including the importance of vocabulary, strategies for vocabulary development, and common academic vocabulary types and examples.The Importance of Vocabulary in Academic EnglishHaving a rich vocabulary is crucial in academic English for several reasons. First, it allows students to comprehend and engage with complex and specialized texts. Many academic disciplines have their own jargon and terminology, and without a solid vocabulary foundation, it can be challenging to understand these specialized terms. Additionally, a strong vocabulary is necessary for expressing ideas and arguments clearly and precisely in academic writing. Using the right words and terms can make a significant difference in how one's ideas are perceived by others. Finally, a diverse vocabulary also enables students to participate actively in class discussions and seminars, as well as to engage in debates and collaborate effectively with peers.Strategies for Vocabulary DevelopmentThere are several strategies that students can employ to improve their academic English vocabulary. One of the most effective methods is reading widely and regularly. By exposing themselves to diverse texts and genres, students can encounter a wide range of vocabulary and see how it is used in different contexts. Reading academic journals, textbooks, and scholarly articles relevant to their field of study can also help students familiarize themselves with discipline-specific vocabulary. Another useful strategy is keeping a vocabulary notebook or using digital tools to record and review new words. By actively engaging with new words and practicing their usage, students can reinforce their understanding and retention of vocabulary. Additionally, students can also take advantage of resources such as flashcards, vocabulary apps, and online learning platforms to enhance their vocabulary acquisition.Academic Vocabulary Types and ExamplesIn academic English, there are several types of vocabulary that students should be familiar with. These include general academic vocabulary, discipline-specific vocabulary, and academic word lists. General academic vocabulary consists of words and phrases that are commonly used across various academic disciplines and are essential for navigating the academic environment. Examples of general academic vocabulary include "analyze," "evaluate," "hypothesize," and "synthesize." Discipline-specific vocabulary, on the other hand, refers to terms and jargon that are unique to a particular field of study. For instance, in the field of biology, terms such as "DNA," "mitosis," "ecosystem," and "photosynthesis"are considered discipline-specific vocabulary. Lastly, academic word lists such as the Academic Word List (AWL) and the General Service List (GSL) contain high-frequency words that are commonly used in academic settings. These word lists are valuable resources for students looking to expand their academic English vocabulary.ConclusionIn conclusion, academic English vocabulary is an essential component of academic success. Developing a strong and diverse vocabulary is crucial for understanding complex texts, communicating effectively, and participating actively in academic discourse. By employing effective vocabulary development strategies and familiarizing themselves with different types of academic vocabulary, students can enhance their language skills and thrive in academic environments. It is important for educators to support and encourage students in their vocabulary development, as a well-developed vocabulary is fundamental to academic achievement. With the right tools and resources, students can continue to expand their academic English vocabulary and excel in their academic endeavors.。

2015高考英语高频知识点汇总

2015高考高频知识点梳理（旨在查漏补缺----提高单选、完形、阅读、改错及书面表达各项得分）讲义说明：每天用一点时间（早读和晚读的20分钟左右），读一读；背一背；理一理。

经验告诉我们：清楚的梳理课本知识点会帮助同学们构成完整的英语知识体系，达到在高考复习阶段让英语再上一个台阶的效果。

记住：将自己的知识盲点用彩笔标出，完成后再重复背记，会让你更加自信。

预祝大家2014年高考取得理想的成绩1. abandon oneself to sth. 完全屈从于（某种感情或冲动）；沉迷于2. have an (the )ability to do sth. ( have the ability in doing sth.)有能力做某事3. to the best of one's ability 尽某人最大的力4. be about to do when…正准备做某事突然。

5. above all 首先，最重要；in all 总计after all 毕竟; 终究all in all总之6 .at home and abroad 在国内外go abroad 出国7. in sb.'s absence /in the absence of sb.当（某人）不在时be absent from 缺席8. be absorbed in sth./doingsth. 全神贯注于；专心于9. have (easy/hard)access to sth. 接近；进入；使用；可以用….(零冠词)10. by accident 偶然；意外地=by chance by mistake 由于错误on purpose 故意的11. be delayed through an accident 由于事故而耽误12. be accompanied by 附有；伴随；相伴而生keep sb. accompanied=keep sb. company13. according to (后面不接view, opinion…); in my opinion =in my view14. collect accounts收账；open an account 开账户；keep accounts 记账; account for说明;give a full account of 做一个完整的说明; on account of=because of 因为accounting department会计室；discount to/ by 折扣、打折15 .accuse sb. of…控告某人charge sb. with sth. 起诉某人blame sb. for sth. 责备某人16. be accustomed to sth.( to doing sth.)=be used to sth.(to doing sth.)习惯于做某事17. have some acquaintance with 熟悉；熟知He is just an acquaintance （熟人）18 .come (run) across （偶然）碰到=meet with ; get sth. across 使人理解；领会19. act as充当，担任（类似用法：work as, serve as, begin as）act out 表演（对话、故事）；把。

学术英语知识点总结

学术英语知识点总结I. IntroductionAcademic English refers to the language used in academic settings, such as universities, colleges, and academic writing. It is characterized by its clarity, precision, and formality, and is used to convey complex ideas and arguments. This paper will summarize key knowledge points in academic English, including grammar, vocabulary, writing, and speaking skills.II. Grammar1. Tenses: In academic writing, it is important to use the appropriate tense to convey the correct timing of actions and events. For example, present simple is used for general truths and facts, present perfect is used for past actions with relevance to the present, and past simple is used for completed actions in the past.2. Articles: The use of articles (a, an, the) can be challenging for non-native speakers of English. It is important to understand when to use definite and indefinite articles, and when to omit articles altogether.3. Subject-Verb Agreement: Ensuring that subjects and verbs agree in number and person is essential for clear communication in academic writing. This includes understanding singular and plural subjects, as well as the use of auxiliary verbs.4. Sentence Structure: Academic English often requires complex and varied sentence structures to convey ideas effectively. This includes understanding the use of subordinating and coordinating conjunctions, relative clauses, and parallel structures.5. Modals: Modals such as can, could, may, might, must, should, and would are used to express possibility, necessity, and probability. Understanding how to use modals correctly is important in academic English.III. Vocabulary1. Register: Academic English requires the use of formal and precise language. This means using academic vocabulary, avoiding colloquial language, and being mindful of word choice and tone.2. Academic Word List: Familiarity with the Academic Word List, which includes words frequently used in academic settings, is important for developing a strong academic vocabulary. This includes words related to specific academic disciplines as well as general academic language.3. Word Formation: Understanding how to form and use prefixes, suffixes, and roots to create and understand academic vocabulary is important in academic English. This includes understanding word families and derivational relationships.4. Collocations: Learning common collocations, or word combinations, that are frequently used in academic English can enhance fluency and precision in writing and speaking.5. Academic Jargon: Each academic discipline has its own specialized vocabulary and jargon. Understanding and using discipline-specific terminology is important for communicating effectively within a particular field of study.IV. Writing Skills1. Organization: Academic writing often follows a specific organizational structure, such as introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Understanding how to organize ideas and arguments coherently is essential in academic writing.2. Citations and Referencing: Academic writing requires the use of citations and referencing to acknowledge sources and avoid plagiarism. Understanding different citation styles, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago, is important in academic writing.3. Critical Thinking: Academic writing often requires critical thinking and analysis. This includes evaluating and synthesizing sources, developing a strong thesis, and constructing well-supported arguments.4. Cohesion and Coherence: Academic writing should be cohesive and coherent, with clear connections between ideas and paragraphs. This includes using transition words, pronouns, and parallel structures to create flow and unity.5. Style and Tone: Academic writing often requires a formal and objective style, with a focus on clarity and precision. This includes avoiding subjective language, slang, and contractions, and using a consistent tone throughout the writing.V. Speaking Skills1. Pronunciation: Clear pronunciation is important for effective communication in academic settings. This includes understanding stress, intonation, and rhythm in English speech.2. Fluency: Developing fluency in speaking, including the ability to speak at a natural pace, without hesitation, repetition, or grammatical errors, is important in academic English.3. Academic Presentations: Giving effective academic presentations requires skills in organizing content, engaging the audience, using visual aids, and speaking clearly and confidently.4. Discussion and Debate: Participating in academic discussions and debates requires the ability to express opinions, support arguments, and engage in dialogue with others in a respectful and persuasive manner.5. Listening Skills: Developing strong listening skills, including the ability to understand complex lectures, presentations, and discussions, is important for academic success.VI. ConclusionAcademic English encompasses a wide range of language skills and knowledge points, including grammar, vocabulary, writing, and speaking skills. Developing strong academic English skills is essential for success in academic settings, as well as for effective communication in professional and scholarly contexts. By understanding and mastering these key knowledge points, students and scholars can enhance their proficiency in academic English and improve their academic performance.。

英语学术知识点归纳总结

英语学术知识点归纳总结IntroductionEnglish is a global language spoken by millions of people around the world. It is also the language of scholarship and academic research. As such, understanding key academic concepts in English is essential for success in the academic world. In this summary, we will explore and organize various important academic knowledge points in English.Section 1: Academic Writing1.1. Thesis StatementIn academic writing, a thesis statement is a sentence or two that succinctly captures the main point or argument of an essay, research paper, or other academic work. It provides a roadmap for the reader, outlining the central idea of the piece and the writer's position on the topic.1.2. Formal LanguageAcademic writing requires the use of formal language, avoiding colloquialisms, slang, and overly casual expressions. By maintaining a formal tone, writers convey credibility and seriousness in their work.1.3. Citation and ReferencingAcademic writing requires the acknowledgment of sources used in the work through proper citation and referencing. This includes citing direct quotes, paraphrased information, and ideas from other researchers. Common citation styles include APA, MLA, and Chicago.Section 2: Research Methods2.1. Qualitative and Quantitative ResearchQualitative research focuses on understanding the behavior, attitudes, and motivations of people, often through in-depth interviews, observations, or focus groups. Quantitative research, on the other hand, involves the collection and analysis of numerical data, leading to statistical conclusions.2.2. Literature ReviewA literature review is a critical analysis of existing research relevant to a particular topic. It helps researchers identify gaps in the literature, explore the evolution of ideas, and providea theoretical framework for their own research.2.3. Research EthicsResearch ethics refer to the moral principles and guidelines that govern academic research. This includes obtaining informed consent from participants, maintaining confidentiality, and ensuring the well-being of research subjects.Section 3: Academic Presentations3.1. Clear ArticulationEffective academic presentations require clear articulation and enunciation. Presenters should speak at a moderate pace, allowing the audience to understand and process the information.3.2. Visual AidsVisual aids such as slides, graphs, and diagrams can enhance the clarity and impact of academic presentations. However, presenters should use them judiciously and ensure they complement, rather than overshadow, their verbal explanations.3.3. Audience EngagementEngaging the audience is crucial in academic presentations. This can be achieved through interactive elements, such as asking questions, encouraging discussion, or incorporating activities that stimulate participation.Section 4: Academic Vocabulary4.1. Discipline-Specific TerminologyDifferent academic disciplines have their own specialized terminology. Understanding and using these terms accurately is essential for effective communication in academic writing and discourse.4.2. Formal RegisterAcademic vocabulary often employs a formal register, characterized by polysyllabic words, nominalizations, and complex sentence structures. Mastery of this register is essential for academic success.4.3. Word Choice and PrecisionAcademic writing requires precise word choice to convey specific meanings. Using vague or ambiguous language can lead to misunderstandings and weaken the credibility of the work. Section 5: Critical Thinking5.1. Logical ReasoningAcademic discourse and writing require a high level of logical reasoning and critical analysis. This involves evaluating evidence, identifying assumptions, and constructing sound arguments.5.2. Evaluating SourcesCritical thinking in academia extends to the evaluation of sources. Researchers must assess the reliability, validity, and relevance of the information they use, discerning between credible and questionable sources.5.3. Problem-SolvingEngaging in academic problem-solving involves identifying and addressing complex issues, often with limited information or resources. This may entail experimentation, theoretical analysis, or interdisciplinary collaboration.ConclusionIn conclusion, mastering English academic knowledge points is crucial for success in scholarly pursuits. Whether in writing, research, presentation, vocabulary, or critical thinking, a strong foundation in these areas is essential for effective communication and rigorous academic inquiry. As students and scholars engage with these concepts, they will be better equipped to contribute meaningfully to their fields of study and the broader academic community.。