英语综合教程unit1词汇学习

Unit oneWords and Expressions1. (Para. 1) forgiveness: n.[U] when sb. forgives another person*He never admitted his guilt or asked for forgiveness.(= 他从不承认自己的罪行，也不请求饶恕。

)我必须请求你的宽恕。

(= I have to ask for your forgiveness.)Collocation:ask / beg / p ray, etc. for (sb’s) forgivenessDerivation:forgive v.CF: forgive & excuse这两个动词均有“原谅”之意。

forgive指尽管某人做错了事情，但是你不再生气，不再责怪他了，一般指原谅或者宽恕比较严重的错误。

excuse 指原谅一些不是很严重的错误，比如莽撞、失礼等小过失。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the two words above. Change the form where necessary.1. She was ______ for coming late. (= excused)2. A wife ______ an unfaithful husband. (= forgives)3. Please _______ my bad handwriting. (=excuse)4. They _______ their enemies. (= forgive)2. (Para. 1) good-tempered: adj. pleasant, kind, and not easily made angry(=Minnie was always good-tempered and agreeable.)Note: 与temper有关的词组lose one’s temper 发脾气I’ve never seen Mike lose his temper.keep one’s temper 控制脾气、忍耐I found it increasingly difficult to keep my temper.3.(Para.1) universal: adj. involving everyone in the world or in a particular group There does not appear to be universal agreement on the future of the CBA.These stories have universal appeal.4. (Para. 2) ironically: ed when talking about a situation in which the oppositeof what you expected happens or is trueIronically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.5. (Para. 2) root sth. out: find out where a particular kind of problem exists and getrid of itAction is being taken to root out corruption in the police force.6. (Para. 2) cripple: v.1. damage sth. badly so that it no longer works or is no longer effectiveThe industry is being crippled by high interest rates.Asia’s economy was crippled by inflation.(=通货膨胀曾使亚洲经济陷于瘫痪。

)罢工使工厂陷于瘫痪（＝The strike crippled the factory.）2. hurt sb. badly so that they cannot walk properlyShe was crippled in the car accident.(= 她在车祸中致残。

)7. (Para. 2) cling: v. continue to believe or do sth., even though it may not be trueor useful any longerFor the moment I cling to the idea that there are a relatively small number of students left.他坚定地认为她有治愈的希望(插入图片cling)(=He clung to the hope that she would be cured.)Collocation:cling to the hope / belief / idea, etc.8. (Para. 3) heal: v.1. if a wound or a broken bone heals or is healed, the flesh, skin, or bone grows backtogether and becomes healthy again（＝A sprain usually takes longer to heal than a broken bone. ）我胳膊上的伤已愈合了。

（＝The wound on my arm has healed.）2. if an argument or disagreement between people heals or you heal it, the people stoparguing or disagreeingThe disagreement among the family members healed over with time.(=家庭成员之间的不和随着时间的流逝而消失。

)CF: treat, heal & cure这三个动词均有“治疗”之意。

treat指通过用药、住院、手术等来治疗疾病。

heal着重治疗的效果，多指外伤的治愈，也可以指精神上的创伤的愈合。

cure也着重治疗的结果，多指治愈内科疾病，也可用来指消除某种不良的影响。

(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the three words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The dentist is _______ my teeth. (= treating)2. Penicillin ______ him of pneumonia. (= cured)3. The cut on his finger ______ quickly. (= healed)4. The new treatment _____ his skin disease. (= cured)5. Time ______ most troubles. (= heals)9. (Para. 3) put: v. say or write sth. using words in a particular wayWhen women joined the organization, i t “took on a new look”, as the news report put it.It’s a matter of balance, as one teacher put it.10. (Para. 5) core: n.the most important or central part of sth.(= The core of the book focuses on the period between 1660 and 1857.)问题的关键是债务。

（＝Debt is at the core of the problem.）Collocations:the core of the problemcore curriculum11. (Para. 6) shallow: adj. not interested in or not showing any understanding of important or serious matters — used to show disapproval(=He’s only interested in your look, which shows how shallow he is.)12.(Para. 7) initial: adj.happening at the beginningThe initial talks were the base of the later agreement.(=最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。

)Collocations:initial stage / phase / period ofthe initial letter首字母13. (Para. 7) one-off: adj. happening or done only once, not as part of a regular seriesIn fact the whole exercise was fairly straight forward, except for one problem which required a one-off solution.14. (Para. 7) confrontation: n.a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreementbetween two people or groups(= Julia had stayed in her room to avoid any more confrontation.)They sense this may develop into a confrontation between teachers.Pattern:confrontation with / between15. (Para. 8) resentment: n.a feeling of anger because sth. has happened that you thinkis unfair(= Tom stared at the other boys with resentment.)*She was filled with deep resentment at being passed over for promotion.Collocation:feel / harbour / bear resentmentCF: resentment & offence这两个名词均有“愤怒、怨恨”之意。