(完整版)非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用).docx

非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词 : a. 动词不定式 b. v-ing c.过去分词

概述： 1. 谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词

2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式 , 在句中可以作除谓语外的所有

成分

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词） , 又没有连词的情况下 , 还有别的动词出现时。

She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号 (to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：

1.一般式 to doI like to read English.

2.进行式 to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time.

3.完成式 to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room.

4.被动式 to be done The work is to be done soon.

5.完成被动式 to have been done

The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

疑问词 +动词不定式

What, who, which, where, when, how, why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。

二. 动词不定式的用法

I. 作主语

(1) 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。

To see is to believe．

Not to get there in time is your fault.

(2)注：常用 it 做形式主语，将 to do 位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型 1：It +谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to do

It takes us an hour_to__ get there by bus .

It costs you only $ 100 a month to cook at home.

It seemed impossible to save money .

句型 2：It ’ s + n. (+ for sb) + to do

It ’s our duty _to_ help the poor .

It is a great enjoyment_to_ spend our holiday in the countryside. .

It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party .

句型 3： It is + adj（+ for sb） to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）

It is + adj（ + of sb） to do sth（是形容人的品质的）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.

It is very kind of you to give me some help .

It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.

疑问词 +不定式作主语

When to start remains undecided.

1.It is easy to get there by bus or taxi.

2.It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds.

3.It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when

you are eating.

4.It ’ s our duty to take good care of the old.

5.How long did it take you to finish the work?

6. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.

7.When to start has not been decided.

8.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.

9.It ’ s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not

use it.

10.It is useful for our health to do morning exercises.

II.作宾语

接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.

I don ’ t expect to meet you here

(1)常有： like, demand, expect, promise, begin,

determine,refuse,fail, manage, learn,seem, forget,want, prepare, pretend, plan, wish等

They want to get_( get ) on the bus, didn’t they?

He said he wished__to be( be ) a professor.

(2)it作形式

I find/feel to work with him interesting．

I find/feel it interesting to work with him．

Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider⋯ it+adj/n+ to do sth.

1.We thought_it __ better

2.Do you consider_it __

3. I feel_it _ my duty

4.We think it__ important _

5.I know _ it_ impossible _ in a day.

(3)疑 +不定式作

常常放在些的后面作：

__to_ start early . better not _to_ go? _to_ change all that . to _ obey the law.

to _ finish so much homework

tell,advise,show,teach,find out, decide,discuss, learn, explain⋯

He taught us how to use the tool.

No one could tell me where to get the book.

The dictionary didn ’ t tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word.

(4)作介 but, except, besides的。

Can’ t choose but do

Can’ t help but do/have no choice to do

Do nothing but do

Practice:

1. Would you like to go to Thailand? (would like to do sth.)

2.The driver failed to see the other car in time.

3.I think it our duty to obey the laws.

4.Do you know how to play football?