TheImportanceofBeingEarnest简介
The Importance of Being Earnest简介
1895年，昆斯伯理侯爵发现儿子阿尔弗莱德· 道格
拉斯与王尔德交往长达四年而控告王尔德，并到 王尔德常去的名人俱乐部贴上纸条：“致奥斯卡‧ 王尔德——装腔作势的鸡奸客。”公然斥责王尔德 是一个好男色的“鸡奸者”。
根据当时英国1855年苛刻的刑事法修正案，王尔
德被判有罪，在瑞丁和本顿维尔监狱服了两年苦 役。在王尔德服刑期间，妻子康斯坦斯与两个孩 子改姓为荷兰德，移居意大利，而他社交界和文 学界的大多数朋友都对他避之唯恐不及。只有寥 寥数人如剧作家萧伯纳仍挺身维护他。
表现手法
(1) 讽刺 CECILY: Yes, but it is usually chronicles the things that have never happened, and couldn't possibly have happened. I believe that memory is responsible for nearly all the three-volume novels that Mudie sends us. 这是间接讽刺小说通通都是假的。她在前面说过记 忆都是假的，现在又说三册小说定是记忆的产品， 那就当然是假的。在维多利亚年代，小说通常都是 三册厚的。当时的文学观，要求小说要逼真。所以 王尔德作此一击。
作者生平：
王尔德生于爱尔兰都柏林的一个家世卓越的家庭，
是家中 的次子。他的父亲威廉姆· 王尔德爵士是一 个外科ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้生，他的母亲是一位诗人与作家。
于1874年进入牛津大学莫德林学院学习。在牛津，
王尔德受到了沃尔特· 佩特及约翰· 拉斯金的审美观 念影响，并接触了新黑格尔派哲学、达尔文进化 论和拉斐尔前派的作品，这为他之后成为唯美主 义先锋作家确立了方向。在出版首本《诗集》后， 他在文坛开始崭露头角，并来到伦敦发展。
英国文学选读课件The Importance of being Earnest (1)
Free Discussion
• What do you think about Algernon’s statement of “The very essence of romance is uncertainty”?
• The amount of women in London who flirt with their own husbands is perfectly scandalous. It’s simply washing one’s clean linen in public. 当众洗麻布
• problematic:麻烦的
Question 3
• What does Algernon’s words of “it is simply washing one’s clean linen in public” mean?(p138,line 6)
• Algernon’s words contains a metaphor, which compares a lady’s flirting with her own husband at dinner table to washing her clean linen in public. Therefore his words has two-leveled implicatures: the first level is showing her pudicity in public; the second level is to indicate that those ladies who don’t flirt with their husbands have other lovers. So it is a sharp satire of the corrupt and falsehood of the upper class in London society.
The Importance of Being Earnest
Flirt with
• To behave towards sb as if you find them sexually attractive, without seriously wanting to have a relationship with them • Eg. She flirts with every handsome man she meets
Relationship
Lady Bracknell
Cecily
Guardian
mother
Gwendolen
LOVE
cousin
Jack/Ernest
brother
Algernon/Bunbury
mother
Lady Bracknell’ sister
Summary
• In our books, it selected the act 1, • In this act, Jack comes to Algernon’s house. Through their humorous talking, We can image the background of this story. By the cigarette case, Jack has to tell Algernon his true name and even his family background, also explain why his name is Ernest in town and Jack in the country. In the meantime, Algernon pulls out his secret about Bunburyist too. • What’s more, we can know that Jack is fall in love with Algernon’s first cousin Gwendolen even wants to propose to her.
the importance of being earnest中文
the importance of being earnest中
文
《论真诚的重要性》（The Importance of Being Earnest）是爱尔兰剧作家奥斯卡·王尔德创作的一部喜剧，该剧通过一系列荒诞、幽默的情节，探讨了真诚、虚伪和社会规范之间的关系。
中文名：《论真诚的重要性》
类型：喜剧
作者：奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）
首次演出时间：1895 年 2 月 14 日
剧情简介：两位男主角分别用假名“厄内斯特”和“卡鲁索”掩盖自己的真实身份，追求两位女主角。
他们为了维持自己的虚假形象，陷入了一系列荒谬的谎言和误会之中。
最终，他们不得不面对自己的谎言，并认识到真诚的重要性。
该剧通过幽默和讽刺的方式，揭示了当时社会中虚伪和虚假的现象，强调了真诚和真实自我的价值。
王尔德以其机智的对话和对社会现象的尖锐观察，使这部剧成为了英国戏剧史上的经典之作。
《论真诚的重要性》不仅在当时引起了轰动，而且至今仍然被广泛演出和研究。
它不仅是一部娱乐性的喜剧作品，更是对人性和社会现象的深刻思考，提醒人们要珍惜真诚，勇于面对自己的真实情感和身份。
the importance of being earnst 认真的重要性
• Part 2 语言特点分析——表现手法 • 以反复说浪荡 • （1）娱乐加娱乐 • 在文章一开始阿尔杰农问杰克为什么来城里时，Jack 答道： Oh, pleasure, pleasure. What else should bring one anywhere. 寻欢作乐啊，一个人出门还能为了别的什么吗? 在这里，两个pleasure 的反复，集中突出了杰克这一花花公子只 想吃喝玩乐的心态，并暗含了不以此为耻，反以为荣的感觉。 并且在 后面句子中又进一步体现“没有别的事”，只是寻欢作乐,将花花公子 的形象淋漓尽致地刻画了出来。 • （2）寻开心与被开心 • 阿尔杰农问杰克在乡下都做什么时，Jack 答道： When one is in town one amuse oneself. When one is in the country one amuses other people. • 在城里是自己寻开心，在乡下是让别人寻开心。 从这两个句子可以看出杰克认为生活的全部都是amuse，充分体现了 他游戏人生的态度。而他将到处寻欢作乐的行为视为理所当然，并且 还似乎把它总结成这样一句道理。王尔德用了这样朗朗上口的整齐的 对偶句，很好地体现了他对语言的驾驭。
作品内容梗概
• 青年绅士约翰·沃辛和受他监护的未成年者塞西莉及其家 庭女教师同住于乡下的家中。 • 约翰爱上了他在伦敦的朋友阿尔杰农·蒙克里夫的表妹格 温多林·费尔法克斯，时常要到伦敦去；为了掩饰自己的 行为，他给自己虚构出一个名叫“埃那斯特”的兄弟，以 此作为搪塞塞西莉的借口。 • 正当约翰以“埃那斯特”的假名得到了格温多林的爱，向 其母布雷克耐尔夫人求娶格温多林时，不得不说出自己是 个被留在维多利亚车站一只手提箱里的弃婴的旧事。 • 约翰回到乡间，发现阿尔杰农也冒充那位并不存在的“埃 那斯特”，自称是约翰的兄弟，而且爱上了塞西莉。 • 结果发现塞西莉的女教师就是28年前把布雷克奈尔夫人姐 姐的孩子错放在手提箱里的那位粗心的保姆，约翰的真名 就叫“埃那斯特”，是阿尔杰农的亲哥哥。 • 最后这两对有情人终成眷属。
the importance of being earnst 王尔德 认真的重要性
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就在此时，跟踪女儿远道而来的 Bracknell女士抵达赫特福德郡。Gwendolen 再次向母亲提及她和 Jack 的婚事，然而母亲还是不赞同。另一方面 Algy 亦 说出他和 Cecily 已定下婚约的事情。Bracknell 女士遂向 Cecily 和 Jack 询问 一堆关于 Cecily 背景的事。Jack 不耐烦地一一回答，直至提到 Cecily 继承 大堆遗产时，Bracknell 女士才开始感到兴趣。Jack 作为 Cecily 的监护人， 并不赞成她和 Algy 的婚事，除非 Bracknell 女士同意将女儿嫁给他。虽然如 此， Bracknell 女士还是拒绝交换条件。就在她临离开 Cecily 的寓所前，在 言谈间听到 Dr. Chasuble 谈及 Cecily 的家庭教师 Prism 小姐，Bracknell 女 士毫不考虑便要求召见她。 Prism 小姐初见 Bracknell 女士时即感觉错愕。因为28年前她曾替 Bracknell 女士的姐姐打工，期间不慎遗失了一名婴孩后就不知所终。Bracknell 女士再 三追问后，再搭配上 Jack 的说法，证实该名孩童正是 Jack 本人。而孩童的 母亲则是 Bracknell 女士的姐姐，他的父亲同时也是 Algy 的父亲。换句话说 原来 Jack 真的是 Algy 的哥哥。Bracknell 女士说，作为长子，Jack 的圣名 自然跟从父亲。经过翻查后证实了他父亲恰巧又取了一个 Ernest 的圣名。最 后众人各自和自己的伴侣拥抱。剧终前Jack 说他首次明白到为人真诚的重要 性。
• 这里的重复自有妙处。这疾风暴雨似的反复容易激起读者的情感上的 同感。 • the most earnest looking person以及perfectly absurb 都与 Ernest 这个花花公子的浪荡不羁形成强烈对比与鲜明反差。
The Importance of Being earnest戏剧
9
Pun
• A pun is a wordplay(字句的争论) that often involves differing understands of what a word means and how it is used in a given context
10
• I've now realized for the first time in my life the Vital Importance of Being Earnest --By Jack
8
Theme
• the triviality with which it treats institutions as serious as marriage, and the resulting satire of Victorian ways.（泛滥于英国社会的一种虚假和病态的
“认真态度”，锋芒直指维lways been a girlish dream of mine to love someone whose name was Earnest. There is something in that name that seems to inspire absolute confidence.
11
Love
Thanks for your attention
2013-8-27 12
2
Relationship
Lady Bracknell
Cecily
Guardian
mother
Gwendolen
LOVE
cousin
Jack/Earnest
brother
Algernon/Bunbury
The Importance of Being Earnest简介
（2）习语
Algernon: The amount of women in London who flirt with their own husbands is perfectly scandalous. It looks so bad. It is simply washing one's clean linen in public. 这是王尔德颠倒成语的典型。首先，flirt 是在两个不太熟悉的 人之间进行的。现在 Algernon 用来形容夫妻，说他们打情骂 俏，那当然大出观众的意外。然后他把成语颠倒了。成语是 "washing one's dirty linen in public"，意即“家丑外扬”。现 在他竟然说是 "washing one's clean linen in public"，还说成贬 义，不仅更符合Algernon这种浪荡子的说话特点，并且能够强 烈的突出喜剧效果，将上流社会女士的轻浮无聊用这种俏皮 讽刺的语句活灵活现地展示出来。
（2）反复
You have always told me it was Ernest.I have introduced everyone as Ernest.You answer to the name of Ernest.You are the most earnst looking person I ever saw in my life.It is perfectly absurb you saying that your name isn't Ernest. 在这里，王尔德用了大量的重复，提取一下前三句 主干的话就是：你对我----我对别人----别人叫你 这里的重复不仅可以使主人公更具现实感，使他活 灵活现的展现在读者的脑海，并且这疾风暴雨似的 反复容易激起读者情感上的同感，
The Importance of Being Earnest
The Importance of Being Earnest: Introduction
In London, Jack pretends to be the bad boy Ernest. Are you confused yet?
The Importance of Being Earnest: Introduction Imagine how “Ernest’s” fiancé Gwendolen, e, feels when she learns he is really someone else!
The Importance of Being Earnest: Introduction But Jack wants to have some fun too. So he invents a wild brother named Ernest. When Jack wants to go to London, he pretends he has to bail Ernest out of trouble.
• strict Victorian social rules
• the shallowness of the idle rich
The Importance of Being Earnest: Background Wilde also pokes a bit of fun at himself.
The Importance of Being Earnest: Discussion Starters Discuss (1) • What qualities do you look for in friends and loved ones? • Which of these standards are truly important? • Which could you let go of for the right person?
The Importance of Being Earnest
•
• The artist = the creator of beautiful things
• Oscar Wilde adopted the aesthetical ideal: he affirmed “my life is like a work of art”.
• His aestheticism clashed with the didacticism （教导主义） of Victorian novels..
Plot
• 本剧主角 Jack Worthing 是 Cecily Cardew 的监护人。在 Cecily 眼中，Jack 是个极其认真和严谨的人。然而多年来 Jack 一直骗 Cecily 自己在伦敦有个 挥霍无度的弟弟叫 Ernest。由于要接济这位虚构的弟弟，Jack 要经常要离开 Cecily 居住的郝特福德（Hertfordshire）跑到伦敦去。Jack 在伦敦时则以 “Ernest”自称。他结识了 Algernon Moncrieff（简称 Algy）的表妹 Gwendolen Fairfax，并和她开始交往。 另一位主角 Algy 则讹称自己在城郊有位经常生病，名叫 Bunbury 的朋友。 每当 Algy 想逃避一些社会责任，或者只是想趁周末外出休息一下，他就骗人 说要去探望这位同样是虚构出来的朋友。他将这种虚构身份或制造双重身份 的做法称为“bunburying”。 在故事一开始，Jack 跑到 Algy 府上打算向 Gwendolen 求婚，却可是遇上不 少麻烦。第一是 Gwendolen 似乎纯粹因为她相信 Jack 的名字叫 Ernest 而喜 欢他，因为 Ernest 是她心目中最漂亮的名字。第二个麻烦是 Gwendolen 的 母亲是让人害怕的 Bracknell 女士，她对 Jack 的身世显然感到不满和惊讶。 Jack 年幼时曾被人放在一个弃置于火车站的手提包内，直至后来的监护人 Tom Cardew（亦是 Cecily 的祖父）发现了之后收养他。她认为让女儿“嫁 进寄物室里与包裹通婚”（原文：marry into a cloakroom and form an alliance with a parcel）是件难以接受的事。
Oscar_Wilde&_the_importance_ofbeing_earnest
Plot Overview: Act I
Gwendolen and her mother, Lady Bracknell, arrive, which gives Jack an opportunity to propose to Gwendolen. Jack is delighted to discover that Gwendolen returns his affections, but he is alarmed to learn that Gwendolen is fixated on the name Ernest, which she says “inspires absolute confidence.” Gwendolen makes clear that she would not consider marrying a man who was not named Ernest.
The Importance of Being Earnest
不可儿戏
The Importance of Being Earnest
Plot Overview: Act I Jack Worthing, the play’s protagonist, is a pillar (One who occupies a central or responsible position) of the community in Hertfordshire, where he is guardian to Cecily Cardew, the pretty, eighteenyear-old granddaughter of the late Thomas Cardew, who found and adopted Jack when he was a baby. For years, he has also pretended to have an irresponsible black-sheep brother named Ernest who leads a scandalous life in pursuit of pleasure and is always getting into trouble of a sort that requires Jack to rush grimly off to his assistance.
The Importance of Being Earnest简介
作者生平：
• 王尔德生于爱尔兰都柏林的一个家世卓越的家庭 ，是家中 的次子。他的父亲威廉姆·王尔德爵士 是一个外科医生，他的母亲是一位诗人与作家。
• 于1874年进入牛津大学莫德林学院学习。在牛津 ，王尔德受到了沃尔特·佩特及约翰·拉斯金的审 美观念影响，并接触了新黑格尔派哲学、达尔文 进化论和拉斐尔前派的作品，这为他之后成为唯 美主义先锋作家确立了方向。在出版首本《诗集 》后，他在文坛开始崭露头角，并来到伦敦发展 。
一方面，这些省略句更贴近生活，生动活泼。能将 生活中的真实情景展现在读者面前。另一方面，这 句话是阿尔杰农追问杰克住哪里的时候说的，将杰 克想迅速转移话题，人物非常心虚的形象描绘得淋
表现手法
(1) 讽刺
CECILY: Yes, but it is usually chronicles the things that have never happened, and couldn't possibly have happened. I believe that memory is responsible for nearly all the three-volume novels that Mudie sends us. 这是间接讽刺小说通通都是假的。她在前面说过记 忆都是假的，现在又说三册小说定是记忆的产品， 那就当然是假的。在维多利亚年代，小说通常都是 三册厚的。当时的文学观，要求小说要逼真。所以 王尔德作此一击。
The Importance of Being Earnest
作者介绍：
奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde ，1854~1900），19世纪出生 在英国最伟大的作家与艺术家 之一，以其剧作、诗歌、童话 和小说闻名。唯美主义代表人 物，19世纪80年代美学运动 的主力和90年代颓废派运动的 先驱。
认真的重要性
There is another impediment to the marriages. Gwendolen's mother, Lady Bracknell, will not countenance her daughter marrying someone of Jack's social status (he was an orphan who was found by his adoptive parents in a handbag at King&#ecily's guardian, he will not allow her to marry Algernon unless his aunt, Lady Bracknell changes her mind. This seemingly irresolvable conundrum becomes brilliantly solved when, on inspection of the handbag, Lady Bracknell reveals that Algernon's brother had become lost in just such a handbag, and that Jack must, in actuality, be that lost child. What’s more the child had been christened Ernest. The play ends with a prospect of two very happy marriages.
The play is based around two young men, one is an upright young man called Jack who lives in the country. However, in order to escape the drudgery of his highly conservative lifestyle he has created an alter-ego, Ernest, who has all kinds of reprobate fun in London. Jack says he often has to visit his poor brother Ernest, which gives him his opportunity to escape his boring life and have fun with his good friend, Algernon. However, Algernon comes to suspect that Jack is leading a double life when he finds a personal message in one of Jack’s cigarette cases.
The Importance of Being Earnest(English)
The Importance of Being Earnest(全文)By Oscar WildeTHE PERSONS IN THE PLAYJohn Worthing， J. P.Algernon MoncrieffRev. Canon Chasuble， D. D.Merriman， ButlerLane， ManservantLady BracknellHon. Gwendolen FairfaxCecily CardewMiss Prism， GovernessTHE SCENES OF THE PLAYACT I.Algernon Moncrieff's Flat in Half-Moon Street， W. ACT II. The Garden at the Manor House, Woolton. ACT III. Drawing-Room at the Manor House, Woolton.TIME： The Present. （1895）FIRST ACTSCENEMorning-room in Algernon's flat in Half-Moon Street. The room is luxuriously and artistically furnished. The sound of a piano is heard in the adjoining room.[LANE is arranging afternoon tea on the table， and after the music has ceased，ALGERNON enters. ]ALGERNON. Did you hear what I was playing， Lane？LANE. I didn't think it polite to listen， sir.ALGERNON. I'm sorry for that， for your sake. I don't play accurately - any one can play accurately - but I play with wonderful expression. As far as the piano is concerned，sentiment is my forte. I keep science for Life.LANE. Yes， sir.ALGERNON. And， speaking of the science of Life， have you got the cucumber sandwiches cut for Lady Bracknell?LANE. Yes， sir. [Hands them on a salver.]ALGERNON. [Inspects them， takes two， and sits down on the sofa. ] Oh！ . . . by the way， Lane， I see from your book that on Thursday night， when Lord Shoreman and Mr. Worthing were dining with me， eight bottles of champagne are entered as having been consumed.LANE. Yes， sir； eight bottles and a pint.ALGERNON. Why is it that at a bachelor's establishment the servants invariably drink the champagne？ I ask merely for information.LANE. I attribute it to the superior quality of the wine， sir. I have often observed that in married households the champagne is rarely of a first-rate brand.ALGERNON. Good heavens！ Is marriage so demoralising as that？LANE. I believe it IS a very pleasant state, sir. I have had very little experience of it myself up to the present. I have only been married once. That was in consequence of a misunderstanding between myself and a young person.ALGERNON. [Languidly.] I don't know that I am much interested in your family life，Lane.LANE. No， sir； it is not a very interesting subject. I never think of it myself.ALGERNON. Very natural， I am sure. That will do， Lane， thank you.LANE. Thank you， sir. [LANE goes out. ]ALGERNON. Lanes views on marriage seem somewhat lax. Really， if the lower orders don't set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them？ They seem， as a class， to have absolutely no sense of moral responsibility.[Enter LANE.]LANE. Mr. Ernest Worthing.[Enter JACK. ][LANE goes out. ]ALGERNON. How are you， my dear Ernest？ What brings you up to town？JACK. Oh， pleasure， pleasure！ What else should bring one anywhere？ Eating as usual， I see， Algy！ALGERNON. [Stiffly. ] I believe it is customary in good society to take some slight refreshment at five o'clock. Where have you been since last Thursday？JACK. [Sitting down on the sofa. ] In the country.ALGERNON. What on earth do you do there？JACK. [Pulling off his gloves. ] When one is in town one amuses oneself. When one is in the country one amuses other people. It is excessively boring.ALGERNON. And who are the people you amuse？JACK. [Airily. ] Oh, neighbours, neighbours.ALGERNON. Got nice neighbours in your part of Shropshire？JACK. Perfectly horrid！ Never speak to one of them.ALGERNON. How immensely you must amuse them！ [Goes over and takes sandwich. ] By the way， Shropshire is your county， is it not？JACK. Eh？ Shropshire？ Yes， of course. Hallo！ Why all these cups？ Why cucumber sandwiches？ Why such reckless extravagance in one so young？ Who is coming to tea？ALGERNON. Oh！ merely Aunt Augusta and Gwendolen.JACK. How perfectly delightful！ALGERNON. Yes， that is all very well； but I am afraid Aunt Augusta won't quite approve of your being here.JACK. May I ask why？ALGERNON. My dear fellow， the way you flirt with Gwendolen is perfectly disgraceful. It is almost as bad as the way Gwendolen flirts with you.JACK. I am in love with Gwendolen. I have come up to town expressly to propose to her. ALGERNON. I thought you had come up for pleasure？ . . . I call that business.JACK. How utterly unromantic you are！ALGERNON. I really don't see anything romantic in proposing. It is very romantic to be in love. But there is nothing romantic about a definite proposal. Why， one may be accepted. One usually is， I believe. Then the excitement is all over. The very essence of romance is uncertainty. If ever I get married， I'll certainly try to forget the fact.JACK. I have no doubt about that， dear Algy. The Divorce Court was specially invented for people whose memories are so curiously constituted.ALGERNON. Oh！ there is no use speculating on that subject. Divorces are made in Heaven - [JACK puts out his hand to take a sandwich. ALGERNON at once interferes. ] Please don't touch the cucumber sandwiches. They are ordered specially for Aunt Augusta. [Takes one and eats it. ]JACK. Well， you have been eating them all the time.ALGERNON. That is quite a different matter. She is my aunt. [Takes plate from below. ] Have some bread and butter. The bread and butter is for Gwendolen. Gwendolen is devoted to bread and butter.JACK. [Advancing to table and helping himself. ] And very good bread and butter it is too. ALGERNON. Well， my dear fellow， you need not eat as if you were going to eat it all. You behave as if you were married to her already. You are not married to her already， and I don't think you ever will be.JACK. Why on earth do you say that？ALGERNON. Well， in the first place girls never marry the men they flirt with. Girls don't think it right.JACK. Oh， that is nonsense！ALGERNON. It isn't. It is a great truth. It accounts for the extraordinary number of bachelors that one sees all over the place. In the second place， I don't give my consent.JACK. Your consent！ALGERNON. My dear fellow， Gwendolen is my first cousin. And before I allow you to marry her， you will have to clear up the whole question of Cecily. [Rings bell. ]JACK. Cecily！ What on earth do you mean？ What do you mean， Algy， by Cecily！ I don't know any one of the name of Cecily.[Enter LANE. ]ALGERNON. Bring me that cigarette case Mr. Worthing left in the smoking-room the last time he dined here.LANE. Yes， sir. [LANE goes out. ]JACK. Do you mean to say you have had my cigarette case all this time？ I wish to goodness you had let me know. I have been writing frantic letters to Scotland Yard about it.I was very nearly offering a large reward.ALGERNON. Well， I wish you would offer one. I happen to be more than usually hard up.JACK. There is no good offering a large reward now that the thing is found.[Enter LANE with the cigarette case on a salver. ALGERNON takes it at once. LANE goes out. ]ALGERNON. I think that is rather mean of you， Ernest， I must say. [Opens case and examines it. ] However， it makes no matter， for， now that I look at the inscription inside， I find that the thing isn't yours after all.JACK. Of course it's mine. [Moving to him. ] You have seen me with it a hundred times，and you have no right whatsoever to read what is written inside. It is a very ungentlemanly thing to read a private cigarette case.ALGERNON. Oh！ it is absurd to have a hard and fast rule about what one should read and what one shouldn't. More than half of modern culture depends on what one shouldn't read.JACK. I am quite aware of the fact， and I don't propose to discuss modern culture. It isn't the sort of thing one should talk of in private. I simply want my cigarette case back.ALGERNON. Yes； but this isn't your cigarette case. This cigarette case is a present from some one of the name of Cecily， and you said you didn't know any one of that name.JACK. Well， if you want to know， Cecily happens to be my aunt.ALGERNON. Your aunt！JACK. Yes. Charming old lady she is， too. Lives at Tunbridge Wells. Just give it back to me， Algy.ALGERNON. [Retreating to back of sofa. ] But why does she call herself little Cecily if she is your aunt and lives at Tunbridge Wells？ [Reading. ] 'From little Cecily with her fondest love. 'JACK. [Moving to sofa and kneeling upon it. ] My dear fellow， what on earth is there in that？ Some aunts are tall， some aunts are not tall. That is a matter that surely an aunt may be allowed to decide for herself. You seem to think that every aunt should be exactly like your aunt！ That is absurd！ For Heaven's sake give me back my cigarette case. [Follows ALGERNON round the room. ]ALGERNON. Yes. But why does your aunt call you her uncle？ 'From little Cecily， with her fondest love to her dear Uncle Jack. ' There is no objection， I admit， to an aunt being a small aunt， but why an aunt， no matter what her size may be， should call her own nephew her uncle， I can't quite make out. Besides， your name isn't Jack at all； it is Ernest.JACK. It isn't Ernest； it's Jack.ALGERNON. You have always told me it was Ernest. I have introduced you to every one as Ernest. You answer to the name of Ernest. You look as if your name was Ernest. You are the most earnest-looking person I ever saw in my life. It is perfectly absurd your saying thatyour name isn't Ernest. It's on your cards. Here is one of them. [Taking it from case. ] 'Mr. Ernest Worthing， B. 4， The Albany. ' I'll keep this as a proof that your name is Ernest if ever you attempt to deny it to me， or to Gwendolen， or to any one else. [Puts the card in his pocket. ]JACK. Well， my name is Ernest in town and Jack in the country， and the cigarette case was given to me in the country.ALGERNON. Yes， but that does not account for the fact that your small Aunt Cecily，who lives at Tunbridge Wells， calls you her dear uncle. Come， old boy， you had much better have the thing out at once.JACK. My dear Algy， you talk exactly as if you were a dentist. It is very vulgar to talk like a dentist when one isn't a dentist. It produces a false impression，ALGERNON. Well， that is exactly what dentists always do. Now， go on！ Tell me the whole thing. I may mention that I have always suspected you of being a confirmed and secret Bunburyist； and I am quite sure of it now.JACK. Bunburyist？ What on earth do you mean by a Bunburyist？ALGERNON. I'll reveal to you the meaning of that incomparable expression as soon as you are kind enough to inform me why you are Ernest in town and Jack in the country.JACK. Well， produce my cigarette case first.ALGERNON. Here it is. [Hands cigarette case. ] Now produce your explanation， and pray make it improbable. [Sits on sofa. ]JACK. My dear fellow， there is nothing improbable about my explanation at all. In fact it's perfectly ordinary. Old Mr. Thomas Cardew， who adopted me when I was a little boy，made me in his will guardian to his grand-daughter， Miss Cecily Cardew. Cecily， who addresses me as her uncle from motives of respect that you could not possibly appreciate，lives at my place in the country under the charge of her admirable governess， Miss Prism. ALGERNON. Where in that place in the country， by the way？JACK. That is nothing to you， dear boy. You are not going to be invited . . . I may tell you candidly that the place is not in Shropshire.ALGERNON. I suspected that， my dear fellow！ I have Bunburyed all over Shropshire on two separate occasions. Now， go on. Why are you Ernest in town and Jack in the country？JACK. My dear Algy， I don't know whether you will be able to understand my real motives. You are hardly serious enough. When one is placed in the position of guardian，one has to adopt a very high moral tone on all subjects. It's one's duty to do so. And as a high moral tone can hardly be said to conduce very much to either one's health or one's happiness， in order to get up to town I have always pretended to have a younger brother of the name of Ernest， who lives in the Albany， and gets into the most dreadful scrapes. That， my dear Algy， is the whole truth pure and simple.ALGERNON. The truth is rarely pure and never simple. Modern life would be very tedious if it were either， and modern literature a complete impossibility！JACK. That wouldn't be at all a bad thing.ALGERNON. Literary criticism is not your forte， my dear fellow. Don't try it. You should leave that to people who haven't been at a University. They do it so well in the daily papers. What you really are is a Bunburyist. I was quite right in saying you were a Bunburyist. You are one of the most advanced Bunburyists I know.JACK. What on earth do you mean？ALGERNON. You have invented a very useful younger brother called Ernest， in order that you may be able to come up to town as often as you like. I have invented an invaluable permanent invalid called Bunbury， in order that I may be able to go down into the country whenever I choose. Bunbury is perfectly invaluable. If it wasn't for Bunbury's extraordinary bad health， for instance， I wouldn't be able to dine with you at Willis's to-night， for I have been really engaged to Aunt Augusta for more than a week.JACK. I haven't asked you to dine with me anywhere to-night.ALGERNON. I know. You are absurdly careless about sending out invitations. It is very foolish of you. Nothing annoys people so much as not receiving invitations.JACK. You had much better dine with your Aunt Augusta.ALGERNON. I haven't the smallest intention of doing anything of the kind. To begin with，I dined there on Monday， and once a week is quite enough to dine with one's own relations. In the second place， whenever I do dine there I am always treated as a member of the family， and sent down with either no woman at all， or two. In the third place， I know perfectly well whom she will place me next to， to-night. She will place me next Mary Farquhar， who always flirts with her own husband across the dinner-table. That is notvery pleasant. Indeed， it is not even decent . . . and that sort of thing is enormously on the increase. The amount of women in London who flirt with their own husbands is perfectly scandalous. It looks so bad. It in simply washing one's clean linen in public. Besides， now that I know you to be a confirmed Bunburyist I naturally want to talk to you about Bunburying. I want to tell you the rules.JACK. I'm not a Bunburyist at all. If Gwendolen accepts me， I am going to kill my brother， indeed I think I'll kill him in any case. Cecily is a little too much interested in him. It is rather a bore. So I am going to get rid of Ernest. And I strongly advise you to do the same with Mr . . . with your invalid friend who has the absurd name.ALGERNON. Nothing will induce me to part with Bunbury， and if you ever get married，which seems to me extremely problematic， you will be very glad to know Bunbury. A man who marries without knowing Bunbury has a very tedious time of it.JACK. That is nonsense. If I marry a charming girl like Gwendolen， and she is the only girl I ever saw in my life that I would marry， I certainly won't want to know Bunbury.ALGERNON. Then your wife will. You don't seem to realise， that in married life three is company and two is none.JACK. [Sententiously. ] That， my dear young friend， is the theory that the corrupt French Drama has been propounding for the last fifty years.ALGERNON. Yes； and that the happy English home has proved in half the time.JACK. For heaven's sake， don't try to be cynical. It's perfectly easy to be cynical.ALGERNON. My dear fellow， it isn't easy to be anything nowadays. There's such a lot of beastly competition about. [The sound of an electric bell is heard. ] Ah！ that must be Aunt Augusta. Only relatives， or creditors， ever ring in that Wagnerian manner. Now， if I get her out of the way for ten minutes， so that you can have an opportunity for proposing to Gwendolen， may I dine with you to- night at Willis's？JACK. I suppose so， if you want to.ALGERNON. Yes， but you must be serious about it. I hate people who are not serious about meals. It is so shallow of them.[Enter LANE. ]Lady Bracknell and Miss Fairfax.[ALGERNON goes forward to meet them. Enter LADY BRACKNELL and GWENDOLEN. ] LADY BRACKNELL. Good afternoon， dear Algernon， I hope you are behaving very well.ALGERNON. I'm feeling very well， Aunt Augusta.LADY BRACKNELL. That's not quite the same thing. In fact the two things rarely go together. [Sees JACK and bows to him with icy coldness. ]ALGERNON. [To GWENDOLEN. ] Dear me， you are smart！GWENDOLEN. I am always smart！ Am I not， Mr. Worthing？JACK. You're quite perfect， Miss Fairfax.GWENDOLEN. Oh！ I hope I am not that. It would leave no room for developments，and I intend to develop in many directions. [GWENDOLEN and JACK sit down together in the corner. ]LADY BRACKNELL. I'm sorry if we are a little late， Algernon， but I was obliged to call on dear Lady Harbury. I hadn't been there since her poor husband's death. I never saw a woman so altered； she looks quite twenty years younger. And now I'll have a cup of tea，and one of those nice cucumber sandwiches you promised me.ALGERNON. Certainly， Aunt Augusta. [Goes over to tea-table. ]LADY BRACKNELL. Won't you come and sit here， Gwendolen？GWENDOLEN. Thanks， mamma， I'm quite comfortable where I am.ALGERNON. [Picking up empty plate in horror. ] Good heavens！ Lane！ Why are there no cucumber sandwiches？ I ordered them specially.LANE. [Gravely. ] There were no cucumbers in the market this morning， sir. I went down twice.ALGERNON. No cucumbers！LANE. No， sir. Not even for ready money.ALGERNON. That will do， Lane， thank you.LANE. Thank you， sir. [Goes out. ]ALGERNON. I am greatly distressed， Aunt Augusta， about there being no cucumbers，not even for ready money.LADY BRACKNELL. It really makes no matter， Algernon. I had some crumpets with Lady Harbury， who seems to me to be living entirely for pleasure now.ALGERNON. I hear her hair has turned quite gold from grief.LADY BRACKNELL. It certainly has changed its colour. From what cause I， of course，cannot say. [ALGERNON crosses and hands tea. ] Thank you. I've quite a treat for you to-night， Algernon. I am going to send you down with Mary Farquhar. She is such a nice woman， and so attentive to her husband. It's delightful to watch them.ALGERNON. I am afraid， Aunt Augusta， I shall have to give up the pleasure of dining with you to-night after all.LADY BRACKNELL. [Frowning. ] I hope not， Algernon. It would put my table completely out. Your uncle would have to dine upstairs. Fortunately he is accustomed to that.ALGERNON. It is a great bore， and， I need hardly say， a terrible disappointment to me， but the fact is I have just had a telegram to say that my poor friend Bunbury is very ill again. [Exchanges glances with JACK. ] They seem to think I should be with him.LADY BRACKNELL. It is very strange. This Mr. Bunbury seems to suffer from curiously bad health.ALGERNON. Yes； poor Bunbury is a dreadful invalid.LADY BRACKNELL. Well， I must say， Algernon， that I think it is high time that Mr. Bunbury made up his mind whether he was going to live or to die. This shilly-shallying with the question is absurd. Nor do I in any way approve of the modern sympathy with invalids. I consider it morbid. Illness of any kind is hardly a thing to be encouraged in others. Health is the primary duty of life. I am always telling that to your poor uncle， but he never seems to take much notice . . . as far as any improvement in his ailment goes. I should be much obliged if you would ask Mr. Bunbury， from me， to be kind enough not to have a relapse on Saturday， for I rely on you to arrange my music for me. It is my last reception， andone wants something that will encourage conversation， particularly at the end of the season when every one has practically said whatever they had to say， which， in most cases， was probably not much.ALGERNON. I'll speak to Bunbury， Aunt Augusta， if he is still conscious， and I think I can promise you he'll be all right by Saturday. Of course the music is a great difficulty. You see， if one plays good music， people don't listen， and if one plays bad music people don't talk. But I'll ran over the programme I've drawn out， if you will kindly come into the next room for a moment.LADY BRACKNELL. Thank you， Algernon. It is very thoughtful of you. [Rising， and following ALGERNON. ] I'm sure the programme will be delightful， after a few expurgations. French songs I cannot possibly allow. People always seem to think that they are improper， and either look shocked， which is vulgar， or laugh， which is worse. But German sounds a thoroughly respectable language， and indeed， I believe is so. Gwendolen， you will accompany me.GWENDOLEN. Certainly， mamma.[LADY BRACKNELL and ALGERNON go into the music-room， GWENDOLEN remains behind. ]JACK. Charming day it has been， Miss Fairfax.GWENDOLEN. Pray don't talk to me about the weather， Mr. Worthing. Whenever people talk to me about the weather， I always feel quite certain that they mean something else. And that makes me so nervous.JACK. I do mean something else.GWENDOLEN. I thought so. In fact， I am never wrong.JACK. And I would like to be allowed to take advantage of Lady Bracknell's temporary absence . . .GWENDOLEN. I would certainly advise you to do so. Mamma has a way of coming back suddenly into a room that I have often had to speak to her about.JACK. [Nervously. ] Miss Fairfax， ever since I met you I have admired you more than any girl . . . I have ever met since . . . I met you.GWENDOLEN. Yes， I am quite well aware of the fact. And I often wish that in public，at any rate， you had been more demonstrative. For me you have always had an irresistible fascination. Even before I met you I was far from indifferent to you. [JACK looks at her in amazement. ] We live， as I hope you know， Mr Worthing， in an age of ideals. The fact is constantly mentioned in the more expensive monthly magazines， and has reached the provincial pulpits， I am told； and my ideal has always been to love some one of the name of Ernest. There is something in that name that inspires absolute confidence. The moment Algernon first mentioned to me that he had a friend called Ernest， I knew I was destined to love you.JACK. You really love me， Gwendolen？GWENDOLEN. Passionately！JACK. Darling！ You don't know how happy you've made me.GWENDOLEN. My own Ernest！JACK. But you don't really mean to say that you couldn't love me if my name wasn't Ernest？GWENDOLEN. But your name is Ernest.JACK. Yes， I know it is. But supposing it was something else？ Do you mean to say you couldn't love me then？GWENDOLEN. [Glibly. ] Ah！ that is clearly a metaphysical speculation， and like most metaphysical speculations has very little reference at all to the actual facts of real life， as we know them.JACK. Personally， darling， to speak quite candidly， I don't much care about the name of Ernest . . . I don't think the name suits me at all.GWENDOLEN. It suits you perfectly. It is a divine name. It has a music of its own. It produces vibrations.JACK. Well， really， Gwendolen， I must say that I think there are lots of other much nicer names. I think Jack， for instance， a charming name.GWENDOLEN. Jack？ . . . No， there is very little music in the name Jack， if any at all，indeed. It does not thrill. It produces absolutely no vibrations . . . I have known several Jacks， and they all， without exception， were more than usually plain. Besides， Jack isa notorious domesticity for John！ And I pity any woman who is married to a man called John. She would probably never be allowed to know the entrancing pleasure of a single moment's solitude. The only really safe name is ErnestJACK. Gwendolen， I must get christened at once - I mean we must get married at once. There is no time to be lost.GWENDOLEN. Married， Mr. Worthing？JACK. [Astounded. ] Well . . . surely. You know that I love you， and you led me to believe，Miss Fairfax， that you were not absolutely indifferent to me.GWENDOLEN. I adore you. But you haven't proposed to me yet. Nothing has been said at all about marriage. The subject has not even been touched on.JACK. Well . . . may I propose to you now？GWENDOLEN. I think it would be an admirable opportunity. And to spare you any possible disappointment， Mr. Worthing， I think it only fair to tell you quite frankly before-hand that I am fully determined to accept you.JACK. Gwendolen！GWENDOLEN. Yes， Mr. Worthing， what have you got to say to me？JACK. You know what I have got to say to you.GWENDOLEN. Yes， but you don't say it.JACK. Gwendolen， will you marry me？ [Goes on his knees. ]GWENDOLEN. Of course I will， darling. How long you have been about it！ I am afraid you have had very little experience in how to propose.JACK. My own one， I have never loved any one in the world but you.GWENDOLEN. Yes， but men often propose for practice. I know my brother Gerald does. All my girl-friends tell me so. What wonderfully blue eyes you have， Ernest！ They are quite， quite， blue. I hope you will always look at me just like that， especially when there are other people present. [Enter LADY BRACKNELL. ]LADY BRACKNELL. Mr. Worthing！ Rise， sir， from this semi-recumbent posture. It is most indecorous.GWENDOLEN. Mamma！ [He tries to rise； she restrains him. ] I must beg you to retire. This is no place for you. Besides， Mr. Worthing has not quite finished yet.LADY BRACKNELL. Finished what， may I ask？GWENDOLEN. I am engaged to Mr. Worthing， mamma. [They rise together. ]LADY BRACKNELL. Pardon me， you are not engaged to any one. When you do become engaged to some one， I， or your father， should his health permit him， will inform you of the fact. An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise， pleasant or unpleasant， as the case may be. It is hardly a matter that she could be allowed to arrange for herself . . . And now I have a few questions to put to you， Mr. Worthing. While I am making these inquiries， you， Gwendolen， will wait for me below in the carriage.GWENDOLEN. [Reproachfully. ] Mamma！LADY BRACKNELL. In the carriage， Gwendolen！ [GWENDOLEN goes to the door. She and JACK blow kisses to each other behind LADY BRACKNELL'S back. LADY BRACKNELL looks vaguely about as if she could not understand what the noise was. Finally turns round. ] Gwendolen， the carriage！GWENDOLEN. Yes， mamma. [Goes out， looking back at JACK. ]LADY BRACKNELL. [Sitting down. ] You can take a seat， Mr. Worthing.[Looks in her pocket for note-book and pencil. ]JACK. Thank you， Lady Bracknell， I prefer standing.LADY BRACKNELL. [Pencil and note-book in hand. ] I feel bound to tell you that you are not down on my list of eligible young men， although I have the same list as the dear Duchess of Bolton has. We work together， in fact. However， I am quite ready to enter your name， should your answers be what a really affectionate mother requires. Do you smoke？JACK. Well， yes， I must admit I smoke.LADY BRACKNELL. I am glad to hear it. A man should always have an occupation of some kind. There are far too many idle men in London as it is. How old are you？JACK. Twenty-nine.LADY BRACKNELL. A very good age to be married at. I have always been of opinion that a man who desires to get married should know either everything or nothing. Which do you know？JACK. [After some hesitation. ] I know nothing， Lady Bracknell.LADY BRACKNELL. I am pleased to hear it. I do not approve of anything that tampers with natural ignorance. Ignorance is like a delicate exotic fruit； touch it and the bloom is gone. The whole theory of modern education is radically unsound. Fortunately in England，at any rate， education produces no effect whatsoever. If it did， it would prove a serious danger to the upper classes， and probably lead to acts of violence in Grosvenor Square. What is your income？JACK. Between seven and eight thousand a year.LADY BRACKNELL. [Makes a note in her book. ] In land， or in investments？JACK. In investments， chiefly.。
27_The Importance of Being Earnest - WordPress
Oscar Wilde
■ Never allowed t o see h i s family again ■ Spent the remainder of his l i f e in Paris ■ Died alone and poor i n Paris
■ Wit - using words t o be clever and funny with language ■ Pun - a play on words ■ Epigrams- a short, meaningful statement that points out
a t r u t h and are often witty or humorous ■ Motif - a recurring character or element repeated in a
■ Named f o r Queen Victoria of England ■ Was Queen from 1837-1901 ■ Followed the reign of “ M a d ” King
George ■ The culture was very moral and serious ■ Women were expected t o be the “ a n g e l in
Oscar Wilde
■ With other writers and a r t i s t s , rebelled against the prim, moral, religious culture of Victorian England
The importance of Earnest认真的重要性
Happy Ending
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Flashing Point
1.A bit of a farce comedy
2.Contain the aestheticism(唯美主
义）
3.Rich in moral values (道德观）
4.Expression with double meanings
fictions and fairytales
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w
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k
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Complaining about the youth life is too boring, Jack told people around in the country he is going to visit his brother Earnest. In fact he leaves for nearby city. In the network Jack gave his name of Ernest. Later he fell in love with a girl
The Importance of Being Earnest
编辑课件
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A gifted scholar and dramatist
Name: Oscar Wilde Nationality: Ireland Born: 1854.10.16 Death: 1900.11.30 Career: writer, poet and artist Famous for: plays, poems,
——Oscar Wilde
何谓认真，所谓认真只是人对一种 精神上的一种体现，某种意义上来 讲，在人以一种真实态度面对一件 事情的时候过度集中，成功与否， 只是一种体现.
The-Importance-of-Being-Earnest-英文读书报告
A Brief Introduction of the AuthorOscar Wilde is an Irish author, playwright and poet. He published his first book in 1881 and left a lot of valuable spiritual wealth for people. Known for his biting wit and glittering conversation, Wilde has many quotes spread in the world. He himself is also brave enough to struggle for his happiness and dared to be a maverick, just as what he wrote: “I don't want to earn my living; I want to live”, “To love oneself is the beginning of a lifelong romance” and so on.A Brief Introduction of the PlayThe Importance of Being Earnest is it is a farcical comedy in which the main characters maintain fictitious person to escape burdensome social obligations. The squire, John Worthing, come to London to visit his best friend, Algernon Moncrieff, who thinks his name is Ernest. In fact, Jack’s attention is to see his lover, Gwendolen, and propose to her. Algernon finds out Jack’s real identity, then he goes to country with the pseudonym Ernest and falls in love with Cecily, Jack’s ward. Both two ladies say they love the name Ernest. However, the fraud of the name “Ernest”is exposed and it seems the two couples cannot get married. Fortunately, they finally find out that Jack is actually the son of General Moncrieff and he could inherit his holy name, Ernest. In the end of the play, the happy couples embrace and Jack says, “I've now realized for the first time in my life the Vital Importance of Being Earnest.”Different Views of Marriage in the PlayMarriage is one of the most important themes in the Importance of Being Earnest, but marriage dose not mean the same thing to main characters. The question of the nature of marriage appears soon in the conversation between Jack and Algernon, they dispute whether marriage is a “pleasure” or “business” - Algernon says “A man who marries without knowing Bunbury has a very tedious time of it” while Jack mocks “How unromantic you are”. Indeed, marriage is only a loveless duty to Algernon, but to Jack, it is an expression of love and he says he would be loyal to Gwendolen forever.As for the ladies, Cecily and Gwendolen are all romantic about marriage, they think they are “destined” to love a man called Ernest. Cecily falls in love with the bad boy Ernest even she has never seen him and secretly engaged with him. However, Gwendolen is a little different from Cecily, she is also quite aware of her social status. And Lady Bracknell, Gwendolen’s mother, isthe most snobbish person in the play, she thinks marriage is a way to gain wealth, reputation, and a higher social status. Only when she finds out that Jack is actually of good station, does she accept their marriage. Although their views of marriage are totally different, we are glad to see the happy ending and can also form some own thoughts of marriage.。
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? 1888年5月，出版《快乐王子及其他故事》。
1890年6月20日，在报纸上连载长篇小说《道林 ·格 雷的画像》，奠定颓废艺术家的地位。之后他又发 表了散文《社会主义下人的灵魂》，这两部作品都 十分成功，但真正为王尔德赢得名誉的是他的戏剧 作品。可以说他的每一部戏剧作品都受着热烈的欢 迎，有一个时期，伦敦的舞台上竟同时上演着他的 三部作品。
主要作品：
? 文作： 《道林·格雷的画像》 The Picture of Dorian Gray ? 戏剧： 《温德密尔夫人的扇子》 Lady Windermere`s Fan 《莎乐美》Salomé 《认真的重要性》 The Importance of Being Earnest 童话： 《快乐王子（ The happy prince ）》 《夜莺与玫瑰（ Thenightingale and the rose ）》 《自私的巨人（ The selfish Giant ）》
? （2）习语
Algernon: The amount of women in London who flirt with their own husbands is perfectly scandalous. It looks so bad. It is simply washing one's clean linen in public.
语言艺术：
? （1）双关语： 运用双关，不仅可以使语言幽默，俏皮，诙谐，而 且还可以将喜剧效果强烈的表现出来。在王尔德的 这部作品中，作品名字本身就是一个双关语，杰克 为了方便进城寻欢作乐而为自己捏造了一个在城中 叫Ernest 的弟弟。而 Ernest 与earnst 同音，意为“认 真的”。但是，就杰克的语言来看，描绘的却是花 花公子的生活。这就形成了一个双关，并且是强烈 的喜剧效果的反双关。
? 1895年，昆斯伯理侯爵发现儿子阿尔弗莱德 ·道格 拉斯与王尔德交往长达四年而控告王尔德，并到王 尔德常去的名人俱乐部贴上纸条：“致奥斯卡 ?王 尔德——装腔作势的鸡奸客。”公然斥责王尔德是 一个好男色的“鸡奸者”。
? 根据当时英国 1855年苛刻的刑事法修正案，王尔德 被判有罪，在瑞丁和本顿维尔监狱服了两年苦役。 在王尔德服刑期间，妻子康斯坦斯与两个孩子改姓 为荷兰德，移居意大利，而他社交界和文学界的大 多数朋友都对他避之唯恐不及。只有寥寥数人如剧 作家萧伯纳仍挺身维护他。
1900年，王尔德终于在他的好友且曾是他的同性情 人罗伯特 ·罗比·罗斯的帮助下改信天主教（罗斯是 王尔德第一个同性情人，王尔德曾称是因为罗斯的 诱惑使他走上同性恋的道路，当时罗斯 17岁，王尔 德32岁。尽管王尔德后来迷恋道格拉斯，但罗斯多
年来爱慕王尔德，并给予他帮助，罗斯死后的骨灰 按照他的遗愿和王尔德葬在了一起）。于同年 11月 30日因脑膜炎于巴黎的阿尔萨斯旅馆去世，终年 46 岁，死时只有罗斯与另一朋友陪在他身边。王尔德 在巴黎的墓地，按照他在诗集《斯芬克斯》中的意 象，雕刻成了一座小小的狮身人面像。
? 1897年获释后，王尔德动身前往巴黎。他为了两个 孩子曾尝试与康斯坦斯复合，但阿尔弗莱德 ·道格 拉斯却主动来和他见面，表示想与王尔德重修旧好 ，王尔德选择了道格拉斯。 1898年王尔德与道格拉 斯同游意大利，但最后两人仍分手，重新在一起的 两人已不如当初，出狱后的王尔德风光不再，道格 拉斯也开始明白王尔德已不再是那个已婚且人人敬 羡的成功人士。仅管他们曾经相爱，腻在一起聊到 天南地北，但是任性的道格拉斯早前就曾对王尔德 说过：“如果你不再是那个高高在上的王尔德，那 一切都不再有趣。”
? （3）省略
戏剧中经常使用省略句，这样才能使戏剧语言更贴 近生活，更能引起观众的共鸣。
Yes,of course.Hello!Why all these cups?Why cucumber sandwiches?Why such reckless extravagance in one so young? Who is coming to tea?
这是王尔德颠倒成语的典型。首先， flirt 是在两个不太熟悉 的人之间进行的。现在 Algernon 用来形容夫妻，说他们打 Байду номын сангаас骂俏，那当然大出观众的意外。然后他把成语颠倒了。成 语是尠慷桳湩?湯?环搠物祴氠湩湥椠?異汢捩，意即“家丑外扬 ”。现在他竟然说是尠慷桳湩?湯?环挠敬湡氠湩湥椠?異汢捩， 还说成贬义，不仅更符合 Algernon 这种浪荡子的说话特点， 并且能够强烈的突出喜剧效果，将上流社会女士的轻浮无聊 用这种俏皮讽刺的语句活灵活现地展示出来。
一方面，这些省略句更贴近生活，生动活泼。能将 生活中的真实情景展现在读者面前。另一方面，这 句话是阿尔杰农追问杰克住哪里的时候说的，将杰 克想迅速转移话题，人物非常心虚的形象描绘得淋
表现手法
(1) 讽刺
CECILY: Yes, but it is usually chronicles the things that have never happened, and couldn't possibly have happened. I believe that memory is responsible for nearly all the three-volume novels that Mudie sends us. 这是间接讽刺小说通通都是假的。她在前面说过记 忆都是假的，现在又说三册小说定是记忆的产品， 那就当然是假的。在维多利亚年代，小说通常都是 三册厚的。当时的文学观，要求小说要逼真。所以 王尔德作此一击。
The Importance of Being Earnest
作者介绍：
奥斯卡·王尔德（ Oscar Wilde ，1854~1900 ），19世纪出生 在英国最伟大的作家与艺术家 之一，以其剧作、诗歌、童话 和小说闻名。唯美主义代表人 物，19世纪80年代美学运动 的主力和 90年代颓废派运动的 先驱。
作者生平：
? 王尔德生于爱尔兰都柏林的一个家世卓越的家庭 ，是家中 的次子。他的父亲威廉姆 ·王尔德爵士 是一个外科医生，他的母亲是一位诗人与作家。
? 于1874年进入牛津大学莫德林学院学习。在牛津 ，王尔德受到了沃尔特 ·佩特及约翰 ·拉斯金的审 美观念影响，并接触了新黑格尔派哲学、达尔文 进化论和拉斐尔前派的作品，这为他之后成为 唯 美主义 先锋作家确立了方向。在出版首本《诗集 》后，他在文坛开始崭露头角，并来到伦敦发展 。