《汽车实用英语复习2.句子翻译
汽车实用英语试题及答案
汽车实用英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. What is the most common type of vehicle on the road?A. MotorcyclesB. BicyclesC. CarsD. Trucks答案：C2. Which of the following is not a part of a car engine?A. CylinderB. Spark plugsC. Exhaust pipeD. Brake pads答案：D3. What does the abbreviation "ABS" stand for in a car?A. Anti-lock Braking SystemB. Automatic Battery SystemC. Advanced Break SystemD. Automatic Braking System答案：A4. What is the term used for a car that runs on electricity?A. Hybrid carB. Electric carC. Gasoline carD. Diesel car答案：B5. Which of the following is not a type of car insurance?A. CollisionB. ComprehensiveC. LiabilityD. Homeowners答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. The ________ is the part of the car that provides powerfor the wheels.答案：engine2. A ________ is a device that helps to reduce the speed of a vehicle.答案：brake3. The ________ is a safety feature that prevents the wheels from locking up during hard braking.答案：ABS4. An ________ car is one that uses a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.答案：hybrid5. ________ insurance covers the cost of repairing or replacing your vehicle if it's damaged or stolen.答案：Comprehensive三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
汽车实用英语 (3)
《汽车实用英语》1～5单元阶段测试参考答案I. Translate the following English expressions into the Chinese. (10%)1. find out 弄清2. belong to 属于，成为……一员3. on the whole 大体上4. apply to 应用于，适用于5. range from …to （在一定范围内）变化，变动6. squeeze out 挤出，压出7. in one trim 一个型号8. a range of 很多的9. at any one time 在任何一个时间10. get / be familiar with 熟悉II. Vocabulary. Choose the best answer from the 4 choices. (10%)1～5 A B B C B 6～10 C C C B DIII. Fill in the blanks with the given words, changing the forms if necessary. (10%)1. The rise in the cost of living is directly related to the price of oil.2. I don’t believe that she is capable of stealing.3. Istanbul(伊斯坦布尔) was previously known as Constantinople(君士坦丁堡).4. He wants to seek for a challenging job.5. The day of the exam approached.6. The two world wars greatly boomed the aircraft industry.7. She speaks five foreign languages in addition to English.8. A nice cold drink will soon cool you down.9. What time does the performance start?10. Have you and your husband got a joint decision?.VI. Cloze. Fill in the blanks with the given words in the box. (10%) When driving an automobile, the most important thing is to keep safe. So the safety systems with various kinds of technology are equipped with to ensure the occupants have the protection they need.Seat belts are the main restraints that protect the occupants of a motor vehicle. Air bags provide additional protection, so they are called Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS). They are always ready for use.In an emergency, it’s hard to keep a cool head. When it comes to emergency braking, the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) complete with Brake Assist (BA) and Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) can prevent from danger.What’s more, there are many other systems features to prevent the children and the sedan from danger and being stolen.V. Reading Comprehension (40%)Task 1 A C D A BTask 2 F N T F FTask 3 11. forty-two12. Few13. Three of14. a long way15. BothTask 4 16.ties，handkerchiefs，or pairs of socks17. a bottle of champagne18. “Break the top off”，“Use your teeth!”19. He didn’t open the bottle20. 略VI. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (10%)1. 如果哪部分出现异常，应仔细检查问题所在，进行检测，加以解决。
汽车专业英语2版参考译文-20180227-2
第二章内燃机** 工作原理使用煤气作燃料、成功地以四冲程工作循环进行工作的最早的内燃机由尼古拉斯·奥古斯特·奥托于1876年研制成功。
奥托是一位在道依茨公司（许多年来，一直是世界上最大的内燃机制造商）工作的自学成才的德国工程师。
奥托的助手之一戈特利布·戴姆勒后来研制成功了一台使用汽油的发动机，1885年的4315号专利对该发动机进行了描述。
戴姆勒首次将这种发动机用于汽车上。
汽油机将空气与汽油的可燃混合气吸入气缸，当这些混合气得到压缩后，通过一个定时的火花将可燃混合气点燃。
因此，这样的发动机有时也被称为点燃式（S.I.）发动机。
为了完成一个工作循环，这些发动机的活塞需要走过四个行程：离开气缸盖向外运动，从而吸入空气与燃油的进气行程；向里朝向气缸盖运动，从而使混合气得到压缩的压缩行程；向外运动的做功行程以及向里的排气行程。
进气行程。
进气门开启，排气门关闭。
活塞下行，离开气缸盖（见图2-1a）。
活塞沿着气缸的快速运动导致了压力降低或叫做低压。
在该行程完成三分之一时，此低压会达到低于大气压力约0.3巴的最大值。
实际上产生的低压将取决于发动机的转速和负荷，而一个典型的平均值为低于大气压力0.12巴。
这个低压会将按照10~17份空气与1份汽油的比例（重量比）进行混合的新鲜空气与雾化汽油的混合物吸入气缸。
一种利用缸内低压来实现进气的发动机被称为“通常进气”或“自然吸气”式发动机。
压缩行程。
进、排气门都关闭。
活塞开始上行，朝向气缸盖运动（见图2-1b）。
在活塞达到最内的位置时，进入气缸的混合气会被压缩到原始气缸容积的1/8~1/10。
这种压缩使空气和雾化的汽油分子会靠的更近，并且不仅提高了缸内气体压力，而且还提高了温度。
一般，在节气门全开、发动机运转在大负荷下，最大的气缸压缩压力范围在8~14巴之间。
做功行程。
进、排气门全关闭，并且就在活塞到达压缩行程的上止点之前，火花塞将浓可燃混合气点燃（见图2-1c）。
汽车实用英语课文翻译
汽车实用英语课文翻译汽车实用英语课文翻译《汽车实用英语》是一本图文并茂介绍汽车构造、维修保养和技术应用的通俗专业英语教材。
全书共分16个单元，每个单元由看图说话、课文、阅读材料、应用写作或科技英语知识组成。
以下是小编整理的汽车实用英语课文翻译，欢迎阅读。
汽车实用英语课文翻译1For many people, driving is A peaceful and easy way to get from point A to point B. Unfortunately, it often takes only a second to turn into a driver's nightmare. As traffic accidents continue to happen on the road, the point is not to go somewhere, but to get somewhere safely.Because of its weight and speed, cars always need to be handled carefully. The number of cars on the road is increasing, and accidents are on the rise. In fact, the Numbers that can be described are already staggering. In Canada, more than 450, 000 traffic accidents are reported every year. Perhaps most disturbing is the main cause of these accidents: about 90 per cent are caused by human error.Car makers share responsibility with drivers who are responsible for keeping roads safe. For years, car makers have designed vehicles to improve. Many of the devices in the vehicle are used to ensure passengers' safety. Braking system, this is the most common kind of safety device. In addition, windscreen is also a safety device. And then the seatbelts, airbags, reverse radar, and so on.When the driver encountered an emergency, he should brake to stop the car. This, of course, is the simplest way to protect a car's passengers. Windscreen, usually a curved glass or othertransparent shielding material, placed in front of the car owner's position to prevent wind. As the basic safeguard equipment of automobile safety, the main function of seat belt is to limit the position of the driver or crew member when the accident occurs, and reduce the injury degree of the accident to the personnel. After special sensors to detect the impact of a very short time, is located in the steering wheel or the airbag will pop up on the dashboard, in order to prevent the people directly by wheels, fender or windshield. Reverse radar, also known as parking ancillary system, or reverse computer warning system. It is when the car parking or reversing safety auxiliary processing it more intuitive to voice or show told the driver around obstructions, lifted the driver parking, before and after the detection of problems, while backing eliminate blind spot, enhance the security of driving.Other traffic safety in the performance of the device are: padded dashboard and masks, built-in fixed child seats, concave type plate, anti-lock braking system, daytime lamp, energy absorption bumper. Every year, new vehicles are introduced, and manufacturers have to stabilize the new system to ensure the safety of driving.对于许多人来说开车是件平静而轻松的从A地到B地的方式。
《汽车实用英语》第一单元到第八单元课文习题答案
《汽车实用英语》第一单元到第八单元课文习题答案课程：学年第_ _学期第周月日教学内容备注Unit 1 Development of the AutomobileSection I T alking Face to FaceThe topic area of Talking Face to Face in this unit is to recommend goods or products. The focusis therefore on the patterns that are proper in making and answering inquiries, esp. those about cars orhome appliance.Explanation of difficult expressions:1.at the 4s Store: 4s店是一种以“四位一体”为核心的汽车特许经营模式，包括整车销售（sale）、零配件销售（spare parts）、售后服务（service）、信息反馈（survey）等。
2.Is it for personal or business use? 是私用还是商用？3.With pleasure. Why not go to the showroom? I’ll show you around. We have many models displayed.很乐意。
我们到展厅去好吗？我可以带你看一看，那儿陈列有我们很多车型。
Why not do …? 表示建议某人去做某事。
show sb around 带某人参观display vt. 陈列、展览4.I think there is one type that suits you. 我想总有一款适合你。
5.Sir, how about this one? This car has excellent safety features, like the dual air bags and ABS brakes.Compared to the old types, this type has got improved in exterior design and tint. It offers high levelof comfort and eye-catching styling. And some optional equipment is also offered. 先生，这辆怎么样？这辆车的安全性能是一流的，有两个安全气囊和ABS刹车。
汽车实用英语
《汽车实用英语》accident insurance 事故保险insurance against theft 防盗保险fully comprehensive insurance 全险third-party insurance 第三方保险I. Match the following English and Chinese words.（单词，每小题2分，共30分）1. automobile 汽车2. total capacity 总排量3. transportation 交通4. petrol engine 汽油机5. brake pedal 脚刹车6. lorry 卡车7. manufacturer 制造厂商8. generator 发电机9. gravity 重力10. water pump水泵11. exhaust system 排气系统12. self-ignition自燃13. high-pressurepipe 高压油管14. in-line engine直列式发动机15. injector 喷油器16. pulley 皮带轮17. thermostat 恒温器18. transistor 晶体管19. windscreen 挡风玻璃20. gearbox 变速器21. oil pump 机油泵22. compressionratio 压缩比23. bearing 轴承25. heater hose 暖气软管26. valve stem 气门杆II. Put each of thefollowing sentencesinto English orChinese, using theword given in thebracket if any.Write your answeron the ANSWERSHEET.（翻译，每小题5分，共30分）1. Where did thename “Automobile”come from? TheNew York Times’mention of the name“automobile”wasthe first public useof the term by themedia and helped topopularize thatname for motorvehicles.“汽车”这个名字起源于哪里呢？《纽约时报》是第一个使用“汽车”这个词的媒体，这有助于这个名字的推广，泛指所有的机动车辆。
汽车英语翻译复习资料
1.我强烈推荐买这辆车。
因为这辆车操作灵敏.I strongly recommend buying this car,for it responds well to the controls.2.汽车在美国如此受欢迎主要有三大原因。
There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United States.3.汽车赋予美国人的自由是他们想要的东西The freedom a car gives them is wah America want most to have.4.汽车给人们提供了最舒适最廉价的交通方式。
The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of taraffic .5.与欧洲的出品价相比，优点是他们出场价合理。
Compared to the factory price of European cars,the advantage is that they come with a reasonable factory price.6.与美国一家汽车公司合作，这家公司推出一款新的紧凑型车.The company launched the new model of subcompact car in cooperation with an auto company in America.7.这家跨国公司采用最先进的技术生产混合动力型车。
This international company employed the most advanced technology in producing the hybrid cars.8.王博士提出几条改进现有汽车燃油效率的建议。
Doctor Wang put forward several suggestions on improving the fuel-efficiency of the existing cars.9.每个车标都蕴含丰富的含义。
汽车实用英语项目二 发动机燃油供给系认识
Components cognition
Components cognition
Components cognition
Proper Names
Proper Names
Text learning-example
• Project 2 Acquaintance with engine fuel system • Introduction • The fuel system has the job of supplying a combustible mixture of air and fuel to the engine. There are two different types of petrol fuel systems: systems with a carburetor and systems with electronic fuel injection (EFI). Carburetor fuel systems and EFI systems are designed to deliver the fuel mixture to the engine in a combustible form, but each system does it in a different way.[1] One basic difference is that carburetors atomize the fuel, and injectors spray the fuel. • Carburetor fuel system • The conventional carburetor fuel system consists of the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, carburetor, fuel lines, intake manifold and air cleaner (shown as Figure 2-1). As well as these, the exhaust system is sometimes considered to be a part of the fuel system.
汽车专业英语unit2
UNIT 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE2.1 Purpose and Locations of EnginesThe purpose of an automotive engine is to supply the power needed to move the vehicle. The engine produces this power by burning fuel inside it. Because the engine burns fuel inside, or internally, the engine is known as an internal combustion engine （ICE）.汽车发动机的功用是汽车行驶提供必需的动力。
发动机通过它内部的燃料燃烧来产生动力。
由于发动机在其内部燃烧燃料，所以发动机被称作内燃机。
Engines may be fueled by gasoline, propane （LPG-liquefied petroleum gas）, or diesel fuel. Compressed natural gas （CNG）may also be used in some vehicles.发动机燃料可以是汽油、丙烷（液化石油汽体）或柴油。
压缩天燃气也可以用在一些车辆上。
be fueled by 通过…得到燃料Most automotive engines are located at the front of the vehicle. Many engines drive the rear wheels. This requires a long drive shaft extending form the front wheels to the rear wheels. Other engines drive the front wheels. In the rear-wheel-drive arrangement, the engine sits longitudinally. Its long dimension is from front to back.大多数汽车发动机位于汽车前方。
《汽车实用英语》单元2
3. 气动棘轮扳手(air ratchet)
4.气动千斤顶(pneumatic jacks)
5.气动钻头(air drill)
三、液压工具(hydraulic tools)
1. 液压千斤顶(hydraulic jack)
2.吊车(shopcrane)
3.液压压床 (hydraulic press)
英译汉
1. The engine provides the power to drive the wheels of the vehicle. 2. The cylinder head fits on top of the cylinder block to close off and seal the top of the cylinder. 3. The biggest part of the engine is the cylinder block, which is also called an engine block. 4. A valve train is a series of parts used to open and close the intake and exhaust ports.
2.2.1 Engine systems （发动机系统）
一、Basic engine parts 发动机的基本 零件 二、Four-stroke cycle engine 四冲程 发动机 三、Fuel system 燃油系统 四、Cooling system 冷却系统 五、Lubrication system 润滑系统
手动工具(hand tools)
动力工具(power tools)
2.1.1 Measurement tools in English and Chinese terminology （测量工具的中、英文专有名词）
汽车实用英语课文翻译
1 A 汽车的基本结构01虽然在风格和设计上都有很大的不同，但汽车的结构基本上是相同的。
换句话说，任何汽车都由四部分组成，如发动机、底盘、车身和电气系统。
发动机02发动机是汽车的动力来源。
最常见的类型是内燃机，燃料燃烧的气瓶，将膨胀力的燃烧或爆炸成旋转力，用以推动车辆前进。
03所有发动机都有燃油、排气、冷却和润滑系统。
汽油发动机也有点火系统。
04燃料系统在动力生产过程中起着至关重要的作用，因为它将汽油供应给发动机汽缸。
05排气系统是用来将燃烧的气体排放到车辆后部，进入空气中，安静的排气噪声，并且，在大多数情况下，减少废气中的污染物。
06冷却系统从发动机部件中移除过多的热量07润滑系统是保持发动机运转平稳的重要保证。
机油是系统中使用的润滑剂。
08点火系统提供所需的电火花，以点燃气缸内的空气燃料混合物，从而启动动力冲程。
底盘09底盘是一个框架，用于组装汽车零部件在它。
底盘包括动力车、悬架、转向和制动系统。
10动力传动系统包括从发动机传递扭矩的机构和单位，以及变化的扭矩和转速的大小和方向。
在这些机制和单位是变速器（变速箱），离合器，传动轴，后桥，差速器和车轮。
11悬挂系统的主要目的是支持车辆的重量。
悬挂系统的基本工作是吸收由不规则路面引起的冲击，否则会被传送给车辆及其乘员，从而有助于保持车辆在控制和水平的过程中，不管道路条件。
12转向系统是用来控制车辆的行驶方向，因为它移动。
构成的转向系统的关键部件是方向盘、转向轴、蜗杆、扇形齿轮、转向摇臂、拉杆、转向节臂、主销、转向臂、拉杆、前轴和转向节。
13制动系统是一种通过摩擦来阻止车辆的〖JP〗运动机械和液压平衡的装置。
在结构上，汽车刹车系统包括几个主要部件如制动鼓、刹车蹄、刹车片、汽车等功能，〖JP〗制动系统可分为行车制动装置和停车制动机构。
车身14车身为发动机、乘客和货物提供保护罩。
它的目的是让居住者安全和舒适。
车身一般分为四个部分-前，上部或顶部，后部和底部。
汽车专业英语单词和翻译重点
1.an understanding of how the systems work help you understand how the automobile works .了解各系统如何工作有助于了解汽车是如何工作的。
2.these support the vehicle and cushion it from road bumps for better ride and handling.它们支撑着车身，并缓解由于路面不平引起的颠簸，以获得更好的乘坐舒适型和操作稳定性。
3.The purpose of an automobile engine is to supply the power needed to move the vehicle.汽车发动机的功用是提供汽车行驶所需的动力4.The internal combustion engine is a device used to convert the chemical energy of thefuel into heat energy .and then convert this heat energy into usable mechanical energy .内燃机是一种将燃料的化学能转化为热能，再把热能转化为可利用的机械能的装置。
5.The amount of air/fuel mixture allowed to enter the cylinder determines the power andspeed developed by the engine .进入汽缸中的可燃混合气体的数量，决定了该发动机的功率和转速。
6.Reducing friction to minimize wear and loss of power is the primary job a lubricationsystem must perform.减少摩擦，降低磨损和动力损失是润滑系统必须完成的主要工作。
unit 2 Automotive Maintenance 《汽车实用英语》
Task Description
Automotive maintenance（维护，保养） describes the act of inspecting or testing the condition of car subsystems and servicing or replacing parts and fluids. Regular maintenance is critical to ensure the safety, reliability（可靠性）, drivability, comfort and longevity of an automotive. The following tasks (e.g. oil and filter change, checking drive belt, replacing spark plugs, etc.) are the important items in auto maintenance to avoid major damage or for safety reasons.
2.1.2 How to Choose the Right Motor Oil
The various types of motor oil on the market are designed for different purposes. To choose the proper type of oil for your vehicle, you need to understand the significance of the oil additives （添加剂）, viscosity ratings（粘度比）, and class. 2.1.1 Lubrication System 1-oil gallery; 2-oil pump; 3-oil pan; 4-oil filter; 5-main oil gallery
《汽车实用英语(第二版)》(项目二)
Crankshaft and Connecting Rod
piston
flywheel
intake valve
exhaust valve
Cooling System
coolant
intake stroke
compression stroke
spark plug
★ 掌握燃油发动机的总体构成。 ★ 掌握四冲程发动机的四个活塞冲程。 ★ 理解四冲程发动机的工作原理。
crankshaft Mechanism valve cylinder Lubrication System power stroke
connecting rod engine block Valve Mechanism Fuel System Ignition System exhaust stroke
Task 1——技 能 目 标
★ 能准确对燃油发动机的两大机构和五大系统术语进行中英文互译。 ★ 能准确对四冲程发动机的四个活塞冲程进行中英文互译。 ★ 能用精简的英语叙述四冲程发动机的工作原理。
Task 1——任 务 描 述
（1）学习“知识储备”中的内容，掌握本任务的重点 词汇。
（2）在第一步的基础上学习“畅享阅读”部分“燃油 发动机构造”与“四冲程发动机”，掌握汽车燃油发动机构 造，理解四冲程发动机的工作原理。
学习小贴士：建议首先阅读正文左侧的英文内容。如遇 生词，可先根据上下文猜测词意；猜测不出来的生词可用笔 标记出来。如果影响理解，再通过查询生词或参考右侧的译 文辅助阅读。
（3）在教师的组织下完成本任务的“任务检测”。
Task 1——知 识 储 备
1. generate /ˈdʒenəreɪt/
v. 使形成
汽车实用英语第二课
❖ 3、There are several manual steering gears in current use like the rack and pinion type, the worm and tapered pin steering gear, and the worm and roller steering gear.
n .差速器
❖ cylinder [5silindE] gasoline [5^AsEli:n]
n .汽缸 n .汽油机
❖ spark [spB:k] ignition [i^5niFEn]
n .火花 n .点燃，点火
❖ diesel [5di:zEl]
n .柴油机
❖ shell [Fel]
n .外壳
n. 刹车，制动器
❖ shaft [FB:ft]
n .轴
❖ countershaft [5kauntEFB:ft]
n .中间轴，副轴
❖ shock [FCk]n .冲击来自❖ worm [wE:m]
n .蜗杆，螺纹
❖ horn [hC:n]
n .喇叭
❖ charge [tFB:dV] starter [5stB:tE]
v.充电 n .起动机
学习目标
❖ 1、知识目标： 熟悉汽车的整体结构、及其各部分的功
能。 ❖ 2、技能目标：
掌握汽车构造的专业术语和词汇； 能进行相关内容的阅读和翻译。
Notes to Text
❖ 1、The engine acts as the power unit located normally at the front of the car , followed immediately by a clutch , gear box , propeller shaft , universal joint , differential , back axle , etc .
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《汽车实用英语》句子翻译共分两部分，1、汉译英2、英译汉请翻译一下句子。
注意：除特别注释外，英汉都要记哦。
Unit 1 P9-101.汽车主要由四个部分组成，它们是：发动机、底盘、车身和电气设备。
The automobile consists of 4 parts. They are: engine, chassis, body and electrical equipment.2.传动系由离合器、变速箱、传动轴、后桥、差速器、从动轮组成。
The transmission system consists of clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, real axle and differential and the driving road wheels.3.制动系统的功能之一是使汽车能在尽可能短的距离内停车。
One function of the braking system is to stop the car in as short a distance as possible.4.内燃机，顾名思义，就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的旋转力。
As its name indicates, it obtains power by burning the fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary forced used to propel the vehicle.Unit 2 P265.The following discussion broadly outlines how a basic or conventional Electronic FuelInjection system operates.下面对一般的电控燃油喷射系统地工作原理做基本介绍。
6.As fuel is sprayed into the intake airstreams, it mixes with the incoming air and vaporizes dueto the low pressure in the intake manifold. (英译汉)当燃油被喷射到进气空气流中时，燃油就同进来的空气混合在一起，由于进气歧管里的低气压而蒸发。
7.进气系统由空气滤清器、空气流量计、节气门、空气进气室、进气歧管和进气门组成。
The air induction system consists of the air cleaner, air flow meter, throttle valve, air intake chamber, intake manifold runner, and intake valve.8.节气门开得时间越长，进入发动机气缸里的气体就越多。
As the trottle valve is opened further, more air is allowed to enter the engine cylinder.Unit 3 P 40-419.The valve spring provides the force necessary to close the valve and hold it tightly against itsseat. （英译汉）气门弹簧提供气门关闭时所需要的作用力，保证气门与气门座紧密贴合。
10.气门由头部和杆部组成。
A valve consists of a head and stem.11.配气机构由正时齿轮、凸轮轴、挺杆、气门、带有锁止装置的气门弹簧和气门导管组成。
The valve train is composed of timing gears, a camshaft, tappets, valves,springs with fasteners and valve guides.12.凸轮轴的功用是按特定的顺序准确适时地打开气门并通过气门弹簧的回位作用控制气门的关闭。
（英译汉）Camshaft’s function is to open the engine valves positively and timely, in a definite sequence, and to control their closing against the return action of the valve springs.13.摇臂的一端安装调整螺钉，用来调节摇臂与气门杆尾段之间的气门间隙。
（英译汉）One end of the rocker arm has a threaded hole to receive the adjusting screw used to set the valve clearance between the rocker contract pad and the valve stem tip.Unit 4 P56-5714.离合器是一种用以连接和分离发动机和变速器的装置。
The clutch is a device used to provide smooth engagement and disengagement of the engine and the transmision.15.装有自动变速器的汽车一般不需要离合器。
Cars equipped with automatic transmissions normally do not have a clutch.16.Although there are many types of clutch, the dry single plate type is used almost exclusivelyin passenger cars. (英译汉)虽然离合器种类很多，但干式单片离合器大多专用于乘用车。
17.When the car is on straight road, the ring gear, differential case, differential pinion gears andtwo differential side gears all turn as a unit without any relative motion. （英译汉）汽车直线行驶时，齿圈、差速器壳、差速器行星齿轮和两个差速器半轴齿轮作为一个整体运转，而无任何相关运动（自转）。
18.The pressure on driven disk fitted onto the splined portion of shaft is provided by springsinstalled between the housing the pressure driving disks.. （英译汉）作用于安装在轴的花键部分的从动盘的压力来自壳体与驱动压盘之间的弹簧。
19.The drive shaft, or propeller shaft, connects the transmission output shaft to the differentialpinion shaft.驱动轴或传动轴连接变速器输出轴和差速器（行星齿轮轴）。
20.The universal joint or U-joints is used to connect the drive shaft to the trasmission output shaftand the differentail pinion gear shaft.万向节用来连接驱动轴和变速器输出轴以及差速器（行星齿轮轴）。
Unit 5 P 7221.变速器是用类改变发动机曲轴送到驱动轴的转矩，完成倒车并在汽车长时间停车或滑行时分离发动机和动力传动系统的装置。
The transmission is designed for changing the torque transmitted from the engine crankshaft to the propeller shaft, reversing the vehicle movement and disengaging the engine from the drive line for a long time at parking or coasting.22.机械变速器有外壳、输入轴和齿轮、输出轴和齿轮、堕轮、反转轮（倒档齿轮）、齿轮组和换挡装置组成。
The manual transmission consists of a housing, an input shaft and gear, an output shaft and gear, an idler shaft, a reverse gear, a cluster of gears and a gear shift mechnism.23.换挡装置用来啮合齿轮，实现置于空挡和倒档。
The gear shift mechanism is designed for engaging gears, setting them neutral and engaging the reverse speed.Until 7 P106-10724.齿条从两侧伸出来，与拉杆连接。
Each end of the rack protrudes (from the tube) and connects to a rod, called tie rod.或：The rack protrudes from both sides and connects to the rods.25.轻便型和小型车不必过多地考虑其转向轻便问题。
The smaller cars are light enough that the effort required to turn the steering wheel is not excessive.26.有些车地转向系角传动比是可变的。
Some cars have variable ratio steering.27.转向螺杆不直接接触转向螺母的螺纹，其间装有很多钢球。
Instead of the worm directly engaging, the recirculating balls are filled between the nut and the worm.28.Recirculating ball steering gear consists of two parts: a worm on the end of the steering shaftand a pitman arm shaft on which there is a gear sector.（英译汉）循环球式转向器由两部分组成：装在转向轴末端的蜗杆和装有扇形齿轮（齿扇）的转向摇臂。