英美文化与国家概况
英美国家文化概况(中英文对照)-美国 精品
美国文化概况Chapter 1 Population, race and ethnic groups第一章人口和种族1) Introduction①American is the third most populous country in the world, with 255.5 million people. It isa nation of immigrants. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. There are many racial and ethnic groups. Between 80% and 90% of immigration in the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic counties. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands. Population movements are common in America.美国是世界上的第三大人口国，总人口约2.555亿，仅次于中国和印度。
美国是一个移民大国，移民人口是其人口总数增长的重要原因。
美国的有着不同民族和种族的人口。
在目前美国移民人口中，80%-90%来自亚洲和西班牙语国家。
美国历史上最早的移民来自于英格兰和荷兰。
人口迁徙在美国十分普遍。
2) Black people and the Civil Rights Movement①blacks and slaveryThe largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S., which 12.1 per cent of the population; the first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619.美国最大的少数人种是黑人，占人口的12.1%；1619年最早的人人作为奴隶被运至美国。
英美概况知识点总结归纳
英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美文化与国家概况课后答案
英美文化与国家概况课后答案英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspendedfor the duration of the war.6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. What is the oldest institution of government?9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?12. The House of Commons.13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.16. Who can stand for election as an MP?16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany? 20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today? 24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write inEnglish.25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money. 26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems? 29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples? 31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church recordsindicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. What is the origin of football?34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate this holiday?37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday? 38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated inScotland?41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?44. The British education system run by the state.45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. Is the class system similar with the United States?49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the Britishmonarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscap e…56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and seasonally. Mean annual rainfall is 465mm. Rainfall varies from less than 150mm over the centre of the continent to more than 2m in parts of the tropics and western Tasmania. The average annual surface runoff, about 440km3, represents 12 per cent of total rainfall. Evaporation accounts for most of the rest.57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?57. Australia has six states: New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, Queensland, South Australia (SA), Western Australia (WA) and Tasmania. It also has three internal territories-the Northern Territory (NT), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Jervis Bay Territory-and seven external territories.58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?58. Broadly, the Australian federation has a three-tier system of government: the Australian Parliament (the legislature) and Government, responsible for all matters of national interest; six state governments and their legislatures, complementing the activities of the national government (plus the Australian Capital territory and the Northern Territory, which are similar to the states and largely self-governing); and about 900 local government bodies at the city, town, municipal and shire level.59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?59. Each state and territory of Australia has its own primary and secondary education system. Standards, however, are high and reasonably uniform. Within each state and territory system there are two main types of school-government and nongovernment schools. In government schools, attended by about two thirds of children, tuition is free. About three-quarters of the non-government schools are Catholic. Most non-government schools charge fees.60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.60. Situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean, New Zealand is a large, long group of islands, 1600 kilometres from north to south. There are two main landmasses, the North Island and the South Island, separated by Cook Strait. The third largest island, Stewart Island, is south of the South Island, and there are many smaller islands, including uninhabited isolated islands hundreds of kilometres offshore. Its nearest large neighbour-Australia—is almost 2 000 km away.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?61. New Zealand's constitution is made up of parliamentary statutes (laws), judicial rulings (court decisions) and administrative practices. New Zealand has no written constitution. The Constitution Act 1986 defines the relationship between the legislative (Parliament), executive (Government departments and agencies) and judicial (the courts) roles of government.New Zealand is an independent state, governed by a democratically elected parliament. The Head of State is the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II in her capacity as Queen of New Zealand, represented by a Governor-General. The Governor-General's agreement is required for an Act of Parliament to become law.62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?62. With the fast development of commerce and trade, the bourgeoisie became increasingly powerful in politics as well as in economy. They wanted to share power with feudal lords and in some countries such as England they wanted to have more power from the king so that they could have free development. The English Revolution was the result of this growth of capitalism.63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?。
《英美国家概况》课件
04
英美国家对世界的影响
政治影响
英美国家政治体制对全球民主化进程的推动
英美国家作为民主制度的发源地，其政治体制对全球民主化进程产生了深远影响，许多国家在政 治制度上效仿英美，推动了全球民主化进程。
英美国家在国际政治中的领导地位
英美国家凭借强大的经济和军事实力，在国际政治中发挥着领导作用，对国际关系和全球事务产 生重大影响。
02
英美国家的贸易政策对全球经济产生深远影响，其贸易策对全球投资环境的影响
03
英美国家的投资政策对全球投资环境产生重要影响，其投资政
策的变化对全球投资格局和经济发展产生重要影响。
文化影响
英美国家文化输出对全球文化多样性的影响
英美国家作为全球文化输出大国，其文化产品对全球文化多样性产生重要影响，影响了世 界各地的文化传统和价值观。
英美国家教育体系对全球教育的启示和影响
英美国家的教育体系被认为是全球最优秀的教育体系之一，其教育理念和方法对全球教育 产生了重要影响和启示。
英美国家科技发展对全球科技进步的推动作用
英美国家在科技领域一直处于领先地位，其科技发展对全球科技进步产生了重要推动作用 ，引领全球科技发展方向。
05
总结与展望
总结词
美国地理环境多样，历史悠久，是世界上的超级大国。
详细描述
美国位于北美洲，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南至墨西哥及古巴。美国拥有丰富的自然 资源，国土面积居世界第四位。美国历史可追溯至1776年独立建国，经历了两次世界大战和冷战，成 为全球领先的政治、经济、军事和文化大国。
政治与经济
总结词
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施
英美国家对外政策的制定与实施对全球政治稳定和国际安全产生重要影响，其外交政策对其他国 家产生示范效应。
英美国家概况的名词解释
英美国家概况的名词解释英美国家，即英国和美国，是两个历史悠久、文化丰富的重要国家。
本文将对与英美国家相关的几个名词进行解释，以便更好地理解这两个国家的概况。
一、英国1.英国（United Kingdom）英国是由四个国家组成的主权国家，分别是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个古老而庞大的民主国家，具有悠久的历史和文化遗产。
它的首都是伦敦，也是全国最大的城市。
英国是世界上最早实行议会制度的国家之一，英国议会在国家政治中发挥着重要的作用。
2.女王（Queen）英国的最高元首是女王，目前是伊丽莎白二世。
虽然女王的权力很有限，但她在国家象征和在国内外的代表方面具有重要作用。
女王在国内是象征统一和稳定的力量，也是国家的象征之一。
3.下议院（House of Commons）和上议院（House of Lords）英国议会由两个部分组成，分别是下议院和上议院。
下议院是由选举产生的国会议员组成，代表着普通民众的利益。
上议院则由具有世袭或由女王任命的成员组成，代表了英国的各个社会阶层和权贵利益。
两个议院在通过法律和决策方面具有平等的地位。
4.脱欧（Brexit）脱欧是英国脱离欧洲联盟的简称，是近年来英国政治中的重大事件。
2016年，英国举行公投决定是否脱欧，最终脱欧派以微弱优势胜利。
这一决定引发了一系列的政治和经济变革，对英国和欧洲乃至全球产生了深远影响。
二、美国1.美国（United States）美国是由五十个州组成的联邦共和制国家，是世界第三大国家。
它是一个多民族、多文化的国家，人口众多，经济强大。
美国以其广阔的土地、先进的科技和繁荣的文化而闻名于世。
2.总统（President）美国总统是美国的最高政府首脑，负责领导国家的行政事务和外交关系。
总统由公民选举产生，任期为四年。
美国总统在国内外事务、国家安全和法律领域具有重要的职权。
3.国会（Congress）美国国会是美国的立法机构，由参议院和众议院组成。
英美文化与国家概况52页文档
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26、我们像鹰一样，生来就是自由的 ，但是 为了生 存，我 们不得 不为自 己编织 一个笼 子，然 后把自 己关在 里面。 ——博 莱索
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27、法律如果不讲道理，即使延续时 间再长 ，也还 是没有 制约力 的。— —爱·科 克
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28、好法律是由坏风俗创造出来的。 ——马 克罗维 乌斯
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29、在一切能够接受法律支配的人类 的状态 中，哪 里没有 法律， 那里就 没有自 由。— —洛克
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30、风俗可以造就法律，也可以废除 法律。 ——塞·约翰逊
66、节制使快乐增加并使享受加强。 ——德 谟克利 特 67、今天应做的事没有做，明天再早也 是耽误 了。——裴斯 泰洛齐 68、决定一个人的一生，以及整个命运 的，只 是一瞬 之间。 ——歌 德 69、懒人无法享受休息之乐。——拉布 克 70、浪费时间是一桩大罪过。——卢梭
英美文化与国家概况 来方安版 全文翻译++
Chapter 1第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England。
地理名称:不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2。
Official name：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland。
官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands—Great Britain （the larger one）and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones。
不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain：England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain。
It is the largest，most populous section。
英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands；the south Uplands) Capital：Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英国概况Unit 1
英美文化与国家概况British and American Studies ( British Part )Unit One大学英语第一教研室余非编2013年2月Unit 1 The Country and the People Contents:1.Geographic Features2.People and Religion3.Official and Local Languages------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Geographic Features1.1Component （组成部分）✧To the west and off the European Continent, several thousand of islands exist on theContinental Shelf. They are generally called the British Isles（不列颠群岛）.✧Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain（大不列颠；英国）. For the sake ofconvenience, Great Britain is often shorten to Britain.✧The island of Great Britain runs nearly 1,000 kilometers from south to north . It extends , atthe widest part, about 500 kilometers from west to east.✧Still to the west of Great Britain is Ireland , the second largest island. It is politically dividedinto two parts, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.✧The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)is made up of Great Britain, Northern Ireland and a number of smaller islands around them.The total area of U.K. is over 245,000 square kilometers. Its total population is about60.94million (2008)Traditionally, Great Britain is divided into three countries or political regions:✧England in the south✧Scotland in the north✧Wales in the southwest.England :✧The largest area of all the three✧Its area : almost 60% of the whole island✧Its population : over 50 million .✧The importance of Engla nd is so great in Britain that some foreigners just say “England”when they mean Britain, and they say the “English people” when they mean the British people.Scotland :✧The second largest both in area and population✧Its area : about 78,760 square kilometers✧Its population : more than 5 million.Wales✧The smallest of the three both in area and population✧Its area : about 20,700 square kilometers✧Its population : about 2.7 million.Northern Ireland✧Its area : about 14,000 square kilometers✧Its population : about 1.5 million.Supplement 1Ireland✧Ireland was an independent kingdom before the Anglo-Norman（盎格鲁-诺曼语的）invaders came. Henry VIII（亨利八世）was the first English king to conquer Ireland and force English law on the Irish people. Soon after the conquest, large numbers of Scottish immigrants came in and established a colony in Ulster (阿尔斯特), another name for Northern Ireland.✧The Irish people were mostly Roman Catholics （罗马天主教）and they were opposed to theEnglish occupation. The English Government put down the rebellion made by the Irish people and passed the Penal Law (刑法) in 1690, which deprived the Irish Catholics of all their legal rights.✧Irish people never stopped fighting for independence. Their successful struggle finally led tothe establishment of the Republic of Ireland in 1927 within British Commonwealth（英联邦.In 1948 Ireland withdraw from Commonwealth and declared itself a republic.✧However, since most of the immigrants from Britain were Protestants (新教徒) , theyrefused to separate themselves form their home country. They held the northeast of the island , and up to now they continue to keep it within the United Kingdom. It is today’ s Northern Ireland.Supplement 2Irish Republican Army ( IRA)✧Nowadays, in Northern Ireland there are one-third of people are still Roman Catholics ,whodemand independence from Britain that is dominated by Protestantism (新教徒主义、新教徒).✧Therefore, some radical Roman Catholics organized a military group fighting for theindependence of Northern Ireland. It often resorts to terrorist campaigns （战役；活动）of bombing, murdering and arson.1.2 Physical Features（自然特色）✧Leaving Ireland on one side, The island of Great Britain can be divided into two partsaccording to its geographic features:1) The Highland Zone in the north and west and2) The Lowland Zone in the south and southeast.✧Britain is an island country, with its coastline running about 8,000 kilometers.✧The coastline is highly irregular with many bays and inlets that provide lots of harbors andshelters for ship and boats.✧As an island country, Great Britain does not share a land border with any other countriesexcept the Republic of Ireland.✧To the north of Great Britain the seaway is open and leads to the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋).✧Across the North Sea Britain faces such countries as Holland, Germany , Denmark andNorway.✧To the southeast and across the English Channel is France , which is linked with Britain by atunnel called the Channel Tunnel (海峡隧道)，open to traffic in 1994, was built by Britishand French private investors. The main tunnel is 50-km long at an average depth of 40 meters below the seabed.✧The tunnel has great symbolic importance as an unbroken link between Britain and theEuropean Continent.The Highlands of Scotland:✧Scotland is a mountainous country , with its highlands taking up over half of the country. BenNevis, the highest mountain in Britain, with an elevation of 1,300 meters in North Scotland. The Central Lowlands of Scotland:✧ A great valley , which forms the Central Lowlands of Scotland , is lying to the south of theHighlands of Scotland, the valley is also called the Middle Valley. It is the most important economic region in Scotland and accommodates three-quarters of Scotland’s total population.✧The Southern Uplands: The land on the southern side of the Central Lowlands of Scotland isknown as the Southern Upland. The area includes some very old mountains with round tops. The Pennines (奔宁山脉)：✧In the northern part of England, include some old mountains which make up a kind of plateau.Pennine Chains run about 120 kilometers from south to north , known as the backbone of England.The Lake District:✧Well-known for its unique lakes, is situated on the western side of the Pennines. The area hasthe finest scenery in Britain. It is also well-known in the history of English literature because it was home to Lake Poets (湖畔[派]诗人)，such as William Wordsworth (华兹华斯)；Robert Southey(罗伯特.骚塞_ .The Welsh Massif:✧This massif embraces all the hill masses that near to the west of middle part of England.2.People and Religion2.1 People✧The United Kingdom has a population of 60.94 million (2008), with an average populationdensity of 244 persons per sq km.✧British’s population is overwhelmingly urban, with about 90% living in urban areas and 10%living in rural areas.✧Like U.S.A, the United Kingdom is also a melting-pot of different cultures. It has a diversepopulation that includes people from almost every continent of the world , such as Indians, Chinese and Africans, but a majority of them are white westerns.✧Immigrants from India make up 1.5% of the population; Chinese, 0.3%; and Africans, 0.03%.✧Asian and black minorities are still suffering from discrimination and disadvantages.✧However, the British government has passed laws to ensure fairness and justice for ethnicminorities. The Race Relations Act of 1976 makes it illegal to discriminate against any person because of race, color, nationality, or origin, and it is a criminal offense to incite racial hatred.Ethnic component of white people in Britain :①English people : originate from the descendents of English-speaking Anglo-Saxonsand the Jutes(朱特人), who arrived in Britain as invaders between the 5th and 7thcenturies A.D.②Scottish and Welsh people: Most of them originate from Celts ---The first settlers wholived on this land, but later driven to the North and West by later arrivers.③French-speaking Normans: conquered England in 1066, adding another ethniccomponent to the nation.✧The U.K. has a smaller percentage of younger people and a higher percentage of older people,with more than 20% of the people over the age of 60; those under the age of 15 years make up only 19.5 of the population.✧Life expectancy in Britain is 75 years for men and 81 years for women. (2001)2.2 Religion✧The British law protects religious freedom. Everyone has the freedom to believe any church,or not to believe any religion at all. Most of the world’s religi ons have followers in Britain.✧The majority of the British people believe in Christianity., which is the religion of thefollowers of Jesus Christ. The first Christian church was established at Canterbury (坎特伯雷，英格兰东南部一座自治市)。
英美国家概况课程教学大纲
《英美文化与国家概况》课程教学大纲学分：3.0学时：52适用专业：商务英语、应用英语一、课程性质（定位）与任务课程性质：商务英语专业的必修专业技能基础课程，是一门素质拓展课。
通过本课程的学习，达到开阔学生视野，扩大学生知识面的目的。
课程目标：通过介绍英国和美国这两个最有代表性的英语国家的历史、地理、社会、经济、政治、教育及其文化传统，使学生对西方思想的形成有进一步的认识，扩展自身人文知识，为学生在英语学习中扫除缺乏背景知识的障碍，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。
前导课程：综合英语后续课程：商务英语、商务英语翻译二、课程目标知识目标：通过教学，使学生了解英、美两国的国家地理、历史、人文特征、经济、宗教、社会、教育与文化等基本情况以及传统的风俗习惯等。
理解西方思想的根源，包括英、美两国社会的思想意识的根源与形成；理解英国历史发展对其现今社会、宗教与政治制度的影响，以及美国社会、文化结构多元化的历史渊源，掌握英、美两国经济、文化和社会等方面的知识要点，还要求学生通过听讲、阅读、讨论等方式提高英语语言应用能力。
技能目标：能够运用学到的知识解释英语学习中遇到的有关问题，提高阅读能力及学生的英语语言水平、跨文化交际能力及文化思考能力。
素质目标：以认识和解读英语国家文化为切入点，深化语言学习与文化学习的内涵关联，提升学习语言的实效和在真实世界中的应用能力。
在提高学生文化意识的基础上，提高学生的文化观察能力、文化思索能力、文化甄别能力和文化探索能力。
三、教学内容及具体要求Chapter 1 Land and People of the UK授课学时：4教学内容：英国的国土和人民基本要求：通过教学使学生对英国国家的组成、地理、气候、旅游名胜等有一个初步的了解，熟悉英国的主要民族及英国人的性格特点。
Chapter 2 The Origins and Shaping of the Nation授课学时：6讲授内容：英国国家起源和形成基本要求：通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，掌握主要历史事件及人物。
英美国家概况之饮食文化 全文免费
• 土地广阔
• 历史短而且有一百多个国家不同种 族的人移民到美国，庞大的外来族 移民在美国，成家立业，让美国成 为世界人种的大熔炉。美国食品菜 肴的形成来自这个“大熔炉”。
• 人文因素大于地缘因素
Part 2
英国一日三餐
早餐以面包、牛奶、鸡蛋、果汁、麦片、咖啡、香肠等为主。标准英式 早餐中这么多花样的食品不是供客人选用其中几样，而是全都放在一个 大餐盘里。一般在8时左右
• 有时会一日多餐
约克夏布丁
烤牛肉
丰富早餐
英国特色美食
Part 3
Turducken
苹果派
美国特色美食
Part 3
Cobb Salad
Part 4
英国茶文化
• 在西欧各民族中，英国人最喜欢喝茶。
•
被窝茶：英国人早晨起床前通常把一壶红茶、奶罐、糖罐、茶具都放 在床前的灯柜上，便于起床前饮用。
• 下午茶：有些人习惯在下午三点钟喝“下午茶”。他们大多喝的是中 国茶，如把红茶路上叶揉碎，浸泡后过滤倒出茶叶，再掺入橘子、玫 瑰、薄荷、柠檬、鲜奶等，可分别制 成“伯爵红茶”、“玫瑰红茶”、 “薄荷红茶”、“柠檬红茶”和奶茶等等。时下所流行的下午茶 （HIGH TEA）内容包括各式小点、松糕、水果挞及三明治等。 伦敦人喝下午茶并非随意地吃些点心，而通常是搭配成套。 吃点 心的次序也有讲究。先是顶层的松饼或底层的三文治，最后才是中层 的甜点。吃松饼时要在中间夹上Clotted Cream和特制果酱。
副食习语 fish meat egg Drink like a fish. (牛饮) Be meat and drink to sb.(使某人开心) As sure as eggs is eggs.(千真万确)
【优质】英美国家文化概况
U5
1.Although Britain is a unitary state, it does not have a single legal system.
3.People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain.
4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of olderpeople and a higher percentage of younger people.
4. The House of Lords is thesecond chamber where changes in law can be made.
5. The party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Lords becomes the official Opposition.
5. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the Lord Chancellor.
6.The main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales are the County Courts.
英美文化概况课件
宗教信仰与道德观念
宗教信仰
英国的宗教信仰主要是基督教，而美国则更 为多元化，包括基督教、犹太教、伊斯兰教 等。
道德观念
英国人重视传统道德观念和社会秩序，而美 国人则更注重个人自由和权利。
05
跨文化交际策略
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW
ERA
提高跨文化意识
意识到文化差异的存在
的独特性。
避免文化优越感
02
不以自己文化的标准去评判其他文化，认识到每种文化都有其
独特的价值和意义。
促进平等交流
03
在交际过程中，平等对待不同文化背景的人，避免歧视或排斥
。
掌握跨文化交际技巧
提高语言沟通能力
学习并掌握英语或其他跨文化交际语言，以 便更好地交流和理解。
灵活应对文化冲突
遇到文化冲突时，能够灵活调整自己的交际 策略，化解矛盾和误解。
善于倾听和观察
在交际过程中，积极倾听对方的意见和观点 ，观察对方的文化习俗和行为方式。
利用文化知识解决实际问题
将所学的文化知识运用到实际交际中，提高 解决跨文化交际问题的能力。
BIG DATA EMPOWERS TO CREATE A NEW ERA
06
英美文化在全球化背景下的影响与传 播
英美文化在全球的传播与影响
ERA
美国历史与民族
美国历史
从殖民地时期、独立战争、西进运动到现代社会，美国历史的演变塑造了其独 特的民族性格和文化。
多元民族
美国是一个多元民族的国家，各个族群带来了各自的文化传统和习俗，形成了 丰富多彩的民族特色。
美国文学与电影
文学
美国文学深受欧洲文学的影响，同时又具有独特的创新性， 如马克·吐温、海明威等作家的作品。
英美文化概况ppt课件
Capital: Belfast贝尔法斯特
Area: -10%
History: Ireland was conquered by England in the 17th C
Scotland苏格兰
Capital: Edinburgh爱丁堡
Area: - 30%
3. Rivers and Lakes
Rivers: River Clyde克莱德 , the most important in Scotland River Severn 塞文河 (355 km), the longest in the UK River Thames 泰晤士河(336km), the second longest but the most
beautiful rock scenery
Lake Poets 湖畔诗人- William Wordsworth 华兹华斯 in the 19th Century, a passive romantic poet消极浪漫主义诗人
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为 的，应 当按照 消费者 的要求 增加赔 偿其受 到的损 失，增 加赔偿 的金额 为消费 者购买 商品的 价款或 接受服 务的费 用
“Ireland” = the Republic of Ireland+ Northern Ireland
爱尔兰岛 =爱尔兰共和国+北爱尔兰
Full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 (Britain / Great Britain / UK for short)
英美文化探索：了解英语国家文化背景
• 街头文化的习俗
跨文化交际中的礼仪与习俗
跨文化交际中的礼仪
• 尊重对方的习惯
• 适应不同的社交场合
• 保持良好的沟通
跨文化交际中的习俗
• 了解对方的文化背景
• 尊重对方的宗教信仰
• 适应对方的生活节奏
03
英美教育制度与价值观
英国教育制度与价值观
英国教育制度的特点
英国教育价值观的特点
• 宗教文化的相似性
• 民主价值观的共享
⌛️
02
英美社会礼仪与习俗
英国社会礼仪与习俗
英国社会的礼仪
英国社会的习俗
• 称呼的礼仪
• 茶文化的习俗
• 餐桌礼仪
• 酒吧文化的习俗
• 社交礼仪
• 体育赛事的习俗
美国社会礼仪与习俗
美国社会的礼仪
• 称呼的礼仪
• 餐桌礼仪
• 社交礼仪
美国社会的习俗
• 咖啡文化的习俗
• 骑士文化的发展
03
英国文化在近现代时期的发展
• 工业革命的兴起
• 殖民主义的扩张
• 民主制度的完善
美国文化历史背景与发展
美国文化在现代时期的发展
• 科技的进步
• 全球化的影响
• 社会问题的关注
美国文化起源于殖民地时期
• 欧洲移民的到来
• 宗教的多样性
• 奴隶制的兴起
美国文化在独立战争后的发展
• 民主制度的确立
CREATE TOGETHER
谢谢观看
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DOCS
美国文学与艺术
美国文学的特点
美国艺术的特点
• 浪漫主义文学的传承
英美文化概况
head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
1. Constitution
❖1.2 Common law （判例法）
▪ deduced from custom or legal precedents
and interpreted in court cases by judges
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.2 Queen
Buckingham Palace
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
branches
• the commander-in-chief of all armed forces of
the Crown
• “supreme governor” of the Church of England
More >>
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
英语国家概况 GuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries
TheUnitedKingdom ofGreatBritainand NorthernIreland
英美文化发展概况ppt
03
美国文化发展
殖民地时期文化
欧洲移民
文化交融
17世纪初，英国和其他欧洲国家的移 民开始在美国的13个殖民地建立家园， 带来了各自的文化和生活方式。
不同国家和地区的移民带来了各自独 特的语言、风俗和传统，形成了多元 化的文化交融。
宗教信仰
殖民地时期的美国文化深受基督教影 响，许多移民都是为了逃避宗教迫害 而来到美国的。
06
结论
研究总结
01
英美文化在历史进程中不断演变，受到多种因素的影响，包括宗教、 政治、经济和社会变革等。
02
英美文化的特点包括重视个人自由、独立和竞争，以及强调传统和秩 序。
03
英美文化在文学、艺术、音乐和电影等领域取得了巨大成就，对世界 文化产生了深远影响。
04
尽管英美文化有许多共同点，但也存在一些差异，如英国的保守和矜 持与美国的开放和自由。
THANKS
感谢观看
现代多元文化
移民影响
来自世界各地的移民为美国带来了丰富的多元文 化，使得美国文化更加丰富多彩。
消费文化
随着经济的发展和消费水平的提高，美国消费文 化逐渐形成，成为美国文化的重要组成部分。
科技创新
美国的科技创新一直处于世界领先地位，这也为 美国文化的发展注入了新的活力。
04
英美文化的异同
语言与文学
化。
工业革命与现代文化
工业革命
18世纪的工业革命改变了英国社会的面貌，城市化、工业化和人口流动带来了新的文化 现象和社会问题。
文学与艺术
工业革命时期的英国文学和艺术取得了巨大的发展，出现了许多杰出的作家、艺术家和思 想家，如查尔斯·狄更斯、威廉·莎士比亚等。
现代价值观
《英美文化概况》课件
有重要地位。其文学作品涵盖了各个时期和流派，反映了英国社会的变
迁。
02
美国文学
美国文学从殖民地时期的清教徒文学到独立战争时期的民族主义文学，
再到现代文学，形成了独特的风格和主题。美国文学强调个人主义、自
由和独立。
03
对比
英国文学和美国文学在风ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ、主题和表达方式上存在差异。英国文学更
注重社会批判和人性的探索，而美国文学则强调个人自由和自我实现。
英国风俗
下午茶
英国传统的下午茶文化，包括精 致的茶具、三明治和蛋糕等。
赛马
英国赛马文化盛行，每年举办多场 赛马比赛。
板球
英国流行的运动项目之一，尤其在 英格兰和威尔士地区广受欢迎。
02
CATALOGUE
美国文化
美国历史
早期文明
包括美洲原住民文化、 西班牙探险者和法国殖
民地的建立。
独立战争
美国独立宣言的签署和 美国独立战争的胜利。
艺术则更加前卫和创新。
风俗对比
英国风俗
英国拥有丰富的传统节日和风俗习惯，如圣诞节、复活节和英式 茶文化等。这些风俗反映了英国的历史和文化传统。
美国风俗
美国风俗也具有独特的特点，如感恩节、万圣节和美式快餐文化等 。这些风俗体现了美国人的生活方式和价值观。
对比
英国和美国的风俗习惯在某些方面相似，但在其他方面存在显著差 异。这些差异反映了两个国家的历史、文化和传统。
狄更斯
维多利亚时代的小说家， 代表作品有《雾都孤儿》 、《双城记》等。
英国艺术
油画
英国艺术家如约翰·康斯太 勃尔、约瑟夫·特纳等在油 画领域取得了卓越成就。
雕塑
亨利·摩尔等雕塑家为英国 雕塑艺术带来了国际声誉 。
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1. Geography 2. Population, Race and Ethnic Groups 3. American History (I)(1600-1900) 4. American History (II)(1900-1945) 5. American History (III)(1945-1980s) 6. The Economy 7. Political Institutions 8. Education 9. Literature, Architecture and Music 10. Holidays and Festivals
3. Rainfall Britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000mm. There is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east.
美国地理位置 美国人口种族 美国历史（1） 美国历史（2） 美国历史（3） 美国经济 政治制度 美国教育 文化、建筑和音乐 节日和假期
Chapter 1 Land and People
1. Can you describe the geographical position of Britain? 2. Can you describe the favorable climate of Britain? 3. Can you describe the distribution of Britain’s population? 4. Can you describe the differences in character among the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish?
3. Linda: How do you know this information? Eric: A little bird told me. Linda: Do you have a parrot? Key: I see.
主讲： 主讲：蒋卓颖
1. Land and People 英国的国土与人民 2. The Origins of a Nation 英国的起源 3. The Shaping of the Nation 英国的形成 4. Transition to the Modern Age 向现代英国的过渡 5. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰 6. The Economy 英国经济 7. Government and Administration 英国政府机构 8. Justice and the law 法律与司法机构 9. Social Affairs 英国社会 10. Cultural Affairs 英国文化
6. Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales. （1,085m）
IV. Climate
1. Britain's favorable climate Britain has a maritime climate---winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.
2) The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious and thrifty people, and they are also hospitable, generous and friendly. 3) The Irish are charm and vivacity.
2. The difference in character 1) The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. They are music lovers and are proud of their past. Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. The great event of the year is the National Eisteddfod. On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry, music, singing and art.
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.
England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. Capital: London Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast
II. Geographical Features 1.Geographical position of Britain: Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands.
“I have a question, teacher!” “Have you eaten your meal? Where are you going?” “How old are you? How much do you earn in China?” “Hello, this is me, who are you?” “Please sit down, Mrs. Green. You’re so old.” …
III. Rivers and Lakes
1. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
2. Severn River is the longest river in Britain (338km).
3. Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).
I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.
4. Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometers).
5. River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland.
伦敦大本钟
伦敦桥
城堡
公园
公寓
Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation
2.The factors influence the climate in Britain: 1）The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer; 2）The prevailing south-west winds or the Westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate; 3）The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.