前麦弗逊独立悬架毕业设计
前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计
存档编号华北水利水电大学North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power毕业设计题目乘用车悬架系统设计学院机械学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化姓名学号指导教师完成时间2014.05教务处制独立完成与诚信声明本人郑重声明:所提交的毕业设计(论文)是本人在指导教师的指导下,独立工作所取得的成果并撰写完成的,郑重确认没有剽窃、抄袭等违反学术道德、学术规范的侵权行为。
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毕业设计(论文)作者签名:指导导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:毕业设计(论文)版权使用授权书本人完全了解华北水利水电大学有关保管、使用毕业设计(论文)的规定。
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毕业设计(论文)作者签名:导师签名:签字日期:签字日期:摘要悬架的主要功能是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩,缓冲传给车身的冲击载荷,通过减震器衰减由车轮引起的簧上震动,保证汽车行驶的平顺性,保证车轮在路面不平和载荷变化时有理想的运动特征,增强汽车的操纵稳定性,轻便性。
本文首先论述了悬架的分类、优缺点及国内外的研究现状,然后以日产天籁为设计参照,使用传统设计方法(非优化设计)设计计算前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架,涵盖了选定悬架质量分配系数,选定车震频率、偏频比,计算悬架静挠度和动挠度,减震器行程及工作缸内径的选择及螺旋弹簧的直径、工作圈数设计等。
本次设计中使用UG软件做出三维模型,再进行装配,装配完成后,将其分别导入ADAMS/car和adams/view中进行仿真分析和动画仿真,得出汽车行驶时的仿真动画、整车车轮前束角、整车车轮外倾角、前轮主销内倾角、前轮主销后倾角、摩擦半径、后轮侧倾中心坐标的相关数据变化。
轿车前麦弗逊悬架毕业设计
毕业披廿(论文)奇瑞轿车前麦弗逊悬架设廿可修编・X 11Abstract21绪论31.1课题背景和意义 (3)1.2悬架的发展历史和现状 (4)1.3悬架的发展體势 (5)1.4课题主要容和研究目的 (5)2悬架结构方案分林62.1悬架总成分析 (6)2.2独立悬架优缺点分析 (6)2.3独立悬架特点与分类 (7)2.3.1双横臂式悬架构造及其特征分析 (7)2.3.2单横臂式悬架构造及其特征分析 (7)2.3.3单斜臂式悬架构造及其特征分析 (9)2.3.4麦弗逊式悬架构造及其特征分析 (10)3麦弗遜戏数立悬架atm3.1麦弗逊式独立悬架设计ffliS 113.3麦弗逊悬架的结构分林 (12)3.4悬架的耶性特性设计 (13)3.5悬架挠度£的设计 (13)3.5.1悬架静挠度£的设计 (13)3.5.2悬架动挠度办设计 (14)3.6悬架呷性元件设计 (14)3.6.1螺旋耶簧分林 (14)3.6.2螺旋耶簧地质料及许用应力选取 (15)3.6.3弹簧参数的计算选择 (15)3.6.4计算空载M度 (16)3.6.5计算满载M度 (16)3.6.6按照満载运算弹簧拥丝的直径 (16)3.6.7螺旋耶簧校核 (17)3.6.8 小结 (17)3.7导向机构设计 (18)3.7.1导向机构地设计要求 (18)3.7.2导向机构的布置参数 (19)3.7.3导向机构的受力分林 (22)3.7.4横臂轴线安81方法地选取 (22)3.7.5横瞿臂参数对车轮定位参数地改变 (23)3.7.6导向机构建模 (24)3.8减振器的设计 (24)3.8.1城振器的简单分类 (24)3.8.2双向筒贰液力械振器工作原理 (25)3.8.3相对阻力系数屮 (25)3.8.4城振器阻尼系数6地确定 (26)3.8.5城振器工作缸直径D地确定 (26)3.8.6 小结 (27)3.9横向稳定器 (28)3.10悬架結构元件 (29)4甫轮定位参数304.1主舗后頓角 (30)4.2主细蹶角 (31)4.3前轮外倾角 (33)4.4前轮前束 (34)结東培35辞36参考文It 37ft要悬架为当今汽车组成必不可少得一部分,他完成让车身与轮胎有效的術接地作用。
麦弗逊悬架钢板弹簧悬架毕业设计
麦弗逊悬架钢板弹簧悬架毕业设计北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺:本人承诺呈交的毕业设计《东风帅客悬架结构设计》是在指导教师的指导下,独立开展研究取得的成果,文中引用他人的观点和材料,均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献,设计使用的数据真实可靠。
本人签名:日期:年月日北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计东风帅客悬架结构设计摘要悬架是现代汽车上的重要组成之一,它的主要作用是传递车轮和车身之间的力和力矩,并且缓和由不平路面传给车身的冲击载荷,衰减由此引起的振动,保证乘员的舒适性,减小货物和车辆本身的动载荷。
本文主要完成东风帅客2021款悬架结构的设计。
设计中首先介绍了乘用车悬架结构的研究现状,对悬架的作用、悬架的分类以及悬架的设计要求进行了概述;然后确定了东风帅客的悬架结构形式为前麦弗逊悬架独立悬架,后钢板弹簧非独立悬架;然后完成悬架各零部件进行参数设计计算和校核。
计算过程先确定东风帅客悬架主要性能参数,包括悬架静挠度、动挠度等;而后进行前后悬架弹性元件设计计算,包括螺旋弹簧、钢板弹簧、减震器等元件基本参数的设计计算以及强度校核;最后对本设计做出结论分析和利用CAD 绘图软件完成麦弗逊悬架和钢板弹簧悬架的装配图和部分零件图的绘制。
关键词:麦弗逊悬架;钢板弹簧悬架;减震器;结构设计北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计The Design of the Suspension Structure of Dongfeng shaicoAbstractSuspension is one of the important components of modern cars.Its main functions are transmitting forces and torques between the wheels andbodies,easing the impact load from the uneven surfaces which delivers to the body, decaying the resulting vibrati on, ensuring the passengers’ comfort and decreasing the dynamic load from both the goods and the vehicles.This paper is mainly about the design of the suspension structure of Dongfeng Succe. First ,it introduces the research status of suspension structure of the passenger cars,and the overview of suspension function, suspension classification and suspension design requirements. Second, it sets the suspension structure type as front MacPherson dependent suspension and rear leaf spring independent suspension. Third, the parameter of every component of suspension is designed and checked. During calculation, the main performance parameters of the suspension , such as, static deflection, dynamic deflection ,etc should be determined . Then the front and rear of suspension elastic components are designed and calculated, including coil spring, leaf spring, shock absorber, those component’s basic parameters design caculation and strength check.Finally, this paper is made to a analysis and summary, and the assemble diagram and parts of spare parts diagram of MacPherson suspension and leaf spring suspension are completed by using CAD software.Keywords: Front MacPherson dependent suspension ; Leaf spring suspension; Shock absorber; Structure design北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计目录1前言 ........................................................................... (1)1.1悬架设计在国内外的发展概况及存在的问题 (1)1.2悬架研究的目的、意义及设计要求 ........................................................................... ............ 2 1.3本设计应解决的主要问题 ........................................................................... ............................ 3 2悬架结构的确定 ........................................................................... . (4)2.1汽车悬架的组成及各部件的作用 ........................................................................... ................ 4 2.2非独立悬架的分类及特点 ........................................................................... ............................ 4 2.2独立悬架的分类及特点 ........................................................................... ................................ 6 2.3前后悬架系统的确定 ........................................................................... (7)2.3.1 前独立悬架结构的确定 ........................................................................... .................... 8 2.3.2 后悬架结构的确定 ........................................................................... . (9)3悬架主要参数的确定 ........................................................................... (10)3.1东风帅客基本参数 ........................................................................... ...................................... 10 3.2悬架主要性能参数的确定 ........................................................................... .. (10)3.2.1 悬架静挠度和动挠度的确定 ........................................................................... .......... 10 3.2.2平顺性参数的确定 ........................................................................... ........................... 13 3.2.3操纵稳定性参数的确定 ........................................................................... ................... 14 3.2.4纵向稳定性参数的确定 ........................................................................... . (16)4悬架弹性元件和减震器的设计计算 ........................................................................... . (18)4.1钢板弹簧主要参数和尺寸的确定 ........................................................................... .. (18)4.1.1 钢板弹簧材料的确定 ........................................................................... ...................... 18 4.1.2钢板弹簧主片长度L的确定 ........................................................................... .......... 20 4.1.3钢板弹簧断面高度及片数的确定 ........................................................................... ... 20 4.1.4自由状态下弧高和曲率半径的确定 ..........................................................................23 4.1.5装配前各片弹簧自由状态下曲率半径的确定 .......................................................... 24 4.1.6钢板弹簧的强度校核 ........................................................................... ....................... 25 4.1.7钢板弹簧卷耳强度核算 ........................................................................... . (26)北京理工大学珠海学院2021届本科生毕业设计4.2麦弗逊悬架螺旋弹簧的设计 ........................................................................... . (27)4.2.1螺旋弹簧材料的确定 ........................................................................... ....................... 27 4.2.2螺旋弹簧直径和刚度的确定 ........................................................................... ........... 27 4.2.3螺旋弹簧其他几何参数的确定 ........................................................................... ....... 29 4.2.4螺旋弹簧稳定性校核 ........................................................................... ....................... 30 4.2.5螺旋弹簧扭转应力的校核 ........................................................................... ............... 30 4.3减震器的设计 ........................................................................... . (31)4.3.1减震器的选择 ........................................................................... ................................... 31 4.3.2双筒式减震器的工作原理 ........................................................................... ............... 31 4.3.3减震器相对阻尼系数的选择 ........................................................................... ........... 32 4.3.4减震器阻尼系数?的确定 ........................................................................... ............... 33 4.3.5最大卸荷力F0的确定 ........................................................................... (34)4.3.6筒式减震器工作缸直径D的确定 ........................................................................... .. 355结论 ........................................................................... . (38)参考文献 ........................................................................... .................................................................... 39 谢辞 ........................................................................... ............................................................................40 附录 ........................................................................... . (41)1麦弗逊悬架装配图 ........................................................................... ......................................... 41 2钢板弹簧悬架装配图 ........................................................................... ..................................... 42 3外文翻译 ........................................................................... .. (43)感谢您的阅读,祝您生活愉快。
轿车悬架设计—麦弗逊独立悬架文献综述
广西科技大学(筹)毕业设计(论文)附录资料课题名称轿车悬架设计—麦弗逊独立悬架学院汽车与交通学院专业交通运输(汽车电子技术与检测诊断)班级交Y091学号 200900207042姓名周文江指导教师陈坤2013年 1月 6 日目录一、英文原文 (3)二、中文翻译 (9)三、方案论证 (14)一、英文翻译Survey of Controllable Suspension System for Off-road Vehicles Abstract:The controllable suspension system can improve the performances of off-road vehicles both on road and cross- country.So far,four controllable suspensions,that is,body height control,active,semi-active and slow-active suspensions,have been developed.For off-road vehicles,the slow-active suspension and the semi-active suspension which have controllable stiffness,damping and body height are more appropriate to use.For many years,some control methodologies for controllable suspension systems have been developed along with the development of modern control theory,and two or more original control method s are integrated as a new control method .Today,for military or civilian off-road vehicles,the R& D of controllable suspension systems is ongoing.Key Words:control theory;survey;controllable suspension;off-road vehicleThe suspension system is an important part of the vehicle,which influences riding comfort and handle-stability greatly.Since the first pair of leaf spring was used in carriage,suspension systems were uncontrollable for a long time and named as passive suspension system.A typical passive suspension system consists of springs,dampers and some control arms,which are once invariable designed.But,the roads for vehicle running are various.For the vehicle’s suspension system,different kinds of roads make different inputs.Thus ,different suspension parameters,such as stiffness,damping and body height,should be designed to minimize the impact from ground and the jounce of body.However,it’s impossible that the traditional vehicles with in variable passive suspension system perform well on multifarious roads.For off-road vehicles,the conflict between changeful roads and changeless suspensions is more projecting than road vehicles.Most of off-road vehicles are still using the passive suspension systems and have higher stiffness,damping and body height to overcome the rough road or cross-country.However,these vehicles show worse riding comfort and handle stability than road vehicles on normal roads.For these reasons,the controllable suspension systems should be the best choice for vehicles,especially for the off-road vehicles.1 Categories of Controllable Suspension SystemThe controllable suspension system is a general reference of the non-passive suspension system,the antonym of passive suspension should be active suspension But,in the suspension control,the active suspension is a special type of controllable suspensions.Today,the controllable suspensions can be divided into four categories according to the controlled objects and structures.They are body height control,active,semi-active and slow-active suspensions.The quarter-vehicle vibration models of these different controllable suspension systems are shown inFig.1.1.1 Body Height Control Suspension SystemThe body height control suspension system is the pioneer of controllable suspension systems.The first body height control suspension system was used in CitrOen DS19 launched in 1955 and made in France.It adopts four controllable air springs and can adjust obviously that the active suspension system improves the body height according to run condition and load to guarantee proper wheel travels[1] .This kind of system is the simplest controllable suspension system,usually found in luxurious buses and pickup trucks.A bus equipped with this system can keep the body height unchanging whether it is empty or full.The body height control suspensions are also designed for the pickup truck’s real suspensions,it can keep the body horizontal,whether it links a trailer or not.The main structural difference between the body height control suspension and the passive suspension is that the former has a height control system additionally,which includes body height sensors,height drives and a controller,as shown in Fig.1(a).It aims at controlling the body height only,though the suspension’s stiffness and damping also change in the control process.The inputs mainly include the speed of vehicle and the distance between body and wheel,which are collected by speed and displacement sensors.The proper body height data shall be calculated based on a certain control strategy by the body height control system and output to the executing mechanism.1.2 Active Suspension SystemThe concept of active suspension was presented early in 1954[2].Thompson,in 1960’s,consummated its basic structure and control law and proved that so-called ful1-active suspension system could improve the performances of vehicle effectively.Since 1980’s,the research achievements on active suspension had been put into use. Some testing vehicles were built[3]. The experiment for these vehicles showed obviously that the active suspension system improves vehicle's performance greatly.The active suspension system consists of sensors,controllers and force actuators,as shown in Fig.1(b)[4]. And,for driving force actuators,an additional power is necessary.It adopts the force actuator to replace the customary spring and absorber.The forceactuators can be controlled to produce appropriate forces to support the body,whenever the vehicle runs in any road.The body and wheel sensors are used to measure the accelerations of the body and wheel and provide these data to the controller.The latter processes these data and outputs some instructions to the force actuator according to predefined control strategy which determines the quality of the active suspension system.Although the active suspension system has been presented for more than fifty years,it hasn’t been largely commercialized yet up to now.Of course,the technical and economic reasons coexist.In technology,today’s active suspension systems can work well in low frequency band but not in high frequency,since the force actuators seems too stiff to control[5].Although some active suspension systems can operate well up to 70 Hz[6],they will consume energy very much[7].One of the methods to reduce the power consumption uses springs and dampers in parallel with the actuators.In addition,it also improves the security of the active suspension system.But,as a negative result,the system response will be decreased.In economy,building and operating an active suspension system costs too much.It fatally limits the active suspension systems to be extended.1.3 Semi-active Suspension SystemThe semi-active suspension system was presented later but applied earlier to the vehicles than active suspension system.The controllable suspension system with adjustable stiffness and damping was introduced in early 1970’s.It almost does not consume energy,since the force actuators which need too much energy are eliminated.So,it is called as semiactive or no power active suspension system.The common semiactive suspension systems only control the damping of suspension actively,and some senior semiactive suspension systems also control the stiffness.In fact,a semi-active suspension system is just a passive suspension system with controllable damping and stiffness,as shown in Fig.1 (c).So ,its performances are still not as good as the active suspension system.A famous control model of the semiactive suspension system was so-called Sky-Hook Damping Control proposed by Karnopp in 1973[8].In this model,a supposed inertial damper,called as Sky-Hook damper,is set between a sprung mass and a virtual fixed Sky-Hook.The force of the Sky-Hook damper proportional to the relative speed of the sprung mass to the Sky-Hook can reduce the jounce of the vehicles.For the Sky-Hook and Sky-Hook damper are both inexistence in real vehicles,an controlled adjustable damper is set to replace the passive damper between the sprung mass and unsprung mass in real Sky-Hook model.Theoretically,the damping force should change continuously and in real-time[9],but it is usually hard to be done in real vehicles.A control model for the semi-active suspension systems with discrete adjustable damping and stiffness was proposed by Margolis in 1975[10].Several dampers or springs are paralleled,thus,if one or more of them are shut off,the damping or stiffness of the suspension system will change discretely.For it is easy to achieve,the Margolis model have been used in so me cars.Some semi-active suspension systems are even added the body height control to improve the vehicle performances.This controllable height semi-active suspension system has been used in some luxurious car and SUV recently.Some of them are named as the active suspension by their manufacturer,but they are still different from the real active suspension.1.4 Slow-active Suspension SystemThe slow-active suspension system is presented later but more remarkably.Its essential structure can be regarded as a series of an active suspension system and a passive suspension system,as shown in Fig.1 (d).As the passive suspension system can isolates high-frequency vibration well,the active suspension system can only isolate low-frequency vibration.The force actuators only work in the low-frequency band,power consumption are reduce evidently.Theoretically,the slow-active suspension system still responds more slowly than the real active suspension system,this is the reason why it is so named[11].Some other names,such as narrow bandwidth active suspension system or limited bandwidth suspension system,are also found.By contrast,the real active suspension system is usually called as full-active suspension system or broad bandwidth active suspension system[12].To improve performances of the slow-active suspension system,the springs and dampers in the system should be controllable.This slow-active suspension system can be regarded as a series of an active suspension and a semi-active suspension.As an unavoidable result,the control system and mechanical structure are more complex.The performances of the slow-active suspension system are almost as goo d as the full-active suspension system,and the power consumption is fairly less.Its prospect will be very wel1.2 Control Methodologies for Controllable Suspension SystemsThe control theories for controllable suspension systems grow along with the development of modem control theory.Recently,the typical control strategies include LQG (linear-quadratic-Gaussian)optimal control,model reference adaptive/self-tuning control,preview control,fuzzy control,neural network control,etc.2.1 LQG Optimal Control Strategy LQGFor the linear vibration model of the active suspension systems,the control attempts to minimize the integrated weight of body vertical acceleration,wheel dynamic load and wheel dynamic travel.The objective function of the control system is quadratic.And the disturbance input from road is a stochastic process that can be deal with as a Gaussian white noise.Thus,the suspension control problem can be regarded as a typical LQG optimal control[13].According to LQG optimal control strategy,the optimal control force Uo can be defined aU。
毕业论文-奇瑞微型汽车悬架系统设计
毕业论文-奇瑞微型汽车悬架系统设计本科生毕业设计(论文)摘要随着汽车工业的发展,人们对汽车乘座舒适性和安全性的要求逐渐提高,因此对汽车悬架系统和减震器也提出了更高的要求。
这次设计的微型汽车的悬架系统是有实际意义的。
本次设计的主要内容是:奇瑞微型汽车的前、后悬架系统的结构设计。
其前后悬架均采用目前比较流行的麦弗逊式独立悬架,减震器为液力双向作用筒式减震器。
本说明书还包括前、后悬架性能和结构特点的介绍,悬架参数的确定,减震器设计及计算过程,螺旋弹簧设计及设计过程,悬架刚度和挠度的计算以及各零部件包括连接处的选择。
并用MATLAB软件编程平顺性的分析,论证了该系统设计方案的正确性和可行性。
在对样车悬架进行平顺性分析中,建立了两自由度的平顺性分析模型,分别绘制车身加速度幅频特性曲线、相对动载幅频特性曲线、弹簧动挠度幅频特性曲线分析了悬架参数对汽车平顺性的影响。
因此,这次设计的悬架系统具有良好的行使平顺性。
关键词:悬架系统;减震器;螺旋弹簧;导向机构;平顺性I本科生毕业设计(论文)AbstractWith the development of the automobile industry, people have been promoting the requirement for the safety and ride comfort of vehicles. As a result there is a big demand on the suspension and the shock absorber system. The design of the mini-car suspension system is a practical sense.The project mainly includes the designs of the front and rear suspension system of the Chery Automobiles. The independent McPherson suspension in common use is adopted in both the front and the rear suspension system. The shock absorber with two-direction hydraulic-cylinder is applied here. This papers introduced the structure characteristics of the front and rear suspension, determined the suspension parameters, designed and calculated the shock absorbers and coil spring, etc. Furthermore, a program for ride performance computation is compiled by using MATLAB software.In the suspension analysis of the sample car, a model with two degree of freedoms is established. Some curves for ride quality analysis are carried out. From the calculated curves, some topics on how the suspension parameters effect on the ride comfort are discussed. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that the current designed suspension system has a good ride performance.Key words: Suspension system; Shock absorber; Coil spring; Guidance mechanism;Ride performanceII本科生毕业设计(论文)目录第1章绪论 ..................................................................... . (1)1.1 悬架简介 ..................................................................... (1)1.2 设计要求: .................................................................... ........................... 2 第2章前、后悬架结构的选择 ..................................................................... . (3)2.1独立悬架结构特点 ..................................................................... (3)2.2独立悬架结构形式分析 ..................................................................... . (3)2.3辅助元件 ..................................................................... ............................... 4 第3章技术参数确定与计算 ..................................................................... .. (5)3.1主要技术参数 ..................................................................... .. (5)3.2悬架性能参数确定 ..................................................................... (5)3.3悬架静挠度 ..................................................................... (6)3.4悬架动挠度 ..................................................................... (6)3.5悬架弹性特性曲线 ..................................................................... ............... 6 第4章弹性元件的设计计算 ..................................................................... .. (7)4.1前悬架弹簧 ..................................................................... (7)4.2后悬架弹簧 ................................................................................................ 8 第5章悬架导向机构的设计 ..................................................................... (10)5.1导向机构设计要求 ..................................................................... . (10)5.2麦弗逊独立悬架示意图 ..................................................................... .. (10)5.3导向机构受力分析 ..................................................................... . (11)5.4横臂轴线布置方式 ..................................................................... . (13)5.5导向机构的布置参数 .............................................. 错误~未定义书签。
前麦弗逊独立悬架毕业毕业设计
1.1悬架的功用
悬架是车架(或承载式车身)与车桥(或车轮)之间弹性连接装置的总称。
(1)传递它们之间一切的力(反力)及其力矩(包括反力矩)。
此次设计是对哈飞路宝7110前独立悬架设计,毕业设计要求根据夏利某改型车的改。总体方案要求,对其前悬架进行设计计算。为了阐述悬架的设计过程,说明书分别从设计计算、仿真分析、优化设计等方面对夏利用麦式悬架的设计过程进行了介绍。说明书首先阐述了悬架中关键零部件如:螺旋弹簧、横向稳定杆、减振器等的设计、选型和校核
悬架结构形式和性能参数的选择合理与否,直接对汽车行驶平顺性、操纵稳定性和舒适性有很大的影响。由此可见悬架系统在现代汽车上是重要的总成之一。
1.2 悬架的组成
现代汽车,特别是乘用车的悬架Fra bibliotek形式,种类,会因不同的公司和设计单位,而有不同形式。
但是,悬架系统一般由弹性元件、
减振器、缓冲块、横向稳定器等几部分组成等,见图1-1所示。
This design is to LuBao hafei before 7110 independent suspension design, the graduation design requirements according to a car to retrofit of the entrant。The overall design of request, to the front suspension design calculation. In order to this suspension design process, the specification separately from the design calculation, the simulation analysis, optimization design with wheat for supporters of suspension design process were introduced in this article. The first elaborated the suspension of the key parts such as: spiral spring, horizontal WenDingGan, shock absorber of such as design, selection and check
汽车独立悬架设计说明书(毕业设计)
独立悬架设计说明书摘要本设计主要讲述了悬架的定义和重要性,描述了悬架的作用和功能主要阐述了独立悬架的类别和构造尤其是详细的介绍了麦弗逊式独立悬架的设计过程,本着满足车辆行使平顺性的原则,设计了麦弗逊式独立悬架的各个组成部件,并对其进行了校核。
如螺旋弹簧的设计和计算,横向稳定杆的设计,对导向机构进行了平顺性分析,横摆臂的长度计算和减震器的设计计算等。
轿车悬架是一个较难达到完美要求的汽车总成,这是因为悬架既要满足汽车的舒适性要求,又要满足其操纵稳定性的要求,而这两方面又是互相对立的。
比如,为了取得良好的舒适性,需要大大缓冲汽车的震动,这样弹簧就要设计得软些,但弹簧软了却容易使汽车发生刹车“点头”、加速“抬头”以及左右侧倾严重的不良倾向,不利于汽车的转向,容易导致汽车操纵不稳定等。
怎样处理好这些方面的关系就摆在了我们设计人员的面前。
因此要是能够设计出使这些方面都能达到一个和谐的悬架对越来越多的汽车使用人员来说将会带来极大的好处。
他们将会体会到优秀悬架带给他们的良好的舒适性,和安全的平顺性。
希望本人的设计能够满足大家的要求。
本设计的图纸主要由计算机绘制完成,计算机编档、排版,打印出图及论文。
还完成了一定量的英文翻译工作。
关键词:麦弗逊式独立悬架悬架汽车悬架AbstractThe main design on the suspension of the definition and importance of a suspension described the role and functions primarily on the type of independent suspension and tectonic particularly detailed introduced Maifuxun independent suspension design process, in the spirit of the exercise smoothly vehicles meet the principles of the design of the independent suspension Maifuxun various components, and the degree of their. If screw spring-loaded design and calculation, horizontal designed to guide agencies conducted smoothly and analytical, Wang squatting length calculation and shock absorber design.Training is a perfect car for the car more difficult to achieve fuel, because it is necessary to meet the suspension of vehicle comfort, but also meet the requirements of the stability of its manipulation, and these two aspects are mutually antagonistic. For example, in order to achieve good sexual comfort, require a significant buffer car shock, which is designed spring-loaded soft farther, but the spring-loaded soft but easy to vehicle braking occurred "nod" and accelerate the "rise" and so serious adverse trends, to the detriment of the vehicle to easily lead to vehicle instability manipulation. How to handle the relationship between these areas before our designers have to face the problem .So if these meet the mission to design a harmonious suspension of a growing number of vehicles involved will bring great benefits. They will understand theiroutstanding suspension to the comfort of a good, and safe smoothly. I hope the design can satisfy all requirements.The design drawings completed mainly by computer mapping, computer archiving, typesetting, printing out maps and papers. Also completed a number of English translation work.Keyword:Maifusun type of independent suspension suspension Motor Training1概述1.1 悬架的定义及其重要性悬架是保证车轮与汽车承载之间具有弹性联系并能传递载荷、缓和冲击、衰减振动以及调节汽车行驶中的车身位置等有关装置的综总称。
前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计毕业论文
前麦弗逊悬架和后多连杆悬架设计毕业论文目录摘要...................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
Abstract .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。
第一章绪论 (1)1.1课设背景及研究意义 (1)1.2国外的研究现状 (1)1.3本文的主要研究容 (3)第二章悬架的结构分析与整体参数设计 (3)2.1悬架系统的简介与分类 (4)2.1.1悬架系统的简介 (4)2.1.2悬架系统的分类 (5)2.2独立悬架的特点 (5)2.3整体参数的设计 (6)2.3.1主要技术指标或主要参数 (6)2.3.2频率的选取与计算 (7)2.3.3悬架系统的静挠度 (7)2.3.4悬架系统的动挠度 (8)2.3.5悬架系统刚度 (8)第三章悬架系统的设计计算 (9)3.1悬架设计的一般要求 (10)3.2减振器选择 (10)3.2.1减震器工作原理 (10)3.2.2阻尼系数的确定 (11)3.2.3最大卸载力 (13)3.2.4减振器的尺寸设计 (14)3.3螺旋弹簧的设计计算 (17)3.4横向稳定杆设计 (21)3.5悬架系统的杆系设计 (24)第四章悬架的三维建模 (25)4.1麦弗逊前悬架的三维建模 (25)4.2后多连杆悬架的三维建模 (28)4.3整车悬架装配图 (31)第五章悬架系统的运动学仿真 (33)5.1基于adams/view的运动仿真 (33)5.2基于adams/car的仿真分析 (34)第六章整车悬架的主动化改造 (42)6.1传统悬架的弊端 (42)6.2电控悬架的优势 (42)6.3电控悬架 (42)6.3.1电控悬架的分类 (42)6.3.2电控悬架系统的组成 (43)6.3.3电控悬架的工作原理 (44)6.4主动化方案 (46)第七章总结与展望 (48)7.1总结 (48)7.2展望 (48)参考文献 (49)致谢.................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
本科毕业设计---麦弗逊式独立前悬架运动学仿真
沈阳理工大学飞度轿车麦弗逊式前悬架运动学仿真专业:车辆工程班级:11020205学号:08姓名:鲁荣贵指导教师:梁继辉摘要2014款广州本田飞度轿车前悬架采用的是麦弗逊式独立悬架,其结构比较简单,制造成本小;安装时占用空间不大,使用上反应快。
适用于中小型轿车、中低端SUV车前悬架。
因此,在广州本田飞度这款车上选用麦弗逊式独立悬架是一个不错的选择。
此次毕业设计基于飞度轿车整车各项参数,针对飞度轿车操纵稳定性,行驶平顺性要求,进行悬架选型与结构的简单设计。
先应用CATIA软件进行建模,再用ADAMS 软件建模仿真,继而对仿真结果进行分析,梳理结论。
本论文首先阐明了课题的意义和研究方法,继而说明了悬架的各大部件与悬架设计要求及悬架的分类,并阐述了悬架各主要部分的设计过程,最后进行建模和仿真分析。
结论表明本毕业设计的麦弗逊式独立前悬架前轮定位参数符合要求。
关键词:本田飞度轿车;CATIA建模;ADAMNS仿真;麦弗逊式独立前悬架AbstractThe 2014 edit of Guangzhou Honda Fit sedan uses McPherson independent suspension as its front suspension because of the reason that McPherson independent suspension structure is simple as well as it has small footprint, fast response and low manufacturing cost. It is suitable for the front suspension of small cars and low-end SUV cars.Therefore, Guangzhou Honda Fit sedan chooses McPherson independent suspension as its front suspension is a reasonable choice.Based on the parameters of Car Fit, The graduation project works out the selection of a simple design and structure of the suspension,which aims at fetching the handling stability and riding comfort requirements.To begin with,the project apply CATIA software for modeling. Then, it use ADAMS software for simulation. Finally it analyzes the results of the simulation as well as carding the conclusion.This paper first clarifies the significance and research methods of this issue , and then describes the classification and the major components as well as the design requirements of the suspension. Also it describes the design process of the major part of the suspension then. finally it figures out the modeling and simulation analysis. The rationality of the McPherson independent suspension design has been confirmed by the final results.Keywords:Honda Fit sedan; CATIA modeling; ADAMNS simulation; McPherson independent front suspension.目录1.绪论 (1)1.1悬架的简单介绍 (1)1.1.1悬架的分类 (1)1.1.2悬架的设计要求 (1)1.2选做麦弗逊独立悬架的依据和意义 (2)1.2.1选题依据 (2)1.2.2选题意义 (3)1.3 国内外研究及发展趋势 (3)1.3.1国内外研究现状 (3)1.3.2发展趋势 (4)1.4应用软件介绍 (5)1.4.1CATIA软件介绍 (5)1.4.2S OLID W ORKS软件介绍 (5)1.4.3ADAMS软件介绍 (6)2.麦弗逊式独立悬架部件设计 (8)2.1 本田飞度轿车参数 (8)2.2悬架结构分析 (8)2.2.1悬架机构等效方法 (8)2.2.2悬架空间几何参数的确定 (9)2.2.3悬架主要性能参数的确定 (11)2.3螺旋弹簧设计 (12)2.3.1弹簧及其材料选择 (12)2.3.2弹簧参数确定 (12)2.3.3弹簧校核 (14)2.4减震器的选型与计算 (15)2.4.1选型 (15)2.4.2选择主要性能参数 (15)2.4.3确定主要尺寸 (16)2.5 横向稳定杆的设计 (16)2.5.1工作原理 (17)2.5.2选择横向稳定杆参数 (17)2.6 弹簧限位缓冲块设计 (18)3.悬架主要部件建模 (19)3.1螺旋弹簧简易建模 (19)3.2减震器简易建模 (20)3.3轮胎简易建模 (21)3.4轮辋简易建模 (23)3.5横向稳定杆建模 (26)3.6下摆臂建模 (28)4.悬架模型的处理 (32)4.1模型的装配 (32)4.2模型文件格式的转化与导入 (32)4.2.1模型由CATIA导入S OLID W ORKS (32)4.2.2模型由S OLID W ORKS导入ADAMS (33)5.悬架模型的仿真 (35)5.1ADAMS中悬架模型的处理 (35)5.1.1模型的简化方法 (35)5.1.2模型构件的命名 (35)5.1.3模型质量的定义 (36)5.2 模型仿真准备 (37)5.2.1运动副的添加 (37)5.2.2运动函数的添加 (37)5.3MARKER点创建 (39)5.4进行仿真 (39)6.悬架模型仿真结果的测量与分析 (41)6.1测量结果 (41)6.2处理结果并分析结论 (44)7.结论 (49)致谢 (50)参考文献 (51)附录A 英文文献原文 (53)附录B 中文文献翻译 (63)1.绪论1.1悬架的简单介绍1.1.1悬架的分类据悬架导向构件的差异可将汽车悬架分为独立悬架和非独立悬架两大类[1],如图1.1所示。
毕业设计-汽车悬架设计
成都航空职业技术学院2015年毕业设计论文题目:汽车多功能转向系统(悬架设计)学生:叶成忠专业:车辆工程班级: 51314班学号: ******指导老师:**目录摘要 .............................................................................................................................................................. - 3 - Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ - 3 - 前言 .............................................................................................................................................................. - 4 - 设计背景:........................................................................................................................................... - 4 - 课题来源及要求:............................................................................................................................... - 4 - 主要内容:........................................................................................................................................... - 5 - 产品展示:........................................................................................................................................... - 5 - 第一章悬架分析选型............................................................................................................................... - 7 -1.1悬架结构方案选择........................................................................................................................ - 7 -1.1.1 设计对象车型参数................................................................................................................... - 7 -1.1.2 独立悬架与非独立悬架结构形式的选择....................................................................... - 8 -1.1.3 悬架具体结构形式的选择............................................................................................... - 8 -1.1.4 弹性原件选择................................................................................................................... - 8 -1.1.5 减振元件选择................................................................................................................... - 8 -1.2传力构件及导向机构.................................................................................................................... - 9 -1.3横向稳定器.................................................................................................................................... - 9 -1.4 下摆臂类型选择......................................................................................................................... - 10 - 第二章悬架主要参数确定....................................................................................................................... - 10 -2.1悬架挠度计算.............................................................................................................................. - 10 -f的计算 .................................................................................................... - 10 -2.1.1悬架静挠度cf计算 ....................................................................................................... - 11 -2.1.2 悬架动挠度d2.1.3 悬架刚度计算................................................................................................................. - 12 - 第三章弹性元件设计............................................................................................................................... - 13 -3.1 螺旋弹簧的刚度......................................................................................................................... - 13 -3.2 计算螺旋弹簧的直径................................................................................................................. - 13 -3.3 螺旋弹簧校核............................................................................................................................. - 14 -3.3.1 螺旋弹簧刚度校核......................................................................................................... - 14 -3.3.2 弹簧表面剪切应力校核................................................................................................. - 14 - 第四章减振器设计................................................................................................................................... - 15 -4.1 减振器结构类型的选择............................................................................................................. - 15 -4.2 减振器参数的设计..................................................................................................................... - 16 -4.2.1 相对阻尼系数ψ............................................................................................................. - 16 -4.2.2 减振器阻尼系数 的确定............................................................................................. - 16 -F的确定 ....................................................................................... - 17 -4.2.3 减振器最大卸荷力4.2.4 减振器工作缸直径D的确定......................................................................................... - 18 -4.3 横向稳定杆的设计..................................................................................................................... - 19 -4.3.1 横向稳定杆的作用......................................................................................................... - 19 -4.3.2 横向稳定杆参数的选择................................................................................................. - 19 - 第五章麦弗逊式独立悬架导向机构设计............................................................................................... - 20 -5.1导向机构的布置参数.................................................................................................................. - 20 -5.1.1麦弗逊式独立悬架的侧倾中心...................................................................................... - 20 -5.2 导向机构受力分析..................................................................................................................... - 21 -5.3 下横臂轴线布置方式的选择..................................................................................................... - 22 -5.4 下横摆臂主要参数..................................................................................................................... - 23 - 第六章论文总结................................................................................................................................... - 24 - 致谢 ............................................................................................................................................................ - 25 - 参考文献..................................................................................................................................................... - 25 -摘要根据对汽车悬架的研究以及资料的查阅,着重阐述了应用于多功能转向电动汽车麦佛逊式独立悬架的设计与计算,在保证电动车能原地旋转以及侧向行驶对悬架的布置进行全新设计,包括汽车悬架类型选择,不同类型悬架的优缺点,和各种类型悬架应用状况等。
麦弗逊悬架的毕业设计
麦弗逊悬架的设计摘要:为了提高汽车行驶的平顺性和稳定性, 本课题进行了产品名称为麦弗逊悬架的设计。
通过对课题内容的分析, 并结合相关设计手册,进行了方案设计与比较, 设计了麦弗逊前悬架, 钢板弹簧后悬架。
在设计中,首先,分析了麦弗逊独立悬架的组成和功用;其次,进行悬架的上各零部件强度的校核;第三,详细考虑各部件之间的连接关系;最后在此基础上进行悬架自然振动频率,悬架静挠度和动挠度以及悬架弹性特性的计算。
在分析麦弗逊悬架的组成和作用以及各零部件的尺寸确定的基础上,再利用CAD软件进行二维制图。
此次的设计进行了准确的计算和详细的结构分析,为麦弗逊悬架的结构优化提供了依据,从而在运动学和动力学方面提高汽车的性能。
关键词:麦弗逊悬架;汽车;设计;1麦弗逊式悬架的设计The design of McPherson suspensionAbstract:In order to improve vehicle ride comfort and stability, the subject of the design of the product name is Mcpherson suspension. Through the analysis of the content of the subject, combining with related design manual, has carried on the design and comparison of design scheme, the Mcpherson front suspension, rear leaf spring suspension. In the design, firstly, analyses the composition and function of Mcpherson independent suspension; secondly, check all parts of the strength suspension; third, with considering the connection relationships between components; finally, on the basis of the natural vibration frequency of the suspension, suspension static and dynamic deflection and elastic characteristics of the suspension calculation. Based on analysis to determine composition and function of the Mcpherson suspension and the size of the various components of the 2D drawing, then using CAD software. This design has carried on the analysis accurate and detailed structure, provides the basis for the structure optimization of Mcpherson suspension, so as to improve the performance of the car in the kinematic and dynamic aspects.Keyword: McPherson suspension; Motor vehicle; Design;2目录1前言................................................ 错误!未定义书签。
普通级轿车前悬架(麦弗逊式)设计毕业论文.doc
摘要悬架是现代汽车上的重要总成之一,它把车架(或车身)与车轴(或轮胎)弹性地连接起来。
它的主要作用是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩,比如支撑力、制动力和驱动力等,并且缓和由不平路面传给车身的冲击载荷、衰减由此引起的振动、保证乘员的舒适性、减小货物和车辆本身的动载荷。
本文完成的是东方之子轿车前悬架设计,重点从东方之子轿车前悬架的选型、减振器的计算及选型、弹性元件形式的选择计算及选型和横向稳定杆的设计计算。
首先,我把形式不同的悬架的优缺点进行了比较,然后定下东方之子轿车前悬架的形式—麦弗逊式悬架,最后围绕麦弗逊式悬架的部件进行设计。
先是弹簧的设计计算,再是减振器的计算选型,最后是横向稳定杆的设计。
关键词:悬架;麦弗逊式;设计AbstractSuspension is an important element of one of the modern automobile, it flexibly to link the chassis (orbody) and axle (or tires) . Its main role is the role of transmission in the bodybetween the wheels and all the power and moment, such as support of, system dynamics anddriving force, and easing the road to the whole body impact load, decay resulting vibration,ensure the comfort of the crew, cargo and vehicles reduce their moving load.The main stress is front suspension design,Training emphasis from the former car models,and models Absorber calculations, flexible choice of components and models and forms ofstabilizer bar design data.First of all, I have a different form of a suspension of the advantages and disadvantagescompared to the previous suspension of the car and then set form Eastar on suspension.Then design around Eastar suspension components. First, the spring-loaded design terms,to be absorber calculation models, a horizontal stabilizer bar final calculation. stabilizer bar.Keyword : Suspension, Macpherson ,Design目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1绪论 (1)1.1课题背景和意义 (1)1.2 悬架的发展历史和现状 (2)1.3 悬架的发展趋势 (4)1.4课题主要内容和研究目的 (5)2悬架结构方案分析 (6)2.1 悬架总成分析 (6)2.2独立悬架优缺点分析 (7)2.3独立悬架特点与分类 (8)2.3.1双横臂式悬架结构及特性分析 (8)2.3.2单横臂式悬架结构及特性分析 (9)2.3.3单纵臂式悬架结构及特性分析 (10)2.3.4单斜臂式悬架结构及特性分析 (11)2.3.5麦弗逊式悬架结构及特性分析 (12)2.1.6扭转梁式悬架结构及特性分析 (13)3麦弗逊式独立悬架设计 (14)3.1麦弗逊式独立悬架设计概述 (14)3.3麦弗逊悬架的结构分析 (15)3.4悬架的弹性特性设计 (16)3.5 悬架挠度fc 的设计 (17)3.5.1悬架静挠度 fc 的设计 (17)3.5.2悬架动挠度fd设计 (18)3.6悬架弹性元件设计 (18)3.6.1螺旋弹簧分析 (18)3.6.2螺旋弹簧的材料及许用应力选择 (19)3.6.3 弹簧参数的计算选择 (20)3.6.4计算空载刚度 (20)3.6.5计算满载刚度 (20)3.6.6按满载计算弹簧钢丝直径 (21)3.6.7螺旋弹簧校核 (21)3.6.8小结 (22)3.7导向机构设计 (23)3.7.1导向机构的设计要求 (23)3.7.2导向机构的布置参数 (24)3.7.3导向机构的受力分析 (27)3.7.4横臂轴线布置方式的选择 (27)3.7.5横摆臂参数对车轮定位参数的影响 (28)3.7.6 导向机构建模 (29)3.8 减振器的设计 (30)3.8.1减振器的简单分类 (30)3.8.2双向筒式液力减振器工作原理 (30)3.8.3相对阻力系数ψ (31)3.8.4减振器阻尼系数δ的确定 (32)3.8.5减振器工作缸直径D的确定 (33)3.8.6小结 (33)3.9横向稳定器 (34)3.10 悬架结构元件 (35)4 前轮定位参数 (37)4.1主销后倾角 (37)4.2主销内倾角 (39)4.3 前轮外倾角 (40)4.4前轮前束 (41)5 麦弗逊悬架其他零件基于CATIA的建模 (43)5.1车轮的建模 (43)5.2车轮轴承建模 (44)5.3转向节建模 (44)5.4 减振器与转向节连接件建模 (45)5.5 车架和横向稳定器联合建模 (45)5.6 麦弗逊悬架建模装配图 (46)6 基于adams的悬架仿真分析 (47)6.1主销内倾角仿真分析 (47)6.2 主销后倾角分析 (47)6.3前轮外倾角分析 (48)6.4 车轮跳动量分析 (49)6.5 前轮前束分析 (49)6.6定位参数与车轮跳动量联合分析 (50)6.7小结 (51)结束语 (52)致谢.................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。
(毕业设计)奇瑞QQ611汽车前后悬架设计说明书
摘要本次设计的奇瑞QQ611汽车前后悬架均采用独立式悬架,前悬架采用麦弗逊式独立悬架的形式,后悬架采用拖曳臂式独立悬架的形式。
根据已经确定的悬架结构形式,布置空间,以及轿车必要的参数进行分析,获得减振器的主要参数,计算减振器主要零件尺寸,设计减振器结构,实现要求的功能。
在匹配分析中,减振器部分的设计计算主要从简化的力学模型入手分析悬架与地面、车身间的位置和受力关系。
通过减振器与车身的匹配关系来定位减振器相关参数的计算方法,从而有针对性的计算出满足QQ611汽车悬架的固有频率、阻尼系数及阻尼比。
在结构设计中,主要从减振器的功能入手,在一切已知数据的指导下,进行科学的理论计算,确定主要部件的尺寸。
针对QQ611汽车的用途及实际情况进行结构改进,以适应使用要求。
在汽车悬架的平顺性分析中,运用Matlab绘制了车身加速度幅频特性曲线,研究它们对减振器参数的影响。
本文所做工作可以为汽车的减振器匹配与结构设计提供一定理论依据,具有一定的实际意义。
关键词:减振器;匹配分析;结构设计;平顺性AbstractThe design of QQ611 Chery automobile and adopt independent suspension, suspension using macpherson suspension in the form of independent suspension, rear suspension using drag arm independent suspension of form. According to the suspension structure has been determined, decorate a space, and cars were a nalyzed, the necessary parameters obtained shock absorber parameters, calculation of main parts size, design, realization of shock absorber structure required functions.In part, the shock absorber in matching the design and calculation of main from simplified mechanical model of suspension and ground, between the body and the relationship between stress position. Through the matching relation with body shock absorber to locate related parameters calculation method, which is calculated QQ611 satisfy the natural frequency of the automobile suspension, damping coefficient and the damping ratio.In structural design, mainly from the function of shock absorber, in all known data, under the guidance of the scientific theoretical calculation, determine the size of the main parts. QQ611 according to actual situation and the use of automobile structure to adapt to the requirements of operation.In the automobile suspension smooth analysis, using Matlab painted bodywork acceleration curves, the amplitude frequency characteristics of damper parameters are studied.This can work for the automotive shock absorber and provide certain theoretical basis for structure design, has certain practical significance.Key words:shock absorber;matching analysis;structure design;ride comfort目录第1章绪论 (1)1.1 减振器结构设计的意义 (1)1.2 悬架的重要性 (1)第2章悬架的方案论证 (2)2.1 汽车悬架及减振器的性能要求 (2)2.2 悬架结构形式分析 (2)2.2.1 悬架的分类及特点 (2)2.2.2 悬架结构形式的方案论证 (3)2.3 悬架弹性元件及减振器的特性 (5)2.3.1 悬架弹性元件的特性 (5)2.3.2 减振器的特性 (5)第3章减振器的结构设计 (7)3.1 QQ611汽车相关参数 (7)3.2 减振器与悬架系统的匹配分析 (7)3.2.1 平顺性的概念 (7)3.2.2 结构参数对平顺性的影响 (8)3.2.3 使用因素对平顺性的影响 (8)3.2.4 阻尼比的选取 (9)3.2.5 前悬架减振器的匹配分析 (9)3.2.6 后悬架减振器的匹配分析 (11)3.3 减振器受力分析 (12)3.3.1 前减振器的受力分析 (12)3.3.2 后减振器的受力分析 (14)3.4 减振器主要尺寸选择 (14)3.4.1 前减振器的主要尺寸选择 (14)3.4.2 后减振器的主要尺寸选择 (18)3.5 减振器的结构设计 (21)3.5.1 减振器的主要结构形式及工作原理 (21)3.5.2 活塞阀系的设计 (22)3.5.3 底阀系的设计 (24)3.6 主要零件材质的选择 (26)3.6.1 活塞杆材质的选择 (26)3.6.2 工作缸和储油缸材质的选择 (26)3.6.3 阀片和口片材质的选择 (26)第4章工艺过程设计 (27)4.1 活塞杆的工艺过程设计 (27)4.2 顶盖的加工方法 (28)4.3 储油缸的加工方法 (29)4.4 工作缸的加工方法 (29)第5章结论 (30)参考文献 (31)致谢 (33)附录I (34)附录II (36)第1章绪论1.1减振器结构设计的意义汽车在现代社会中已逐渐成为了人们生存发展必不可少的交通工具。
麦弗逊式独立悬架毕业设计【带图纸】[管理资料]
前言悬架是现代汽车的重要组成部分之一。
虽然并非汽车在行进必不可少的装备,但如果没有悬架,将极大的影响汽车的操纵稳定性和平顺性。
悬架对整车性能有着重要的影响。
在汽车市场竞争日益加剧的今天,人们对汽车的性能的认识更多的靠更为直接的感观感受,而非他们不太懂得的专业术语。
因此,对汽车操纵稳定性﹑平顺性的提升成为了各大汽车厂商的共识。
与此关系密切的悬架系统也被不断改进,主动半主动悬架等具有反馈的电控系统在高端车辆上的应用日趋广泛。
无论定位高端市场,还是普通家庭的经济型轿车,没有哪个厂家敢忽视悬架系统及其在整车中的作用。
这一切,都是因为悬架系统对乘员的主观感受密切联系。
悬架系统的优劣,乘员在车上可以马上感受到。
“木桶理论”,很多人都知道,整车就好比是个“大木桶”,悬架是它的一片木板。
虽然,没有悬架的汽车还是可以跑动的,但是坐在上面是很不舒服的。
坐过农用车货厢的人,对此应该是颇有些体会的,即便是较好的路况,在上面也是颠来颠去的。
因为它的悬架很简单,对平顺性和操纵稳定性考虑的很少。
只有当悬架这块木板得到足够重视,才能使整车性能得以提升。
否则,只能是句空话。
正因为悬架在现代汽车上的重要重要作用,应该重视汽车悬架的设计。
只有认真,严谨的设计才能确保其与整车的完美匹配。
而要做到这一点,就必须,查阅大量相关书籍,图册,行业和国家标准。
这些是对我们这些将来要从事汽车设计,制造工作的工科出身的大学毕业生的必须经历的一个必不可少的训练。
没有经过严格的训练的洗礼,是不可能具备这种专业精神和素质的。
目录前言 (1)第一章悬架的功用 (3)第二章悬架系统的组成 (6)第三章悬架的类型及特点 (7)§ (8)§ (10)第四章匹配车型的选择 (13)第五章悬架主要参数的确定 (15)§f.......................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
桑塔纳2000前麦弗逊独立悬架毕业设计 (1)
减振器结构类型的选择减振器的功能是吸收悬架垂直振动的能量,并转化为热能耗散掉,使振动迅速衰减。
汽车悬架系统中广泛采用液力式减震器。
其作用原理是,当车架与车桥作往复相对运动时,减震器中的活塞在缸筒内业作往复运动,于是减震器壳体内的油液反复地从一个內腔通过另一些狭小的孔隙流入另一个內腔。
此时,孔与油液见的摩擦力及液体分子内摩擦便行程对振动的阻尼力,使车身和车架的振动能量转换为热能,被油液所吸收,然后散到大气中。
减振器大体上可以分为两大类,即摩擦式减振器和液力减振器。
故名思义,摩擦式减振器利用两个紧压在一起的盘片之间相对运动时的摩擦力提供阻尼。
由于库仑摩擦力随相对运动速度的提高而减小,并且很易受油、水等的影响,无法满足平顺性的要求,因此虽然具有质量小、造价低、易调整等优点,但现代汽车上已不再采用这类减振器。
液力减振器首次出现于1901年,其两种主要的结构型式分别为摇臂式和筒式。
与筒式液力减减振器振器相比,摇臂式减振器的活塞行程要短得多,因此其工作油压可高达75-30MPa,而筒式只有2.5-5MPa。
筒式减振器的质量仅为摆臂式的约1/2,并且制造方便,工作寿命长,因而现代汽车几乎都采用筒式减振器。
筒式减振器最常用的三种结构型式包括:双筒式、单筒充气式和双筒充气式。
双筒式液力减振器双筒式液力减振器双筒式液力减振器的工作原理如图9所示。
其中A为工作腔,C为补偿腔,两腔之间通过阀系连通,当汽车车轮上下跳动时,带动活塞1在工作腔A中上下移动,迫使减振器液流过相应阀体上的阻尼孔,将动能转变为热能耗散掉。
车轮向上跳动即悬架压缩时,活塞1向下运动,油液通过阀Ⅱ进入工作腔上腔,但是由于活塞杆9占据了一部分体积,必须有部分油液流经阀Ⅳ进入补偿腔C;当车轮向下跳动即悬架伸张时,活塞1向上运动,工作腔A中的压力升高,油液经阀Ⅰ流入下腔,提供大部分伸张阻尼力,还有一部分油液经过活塞杆与导向座间的缝隙由回流孔6进人补偿腔,同样由于活塞杆所占据的体积,当活塞向上运动时,必定有部分油液经阀Ⅲ流入工作腔下腔。
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摘要悬架是现代汽车上的重要总成之一,它最主要的功能是传递作用在车轮和车架(或车身)之间的一切力和力矩,并缓和汽车驶过不平路面时所产生的冲击,衰减由此引起的承载系统的振动,以保证汽车的行驶平顺性。
为了迅速衰减不必要的振动,悬架中还必须包括阻尼元件,即减振器。
此外,悬架中确保车轮与车架或车身之间所有力和力矩可靠传递并决定车轮相对于车架或车身的位移特性的连接装置统称为导向机构。
此次设计是对哈飞路宝7110前独立悬架设计,毕业设计要求根据夏利某改型车的改。
总体方案要求,对其前悬架进行设计计算。
为了阐述悬架的设计过程,说明书分别从设计计算、仿真分析、优化设计等方面对夏利用麦式悬架的设计过程进行了介绍。
说明书首先阐述了悬架中关键零部件如:螺旋弹簧、横向稳定杆、减振器等的设计、选型和校核关键词:麦弗逊独立悬架;导向机构;减震器;弹簧;横向稳定器ABSTRACTSuspension is the modern car on the important assembly, which has one of the main function is to transfer function in the wheels and frame (or body) all between the force and moment, and ease when rough road surface cars driving by the impact of attenuation arising from the vibration of the bearing system, to ensure the smooth running of the car. So must the wheel and frame or body to provide flexible connection between, rely on the elastic element to deliver the wheel or axle and frame or between vertical load of the body, and depend on the deformation to absorb energy, to achieve the purpose of the buffer.This design is to LuBao hafei before 7110 independent suspension design, the graduation design requirements according to a car to retrofit of the entrant 。
The overall design of request, to the front suspension design calculation. In order to this suspension design process, the specification separately from the design calculation, the simulation analysis, optimization design with wheat for supporters of suspension design process were introduced in this article. The first elaborated the suspension of the key parts such as: spiral spring, horizontal WenDingGan, shock absorber of such as design, selection and checkKeywords: paper independent suspension; Steering mechanism; Shock absorber;Spring;Transverse stabilizer目录摘要 (Ⅰ)Abstract (Ⅱ)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 悬架的功用 (1)1.2 悬架的组成 (1)1.3 悬架的分类 (2)1.3.1 独立悬架21.3.2 麦弗逊悬架41.3.3 非独立悬架41.4 悬架的国内外发展情况 (5)第2章悬架分析设计 (7)2.1 悬架结构方案分析 (7)2.1.1 独立悬架与独立悬架结构形式的选择72.1.2 悬架具体结构形式的选择72.2 弹性元件 (7)2.3 减震元件 (7)2.4 传力构件及导向机构 (8)2.5 横向稳定器 (8)第3章悬架主要参数的确实 (10)3.1悬架的空间几何参数 (11)3.2 悬架的弹性特性和工作行程 (11)3.2.1 悬架频率的选择113.2.2 悬架的工作行程113.2.3 悬架刚度的计算12第4章悬架主要零部件的设计 (13)4.1 螺旋弹簧的设计计算 (13)4.1.1 螺旋弹簧的刚度134.2 弹簧的受力及变形 (13)4.2.1 弹簧几何参数的计算154.2.2 弹簧的校核174.3 减震器结构类型的选择 (18)4.3.1 减震器参数的设计214.4 横向稳定杆的设计 (25)4.4.1 横向稳定杆的作用254.4.2 横向稳定杆参数的选择25第5章麦弗逊独立悬架catia建模265.1麦弗逊独立悬架零部件的设计 (26)5.2 对悬架系统总装设计 (26)5.3 麦弗逊悬架的整体安装 (27)结论 (28)致谢 (29)参考文献 (30)第1章绪论1.1悬架的功用悬架是车架(或承载式车身)与车桥(或车轮)之间弹性连接装置的总称。
(1) 传递它们之间一切的力(反力)及其力矩(包括反力矩)。
(2)缓和,抑制由于不平路面所引起的振动和冲击,以保证汽车良好的平顺性,操纵稳定性。
(3)迅速衰减车身和车桥的振动。
悬架系统的在汽车上所起到的这几个功用是紧密相连的。
要想迅速的衰减振动、冲击,乘坐舒服,就应该降低悬架刚度。
但这样,又会降低整车的操纵稳定性。
必须找到一个平衡点,即保证操纵稳定性的优良,又能具备较好的平顺性。
悬架结构形式和性能参数的选择合理与否,直接对汽车行驶平顺性、操纵稳定性和舒适性有很大的影响。
由此可见悬架系统在现代汽车上是重要的总成之一。
1.2 悬架的组成现代汽车,特别是乘用车的悬架,形式,种类,会因不同的公司和设计单位,而有不同形式。
但是,悬架系统一般由弹性元件、减振器、缓冲块、横向稳定器等几部分组成等,见图1-1所示。
它们分别起到缓冲、减振、力的传递、限位和控制车辆侧倾角度的作用。
图1-1 汽车悬架组成示意图1-弹性元件 2-纵向推力杆 3-减震器 4-横向稳定器 5-横向推力杆弹性元件又有钢板弹簧、空气弹簧、螺旋弹簧以及扭杆弹簧等形式,现代轿车悬架多采用螺旋弹簧,个别高级轿车则使用空气弹簧。
螺旋弹簧只承受垂直载荷,缓和及抑制不平路面对车体的冲击,具有占用空间小,质量小,无需润滑的优点,但由于本身没有摩擦而没有减振作用。
这里我们选用螺旋弹簧。
减振器是为了加速衰减由于弹性系统引起的振动,减振器有筒式减振器,阻力可调式新式减振器,充气式减振器。
它是悬架机构中最精密和复杂的机械件。
导向机构用来传递车轮与车身间的力和力矩,同时保持车轮按一定运动轨迹相对车身跳动,通常导向机构由控制摆臂式杆件组成。
种类有单杆式或多连杆式的。
钢板弹簧作为弹性元件时,可不另设导向机构,它本身兼起导向作用。
有些轿车和客车上,为防止车身在转向等情况下发生过大的横向倾斜,在悬架系统中加设横向稳定杆,目的是提高横向刚度,使汽车具有不足转向特性,改善汽车的操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性。
现代汽车悬架的发展十分快,不断出现,崭新的悬架装置。
按控制形式不同分为被动式悬架和主动式悬架。
目前多数汽车上都采用被动悬架,也就是说汽车姿态(状态)只能被动地取决于路面及行驶状况和汽车的弹性元件,导向机构以及减振器这些机械零件。
1.3悬架的分类汽车的悬架从大的方面来看,可以分为两类:非独立悬架系统,如图1-2所示。
图1-2 独立悬架1.3.1独立悬架独立悬架是两侧车轮分别独立地与车架(或车身)弹性地连接,当一侧车轮受冲击,其运动不直接影响到另一侧车轮,独立悬架所采用的车桥是断开式的。
这样使得发动机可放低安装,有利于降低汽车重心,并使结构紧凑。
独立悬架允许前轮有大的跳动空间,有利于转向,便于选择软的弹簧元件使平顺性得到改善。
同时独立悬架非簧载质量小,可提高汽车车轮的附着性。
独立悬架的类型及特点:独立悬架的车轴分成两段(如图1-3),每只车轮用螺旋弹簧独立地,地连接安装在车架(或车身)下面,当一侧车轮受冲击,其运动不直接影响到另一侧车轮,独立悬架所采用的车桥是断开式的。
图1-3独立悬架的运动现在,前悬架基本上都采用独立悬架系统,最常见的有双横滑柱臂式(又称麦弗逊式)。
(1)双横臂式(图1-4)。
图1-4 双横臂式独立前悬架工作原理:由上短下长两根横臂连接车轮与车身,通过选择比例合适的长度,可使车轮和主销的角度及轮距变化不大这种独立悬架被广泛应用在轿车前轮上。
双横臂的臂有做成A字形或V 字形,V形臂的上下2个V形摆臂以一定的距离,分别安装在车轮上,另一端安装在车架上。
优点:结构比较复杂,但经久耐用,同时减振器的负荷小,寿命长。
可以承载较大负荷,多用于轻型﹑小型货车的前桥。
缺点:因为有两个摆臂,所以占用的空间比较大。
所以,乘用车的前悬架一般不用此种结构形式。
(2)麦弗逊式(图1-5)图1-5 麦弗逊式独立前悬架工作原理:这种悬架目前在轿车中采用很多。
这种悬架将减振器作为引车轮跳动的滑柱,螺旋弹簧与其装于一体。
这种悬架将双横臂上臂去掉并以橡胶做支承,允许滑柱上端作少许角位移。
内侧空间大,有利于发动机布置,并降低车子的重心。
车轮上下运动时,主销轴线的角度会有变化,这是因为减振器端支点横摆臂摆动。
以上问题可通过调整杆系设计布置合理得到解决。
麦弗逊独立悬架的特点:优点:技术成熟,结构紧凑,响应速度快,占用空间少,便于装车及整车布局,多用于中低档乘用车的前桥。
缺点:由于结构过于简单,刚度小,稳定性较差,转弯侧倾明显,必须加装横向稳定器,加强刚度。
1.3.2非独立悬架非独立悬架如图1-6所示。
其特点是两侧车轮安装于一整体式车桥上,当一侧车轮受冲击力时会直接影响到另一侧车轮上,当车轮上下跳动时定位参数变化小。
若采用钢板弹簧作弹性元件,它可兼起导向作用,使结构大为简化,降低成本。
目前广泛应用于货车和大客车上,有些轿车后悬架也有采用的。
非独立悬架由于非簧载质量比较大,高速行驶时悬架受到冲击载荷比较大,平顺性较差。