Problem_Solving问题处理方法
ProblemSolving问题处理方法推荐文档
4. 跟踪对策、维持效果
– 聚焦在少数关键对策
– 确定责任人和附加的资源 – 到现场测定结果
8
During this workshop, you will apply the Problem Solving Process to several cases including your own KPI or WIG “miss”
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Symptom/Problem/Causes Relationship – Tree Concept
症状、问题、原因之间关系－分析树
Symptoms 症状
Symptoms 症状: result or outcome of the
problem (Obvious) 问题的结果（明显的）
Fever 发烧
将主要产品增加一个ＫＢ。
? 计划员：这个要研究一下。没这么容易，至少需要几周时
间。
? 客户跟单员 : 那就尽快吧.
? ．．．
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什么是真正的问题？
我们认识“问题”基于我们的感觉
我们目睹所发生的事
? 我们的工作职能引导我们定义问题基于我们的
责任
? 我们时常将真实问题与问题的现象和问题的原
因混淆
– Toyota call back –日本 3.11 地震，核泄漏
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什么是解决问题？
它是你在不知道做什么时要做的事情.
Problem Solving provides an opportunity for “discovery” and “continuous improvement”
13
Problem Solving Applications
维持性问题
Caused problem
遇到问题如何解决问题英语作文
遇到问题如何解决问题英语作文Problem-solving Skills: The Key to Overcoming Challenges.In life, we encounter various problems and challenges that require us to think critically and act decisively. Problem-solving skills are crucial for success in both personal and professional contexts. This essay explores the importance of problem-solving skills, the steps involved in the problem-solving process, and strategies to enhance these skills.The ability to solve problems is a fundamental skill that sets apart successful individuals from the rest. It involves identifying issues, analyzing their root causes, generating solutions, and implementing effective action plans. Problem-solving skills are not innate; they can be developed and honed through practice and experience.The problem-solving process typically follows astructured approach. The first step is to identify the problem accurately. This involves understanding the nature of the issue, its impact, and the stakeholders involved. Once the problem is clearly defined, it is easier to focus on finding solutions.The next step is to analyze the problem and its underlying causes. This involves gathering relevant information, identifying patterns and trends, and considering various factors that could have contributed to the issue. It is essential to approach the analysis with an open mind and consider all possible explanations, even if they seem improbable at first.After analyzing the problem, it is time to generate solutions. This phase requires creativity and innovation. It is essential to brainstorm ideas and consideralternative solutions, even if they seem unconventional or unconventional. It is also important to involve others in the process, as they may have valuable insights and perspectives that can contribute to finding better solutions.Once potential solutions are identified, it is crucial to evaluate them and select the most viable option. This involves assessing the feasibility, cost-effectivenesss, and potential impact of each solution. It is essential to consider both short-term and long-term effects and choose a solution that offers the best overall outcome.Implementation is the final step in the problem-solving process. This involves developing an action plan, assigning responsibilities, and monitoring progress. It is essential to communicate clearly with team members and stakeholders, ensuring that everyone understands their role and responsibilities. Regular monitoring and evaluation of progress are also crucial to ensure that the solution is effective and requires any necessary adjustments.To enhance problem-solving skills, individuals can adopt several strategies. Firstly, they can practice problem-solving regularly by engaging in activities that require critical thinking and decision-making. This could include solving puzzles, participating in debates, orworking on complex projects.Secondly, individuals can seek feedback and learn from their mistakes. Reflection and self-assessment are crucial for identifying areas for improvement. By analyzing their problem-solving processes and outcomes, individuals can gain insights into their strengths and weaknesses and develop strategies to address them.Thirdly, individuals can seek help and collaborate with others. Seeking advice and opinions from experts or peers can provide valuable insights and perspectives that can enhance problem-solving abilities. Collaboration can also foster creativity and innovation by bringing together different ideas and perspectives.In conclusion, problem-solving skills are essential for success in various aspects of life. By following a structured approach, individuals can effectively identify, analyze, and solve problems. Regular practice, seeking feedback, and collaborating with others can helpindividuals develop and hone these skills, enabling them to overcome challenges and achieve their goals.。
8D解决问题方法培训
8D 问题解决方法（8D Problem Solving）质量是一组固有特性满足需求的程度– 全面质量管理（Total Quality Management）质量是免费的，他不是礼品，但它是免费的– 克劳士比质量无需惊人之举– 戴明质量并非意味着最佳，而是客户使用和售价的最佳– 費根堡姆20世纪是生产率的世纪，21世纪是质量的世纪– 朱兰质量是生产出来的不是检验出来的– 威廉戴明解决问题的方法很多，没有最好，只有最适用。
日产V-FASTPDCA循环是美国质量管理专家沃特·阿曼德·休哈特（Walter A. Shewhart）首先提出的，由戴明（ W．Edwards．Deming ）采纳、宣传，获得普及，所以又称戴明环。
全面质量管理的思想基础和方法依据就是PDCA循环。
PDCA循环的含义是将质量管理分为四个阶段，即Plan（计划）、Do（执行）、Check（检查）和 Act（处理）。
1、计划阶段。
要通过市场调查、用户访问等，摸清用户对产品质量的要求，确定质量政策、质量目标和质量计划等。
包括现状调查、分析、确定要因、制定计划。
2、设计和执行阶段。
实施上一阶段所规定的内容。
根据质量标准进行产品设计、试制、试验及计划执行前的人员培训。
3、检查阶段。
主要是在计划执行过程之中或执行之后，检查执行情况，看是否符合计划的预期结果效果。
4、处理阶段。
主要是根据检查结果，采取相应的措施。
巩固成绩，把成功的经验尽可能纳入标准，进行标准化，遗留问题则转入下一个PDCA循环去解决。
8D遵循PDCA原则，一种问题解决的方法，通常针对未知原因的问题。
8D（8D Problem Solving）8D又称团队导向问题解决方法、8D问题求解法（8D Problem Solving Report）是福特公司处理问题的一种方法，亦适用于制程能力指数低於其应有值时有关问题的解决，它提供了一套符合逻辑的解决问题的方法，同时对于统计制程管制与实际的品质提升架起了一座桥梁。
Problem_Solving问题处理方法
Exercise 1
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HOW HOW Much When WHO
PD Critical Thinking Process
Action Plan
RCCM
角色扮演：我们公司发生过这样的事情吗？
•
Sales: Our Sales numbers are low. Our sales team is losing business to our competitor. They have a much more advantaged product. 销售：我们的销售额下降了。由于竞争对手上市了更优质的产品，抢走了我们的业务 Product Development: Yes, I know, I‟ve received at least 3 calls this month from sales reps who are losing business to the competition. 研发：知道了。关于此事，这个月销售代表已经来过3个电话了 Sales: We need to do something about this. Can we develop a faster, cheaper product? 销售：需要采取行动。我们能够研发出成本更低、生产更快的产品吗？ Product Development: Hold on now, let me do a bit of research to verify if their product actually is faster and cheaper than ours. I‟ll get one of their units and have our team of engineers test it. This is no easy task, it will take about a month. 研发：采取行动前，我得调查一下他们的产品确实比我们的产品更便宜、更好。先让工程师测试竞 争对手的产品。该项测试有一定难度，需要一个月才能出结果 Sales: If we get a faster, cheaper product, our sales will increase drastically. 销售：如果有成本更低、生产更快的产品，我们的销售额将迅速增长
8D报告 8 Disciplines
8D报告8D又称团队导向问题解决方法、8D问题求解法（8D Problem Solving）是福特公司处理问题的一种方法,亦适用于制程能力指数低於其应有值时有关问题的解决,它提供了一套符合逻辑的解决问题的方法,同时对於统计制程管制与实际的品质提升架起了一座桥梁。
目录简介问题解决8步法8D适用范围8D工作方法的8个步骤简介问题解决8步法8D适用范围8D工作方法的8个步骤展开编辑本段简介8D最早是美国福特公司使用的经典质量问题分析手法。
二战期间，美国政府率先采用一种类似8D的流程——“军事标准1520”，又称之为“不合格品的修正行动及部署系统”。
1987年，福特汽车公司首次用书面记录下8D法，在其一份课程手册中这一方法被命名为“团队导向的问题解决法”（Team Oriented Problem Solving）。
当时，福特的动力系统部门正被一些经年累月、反复出现的生产问题搞得焦头烂额，因此其管理层提请福特集团提供指导课程，帮助解决难题。
编辑本段问题解决8步法8D（8 Disciplines）问题解决8步法8D的原名叫做8 Disciplines，意思是8个人人皆知解决问题的固定步骤。
原始是由Ford公司，全球化品质管制及改善的特殊必备方法，之后已成为QS9000/ISO TS16949、福特公司的特殊要求。
凡是做FORD的零件，必须采用8D 作为品质改善的工具，目前有些企业并非 FORD 的供应商或汽车业的合作伙伴，也很喜欢用这个方便而有效的方法解决品质问题，成为一个固定而有共识的标准化问题解决步骤。
Discipline 1. 成立改善小组(Form the Team)：由议题之相关人员组成，通常是跨功能性的，说明团队成员间的彼此分工方式或担任的责任与角色。
Discipline 2. 描述问题(Describe the Problem)：将问题尽可能量化而清楚地表达，并能解决中长期的问题而不是只有眼前的问题。
项目管理中冲突的六种解决方法
项目管理中冲突的六种解决方法解决项目冲突的主要责任在于项目经理，项目经理可以使用以下六种方法来解决冲突：面对/解决问题（confronting/problem solving）：通过审查备选方案，把冲突当作需要解决的问题来处理；需要以“取舍”的态度进行公开对话。
问题解决就是冲突各方一起积极地定义问题、收集问题的信息、制定解决方案，最后直到选择一个最合适的方案来解决冲突，此时为双赢或多赢。
但在这个过程中，需要公开地协商，这是冲突管理中最理想的一种方法。
合作（collaborating）：综合考虑不同的观点和意见，引导各方达成一致意见并加以遵守；集合多方的观点和意见，得出一个多数人接受和承诺的冲突解决方案。
妥协（compromising）：寻找能让所有当事人都在一定程度上满意的方案；妥协就是冲突的各方协商并且寻找一种能够使冲突各方都有一定程度满意、但冲突各方没有任何一方完全满意、是一种都做一些让步的冲突解决方法。
这是一种“双输”的方法。
缓解/包容（smoothing/accommodating）：强调一致而非差异，可简记为求同存异；求同存异的方法就是冲突各方都关注他们一致的一面，而淡化不一致的一面。
一般求同存异要求保持一种友好的气氛，但是回避了解决冲突的根源。
也就是让大家都冷静下来，先把工作做完。
撤退/回避（withdrawing/avoiding）：撤退就是把眼前的或潜在的冲突搁置起来，从实际或潜在冲突中退出。
强迫（forcing）：以牺牲其他方为代价，推行某一方的观点；只提供赢—输方案。
强制就是以牺牲其他各方的观点为代价，强制采纳一方的观点。
一般只适用于赢一输这样的零和游戏情景里。
PMPBOK认为这是最差的一种冲突解决方法，但某些场景下却又不得不使用该方法以解决问题并推动项目进展。
在不同项目场景下，面对不同的冲突应该使用不同的解决方法。
而对冲突方法的判定，既要考虑冲突解决的结果，也要考虑冲突解决的过程。
8D解决问题方法(8D Problem Solving-presentation)
Learning Objectives学习目的
•Participants will have a detailed understanding of the generic “8D” problem solving process.（参与者必须理解8d工作法）
of a problem.（参与者必须是富有经验的）
8DProblem Solving
Detection Cycle
8D Problem Solving
8D Analysis
Root Cause
Prevention Cycle
Cause Priority Table
DFMEA PFMEA
Potential Cause
•Participants will have learned to carry out an “8D” process using an actual problem at their company.（在公司里参与者要必须真实的执行8d工作法）
• Participants will have an understanding of how to use a cause and effect diagram to determine potential root cause.（参与者必须使用因果图表来找出潜在的根本原因）
Types of Problem Situations (2)
All problems fall into one of these two categories. How you identify the root may depend on the type of problem situation you have. A comparative analysis m not be done for a never – been – there situation.
面对问题如何正确解决英语作文
How to Effectively Tackle Problems: A Guideto Problem-SolvingIn the realm of life, we are constantly confronted with various problems, ranging from minor annoyances to significant challenges. It is our response to these problems that defines our character and shapes our destiny. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective problem-solving skills. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive guide to problem-solving, focusing on the key steps and strategies necessary for addressing issues effectively.The first step in problem-solving is to identify the problem accurately. It is essential to have a clear understanding of the issue at hand. This involves analyzing the situation, identifying the root cause, and defining the specific problem. Avoiding a vague or unclear understanding of the problem can lead to inefficient and ineffective solutions.Once the problem is clearly identified, the next stepis to brainstorm potential solutions. This involvesthinking creatively and generating multiple options. It is important to approach the problem from different angles andconsider various perspectives. This step fosters creativity and encourages the exploration of innovative solutions.After generating potential solutions, it is crucial to evaluate and prioritize them. Consider the feasibility, practicality, cost-effectiveness, and long-term impact of each solution. This evaluation process helps in narrowing down the options and selecting the most suitable solution for the problem.The next step is to implement the chosen solution. This involves taking concrete steps to address the problem. It is essential to have a clear action plan and allocate resources accordingly. Additionally, it is important to communicate effectively with stakeholders and involve them in the solution implementation process.Finally, it is crucial to monitor and evaluate the results of the implemented solution. This involves tracking progress, assessing the effectiveness of the solution, and making necessary adjustments. If the solution does notyield desired results, it is important to go back to the brainstorming stage and consider alternative solutions.In conclusion, effective problem-solving requires a structured approach and a commitment to continuous improvement. By following the steps outlined in this guide, we can tackle problems more efficiently and effectively, leading to better outcomes and personal growth.**如何有效解决问题：问题解决的指南**在人生的道路上，我们不断地遇到各种各样的问题，从微小的烦恼到重大的挑战。
Kemet_probem solving 7 steps
Evaluate Outcome 评估结果
Identify Problem 确认问题
Implement Solution 实施对策
7 6 5 4
1 2 3
Analyze Problem 分析问题
Plan Action 计划行动 Develop Solutions 寻求对策
成长是 “无限的”
personnel growth has a limit
员工数量的增长是 有限的
Work smarter, not harder! 更聪明而非更辛苦的工 作!
What is 7 ?什么是七步法
• • •
•
七步法 Is a systematic 7-step method for finding & implementing solutions to problems.
2 3
Develop Solutions 寻求对策
What is a Problem? 什么是问题?
The difference between a desired, expected or normal situation and what is actually happening
实际发生的与所预期的、期待的或常规情况间的差距
(从办公室采购到制造业的软件设计)
Some problems can take days to solve, others may take months.
有些问题几天可以解决，有些则需几个月
The principles remain the same.
原则是相同的
Time时间
处理问题的办法英语作文
处理问题的办法英语作文Problem-solving is an essential skill that can be applied in various aspects of life. Whether it is a personal issue, a work-related challenge, or a global crisis, having effective problem-solving methods can greatly assist in finding solutions. In this essay, I will discuss several problem-solving methods and their applications.One commonly used problem-solving method is the 5-Step Approach. This method involves five key steps: identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, generating potential solutions, evaluating the solutions, and implementing the best solution.The first step, identifying the problem, requires a clear understanding of what the problem entails. It is important to define the problem in a specific and concise manner. For example, if the problem is a decline in sales for a company,it is crucial to identify the exact factors contributing to this decline.After identifying the problem, the second step is analyzing it. This involves gathering relevant data and information to gain a deeper understanding of the problem. It may require conducting research, analyzing trends, and examining the root causes of the problem.Once the problem has been analyzed, the third step is generating potential solutions. This step involves brainstorming different ideas and strategies that could potentially address the problem. It is important to encourage creativity and consider various alternatives.After generating potential solutions, the next step is evaluating them. This involves assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Factors such as feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and potential outcomes should be considered during the evaluation process. It may be helpfulto create a pros and cons list for each solution tofacilitate the evaluation.Finally, the last step is implementing the best solution. This involves putting the chosen solution into action. It is important to create a detailed plan of action, assign responsibilities, and set deadlines. Regular monitoring and evaluation of the implemented solution is necessary to ensure its effectiveness. If necessary, adjustments can be made along the way.Another problem-solving method is called the SARA Model - Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment. This method is often used in community policing and crime prevention.The first step, scanning, involves gathering data about a specific problem or issue. This includes collecting information about the problem's scope, location, and frequency. For example, if the problem is drug-related crimes in a particular neighborhood, scanning would involvecollecting data on the number of drug-related incidents and identifying areas with the highest concentration.After scanning, the second step is analysis. This involves analyzing the collected data to identify patterns, trends, and underlying causes. It may involve reviewing crime reports, conducting surveys, and interviewing community members. The purpose of analysis is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the problem and its contributing factors.Once the problem has been analyzed, the third step is response. This involves developing and implementingstrategies to address the problem. Different response tactics can be utilized, such as increased police presence, community outreach programs, or rehabilitation initiatives. The response should be tailored to the specific needs and characteristics of the community.The final step of the SARA Model is assessment. This involves evaluating the effectiveness of the implementedresponse strategies. It includes monitoring the impact of the response on the problem, collecting feedback from the community, and making adjustments if needed. Assessment helps determine the success of the problem-solving efforts and provides valuable insights for future initiatives.In conclusion, problem-solving is a critical skill that can be applied using various methods. The 5-Step Approach and the SARA Model are just two examples of effective problem-solving methods. By applying these methods, individuals and communities can tackle challenges more effectively and find innovative solutions.。
Problem solving(解决问题)8D
5
D1. 小组/组员(Use Team Approach )
- 确定组长组员及其责任 -与问题相关的组员
D2. 描述问题 (Describe the Problem)
- 整理与问题相关的客观事实 问题的类型 发生时间及地点
问题的大小(带来的影响)
过去经验(类似问题明细)3. 防止问题再次发生/恶化的暂行措施 (Implement/Verify Containment )
- 标明采取的暂行措施(应急处理方案), 或标明由于是1 time问题所以没有暂行措施.
- 标明暂行措施的时间(开始的时间, 完成的时间, 应用) - 没有100% 有效的暂行措施应标示为% effecitiveness
在短时间内无法明确根本原因时，应整理好到目前为止的原 因分析并持续更新查找问题的进展。
8
Fishbone 鱼骨图
9
5Why
5Why 范例
问题（设备停机） 设备为什么停机 设备超负荷导致停机 问题
暂行措施？
暂行措施
设备为什么会超负荷
超负荷原因
为什么轴承处润滑油不足
润滑油泵为什么出现故障
为什么润滑油泵的轴过热 根本原因 根本原因 润滑油泵轴处有异物 10 防止异 物进入 的永久 性措施
4
8D 问题解决法
- 8D并不是反省文也不是事故报告书，而是为查找问题根本原因及 预防再发生的措施，而系统性整理的一种解决问题的方法。撰写出 的8D报告也应使并不了解相关业务的人也能理解 (应禁用缩略语并 包含具体的support 数据)
8D 的构成 D1.小组/组员 D2.描述问题 D3.防止再次发生的暂行措施 D4.问题的根本原因 D5.解决问题的永久性措施 D6.验证永久性措施的效果/验证计划/验证结果 D7.预防再次发生的系统性对策 D8.小组祝贺
8D问题解决方式
OUR JOURNEY 我们的旅程
To create value for our customers and shareholders by providing systems, products and services relating to propel, work and control functions, as we meet the needs of mobile equipment manufacturers globally. 我们提供具备驱动、运作及控制功能的系统、产品及服务，为客户与股东创造价值，满足全球行走机械设备制造商的需要。
OUR JOURNEY
To create value for our customers and shareholders by providing systems, products and services relating to propel, work and control functions, as we meet the needs of mobile equipment manufacturers globally.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE 财务状况
Focus on shareholder value by driving both top line growth and profitability. 将重点放在股东利益上，推动公司的发展与盈利。 Achieve continuous improvement on the returns on each and every investment made (machine tools, facilities, new products, distribution channels, etc.). 争取在每一项投资上不断提高投资回报率（机械工具、设施、新 产品、分销渠道等）。
问题解决方案英文
Problem Solving SolutionsAbstract:In today's rapidly changing world, individuals and organizations face numerous challenges and problems. Finding effective solutions to these problems is essential for personal and professional growth. This document discusses some proven problem-solving strategies that can be implemented to overcome various obstacles encountered in different contexts. The solutions presented here are applicable in both personal and professional settings, and they emphasize critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and adaptability.1. Introduction:Problem-solving is an essential skill that enables individuals and organizations to overcome obstacles and achieve their goals. With the ever-increasing complexity of the modern world, the ability to identify, analyze, and solve problems has become more critical than ever before. This document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of effective problem-solving strategies that can be applied in a wide range of situations to achieve desired outcomes.2. Define the Problem:The first step towards finding a solution is to clearly define the problem at hand. This involves gathering relevant information, analyzing the root causes, and understanding the impact of the problem on the overall situation. By clearly defining the problem, one can avoid miscommunication and ensure that everyone involved has a common understanding of the issue.3. Analyze the Problem:Once the problem is defined, it is essential to analyze it thoroughly. This involves breaking it down into smaller components, examining the underlying factors, and identifying any patterns or trends. Analyzing the problem from different perspectives can often reveal hidden insights and potential solutions. Effective problem analysis allows for the identification of both short-term and long-term solutions.4. Generate Potential Solutions:After analyzing the problem, it is time to brainstorm potential solutions. This is a creative process that involves generating as many ideas as possible, without judgment or evaluation. Brainstorming can be done individually or in a group setting, and it encourages thinking outside the box. The goal is to come up with a wide range of solutions that can be further evaluated and refined.5. Evaluate and Select Solutions:Once a list of potential solutions has been generated, it is crucial to evaluate each solution's feasibility and potential impact. This involves considering various factors such as resources required, cost-benefit analysis, and potential risks. By weighing the pros and cons of each solution, one can select the most suitable option that addresses the root cause of the problem effectively.6. Implement the Solution:Implementing the selected solution requires careful planning and coordination. It involves breaking down the solution into actionable steps, allocating resources, and establishing a timeline for execution. Effective communication and collaboration are essential during this stage to ensure that everyone is aligned with the solution's objectives and responsibilities.7. Monitor and Evaluate:Once the solution is implemented, it is essential to monitor its progress and evaluate its effectiveness. This involves collecting data, tracking key performance indicators, and comparing the actual outcomes with the expected results. By regularly reviewing the solution's implementation, necessary adjustments can be made to optimize its impact.8. Adaptability and Continual Improvement:Problems are not static; they evolve and change over time. Therefore, it is crucial to remain adaptable and continuously improve problem-solving strategies. This involves learning from past experiences, seeking feedback, and incorporating new approaches. By embracing a growth mindset and actively seeking innovative solutions, individuals and organizations can stay ahead of the curve and overcome challenges effectively.Conclusion:Problem-solving is a critical skill that allows individuals and organizations to navigate through various obstacles and achieve their goals. Effective problem-solving involves defining the problem, analyzing it thoroughly, generating potential solutions, selecting the most suitable option, implementing it thoughtfully, monitoring progress, and continually improving. By applying the problem-solving strategies discussed in this document, individuals and organizations can enhance their decision-making abilities and increase their chances of success in a dynamic and ever-changing world.。
The Six Steps (6S) to Problem Solving 解决问题的六个步骤
对内部和外部客人的问题进行详细描述，确定是“谁做 错了什么事”。 使用可以量化的术语来描述，例如 （问题是怎样的？发生在那里？有多严重？有多少案 例？等等.)
S2- DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM
STEPS IN S2 ARE:
1.
2.
3.
Review existing data – collect, review, establish common understanding, clarify with internal/external customer, prepare Process Flow Diagram (PFD) of current process. Subdivide the problem – complex/multiple problem into single problems, use separate and parallel ProblemSolving processes, develops a Cause and Effect Diagram Describe the problem in quantifiable terms – What?, Where?, When? And How Big?
8D报告-中英文版
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Lack of Prevention缺乏预防 Cycle of Waste浪费循环
持续地解决过去的问题 (救火)
出错,延迟, 零碎解决方案
时间消2006 Eaton Corp. All rights reserved.
It will simply recycle to a less efficient place on your to-do list. It is just waiting for the right circumstances to occur如果只是简单地无效地 在你所需做的事情清单上列一下,那就是在等待恰当的环境 下发生这样的事
© 2005-2006 Eaton Corp. All rights reserved.
2
Cause & Effect Diagram 因果图
© 2005-2006 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Cause and Effect Diagrams因果图
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Structured Team Problem Solving 团队问题解决
Objective目的 To use an efficient, data-based approach for problem solving and
corrective action.用有效的,基于数据的问题解决方法和纠正措施
Cause-and-effect diagrams are useful for simplifying the relationships of possible causes to an effect we are studying.
解决问题的方法英语作文
解决问题的方法英语作文英文回答：Problem-solving: A Multifaceted Approach.Problem-solving is a fundamental human skill that enables us to navigate the challenges we encounter in life. It involves the ability to identify, analyze, and develop solutions to complex situations. While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to problem-solving, there are several effective methods that can be employed to increase our effectiveness in this area.1. Define the Problem.The first step in solving a problem is to clearly define it. This involves understanding the nature of the problem, its scope, and its potential impact. By accurately defining the problem, we can avoid wasting time and resources on irrelevant solutions.2. Gather Information.Once the problem has been defined, it is important to gather as much relevant information as possible. This may involve conducting research, consulting with experts, or simply brainstorming with colleagues. The more information we have, the better equipped we are to develop effective solutions.3. Generate Solutions.The next step is to generate potential solutions to the problem. This can be done individually or through collaboration with others. It is important to be open-minded and consider a wide range of options, including both traditional and innovative approaches.4. Evaluate Solutions.Once a list of potential solutions has been developed, it is important to evaluate each one carefully. This shouldinvolve considering the feasibility, cost, and potential impact of each solution. By carefully weighing the pros and cons of each option, we can make informed decisions about which solutions to pursue.5. Implement the Solution.Once a solution has been selected, it is important to implement it effectively. This may involve developing a plan, assigning responsibilities, and setting clear timelines. It is also important to monitor the implementation process and make necessary adjustments along the way.6. Evaluate the Results.Finally, it is important to evaluate the results of the implemented solution. This should involve assessing whether the solution achieved the desired outcomes and whether there were any unintended consequences. By evaluating our results, we can learn from our experiences and improve our problem-solving skills for the future.中文回答：解决问题的多方面方法。
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清晰定义问题
– 清晰表达问题 – 确定与标准的差异 – 确定解决这个问题的相关性,合理性
70%
2. 跟踪根本问题Root Cause
– 到现场缩小并聚焦到3个真实的原因 – “5 whys” 追踪 Root Cause – 到Root Cause 现场，取得证据
3. 制定实施对策
– 认定和评估可能的对策 – 测试选定的对策并评估效果 – 实施对策并确认差异的弥合
——Thomas J. Watson, Sr.
4
Business Goal
PSP 的目标是 通过严密root cause 追踪和
有效的基于流程的对策， 弥合差异，达到理想而稳定的业绩
5
DHR PSP关键不同点
RC&CM 过去的误区
问题缺乏定位
DHR PSP 有何不同 标准而简明的定义（Toyota case）
ProblemSolvingProcess
NOVEMBER 1, 2010
Kaizen Event Rules改善活动规则
1. There is no rank among team members 小组成员中没有阶级之分
2. Keep an open mind to change 保持开放的心胸来做改变
12. Plans are only good if they can be implemented; plans succeed only if gains are sustained 计划能确实执行才是好计划，成果能持续维持才算真成功
13. Just do it! 动手去做
2
培训主要章节
• PSP基本介绍 • 清晰定义问题 • 追寻根本原因 (Root Cause) • 制定实施对策 • 跟踪对策、维持效果
> 对重大问题承担责任 > 下达问题到适当的层面 > 1对1的带教 PSP
> 成员
> 在课程评估中展现能力，取得好成绩
> 培训后成果展开(Process Check-in)
> 以团队的方式应用PSP
> 与经理一起建立共识，接受任务，确
认进展
7
Problem Solving Process
Time Spent
日常管理 (DM)
> 必须解决(SQDIP) ‘短期框架 > 一般比较清晰,不模糊 > 典型提问：有标准吗？标准执行了吗?
突破性问题
created problem
战略或策略实施 (WIG)
> 内部组织强力驱动 > 长期框架 > 更困难，较模糊 > 典型提问：有计划吗？计划执行了吗?
勿因追求未来的“完美”而阻碍了得到现在“较佳”结果的机会
8. Maintain a positive attitude 保持积极正面的态度
9. Reach for the mind before the wallet 先动脑袋，后动钱包
10. Respect each other 彼此互相尊重
11. Ask “why?” 要问“为什么”
直接跳到解决方案 强调going to Gemba ，在Gemba获得证据
对策不能弥合差距 .对策被测试和评估，结果在Gemba量测
对策不能持续
作为PSP的一部分，可持续的对策流程被清晰定义
6
领导缺乏教学和启 发
每一步都明确定义领导提问和教练方法
PSP期望
> 领导
> 驱动和鼓励每个成员在日常活动中使用 PSP
3
“All the problems of the world could be settled if people were only willing to think. The trouble is that people very often resort to all sorts of devices in order not to think, because thinking is such hard work.”
12
什么是解决问题？
它是你在不知道做什么时要做的事情.
Problem Solving provides an opportunity for “discovery” and “continuous improvement”
13
Problem Solving Applications
维持性问题
Caused problem
30%
4. 跟踪对策、维持效果
– 聚焦在少数关键对策 – 确定责任人和附加的资源 – 到现场测定结果
8
During this workshop, you will apply the Problem Solving Process to several cases including your own KPI or WIG “miss”
6. Give as many associates as possible a chance to review new layout & major changes 尽可能让多些员工审查新的布局和重大的改变
7. Don’t let “perfect” get in the way of “better”
清晰问题定义
NOVEMBER 1, 2010
Problem Solving Process
Time Spent
1.
清晰定义问题
– 清晰表达问题 – 确定与标准的差异 – 确定解决这个问题的相关性,合理性
70%
2. 跟踪根本问题Root Cause
– 到现场缩小并聚焦到3个真实的原因 – “5 whys” 追踪 Root Cause – 到Root Cause 现场，取得证据
3. Involve associates from the Kaizen area 让改善区域的员工共同参与
4. Allow area associates to review new layouts & processes
让改善区域的员工审查新的布局和过程
5. Communicate with all shifts 与所有的班次沟通
3. 制定实施对策
– 认定和评估可能的对策 – 测试选定的对策并评估效果 – 实施对策并确认差异的弥合
30%
4. 跟踪对策、维持效果
– 聚焦在少数关键对策 – 确定责任人和附加的资源 – 到现场测定结果
11
什么是问题？
问题就是现实与理想之间你不希望见到的差异，也 就是你没有达到要求。我们称之为 ‘gap’