高中英语语法之动词过去分词
英语语法之动词的过去分词
the changing (正在变化的) world the changed (变化了的) world
falling leaves (正在飘落的)
fallen leaves (已经飘落了的)
(发展的)
(发达的)
The differences (used as Attribute)
5. to do to be done doing being done
2.现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作; 现 在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting .
I saw the child being beaten by his father.
ATTENTION
1. have sth done
Practice: please analyze the functions of the past participles
a broken heart a lost dog a risen sun an organized trip a broken glass 一颗破碎的心 丧家之犬
已升起的太阳 一次有组织的旅行 一个破玻璃杯
1.The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well . （05’ HB） A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 2.The prize of the game show is ＄30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China. (05’BJ) A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 3. The disc, digitally __ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(04’SH ) A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, A. knowing as 3M.(04’ZJ) B. known C. being known D. to be known
高中英语语法考点分类汇总-动词词形变化一览表
动词词形变化一览表
(1)规则动词变化表：
注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。
②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在
[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz].
③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].
(2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形→过去式→过去分词)
动词的各种时态变化：
3、be(“是/存在”)
注意：句型变化时,
否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t (am后面not不可以缩
写)；
疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。
4、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表：。
高中英语语法总结大全之动词
高中英语语法总结大全之动词动词1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。
（having是实义动词。
）He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。
（has是助动词。
）3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。
例如：She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。
（sing在此用作不及物动词。
）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。
（sing用作及物动词。
）4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。
（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。
）She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。
（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。
5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.英语里有很多短语动词和动词短语。
英语语法：过去分词的5种用法
英语语法：过去分词的5种用法
过去分词，我们常用done来表示。
在英语里，它有哪些用法呢？
一、构成“完成时”
英语时态里的完成时，表达某件事、动作已经“完成”，如果是现在的时刻已完成，就是“现在完成时”，如果是过去的时刻已完成，就是过去完成时。
完成时要用：have（has、had）作为助动词，再用过去分词，作为实义动词。
现在完成时：have(has) + done
过去完成时：had + done
将来完成时：will + have + done
过去将来完成时：would + have + done
上面的完成时，都要用到done（过去分词）。
I have seen the film.我看过这个电影了。
seen就是see的过去分词，意思是：这个电影我看过了。
二、构成“被动语态”
我吃了苹果，是主动的“语序”，而“苹果被我吃”，就是被动的“语序”。
这种被动的“语序”，就是“被动语态”。
被动语态的结构就是：
主语+ be动词+ done过去分词
也就是说，被动语态里，都要用到过去分词。
具体而言，一句话是“完成时”还是“被动语态”，主要看前面的助动词。
如果前面的助动词是have、has、had，就是完成时态，表示某事已做完，如果前面的助动词是be动词（am、is、are、was、were），就是被动语态，表示某个事被做。
The tree is cut by the man. 这棵树被那个男的砍了。
这里的cut，是过去分词（和原型写法一样）。
如果换成主动语态，就是：
The man cuts the tree. 这个男的砍了树。
高中英语语法：动词用法讲解
高中英语语法之动词用法讲解动词的分类动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类:1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词;2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look 看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是情态动词和助动词参看其他章节二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词, 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章.三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题:1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用d. When did you join the army ? (正确e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确h. I haven’t received his letter f or almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找, 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来. 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of动词的形式一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加– s / - es;③.过去式; ④.过去分词; ⑤.–ing 形式二.动词第三人称单数现在时形式的构成规则:①.一般情况加-s, 如: works, learns, comes②.动词以-s, -x, -sh, -ch, -o结尾时, 加-es, 如: passes, fixes, washes, teaches, goes③.动词以辅音字母加y结尾时, 将y变为i, 再加-es, 如: carries, cries, flies, studies三.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:1.规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则:①.一般情况下词尾加-ed, 如: worked, wanted, opened, answered, played, obeyed②.以不发音的-e结尾的词在词尾加-d, 如: hope –hoped, like –liked;③.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 将y变为i, 再加–ed, 如: study –studied, try –tried;④.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母(x除外的, 双写末尾的辅音字母, 再加-ed, 如: stop –stopped, clap -clapped, plan-planned, refer-referred, admit–admitted, permit –permitted⑤.少数双音节动词, 尽管重音在第一个音节, 仍双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ed, 如: travel –traveled, program –programmed, 但美式英语不双写辅音字母2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成: (参看不规则动词表四.动词的-ing形式的构成规则:①.一般情况直接加-ing, 如: working, studying, going, seeing, staying②.以不发音的-e结尾, 去掉-e再加-ing, 如: live –living, move-moving;③.以重读闭音节或-r音节结尾, 末尾又只有一个辅音字母(x除外, 将末尾辅音字母双写, 再加-ing, 如: planning, starring, beginning, referring;④.少数几个以-ie结尾的重读开音节动词, 应将-ie变成y, 再加- ing, 如: die –dying, tie –tying, lie –lying⑤.少数双音节动词, 虽然重音在第一音节, 也双写末尾的辅音字母, 然后再加-ing, 如: travel –traveling, 但在美式英语中一般不双写⑥.以非重读的元音字母加-l结尾的动词构成-ing时, l要双写, 再加-ing(美国英语不双写, 如: travelling, quarrelling⑦.注意以下几个词的- ing形式: hoe –hoeing, picnic – picnicking, panic –panicking, dye –dyeing。
过去分词特殊变化表
过去分词特殊变化表过去分词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，通常用来表示动作已经完成或状态已经存在的情况。
大多数动词的过去分词形式是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed或-d。
然而，有一些动词的过去分词形式却有一些特殊的变化规则。
下面是一张过去分词特殊变化表，帮助我们更好地掌握这些特殊变化规则。
动词原形过去式过去分词be was/were beenbegin began begunbreak broke brokenbring brought broughtbuild built builtbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtchoose chose chosencome came comedo did donedrink drank drunkdrive drove drivenfall fell fallen feel felt felt find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten get got gotten give gave given go went gone have had had hear heard heard know knew known leave left left make made made meet met met read read read run ran runsay said said see saw seensing sang sungsit sat satsleep slept sleptspeak spoke spokenstand stood stoodswim swam swumtake took takenteach taught taughttell told toldthink thought thoughtunderstand understood understoodwear wore wornwin won wonwrite wrote written这张过去分词特殊变化表列举了一些常见的动词及其过去式和过去分词形式。
高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词(2021年整理)
高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
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高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成（具体规则见后），不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词则属于类动词1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态，不但表示被动,还表示已完成了。
The cup is broken。
茶杯破了.2。
不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。
He is retired。
他已退休.3。
有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
一、当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作）(2） The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。
（过去分词作表语）【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行。
有些动词如 interest， bore，worry， surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用—ing 形式来修饰物。
英语动词用法高中
英语动词用法高中在高中英语的学习中，动词无疑是语法体系的核心部分。
掌握好动词的用法，对于理解句子结构、准确表达意思以及提升英语综合能力都具有至关重要的意义。
首先，我们来谈谈动词的基本形式。
动词有原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词这几种形式。
以动词“work”为例，其第三人称单数形式是“works”，过去式是“worked”，过去分词是“worked”，现在分词是“working”。
在一般现在时中，如果主语是第三人称单数（如he、she、it 等），动词就要用第三人称单数形式。
比如：“He works hard every day” 而在一般过去时中，我们则要使用动词的过去式，如：“I worked late yesterday”动词的时态是高中英语学习中的重点和难点。
常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。
一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，比如：“We have classes from Monday to Friday” 一般过去时则用于描述过去发生的动作，例如：“They visited the museum last week” 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作，常见的表达有“will ＋动词原形”和“begoing to ＋动词原形”，像：“I will go to Beijing next month” 现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，结构是“be ＋现在分词”，比如：“She is readinga book now” 过去进行时强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，“was/were ＋现在分词”是其结构，“I was watching TV at 8 o'clock last night” 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者过去的动作一直持续到现在，“have/has ＋过去分词”是其构成，“I have learned English for five years” 过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，“had ＋过去分词”为其形式，“By the end of last year, I had finished reading five books”除了时态，动词的语态也需要我们关注。
英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】【知识梳理】1 定义动词的ed分词即过去分词
内容英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】【知识梳理】1. 定义动词的ed分词即过去分词英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】1. 定义：动词的ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
如：Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。
如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Is there anything planned f tomrow 明天有什么活动吗过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。
如：The meeting attended by one thous students was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
3）过去分词做状语：过去分词和ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
如：Seen from the top of the hill the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
如：Deeply moved by the sty the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
动词过去式过去分词变化规则
动词过去式过去分词变化规则
一般来说，动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则如下：
1. 一般情况下，动词加-ed：
例：walk -> walked, jump -> jumped
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d：
例：live -> lived, love -> loved
3. 以一个辅音字母加y结尾的动词，将y改为i，再加-ed：
例：study -> studied, try -> tried
4. 以ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y，再加-ed：
例：tie -> tied, lie -> lied
5. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写该辅音字母，再加-ed：
例：stop -> stopped, plan -> planned
6.特殊变化：
be的过去式为was/were，过去分词为been；
have的过去式为had，过去分词为had；
do的过去式为did，过去分词为done；
go的过去式为went，过去分词为gone；
see的过去式为saw，过去分词为seen；
eat的过去式为ate，过去分词为eaten；
drink的过去式为drank，过去分词为drunk；
write的过去式为wrote，过去分词为written。
需要注意的是，英语中仍然存在一些特例和不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词形式与以上规则不同，这些特例需要通过学习和记忆来掌握。
高中英语语法精讲动词的过去分词形式
高中英语语法精讲第七章动词的过去分词形式动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
一、动词的-ed形式的特征A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。
绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。
1．规则动词的-ed形式limit →limited（限制）pretend →pre tended（假装）escape →escaped（逃脱）provide →provided（提供）refer →referred（提交）drag →dragged（拖）pray →prayed（祈祷）supply →supplied（供应）2．不规则动词的-ed形式cast →cast（投掷）spread →spread（传播）bite →bitten（咬）forgive →forgiven（原谅）spit →spat（吐）wear →worn（穿）fight →fought（搏斗）lose →lost（丢失）3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同learned →a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged →an aged man 老人beloved →his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。
Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。
Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。
C．动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。
高中英语语法之过去分词
3. I borrowed a book __A____ by Mark Twain from
the library last week. I like it very much.
A. written
B. writing
C. was written
D. to write
4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of ___A____.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to
pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此 题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get
burnt, get hurt , get wounded.
1. The rooms are _C___, so you can’t move in.
过去分词作宾补
1.从时间上：表动作已经完成。 come, go, fall, change(表位移,变化的不及物动词) I found the countryside changed a lot.
2.从语态上:表被动. I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
作宾补
A. those invited
B. invited those
C. those inviting
D. inviting those
过去分词作表语
1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示 动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。
2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为 动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。 ① The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom.
高中英语语法梳理-非谓语动词
高中英语语法非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be done一.不定式的意义1.不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).e.g.He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2.不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g.When I went to his home,he happened to be traveling around the world.3.不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式(to have been done).e.g.He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4.不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.e.g.We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二.不定式的用法1.不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
高中英语语法复习---非谓语动词-过去分词
高中英语语法非谓语动词（三）过去分词非谓语动词（三）——过去分词（三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。
过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。
被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。
注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。
作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。
高考英语 语法系列之过去分词不定式知识点分析
英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】1. 定义：动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
如：Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2) 过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。
如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。
如：The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。
3) 过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
如：Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。
高中英语过去分词用法详解
3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures., 且与主语 之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作 状语可表时间、原因、 让步、 结果、 方式、 条件等。
观察下列的句子:
Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
3) If _tr_a_p_p_e_d_ in a burning building, you should send for help. 4) Although _s_h_o_t in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
二、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间
B. Seen
4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。
__A__ from the space, the astronaut
can not discover the Great Wall.
A. Seeing
B. Seen
Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle _U_s_e_d_for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧. _U_s_i_n_g_ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用. _L_o_o_k_i_n_g_ at her, he jumped with joy. _L_o_o_k_e_d_at by her, he jumped with joy.
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高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词则属于类动词1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休.3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.过去分词构成规则1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2 、不规则动词，见不规则表一、当过去分词作为表语The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物.(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.二、当过去分词作为定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.三、当过去分词作为状语1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语I ,即I 被再给一个小时.)(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.四、当过去分词作为宾语补足语(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等. (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;) (2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider，know，think等后。
如：(1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。
(2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有受愚弄了。
4. 表示爱憎､意愿的动词如want，wish，like，hate等后。
如：(1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。
(2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)五、"with +宾语+过去分词"的结构此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语. (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式) (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件) (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因) (4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他. (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.练习1. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boringB. tiring; boredC. tired; boredD. tiring; boring2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _________.A. looked forB. cared forC. take care ofD. cared after3. The two old sisters, _________ so long, held each other and burst into tears.A. being separatedB. having been separatedC. having separatedD. had been separated4. Let’s have a rest. The _______ work made me very ________.A. tired; tiredB. tiring; tiringC. tired; tiringD. tiring; tired5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _________ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A. addingB. to have addedC. to addD. added6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us ______ about what is happening in the world.A. informingB. to informC. informedD. being informed7. Everyone was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months.A. surprised; surpriseB. surprised; surprisedC. surprised; surprisingD. surprising; surprising8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him.A. lookingB. watch atC. fixing onD. staring at9. The film you saw last light was made _________ on a true story that happened many years ago. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing10. After _______ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.A. finishedB. being finishedC. having finishedD. be finishing11. Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when __________the medicine.A. you will takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken12. The students, ________ their teachers, came home.A. followedB. followC. followingD. will follow13. The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result. A. reached B. to reach C. would reach D. reaching14. They spent the night _________ in the room.A. having lockedB. lockingC. to be lockedD. locked15. He wrote a letter to the king ___________.A. hoping to be set freeB. to set him freeC. so that be set freeD. asked to be set free16. Steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and Kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.A. make; devotedB. making; devotingC. making; devotedD. make; devoting17. ________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A. WalkingB. He was walkingC. WalkedD. When he was walking18. Time should be made good use ________ our lessons well.A. of learningB. to learnC. to learningD. of to learn19. The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.A. is based onB. is on the base ofC. which is the base ofD. based upon20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things_______.A. stoleB. missingC. missedD. losing21. _________ it rains, we will stay at home.A. SupposedB. SupposingC. To supposeD. If suppose22. _________ with yours, our library is _________ too small a size.A. Comparing; inB. Comparing; ofC. Compared; inD. Compared; of23. It’s dangerous to carry a hot pan with ________ oil.A. burningB. burntC. burnD. burns24. We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB. datingC. comingD. kept25. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _______ and his glaring eyes _______ straight upwards.A. set; lookedB. set; lookingC. setting; lookedD. setting; looking26. ________ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.A. Having lostB. LosingC. LostD. He was lost27. The Golden Gate Bridge, ________ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.A. which is builtB. which builtC. having builtD. built28. I suggested the cheat _________ into prison.A. referred to being putB. referred be putC. referred should be putD. referred to be put29. ___________, I went out for a walk.A. There was nothing to doB. There being nothing to doC. There had nothing to doD. Had nothing to do30. He returned home to learn that the girl ________ had been married the secretary village.A. became engaged to himB. was engaged to himC. engaged to him beforeD. got engaged to him31. __________ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.A. DisappointedB. To be disappointedC. DisappointingD. Having disappointed32. _________ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by ________ enemy soldiers.A. Hidden; armedB. Hide; armedC. hidden; armD. Hiding; armed33. To have the wonderful cloth ________ new clothes, they had the machine ______ all day long.A. made of; runningB. made of; runC. made into; workingD. made into; work34. The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _______ our Chinese 15- year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends35. If _______ in wet sand, the vegetables can_______ fresh for a long time.A. being buried; remainB. buried; remainC. buried; be remainedD. burying; remain36. _________ over and over again, but he still couldn’t understand.A. Having explainedB. having been explainedC. ExplainingD. It had been explained37. Everything _________, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice.A. consideringB. taken into considerationC. to considerD. taking into consideration38. ________ from the moon, our earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “blue ball”.A. Seen; coveredB. seeing; coveringC. Seen; coveringD. To see; to cover39. A great big fellow, ________around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.A. weighedB. weighingC. weighsD. weighty40. --- The plan ________ is of great importance to everybody.--- I see. He is sure to finish it on time.A. madeB. makingC. to be madeD. to make41. From the dates________ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load ________ my mind.A. taking offB. to be taken offC. having taken offD. taken off43. The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes ________.A. widely openB. wide openedC. widely openedD. wide open44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife ________ him.A. being supportedB. supportingC. supportedD. support45. The noise of the machines _________ can be clearly heard in our classroom.A. fixedB. being fixedC. to be fixedD. having been fixed46. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute __________.A. being settledB. to be settledC. had settledD. as settled47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches, chairs, or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. seat48. __________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A. To look atB. Looking atC. Looked atD. To be looked at49. _________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A. To be judged the bestB. Having judged the bestC. Judged the bestD. Judging the best50. The president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.A. informB. informingC. be informedD. informed51. ________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing52. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.A. wearingB. to wearC. wornD. having worn53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to formB. formC. formingD. having formed54. When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss.A. questioningB. having questionedC. questionedD. to be questioned56. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited57. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt58. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party.A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded59. Having been attacked by terrorists, ___________.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists60. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. AttractedC. To be attractedD. Having attracted61. The old man, _________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked62. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.A. knowingB. knownC. being knownD. to be known63. _________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two days.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Not completed64. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry65.He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. putB. to be puttingC. to putD. putting66. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change67. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, __________.A. exhaustingB. exhaustedC. being exhaustedD. having exhausted68. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked69. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappearedC. seizing; disappearingD. seized; disappearing70. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given71. Generally speaking, _______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken72. Friendship is like money: easier made than __________.A. keptB. to be keptC. keepingD. being kept73. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited74. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen75. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun76. ________ to sunlight for too much time w ill do harm to one’s health.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed77. The bell _______ the end of the period rang, _______our heated discussion.A. indicating; interruptingB. indicated; interruptingC. indicating; interruptedD. indicated; interrupted78. Mr Reed made up his mind to devoted all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up79. __________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.A. SufferedB. SufferingC. Having sufferedD. Being suffered80. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out81. _________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding82. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung83. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.A. missing; playingB. missing; playC. missed; playedD. missed; to play84. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given85. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make86. _________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose87. The lady said that she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _________.A. 20 dollars remainedB. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollarsD. remaining 20 dollars88. _________ and happy, Tonny stood up and accepted the prize.A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising89. A good story doesn’t necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfyingC. to be unsatisfyingD. being unsatisfied90. Five people won the “ China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A. being givenB. is givenC. givenD. was given91. The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written92. The computer centre, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened93. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes __________.A. openB. to be openedC. to openD. opening94. The murderer was brought in with his hands _________ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied95._________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. to giveC. GivingD. having given96. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay97. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing98. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating99. ________such heavy pollutions already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. suffered100. Sugar, when ________ with water, dissolves quickly.A. mixedB. mixingC. mixD. is mixed答案：1-10ABBDD CCDCC 11-20BCADB CDDDB 21-30BDABB CDDBC 31-40AACCB DBCBC 41-50BDDBB DCCCD 51-60CACBC CBABB 61-70BBAAD ADBDD 71-80BAABD CABBC 81-90CBAAA CDBAC 90-100DDADA CCCAA。