Toungue Twister 2 Consonants-Frictives & Affricates英语语音绕口令
2023年12月英语六级听力原文含翻译第二套
翻译在最终Conversation OneM: Guess what? The worst food I've ever had was in France.W.Really.That'.odd..though.th.Frenc.wer.al.goo.cooks.M.Yes.That'.right..suppos.it'.reall.lik.anywher.else.though.Yo.kno w.som.place.ar.good.Som.bad.Bu.it'.reall.al.ou.ow.fault.W: What do you mean?M.Well.i.wa.th.firs.tim.I'.bee.t.France.Thi.wa.year.ag.whe..wa.a.sc hool..wen.ther.wit.m.parents.friends.fro.m.father'.school.They'.hire..c oac.t.tak.the.t.Switzerland.W: A school trip?M.Right.Mos.o.the.ha.neve.bee.abroa.before.We'.crosse.th.Englis. Channe.a.night.an.w.se.of.throug.France.an.breakfas.tim.arrived.an.t h.coac.drive.ha.arrange.fo.u.t.sto.a.thi.littl.café.Ther.w.al.were.tire.an.hungry.an.the.w.mad.th.grea.discovery.W: What was that?M: Bacon and eggs.W: Fantastic! The real English breakfast.M.Yes.Anyway.w.didn'.kno.an.better.s.w.ha.it.an.ugh...!W: What was it like? Disgusting?M.Oh.i.wa.incredible.The.jus.go..bow.an.pu.som.fa.i.it.An.the.the.pu.som.baco.i.th.fat.brok.a.eg.ove.th.to.an.pu.th.whol.lo.i.th.ove.fo.a bou.te.minutes.W.I.th.oven.You'r.joking.Yo.can'.coo.baco.an.egg.i.th.oven!M.Well.The.mus.hav.don.i.tha.way.I.wa.hot.bu.i.wasn'.cooked.The r.wa.jus.thi.eg.floatin.abou.i.gallon.o.fa.an.ra.bacon.W: Did you actually eat it?M.No.Nobod.did.The.al.wante.t.tur.roun.an.g.home.Yo.know.bac.t. teabag.an.fis.an.chips.Yo.can'.blam.the.really.Anyway.th.nex.nigh.w. wer.al.give.anothe.foreig.speciality.W: What was that?M.Snails.Tha.reall.finishe.the.off.Lovel.holida.tha.was!Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questio.1.Wha.di.th.woma.thin.o.th.French?Questio.2.Wh.di.th.ma.trave.wit.o.hi.firs.tri.t.Switzerland?Questio.3.Wha.doe.th.ma.sa.abou.th.breakfas.a.th.littl.Frenc.café?Questio.4.Wha.di.th.ma.thin.o.hi.holida.i.France?Conversation TwoM.Yo.sa.you.sho.ha.bee.doin.well.Coul.yo.giv.m.som.ide.o.wha.“doin.well.mean.i.fact.an.figures?W.Well.“doin.well.mean.averagin.￡1,lio.pounds.An.“s.year.w.di.slightl.ove.50,00.an.thi.y ear.w.hop.t.d.mor.tha.60,000.So.that'.goo.i.w.continu.t.rise.M.Now.that'.gros.earnings..assume.Wha.abou.you.expenses?W.Yes.that'.gross.Th.expenses.o.course.g.u.steadily.An.sinc.we'v.move.t.t hi.ne.shop.th.expense.hav.increase.greatly.becaus.it'..muc.bigge.shop.S..coul dn'.sa.exactl.wha.ou.expense.are.The.ar.somethin.i.th.regio.o.si.o.seve.thous merciall.speaking.it'.fairl.low.an.w.tr.t.kee. ou.expense.a.lo.a.w.can.M.An.you.price.ar.muc.lowe.tha.th.sam.good.i.shop.roun.about.Ho.d.th.lo ca.shopkeeper.fee.abou.havin..sho.doin.s.wel.i.thei.midst?W.Perhap..lo.o.the.don'.realiz.ho.wel.w.ar.doing.becaus.w.don'.mak..poin. o.publicizing.Tha.wa..lesso.w.learne.ver.earl.on.W.wer.ver.friendl.wit.al.loca.sh opkeeper.an.w.happene.t.mentio.t..loca.shopkeepe.ho.muc.w.ha.mad.tha.wee k.H.wa.ver.unhapp.an.neve.a.friendl.again.S.w.mak..poin.o.neve.publicizin.th. amoun.o.mone.w.make.Bu.w.ar.o.ver.goo.term.wit.al.th.shops.Non.o.the.hav. plaine.tha.w.ar.puttin.the.ou.o.busines.o.anythin.lik.that..thin.it'..nic.f riendl.relationship.Mayb.i.the.di.kno.wha.w.made.perhap.the.wouldn'.b.s.frien dly.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questio.5.Wha.ar.th.speaker.mainl.talkin.about?Questio.6.Wha.doe.th.woma.sa.he.sho.trie.t.do?Questio.7.Wha.d.w.lear.abou.th.good.sol.a.th.woman'.shop?Questio.8.Wh.doesn'.th.woma.wan.t.mak.know.thei.earning.anymore?Passage OneBirds are famous for carrying things around.Some, like homing pigeons, can be trained to deliver messages and packages.Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.Canadian scientists have found a worrisome, new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around.Way up north in the Canadian Arctic, seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.Some 10,000 pairs of the birds, called fulmars, a kind of Arctic seabird, make their nests on Devon Island, north of the Arctic Circle.The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.When they return home, their droppings end up all around their nesting sites, including in nearby ponds.Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea.The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of the chemicals.To test the polluting power of fulmars, researchers collected samples of deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island.In ponds closest to the colony, the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds.The pollutants in the ponds appear to come from fish that fulmars eat when they're out on the ocean.People who live, hunt, or fish near bird colonies need to be careful, the researchers say.The birds don't mean to cause harm, but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questio.9.Wha.hav.Canadia.scientist.foun.abou.som.seabirds?Questio.10.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.th.seabird.calle.fulmars?Questio.11.Wha.di.scientist.previousl.notic.abou.pollutant.i.th.Arctic?Questio.12.Wha.doe.th.speake.war.abou.a.th.en.o.th.talk?Passage TwoIn recent years, the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older— has decreased, dropping 14 percent for women and 20 percent for men from 2023 to 2023.The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing.In 2023, the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease, stroke, flu, cancer and Alzheimer's disease.But by 2023, the death rate from Alzheimer's disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease the second leading cause of death for centenarians.One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer's disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases such as Alzheimer's which affects the mind and cognitive function.In other words, it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do.On the other hand, the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2023 to 4.1 percent in 2023.That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.Overall, the total number of centenarians is going up.In 2023, there were 72,197 centenarians, compared to 50,281 in 2023.But because this population is getting larger, the number of deaths in this group is also increasing— 18,434 centenarians died in 2023, whereas 25,914 died in 2023.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questio.13.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.th.ris.o.dyin.fo.America.centenari an.i.recen.years?Questio.14.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.Alzheimer'.disease?Questio.15.Wha.i.characteristi.o.peopl.wh.liv.u.t.10.year.an.beyond?Recording OneOkay.S.let'.ge.started.And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition.I'm going to define what love is but then most of the experiments I'm going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years.And he has a theory of love that argues that it's made up of three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment, or what is sometimes called decision commitment.And these are relatively straightforward.He argued that you don't have love if you don't have all three of these elements.Intimacy is the feeling of closeness, of connectedness with someone, of bonding.Operationally, you could think of intimacy as you share secrets, you share information with this person that you don't share with anybody else.Okay.That'rmatio.tha.i sn'.share.wit.othe.people.The second element is passion.Passion is the drive that leads to romance.You can think of it as physical attraction.And Sternberg argues that this is a required component of a love relationship.The third element of love in Sternberg's theory is what he calls decision commitment, the decision that one is in a love relationship, the willingness to label it as such, and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time.Sternberg would argue it's not love if you don't call it love and if you don't have some desire to maintain the relationship.So if you have all three of these, intimacy, passion and commitment, in Sternberg's theory you have love.Now what's interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three.What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three?What's interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look them carefully.So what I've done is I've taken Sternberg's three elements of love, intimacy, passion and commitment, and I've listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero, one, two or three out of the three elements.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.16.Wha.doe.th.speake.sa.abou.mos.o.th.experiment.mentione.i.h i.talk?Questio.17.Wha.doe.Rober.Sternber.argu.abou.love?Questio.18.Wha.questio.doe.th.speake.thin.i.interestin.abou.Sternberg'.th re.element.o.love?Recording TwoHi! I am Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work.I am a social worker, a lobbyist, and a special assistant to the executive director at the National Association of Social Workers.Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker.Social work is the helping profession.Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet thebasic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty.We often deal with complex human needs.Social work is different from other professions, because we focus on the person and environment.We deal with the external factors that impact a person's situation and outlook.And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention, to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality when necessary.In thousands of ways social workers help other people, people from every age, every background, across the country.Wherever needed, social workers come to help.The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net.We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions.There are more than 600,000 professional social workers in the country, and we all either have a bachelor's degree, a master's degree, or a PhD in Social Work.There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses combined.Throughout this series you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work, and the many ways that social workers help others.Later in this series, you will hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers.Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker, and Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility he social workers must adhere to.The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country.Our mission is to promote, protect, and advance the social work profession.We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker.Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.19.Wha.doe.th.speake.mainl.tal.about?Questio.20.Wha.d.socia.worker.mainl.do?mon.accordin.t.th.speaker?Questio.22.Wha.i.Me.Wilso.goin.t.tal.abou.i.th.series?Recording ThreeToday, I'd like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits, but at the same time, promote junk food.Currently, there's mounting criticism of Michelle Obama's “Let's Move!”campaign, which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active, and has signed on singer Beyoncéand basketball player Shaquille O'Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.Now there's a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity— especially a professional athlete— can be in influencing children's behavior.In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University, researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts.The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active, healthy lifestyles for children.After sorting the deals by category, they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes, most involved sporting goods, followed closely by food and beverage brands.Sports drinks, which are often high in sugar and calories made up most ofthe food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder.Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93% relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.It's no surprise that high-profile athletes can influence children's eating behaviors, but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children's environment.Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure on TV, radio, in print and online.And in 2023, the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing.We can't expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar.At best, kids might be confused.At worst, they'll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water, but those two beverages aren't the same.If children are turning to athletes as role models, it's in their best interest if their idols are consistent.Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestylesfor kids to follow.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Questio.23.Wha.i.th.ai.o.Michell.Obama'.campaign?Questio.24.Wha.doe.researc.fin.abou.advertisement.featurin.professiona. athletes?Questio.25.Wha.doe.th.speake.thin.kids.idol.shoul.do?对话一男: 你猜怎么着？我吃过旳最难吃旳食物是在法国吃旳。
正畸学英文
正畸学英文A: activator肌激动器;Adams clasp箭头卡;adjunctive orthodontec treatment辅助性正畸治疗;adolescence青春期;adolescent spurt青春萌动期;adult orthodontic treatment 成人正畸治疗;advanced stages of root resorption严重牙根吸收;alignment 排齐;aluminum shield铝挡板; alveolar bone 牙槽骨; alveolar bone height 牙槽骨高度;amniotic cavity 羊膜间隙(是指在外胚层和滋养层间的空腔);anchorage control支抗的控制; Angle Class II malocclusion安氏II类错合;Angle classification 安氏分类法;anterior crosssbite 前牙反合;anterior face height 前面高;anterior neuropores 前区神经孔;anterior open bite 前牙开合;anterior overbite 前牙深覆合; anterior shift 前伸移位; anteroposterior maxillary excess 上颌前突;anteroposterior relationship近远中关系;antiplaque agents 抗菌斑生成剂;apical root resorption根尖吸收;apically repositioned flap 龈瓣根向转移;apposition (of teeth)定位(牙);arch form (of bone)弓形(牙槽骨);arrow clasp 箭头卡;articulare 关节点，asymmetry非对称性;average growers正常发育者B: ball clasp球行卡环; base of the tongue舌根; behavioral sciences 行为科学; bilaminar disk双层胚盘; biologic considerations 生物因素;biometric norm 生物测量正常值;bionator生物调节器;Blanche test 变白测试(用于测试上颌唇系带是否附丽过低，或延伸至腭侧切乳头);blastocele;blastocyst cavity 分裂腔;blastocyst 囊胚;blastomere 分裂球;bodily movement 整体移动;body image 身体形象;body of the tongue 舌体;bonded bracket粘结式托槽;bonded(fixed)appliance 粘结式(固定)矫治器;bonded retainer粘结式保持器;bonding of molars 磨牙粘结术;bone loss 骨缺失;bracket system 托槽系统;Brodie syndrome 布罗迪综合征(患者表现为下颌骨偏小畸形，下颌骨后缩或上颌骨巨大，同时伴有后牙正锁);brushing instructions 刷牙医嘱;buccopharyngeal membrane 颊咽粘膜C:C clasp C型卡环;calcification钙化;cartilaginous neurocranim软骨性颅;cartilaginous viscerocranium软骨性面颅;center of resistance 阻抗中心;center of rotation 旋转中心;cephalometric standards 头影测量标准值;cervical , attachment颈带;cessation 停止;chief concern 主诉;chlorhexidine洗必泰;chondrocranium软骨颅;chondrogenesis软骨生成;chorion绒毛膜; chorionic cavity绒毛腔;circumpubertal acceleration 青春快速发育期;Class I molar relationship 磨牙I类关系;Class II elastics II类弹性牵引;Class III subdivision III类亚类; cleavage 分裂;clefting 裂;clockwise rotation 顺时针旋转。
影像学英文
肾柱 renal colums
肾上腺 adrenal gland
输尿管 ureters, ureteral , uretero
膀胱 urinary bladder , bladder
尿道 urethra
睾丸 testis
附睾 epididymis
髂外动脉 external iliac artery
锁骨下动脉 subclavian artery
椎动脉 vertebral artery
乳房内动脉 internal mammary artery
颈内静脉 internal jugular vein
颈外静脉 external jugular vein
甲状腺 thyroid (gland )
甲状旁腺 parathyroid (gland )
上颌窦 maxillary sinus
气管 trachea
食管 esophagus
乳腺 breast, mammary gland
额 front
枕 occiput
胰尾 tail of pancreas
钩突 uncinate process
脾 spleen
脾门 splenic hilum
肾周脂肪 perinephrit fat
集合系统 collective system
肾 kedney
肾盂 renal calyes
无名动脉 innominate artery
颈内静脉 internal jugular vein
甲状腺上动脉 superior thyroid artery
乳房内动脉 internal mammary artery
肌肉群英文之欧阳主创编
斜方肌（Trapezius）、三角肌（Deltoids）、肱二头肌（Biceps）、肱三头肌（Triceps）、肱桡肌（Brachioradialis）、胸年夜肌（Pectoralis Major）、背阔肌（Latissimus Dorsi）、菱形肌（Rhomboids）、前锯肌（Serratus Anterior）、腹直肌（Rectus Abdominus）、腹斜肌（Obliques）、腹横肌（Tranverse Abdominus）、竖脊肌（Erector Spinae）、髂腰肌（Iliopsoas）、臀肌（Gluteals）、股后肌群（Hamstrings）、股四头肌（Quadriceps）、阔筋膜张肌（Tensor Fascia Latae）、内收肌群（Adductors）、胫骨前肌（Anterior Tibialis）、腓肠肌（Gastrocnemius）、比目鱼肌（Soleus）平衡(Balance)它是对整个身体形态来说，是指人体比例协调和全身肌肉成长匀称。
充氧(Burns)当你锻?到最后几次试举，肌肉中感到有些轻微的不适，它不是有害的，而只是包抄肌肉周围的神经感觉到疲劳的积累而产生的，它说明肌肉开始要求提供更多的氧气。
助力(Cheating)当举起重量到一定高度时，呈现「死点」(举到一定的高度，再也上不去)，给以收缩着的肌肉，加上一定的助力，使其继续完成。
练线条(Cutting Up)减缩身体内脂肪，使肌肉线条清晰。
清晰度(Definition)肌肉能看出明显的线条，没有过剩的脂肪。
收缩(Contractions)在健美锻?的术语中，是指肌肉缩短而产生阻力作用。
密度(Density)这是指肌肉的坚硬度、细弱度和结实度。
肌肉膨胀(Hypertrophy)肌肉通过锻?后增粗，它和肌肉增长是同义词。
最佳状态(Groove)当你?用杠铃或哑铃做一个举措时，以最好的途径和最年夜限度地集中用力在某一部位的肌肉上。
颅底中英文孔口诀
The Chinese and English mnemonics for skill base foreamina are different in their language and cultural background, but they share the same purpose of helping people remember the names and locations of the foreamina
Classification and
characteristics of Chinese
and English origin
02
formulas for the skill base
A mnemonic for the forest of the enemy criminal fossa
Summary
Definition and characteristics
Definition
The skull base foramina is the foramina on the base of the skull, which are the openings for nerves and blood vessels to pass through Mnemonics are a set of memory aids used to help people remember information
Future prospects
With the continuous advancement of medical science, it is expected that the Chinese and English mnemonics for skill base will continue to evolve, further improving medical education and clinical practice
Muscles-of-the-Thigh-notes
Muscles of the ThighAnterior compartment. Acts on hip and knee joint∙Psoas major act on hip joint∙Sartorius and rectus femoris act on both hip and knee joint∙The vastus muscle act on the knee jointContains of 7 musclesInnervation1.Psoas major-Anterior rami(L1, L2, L3)2.Illiacus- Femoral nerve(L2,L3)3.Vastus medialis-Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)4.Vastus intermedius-femoral nerve(L2,3,4)5.Vastur lateralis- femoral nerve(L2,3,4)6.Rectus femoris- femoral nerve(L2,3,4)7.Sartorius- femoral nerve(L2,3)Origins and insertions1.Psoas majororigin:posterior abdominal wall(Lumbar transverse process, intervertibral disc and bodies of the lumbar vertebrae(T12, L1-L5.Insert: Lesser trochanter of femur2. IlliacusOrigin:Posterior abdominal wall(iliac fossa).Insert: lesse trochanter of femur3.Vastus medialisorigin:femur,begins at the intertrochanteric line→pectineal line and descends along medial lip of linea asper and onto medial supracondylar line.Insert:medial aspect of quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella4.Vastus intermediusorigin:upper two-thirds of femur and intermuscular septum.Insert: deep aspect of quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral border of patella5.Vastur lateralis-largest.Origin:from superior part of the intertrochanteric line of the femur→lateral margin offemur→attaches there to the gluteal tuberosity→lateral lip of linea aspera.Insert: quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral border of patella.6.Rectus femoris-2 headsorigin from pelvic bone. 1-staight head: originates from anterior inferior iliac spine. 2-reflecteed head: originates from ilium superior to the acetabulum.Insert: both heads unite and insert in quadriceps femoris tendon and base of patella!7.sartorius femoral-most superficialorigin: anterior superior iliac spine.Insert: proximal shaft of tibiaFunction1.Psoas major:flexes the thigh at the hip joint2.Illiacus:flexes the thigh at the hip joint3.Vastus medialis:extend the leg at the knee joint4.Vastus intermedius: extend the leg at the knee joint5.Vastur lateralis: extend the leg at the knee joint6.Rectus femoris: flexes the thigh at the hip joint. Extends the leg at the knee joint7.sartorius femoral: flexes the thigh at the hip joint. Extends the leg at the knee jointMedial compartment6 muscles of the medial compartmentInnervation1.gracilis-obturator nerve(L2,3)2.pectineus-femoral nerve(L2,3)3.adductor longus-obrutor nerve(L2,3,4)4.adductor brevis-Obturator nerve(L2,3)5.adductor magnus-adductor part:obturator nerve. Hamstring part: tibial division of sciaticnerve(L2,3,4)6.obturator externus-obturator nerve (L3,4)Origins and insertion1.Gracilisorigin-the outer surface of ishiopubic ramus of the pelvis.Insert: medially on the proximal border of the tibia. It lies between Sartorius in the front, and semi-tendinosus behind.2.Pectineus:origin-attached to the pectineal line on the pelvis.Insert: to an oblique line that extends from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera onposterior surface of the femur3.Adductor longusorigin-on the external surface of body of pelvis (on a triangular depression under the pubic crest and lateral to the symphysis.Insert:on the linea apsera on the middle of the shaft of femur.4.Adductor brevisorigin:lies posterior to the pectineus and adductor longus. Origin on body of pubis andinferior pubic ramus.Insert: posterior aspect of femur and upper aspect of linea aspera5.Adductor magnus: Largest and deepest muscle.Adductor part: origin-ischiopubic ramus.Insert: on the femus along the vertical line onto the medial supracondylar line.Hamstring part: origin-ischial tubesosity and descends inferiorly and vertically.Insert: into the adductor tubercle on the medial condyle of distal head off femur.6.Obturator externus:origin-external aspect of obturator membrane and adjacent bone. Merge posteriolaterally, posterior to the neck of femur and hip joint.Insert: into oval depression on the laterall wall of trochanteric fossaFuntion:7.Gracilis:adducts thigh at the hip joint. Flex leg at knee joint8.Pectineus: adduct and flex thigh at hip joint9.adductor longus: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint10.adductor brevis:adducts thigh at hip joint11.adductor magnus:adducts and medially rotates thigh the hip joint12.obturator externus: laterally rotates thigh at hip jointPosterior compartmentInnervation1.Biceps femoris-long head: tibial division of the Sciatic nerve, short head: common fibulardivision of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)2.Semi tendinosus-sciatic nerve-tibial division (L5, S1, S2)3.Semi membranosus- sciatic nerve-tibial division (L5,S1,S2)Origin and insertion1.biceps femoris: lateral, got 2 heads.Long head: origin- inferiomedial part of the upper area of ischial tuberosity.Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera of femur.Insert: both heads form a tendon. Insert on lateral head of fibula2.Semi-tendinosus: medial to biceps femoris.Origin: inferiomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity, the muscle ends in the lower half of the shaft and →forms a long tendon→ curves on medial condyle of the tibia.Insert: medial surface of tibia, behind the tendon of gracilis and tendon of Sartorius.3.Semi-memrabnosus:lies deep to semi-tendinosus muscle.Origin: ischal tuberosity.Insert: medial tibial condyle.Function1.Biceps femoris: flex leg at knee joint. Long head extends and laterally rotates the hip. Whenknee is partelly flexed femoris can rotate leg laterally at knee joint2.Semi-tendinosus: flex leg at knee joint, extend thigh at hip joint. Also rotate thigh medially athip joint, and medially rotates the leg at knee joint3.Semi-membranosus: flex leg at knee joint, extends thigh at hip joint. Medially rotate thethigh at hip joint and leg and knee joint!Muscles of the LegPosterior compartmentSuperficial group : gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleusDeep group: popliteus, flexor hallicus longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posteriorLateral compartment: fibularis longus, Fibularis brevisAnterior compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius.Lumbar plexus2 from 12 from 22 from 3The lumbar plexus is formed by anterior rami of L1-L3, and much of L4. It also got a little of T12 Nerves:1.Iliohypogastric nerve2.Ilio-inguinal nevre3.Genitofemoral nerve-femoral and genital branches.teral cutaneous nerve5.Obrutator nerve6.Femoral nerve(II G ot L ove O f F amily)Iliohypogastric nerve and ilio-inguinal nevre comes from L1 (2 from 1)Genitofemoral nerve comes from L1+L2 and Lateral cutaneous nerve comes from L2+L3 (2 from 2) Obrutator nerve comes from L2+L3+L4 and Femoral nerve comes from L2+L3+L4. (2 from 3)Funtion1.Iliohypogastric nerve L1Motor: internal oblique and transverses abdominis muscleSensory: posteriolateral gluteal skin and skin in pubic region2.Ilio-inguinal nevre L1Motor: internal oblique and transverses abdominis muscleSensory:skin of upper medial thigh. And skin over the root of male gender and anteriorscrotum OR mons pubis labius majus3.Genitofemoral nerve L1+L2Motor: Genital branch→-Male: innevates cremasteric muscleSensory: Genital branch→Male:skin on anterior scrotum. Female: skin of mons pubis andlabium majus. Femoral branch→ supply upper anterior thigh.teral cutaneous nerve L2+L3Motor: noSensory: supply anterior and lateral thigh down to the knee5.Obrutator nerve L2+3+4 anterior and posterior branches. Both supply:Motor:medial compartment of thighSensory: skin of medial aspect of thigh6.Femoral nerve L2+3+4Motor:iliacus, pectineus, Sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius,vastus lateralis muscles. Articular branches supply hip and knee joint!Sensory:skin of anterior surface of thigh, and saphenous nerve supplies skin of the medialsurcafe of the legFemoral arteryThe femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery nad begins as the external iliac artery passes under the inguinal ligament to enter the femoral triangle.The femoral artery is palpable in the femoral triangle inferior to the inguinal ligament, between the anterior superior iliac spine and the symphysis.1.First the femoral artery passes vertically down the femoral triangle, then enter theadductor canal2.Then leave through the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus muscle3.After that it becomes the popliteal artery behind the knee.4 small branches branch from the femoral artery in the femoral tirangle: superficial epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, superficial external pudendal artery, deep external pudendal artery. These branches supply lower abdomen, upper thigh and perineum.The biggest branch of femoral artery is Deep artery of thigh-originates from the lateral side of the femoral artery.1.The deep artery of thigh pass first between pectineus and adductor longus2.Then passes inferiorly and between adductor brevis and longus!3.Then more inferiorly it passes between adductor longus and adductor magnus,EVENTUALLY penetrate adductor magnus to connect with other branches of poplitealartery behind the knee.The deep artery of thigh has branches∙Lateral circumflex femoral artery∙Medial circumflex femoral artery∙ 3 perforating arteries.Lateral circumflex femoral artery: one ascending vessel: connect with a branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery to supply the head and neck of the femur.one descending vessel: connect with a branch of popliteal artery.and one transverse vessel: connects with other branches and circulate around the proximal shaft. Then form the cruciate (korsband) anastomosis around the hip.Medial circumflex femoral arteryThe main trunk of this artery is on the top of the adductor magnus, there it divides into 2 major branches deep to the quadrates femoris muscle:One branch: descends to the trochanteric fossa→connect with branches of the gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery.The other branch: passes laterally→connect with the lateral circumflex femoral artery+inferior gluteal artery+first perforating artery→forms an anastomotic network of vessels around the hipThe 3 perforating branches of Depp artery of thighThe deep artery of thigh descends in front of the adductor brevis muscle. The first perforating branch originates above the brevis, the seond one originates in front of the brevis, and the last third one originates below the brevis.All 3 penetrate the magnus muscle and supply the posterior compartment of the thighSaphenous veinThe largest superficial vein in the thigh.It originates from a venous arch in the foot and ascends along the medial side of the thigh. Then it enters the saphenous ring to connect with the femoral vein in the femoral triangle. (the saphenous ring lies just under the inguinal ligament)NervesFemoral nerve: originate from lumbar plexus L2-L4→enters the femoral triangle by passing under the inguinal ligament. In the triangle, the femoral nerve is lateral to the femoral artery.Before passing under the inguinal ligament: the femoral nerve gives off 2 branches: nerve to iliacus + nerve to pectenius.After passing under the inguinal ligament: divides to anterior and posterior branches. Anterior: gives anterior cutaneous branch→supply skin of the front thigh and knee.Posterior: gives of a long cutaneous branch→sephanous nerve→supply skin on the medial surface of the knee, leg + footObturator nerve: a branch of the lumbar plexus (L2-L4). Enter the psoas muscle and then comes out from the medial side of that muscle.Enter the medial compartment through the obturator canal. When it enters the thigh it divides to anterior and posterior branches, they have the adductor brevis between( seperates the two brnaches)Posterior: is posterior to the adductor brevis and anterior to the adductor magnus (the branch lies between these muscles)Supply: obturator externus, adductor brevis and part of adductor magnus.Anterior: is anterior to the adductor brevis, but lies under the adductor longus and pectenius muscles.Supply: gives branchs that supply the adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis. Cutaneous branches innervate the medial side of the thigh.Sciatic nerve: a branch of lumbosacral plexus (L4-S3). Descend into the posterior compartment of thigh. Innervate all muscles posteriorly. Near the knee, or sometimes within the pelvis, the sciatic nerve divides into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve. These to enter the popliteal fossa and join the popliteal artery and vein.Tibial nerve: supply all posterior muscles, except of the short head of biceps femoris muscle (that is innervated by the common fibular nerve).It enters the popliteal fossa→enter posterior compartment of the Leg→contineous to the footInnervates: all posterior muscle of the thigh (of the short head of biceps femoris muscle)Posteriolateral skin of the lower half of the Leg, lateral side of ankle and foot and little toe, skin of the foot, skin on the sole of the foot and toes.Common fibular nerve: first it enters the lateral aspect of the leg and then goes to the anterior aspect of the LegInnervates: all muscles in the lateral and anterior aspect of the Leg, extensor digitorum brevis (lies on the dorsal aspect of the foot). Skin of the lateral aspect of the Leg + ankle, and dorsal aspect of foot and toes.The inguinal canal.......Femoral canalThe femoral canal is an anatomical compartment, located in the anterior thigh. It is the smallest and most medial part of the femoral sheath.The femoral canal is located in the anterior thigh, within the femoral triangle.It has four borders and an opening:∙Medial border– Lacunar ligament.∙Lateral border– Femoral vein.∙Anterior border– Inguinal ligament.∙Posterior border– Pectineal ligament and superior rami of the pubis.The opening to the femoral canal is located at its superior border, known asthe femoral ring. The femoral ring is closed by a connective tissue layer –the femoral septum. This septum is pierced by the lymphatic vessels exiting the canal.The femoral canal contains:∙Lymphatic vessels – draining the deep inguinal lymph nodes.∙Deep lymph node – the lacunar node.∙Empty space.∙Loose connective tissue.The empty space allows distension(töjning?) of the adjacent femoral vein, so it can cope with increased venous return, or increased intra-abdominal pressure.Obturator canalAlmost vertically passageway at the anteriosuperior egde of obturator foramen. Borders:Above: superior pubic ramus (abturator groove)Below: by the upper margin of the obturator membrane(the membrane fills almost the entire obturator foramen), and by muscles (obturator externus and internus), the muscles are attached to the outer and inner surface of the membrane and surrounding bone.Obturator nerve and vessels enter thorugh this canal.Abdominall wall5 anteriolateral group3 flat muscles. The fibers begin posteriolaterally and pass→anteriorly∙Internal oblique, external oblique and transverses abdomunis muscles2 vertical muscles, near the midline∙Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles.External oblique∙Most superficial, immediately under the superficial fascia.∙Its fibers pass inferiomedially∙Its aponeuroses are entwined(flätad) and forms the linea alba, which extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis∙The lower border of the aponeuroses forms the inguinal ligament on each side. It passes from anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle∙Other ligaments formed by extensions of the fiber of the inguinal ligament are: Lacunar ligament→crescent(halvmåne) shaped, at the medial end of the inguinalligament, passed backward to attack to the pectin pubis on superior ramus ∙Another ligament is: pectineal (cooper’s ) ligament→extends from lacunar ligament along the pectin pubis of the pelvic brim.Internal oblique∙Deep to the external is the internal oblique muscle.∙It’s smaller and thinner∙Most of its fiber pass superiomedially (motsats till external, formar kors X) Transversus abdominis∙Deep to the internal oblique∙Named after the way most of its fiber pass. They pass transversallyTransversalis fascia: it’s a continuous layer of the deep fascia that lines the abdominal cavity, it continuous down to the pelvic cavity.Anteriorly: the fascia moves to the midline and is associated with the same fascia from the opposite side:Inferiorly: it is continuous with a fascia on the inferior surface of the diaphragmPosteriorly: it is continuous with the deep fascia posteriorly that covers the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall, then it attaches to the thoracolumbar fascia.The tranversalis fascia attaches to the fascia of the upper region of pelvic bone and pelvic cavity it’s called the parietal pelvic fasciaRectus abdominis∙Long flat muscle, paired muscle, separated in the midline by the linea alba. The muscle gets thinner and wider when it ascends from the pubix symphysis to thecostal margin. It is intersected (skuren) by 3 or 4 fibrous band called tendinousintersection, these are easily visible on well trained peoplePyramidalis∙Very small, anterior to rectus adbominis∙May be absent∙Base on pubis∙Apex on the linea alba (superiorly and medially)The Rectus SheathThe rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of the three flat muscles, and encloses the rectus abdominus and pyramidalis muscles. It has an anterior and posterior wall for most of its length:∙The anterior wall is formed by the aponeuroses of the external oblique, and of half of the internal oblique, which splits at the lateral margin of the rectus abdomins∙The posterior wall is formed by the aponeuroses of half the internal oblique and of the transversus abdominus.Approximately midway between the umbilicus and the pubic symphysis, all of the aponeuroses move to the anterior wall of the rectus sheath. At this point, there is no posterior wall to the sheath; the rectus abdominus is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia.The area of transition between having a posterior wall, and no posterior wall is known as the arcuate line (is an arch of fibers)Innervation1.External oblique-anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerve (T7 to T12)2.Internal oblique- anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerve (T7 to T12) andL13.Transversus abdominis- anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerve (T7 to T12)and L14.Anterior rami of lower 7 thoracic spinal nerve ( T7 to T12)5.Anterior ramus of T12Origin and insertion1.External obliqueOrigin: lower 8 ribs (rib 5-12)Insertion: lateral lip of iliac crest, aponeurosis ending in linea alba2.Internal obliqueOrigin: thoracolumbar fascia, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, iliac crestInsertion: inferior border of 3 or 4 ribs, aponeurosis in linea alba,pubic crest and pectineal line3.Transversus abdominisOrigin: thoracolumbar fascia, medial lip of iliac crest, 1/3 of ingiúinal ligament, costal cartilage, lower 6 ribs (rib 7-12)Insertion: aponeurosis end in linea alba4.Rectus abdominisOrigin: pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysisInsertion: costal cartilage(rib 5-7)5.PyramidalisOrigin: its base on the pubis and pubic symphysisInsertion: its apex is attached to linea alba superiorly and mediallyFunctionExternal oblique: flex the trunk, lateral flexion, rotation of the vertebrae → turning anterior part of abdomen to OPPOSITE sideInternal oblique: flex the trunk, lateral flexion, rotation of the vertebrae → turning anterior part of abdomen to SAME sideTransversus abdominis: compress abdominal contents. Because of the transverse fibers this muscle can’t help with flexion of vertebraeRectus abdominis: flex vertebral column, tense abdominal wallPyramidalis: tense linea albaPopliteal fossaThe popliteal fossa is formed byThe margins of the upper part of the fossa:Medially: distal ends of semi-tendinosus and semi-membranosus muscleLaterally: by distal end of biceps femoris muscleThe margins of the lower part of the fossa:Medially: medial head of gasrtocnemius muscleLaterally: lateral head of gasrtocnemius muscle and plantaris muscle.Roof of the fossa: formed by deep fasciaFloor of the fossa: formed by the capsule of the knee joint, and a little bit of the femur and tibia, and more inferiorly by the popliteus muscle.Contents: popliteal artery and vein, and tibial and common fibular nerves.Medially of the fossa: artery (even most deep=hard to palpate). In the middle of the fossa: vein. Laterally of the fossa: nerve (The nerves are the most superficial of the fossa)The tibial nerve: desends through the fossa—exit to the medial margin of the plantaris and out of there→then it enters the posterior aspect of the LegCommon fibular nerve: follows the tendon of biceps femoris in the lateral margin of the fossa→ continuo to the lateral side of the fibula →enters lateral aspect of the Leg.Popliteal artery: is the major blood supply of leg and foot. It passes in the posterior compartment of the leg, and lies between the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles.It passes under a tendinous arch (between fibula and tibia head) →then it reaches the posterior aspect of the leg and there is divides to anterior and posterior tibial artery.Anterior: passes through aperture in the interosseous membrane. supply anterior compartment of the leg and connineous to the dorsal aspect of the foot.Posterior:supply posterior and lateral compartments of the leg. It has 2 branches: circumflex fibular artery+fibular artery-----------The thoracic cavityThe thoracic cavity is enclosed by the thoracic wall and the diaphragm below. The diaphragm is subdivided into 3 major compartments: left & right pleural cavity, each surrounding a lung, and mediastium.MediastiumIt’s a central partition that separates th e 2 pleural cavities that encloses each lung.It extends from the sternum to the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and from the superior thoracic aperture to the diaphragm(inferior thoracic aperture)Borders of the mediastium:Lateral: It’s made by the med ial aspect of the parietal pleuraInferior: formed by the diaphragmSuperior: formed by the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)Posterior: formed by the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae.The mediastium contains:∙The heart∙Thymus gland∙Pericardial sac∙The trachea, and the major arteries and veinsThe mediastium is separated into the superior mediastium and inferior mediastium. It’s a horizontal plane passing through the sterna angle and the intervertebral disc between T-4 and T-5 that seperates the mediastium.Inferior mediastiumThe inferior part is further subdivided into anterior, middle and posterior mediastium. It’s divided by the pericardium, that encloses the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart.The anterior: lies between the sternum and the pericardiumThe posterior: lies between the pericardium( that encloses the heart) and the thoracic vertebrae.The middle: the pericardium and the heart is the middle mediastium.Anterior mediastiumPosterior to the sternum, anterior to the pericardial sacBorders:∙Superior border: a line from the sterna angle to the intervertebral disc between T-4 and T-5 vertebrae (seperates it from the superior mediastium)∙Inferior border: diaphragm∙Lateral border: bordered by the mediastinal part of parietal pleura on either side.Contents: a portion of thymus, fat, lymphnodes, connective tissue, thoracic vessels and ligament.Posterior mediastiumPosterior to the pericardial sac and diaphragm, anterior to the thoracic vertebraeBorders∙Superior: a line from the sterna angle to the intervertebral disc between T-4 and T-5 vertebrae (seperates it from the superior mediastium)∙Inferior: diaphragm∙Laterally: bordered by the mediastinal part of parietal pleura on either side.Middle mediastiumThe pericardium is a fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the major vessels. It’s composed of two things:1.Fibrous pericardium- tough connective tissue-defines the boundaries of the middlemediastium- innervated by the frenic nerve and supplied by the peri-cardiaco-phrenic vessels2.Serous pericardium-thin and consist of two layers: parietal layer→lines the innersurface of the fibrous percarium. The other layer is: viscerallayer(epicardium)→forms the hearts outer covering.Vessels & nervesPericardium is supplied by branches of:1.Internal thoracic artery2.Peri-cardiaco-phrenic artery3.Musculophrenic artery4.Inferior phrenic arteryNerves: pericardium is inntervated by branches of the vagus nerve (X), the symphatic trunks and the phrenic nerves.The parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium come together at the roots of the great vessels. The space between them contains a fluid called the pericardial cavity.This space allows for the uninhibited movement of the heart.Superior mediastium: posterior to the manubrium of the sternum and anterior to the first 4 thoracic vertebrae.The boundaries:Superiorly: an oblique plane passing from the jagular notch to the upper border of the first thoracic vertebraeInferiorly:a plane passng from sterna angle to the intervertebral disc between T-4 and T-5 (separates it from the inferior mediastium)Laterally: it is bordere by the mediastinal part of the parietal pleura on either side.It includes following structures:1.Thymus2.Trachea3.Thoracic duct4.Superior vena cava5.Left superior intercostals vein6.Left recurrent laryngeal branch of the left vagus nerve7.Right and left brachio-cephalic veins8.Arch of the aorta with its 3 large branches9.Esophagus10.Vagus nerve11.Phrenic nerve12.Other small nerves, vessels and lymphatics.Pleural cavitiesOne on either side of the mediastiumSuperiorly the extend above the first rib, into the root of the neckInferiorly they extend to the level just above the costal margin.Medially it is bordered by the mediastium.Each pleura is divided into 2 major types, based on location:Parietal pleura-associated with the walls of the pleural cavityVisceral pleura-the line that surround each lung, adheres and cover the lung.The pleural cavity is a space enclosed by the 2 pleura types. In the space there are a serous fluid.Parietal pleura3 parts: pleura related to the ribs and intercostals space is: the costal partPleura covering the diaphragm is: the diaphragmatic partPleura covering the mediastium is: the mediastinal partHilum of lung: it on the medial side of the lung, where the root of the lung is. It’s on the level of T-5 to T-7. Here the pleura from the upper and lower part is not attached to each other. From here structures like vessels, nerves, airway, lymphatics pass through between lung and mediastium. Here the mediastinal pleura is attached directly to the visceral pleura (no parietal pleura between).Only the parietal pleura is innervated and we can feel pain, the visceral is not innervated and we can’t feel pain there.Visceral pleuraIt’s attached to the surface of lung. The visceral is continuous with the parietal at the hilum of lung.Pleural recessesThe lungs do not completely fill the anterior/posterior inferior regions of the pleural cavities. This result in recess in which 2 parietal cavities face each other.During forced inspiration the lungs can extend into these regions (fills the regions). There are 2 kind of recesses: costomediastinal recess and costodiaphragmatic recessCostomediastinal recess: occurs on the medially but more on the inferior aspect, where costal pleura faces the mediastinal pleura. The largest recess is on the left side.costodiaphragmatic recess: the lagest and most important recess, which occurs between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura. The recess’s boundaries is the inferior margin of the lung to the inferior margin of the pleural cavity.After forced expiration: the recess is deppest. After forced inspiration: the recess is shallowest (thinnest)。
小学上册第十二次英语第一单元测验卷
小学上册英语第一单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The ________ (compass) shows directions.2.The ____ is often seen in gardens foraging for food.3.Which fruit is red and often used in pies?A. BananaB. CherryC. OrangeD. Kiwi4.What is the capital of Iceland?A. ReykjavikB. OsloC. HelsinkiD. CopenhagenA Reykjavik5.The sun is shining ________.6.The Earth's structure can be understood through the study of ______ waves.7.The horse gallops across the ______.8.helps plants to __________ (生长). Sunlight9.The __________ is the part of a plant that absorbs sunlight.10.I want to _______ (去探访) a farm.11.The __________ (法国大革命) changed France's political landscape.12.We should _____ (encourage) pollinator habitats.13.The ________ can live in water.14.My grandmother is a __________ (历史学家).15. A circuit breaker protects against electric ______.16.The squirrel gathers nuts before _________. (冬天)17.What do we call the person who teaches in school?A. DoctorB. TeacherC. ChefD. Artist18.ers bloom only at ______. (有些花只在夜间开放。
Spinning superstrings at two loops strong-coupling corrections to dimensions of large-twist
2
shall focus on the first possibility, i.e. on the “semiclassical scaling small” limit or SCSS (called “slow long string limit” in [11])1 SCSS : ℓ=
1 π
R. Roibana,b, 1 and A.A. Tseytlinb,c, 2 Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 , USA b The Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, U.K. c Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
a
1 2
radu@ Also at Lebedev Institute, Moscoion
The spinning folded closed string state in AdS5 for which the difference between the energy E and the spin S scales as ln S [1] played a remarkable role in the recent progress in the quantitative understanding of the AdS/CFT duality (see, e.g., [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]). With spin J in S 5 added [2], this state can be thought of as being dual to Tr(D S ΦJ ) operators in the sl(2) sector of the N = 4 SYM theory, interpolating between the near-BMN operators for √ J ≫ S and small-twist operators for small J . The resulting quantum string energy E (S, J, λ) (or the gauge theory anomalous dimension ∆ = E − S − J ) is a non-trivial function of three arguments that can be explored in various limits, uncovering and testing important features of the underlying Bethe ansatz [8]. Our aim here will to compute the 2-loop string correction to this energy in an important J -dependent scaling limit [5, 11], extending earlier 2-loop result found in the J = 0 case [13, 16], and to compare it to the prediction made recently in [14] on the basis of a conjectured relation of this scaling limit to the O (6) sigma model. √ Let us begin by reviewing what is known about E (S, J, λ) in various relevant limits. String 1 with the semiclassical expansion can be organized as an expansion in the inverse tension or √ λ S J semiclassical parameters S = √ , J =√ (or “frequencies”) being kept fixed [2, 11] λ λ E = √ √ 1 1 1 λ E (S , J , √ ) = λ E0 (S , J ) + √ E1 (S , J ) + √ E2 (S , J ) + ... . λ λ ( λ )2 (1)
郁金香浅绿色手绘文艺清新2月你好PPT模板
工作不足之处
Lorem Ipsum Dolor Sit Amet, Consectetuer Adipiscing Elit. Aenean Commodo Ligula Egret Dolor. Cum Sociis Antiques Penatibus Et Magness Dis Parturient Montes
PART 01
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工作总结/述职报告
目录
CONTENTS
01 年度工作概述 Please Add Your Title Here.
03 工作不足之处 Please Add Your Title Here.
02 工 作 完 成 情 况 Please Add Your Title Here.
04 未来工作计划 Please Add Your Title Here.
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研究生复试常考解剖学名词含音标
常用５００个解剖学名词human anatomy [ ] 人体解剖学anatomical position [ ]解剖学姿势superior [ ] 上inferior [ ] 下anterior [ ] 前posterior [ ]后ventral [ ]腹侧dorsal [ ] 背侧medial [ ]内侧lateral [ ] 外侧ulnar [ ] 尺侧radial [ ] 桡侧tibial [ ] 胫侧fibular [ ] 腓侧internal [ ]内external [ ]外superficial [ ]浅deep(或profound) [ ]深proximal [ ]近侧distal [ ] 远侧sagittal plane [ ] 矢状面coronal plane [ ] 冠状面frontal plane [ ] 额状面transverse plane [ ]横切面horizontal plane [ ]水平面locomotor system 运动系统locomotor system [ ] 运动系统osteology [ ] 骨学bone [ ] 骨pneumatic bone [ ] 含气骨bony substance [ ] 骨质bone marrow [ ] 骨髓periosteum [ ] 骨膜articular cartilage [ ] 关节软骨vertebra [ ] 椎骨vertebral body [ ]椎体vertebral arch [ ]椎弓vertebral foramen [ ] 椎孔vertebral canal [ ]椎管intervertebral foramen[ ] 椎间孔cervical vertebra [ ] 颈椎thoracic vertebra [ ] 胸椎lumbar vertebra [ ] 腰椎sacrum [ ] 骶骨coccyx [ ]尾骨transverse foramen[ ] 横突孔sacral horn [ ] 骶角sternum [ ] 胸骨sternal angle [ ]胸骨角jugular notch [ ] 颈静脉切迹xiphoid process [ ]剑突costa [ ] 肋rib [ ] 肋骨costal cartilage [ ] 肋软骨clavicle [ ] 锁骨scapula [ ] 肩胛骨glenoid cavity [ ] 关节盂coracoid process [ ] 喙突acromion [ ] 肩峰humerus [ ] 肱骨greater tubercle [ ]大结节trochlea of humerus[ ][ ]肱骨滑车capitulum of humerus [ ] 肱骨小头medial epicondyle [ ] 内上髁lateral epicondyle [ ] 外上髁ulna [ ]尺骨olecranon [ ] 鹰嘴radius [ ] 桡骨styloid process of radius[ ][ ] 桡骨茎突carpus [ ] 腕骨metacarpus [ ] 掌骨phalanx of hand [ ]指骨hip bone [ ] 髋骨acetabulum [ ] 髋臼obturator foramen[ ] 闭孔ilium [ ]髂骨iliac crest [ ] 髂嵴anterior superior iliac spine[ ] 髂前上棘ischium [ ] 坐骨ischial tuberosity [ ] 坐骨结节pubis [ ] 耻骨pubic tubercle [ ] 耻骨结节femur [ ] 股骨greater trochanter [ ] 大转子medial condyle [ ]内上髁lateral condyle [ ] 外上髁patella [ ]髌骨tibia [ ] 胫骨tuberosity of tibia [ ][ ] 胫骨粗隆medial malleolus [ ] 内踝fibula [ ]腓骨tarsus [ ]跗骨metatarsus [ ]跖骨phalanx of foot [ ][ ] 趾骨bones of cranium [ ] 颅骨frontal bone [ ] 额骨parietal bone [ ]顶骨occipital bone [ ]枕骨temporal bone [ ] 颞骨ethmoid bone [ ] 筛骨sphenoid bone [ ] 蝶骨maxilla [ ]上颌骨mandible [ ] 下颌骨foramen magnum[ ]枕骨大孔groove for sigmoid sinus[ ][ ] 乙状窦沟petrous part of temporal bone[ ][ ]颞骨岩部orbit [ ] 眶nasal concha [ ] 鼻甲nasal meatus [ ] 鼻道paranasal sinus [ ] 鼻旁窦zygomatic arch [ ] 颧弓mastoid process [ ]乳突external occipital protuberance[ ]枕外隆凸bony joint [ ]骨连结articular surface [ ]关节面articular capsule [ ]关节囊articular cavity [ ] 关节腔ligament [ ] 韧带articular disc [ ]关节盘articular meniscus [ ] 半月板flexion [ ] 屈extention [ ] 伸adduction [ ]内收abduction [ ] 外展rotation [ ] 旋转circumduction [ ]环转vertebral column [ ]脊柱intervertebral disc [ ] 椎间盘thorax [ ]胸廓costal arch [ ] 肋弓shoulder joint [ ] 肩关节elbow joint [ ] 肘关节symphysis pubis [ ] 耻骨联合greater sciatic foramen[ ] 坐骨大孔pelvis [ ]骨盆hip joint [ ]髋关节knee joint [ ] 膝关节patellar ligament [ ]髌韧带myology [ ]肌学skeletal muscle [ ]骨胳肌smooth muscle [ ] 平滑肌cardiac muscle [ ] 心肌tendon [ ] 肌腱fascia [ ] 筋膜trapezius [ ]斜方肌latissimus dorsi [l ] 背阔肌erector spina [ ] 竖脊肌pectoralis major [ ]胸大肌abdomiual rectus muscle[ ] 腹直肌diaphragm [ ]膈inguinal ligament [ ]腹股沟韧带sternocleidomastoid[ ] 胸锁乳突肌deltoid [ ] 三角肌biceps brachii [ ]肱二头肌triceps brachii [ ]肱三头肌psoas major [ ] 腰大肌gluteus maximus [ ] 臀大肌piriformis [ ] 梨状肌quadriceps femoris[ ] 股四头肌femoral triangle [ ] 股三角triceps surae[ ][ ]小腿三头肌viscera 内脏viscera [ ] 内脏digestive system [ ] 消化系统mucous membrane [ ] 粘膜midclavicular line [ ] 锁骨中线midaxillary line [ ] 腋中线scapular line [ ] 肩胛线hypochondriac region [ ] 季肋区epigastric region [ ] 腹上区hypogastric region [ ] 腹下区umbilical region [ ] 脐区oral cavity [ ] 口腔palate [ ] 腭palatine uvula [ ] 腭垂palatine tonsil [ ] 腭扁桃体isthmus of fauces [ ][ ] 咽峡tooth [ ] 牙incisor [ ] 切牙molar [ ] 磨牙deciduous teeth [ ] 乳牙permanent teeth [ ] 恒牙tongue [ ] 舌parotid gland [ ] 腮腺pharynx [ ] 咽pharyngeal recess [ ] 咽隐窝esophagus [ ] 食管stomach [ ] 胃cardial opening [ ]贲门pylorus [ ] 幽门small intestine [ ] 小肠duodenum [ ] 十二指肠jejunum [ ] 空肠ileum [ ] 回肠large intestine [ ] 大肠cecum [ ] 盲肠appendix vermiformis[ ] 阑尾colon [ ] 结肠rectum [ ] 直肠ampulla of rectum [ ] 直肠壶腹anus [ ] 肛门pectinate line [ ] 齿状线anal sphincter [ ] 肛门括约肌liver [ ] 肝porta hepatis [ ] 肝门gallbladder [ ] 胆囊common bile duct [ ] 胆总管pancreas [ ] 胰peritoneum [ ] 腹膜parietal peritoneum[ ] 壁腹膜visceral peritoneum[ ] 脏腹膜omentum [ ] 网膜mesentary [ ] 肠系膜respiratory system [ ] 呼吸系统nose [ ] 鼻larynx [ ] 喉laryngeal prominence[ ] 喉结trachea [ ] 气管bronchus [ ] 支气管lung [ ] 肺hilus of lung [ ] 肺门pleura [ ] 胸膜mediastinum [ ] 纵隔thyroid[ ] cartilage甲状软骨cricoid[ ]环状软骨arytenoid[ ]杓状软骨vestibular[ ]前庭的glottis[ ]声门oblique fissure [ ]斜裂urinary system [ ] 泌尿系统kidney [ ] 肾renal cortex [ ] 肾皮质renal medulla [ ] 肾髓质calyces [ ] 肾盏renal pelvis[ ] 肾盂ureter [ ] 输尿管urinary bladder [ ] 膀胱trigone of bladder [ ] 膀胱三角urethra [ ] 尿道reproductive system [ ] 生殖系统testis [ ] 睾丸epididymis [ ] 附睾deferens duct [ ] 输精管ejaculatory duct [ ] 射精管spermatic cord [ ] 精索seminal vesicle [ ] 精囊腺prostate [ ] 前列腺scrotum [ ] 阴囊penis [ ] 阴茎ovary [ ] 卵巢uterine tube [ ] 输卵管uterus [ ] 子宫fundus of uterus [ ] 子宫底cervix of uterus [ ] 子宫颈vagina [ ] 阴道fornix of vagina [ ] 阴道穹hymen [ ] 处女膜female pudendum [ ] 女阴labia majora [ ] 大阴唇labia minova [ ] 小阴唇vaginal vestibule[ ] 阴道前庭clitoris [ ] 阴蒂mamma [ ] 乳房mammary nipple [ ] 乳头areola of breast [ ] 乳晕perineum [ ] 会阴pelvic diaphragm [ ] 盆膈urogenital diaphragm [ ] 尿生殖膈circulatory system 循环系统circulatory system [ ] 循环系统cardiovascular system[ ] 心血管系heart [ ] 心artery [ ] 动脉blood capillary [ ] 毛细血管vein [ ] 静脉systemic circuit [ ] 体循环pulmonary circuit [ ] 肺循环collateral circulation[ ] 侧支循环interatrial septum [ ] 房间隔interventricular septum[ ] 室间隔right atrium [ ] 右心房right auricle [ ] 右心耳oval fossa[ ] 卵圆窝atrioventricular orifice[ ] 房室口right ventricle [ ] 右心室tricuspid valve [ ] 三尖瓣pulmonary valve [ ] 肺动脉瓣left atrium [ ] 左心房left ventricle [ ] 左心室bicuspid valve[ ] 二尖瓣aortic orifice [ ] 主动脉口aortic valve [ ] 主动脉瓣endocardium [ ] 心内膜epicardium [ ] 心外膜sinoatrial node [ ] 窦房结atrioventricular node [ ] 房室结coronary artery [ ] 冠状动脉coronary sinus [ ] 冠状窦pericardium [ ] 心包serous pericardium[ ] 浆膜心包pulmonary trunk [ ] 肺动脉干arterial duct [ ] 动脉导管aorta [ ] 主动脉ascending aorta [ ] 升主动脉arch of aorta [ ][ ] 主动脉弓descending aorta [ ] 降主动脉thoracic aorta [ ] 胸主动脉abdominal aorta [ ] 腹主动脉brachiocephalic trunk[ ] 头臂干common carotid artery[ ] 颈总动脉subclavian artery [ ] 锁骨下动脉axillary artery [ ] 腋动脉brachial artery [ ] 肱动脉radial artery [ ] 桡动脉celiac trunk [ ] 腹腔干superior mesenteric artery[ ] 肠系膜上动脉inferior mesenteric artery [ ]肠系膜下动脉testicular artery [ ] 睾丸动脉ovarian artery [ ] 卵巢动脉femoral artery [ ] 股动脉popliteal artery [ ] 腘动脉superior vena cava [ ] 上腔静脉venous angle [ ] 静脉角internal jugular vein[ ] 颈内静脉cephalic vein [ ] 头静脉basilic vein [ ] 贵要静脉median cubital vein[ ] 肘正中静脉azygos vein [ ] 奇静脉inferior vena cava [ ] 下腔静脉great saphenous vein [ ] 大隐静脉small saphenous vein [ ] 小隐静脉portal vein [ ] 门静脉lymphatic system [ ] 淋巴系统lymph node [ ] 淋巴结thoracic duct [ ] 胸导管right lymphatic duct [ ] 右淋巴导管spleen [ ] 脾splenic notch [ ] 脾切迹endocrine system内分泌系endocrine system [ ] 内分泌系统thyroid gland [ ] 甲状腺parathyroid gland [ ] 甲状旁腺suprarenal gland [ ] 肾上腺hypophysis [ ] 垂体pineal body [ ] 松果体thymus [ ] 胸腺sense organ感觉器sense organ [ ] 感觉器visual organ [ ] 视器eyeball [ ] 眼球cornea [ ] 角膜sclera [ ] 巩膜iris [ ] 虹膜pupil [ ] 瞳孔ciliary body [ ] 睫状体choroid [ ] 脉络膜retina [ ] 视网膜macula [ ] 黄斑central fovea [ ] 中央凹aqueous humor [ ] 房水lens [ ] 晶状体vitreous body [ ] 玻璃体eyelid(或palpebra) [ ] [ ] 睑conjunctiva [ ] 结膜lacrimal apparatus [ ] 泪器extraocular muscles [ ] 眼球外肌vestibulocochlear organ[ ] 前庭蜗器ear [ ] 耳auricle [ ] 耳郭auricular lobule [ ] 耳垂external acoustic meatus[ ] 外耳道tympanic membrane[ ] 鼓膜tympanic cavity [ ] 鼓室auditory tube [ ] 咽鼓管mastoid cells [ ] 乳突小房bony labyrinth [ ] 骨迷路membranous labyrinth[ ] 膜迷路cochlea [ ] 耳蜗macula of utricle [ ][ ] 椭圆囊斑macula of saccule [ ][ ] 球囊斑spiral organ [ ] 螺旋器nervous system 神经系统nervous system [ ] 神经系统central nervous system [ ] 中枢神经系peripheral nervous system [ ] 周围神经系somatic nervous system [ ] 躯体神经系visceral nervous system [ ] 内脏神经系neuron [ ] 神经元neuroglia [ ] 神经胶质dendrite [ ] 树突axon [ ] 轴突pseudo-unipolar neuron[ ] 假单极神经元bipolar neuron [ ] 双极神经元multipolar neuron [ ] 多极神经元afferent neuron [ ] 传入神经元efferent neuron [ ] 传出神经元intercalated neuron [ ] 中间神经元synapse [ ] 突触reflex [ ] 反射reflex arc [ ] 反射弧receptor [ ] 感受器sensory nerve [ ] 感觉神经motor nerve [ ] 运动神经effector [ ] 效应器grey matter [ ] 灰质white matter [ ] 白质nervous nucleus [ ] 神经核conductive tract [ ] 传导束nerve [ ] 神经spinal cord [ ] 脊髓cervical enlargement[ ] 颈膨大lumbosacral enlargement[ ] 腰骶膨大spinal segment [ ] 脊髓节段ventral root [ ] 前根dorsal root [ ] 后根spinal ganglion [ ] 脊神经节anterior funiculus [ ] 前索lateral funiculus [ ] 外侧索posterior funiculus [ ] 后索gracile fasciculus [ ] 薄束cuneate fasciculus [ ] 楔束spinothalamic fasciculus[ ] 脊髓丘脑束corticospinal tract[ ] 皮质脊髓束spinal nerve [ ] 脊神经ventral ramus [ ] 前支dorsal ramus [ ] 后支cervical plexus [ ] 颈丛brachial plexus [ ] 臂丛lumbar plexus [ ] 腰丛sacral plexus [ ] 骶丛phrenic nerve [ ] 膈神经ulnar nerve [ ]尺神经median nerve [ ] 正中神经musculocutaneous nerve[ ] 肌皮神经radial nerve [ ] 桡神经intercostal nerve [ ] 肋间神经femoral nerve [ ] 股神经saphenous nerve [ ] 隐神经obturator nerve [ ] 闭孔神经sciatic nerve [ ] 坐骨神经tibial nerve [ ] 胫神经common peroneal nerve[ ] 腓总神经pudendal nerve [ ] 阴部神经brain [ ] 脑medulla oblongata [ ] 延髓pons [ ] 脑桥midbrain [ ] 中脑cerebellum [ ] 小脑diencephalon [ ] 间脑cerebrum [ ] 大脑telencephalon [ ] 端脑brain stem [ ] 脑干fourth ventricle [ ] 第四脑室pyramid [ ] 锥体decussation of the pyramids [ ] 锥体交叉rhomboid fossa [ ] 菱形窝cerebral peduncle [ ] 大脑脚pyramidal tract [ ] 锥体束corticonuclear tract[ ] 皮质核束medial lemniscus[ ] 内侧丘系spinal lemniscus [ ] 脊髓丘系trigeminal lemniscus[ ] 三叉丘系reticular formation[ ] 网状结构dorsal thalamus [ ] 背侧丘脑metathalamus [ ] 后丘脑medial geniculate body [ ] 内侧膝状体lateral geniculate body [ ] 外侧膝状体hypothalamus [ ] 下丘脑optic chiasm [ ] 视交叉optic tract [ ] 视束cerebral hemisphere[ ] 大脑半球corpus callosum [ ] 胼胝体precentral gyrus[ ] 中央前回postcentral gyrus[ ] 中央后回transverse temporal gyri[ ] 颞横回calcarine sulcus [ ] 距状沟cerebral cortex [ ] 大脑皮质cerebral medulla [ ] 大脑髓质basilar nucleus [ ] 基底核corpus striatum [ ] 纹状体caudate nucleus [ ] 尾状核lenticular nucleus [ ] 豆状核internal capsule [ ] 内囊cranial nerve [ ] 脑神经olfactory nerve [ ] 嗅神经optic nerve [ ] 视神经oculomotor nerve [ ] 动眼神经trochlear nerve [ ] 滑车神经trigeminal nerve [ ] 三叉神经abducent nerve [ ] 展神经facial nerve [ ] 面神经vestibulocochlear nerve[ ] 前庭蜗神经glossopharyngeal nerve[ ] 舌咽神经vagus nerve [ ] 迷走神经accessory nerve [ ] 副神经hypoglossal nerve [ ] 舌下神经nervous pathway[ ] 神经传导通路autonomic nervous system[ ] 自主神经系sympathetic nervous system[ ] 交感神经parasympathetic nervous system[ ] 副交感神经sympathetic trunk [ ] 交感干stellate ganglion [ ] 星状神经节dura mater [ ] 硬膜arachnoid [ ] 蛛网膜pia mater [ ] 软膜epidural space [ ] 硬膜外腔cavernous sinus [ ] 海绵窦subarachnoid space[ ] 蛛网膜下腔cerebrospinal fluid[ ] 脑脊液lateral ventricle [ ] 侧脑室vertebral artery [ ] 椎动脉basilar artery [ ] 基底动脉。
25分的英语续写评分标准
---Introduction (1 Point)- Clarity of Purpose (0.5 Point): Does the introduction clearly state the purpose of the continuation? Is the reader immediately aware of the context and the direction the story is taking?- Relevance to Original Text (0.5 Point): Does the introduction effectively link back to the original text, ensuring a seamless transition from the original story to the continuation?Plot Development (7 Points)- Consistency (2 Points): Is the plot development consistent with the established setting and characters? Do new events or twists logically follow from the previous narrative?- Originality (2 Points): Does the continuation introduce new ideas or twists that add depth to the story? Is there a sense of originality in the plot progression?- Coherence (2 Points): Are the events in the continuation logically connected? Do they contribute to the overall narrative without introducing unnecessary confusion?- Pacing (1 Point): Does the continuation maintain an appropriate pace? Is there a balance between action, dialogue, and description that keeps the reader engaged?Character Development (6 Points)- Depth (2 Points): Do the characters in the continuation display new layers or complexities? Are their actions and reactions believable and consistent with their established personalities?- Interaction (2 Points): How do the characters interact with each other and with the environment? Do these interactions add to the story's depth and tension?- Dialogue (2 Points): Is the dialogue realistic and character-specific? Does it advance the plot or reveal something significant about the characters?- Arc (2 Points): Does the continuation contribute to the overall character arc, moving the characters towards their ultimate goals or changes?Language and Style (6 Points)- Vocabulary (2 Points): Does the continuation use a varied and appropriate vocabulary? Are there any instances of inappropriate or overly complex words?- Grammar and Syntax (2 Points): Is the grammar and syntax correct throughout the continuation? Are there any errors that distract from the reading experience?- Style (2 Points): Does the continuation have a consistent style? Does the author's voice come through clearly, and is there a sense of rhythm and flow?- Descriptive Language (2 Points): Is the continuation well-descriptive, using language to paint pictures in the reader's mind? Does the description enhance the narrative and setting?Conventions and Mechanics (4 Points)- Formatting (1 Point): Is the continuation properly formatted, with clear paragraphs and appropriate spacing?- Citations (1 Point): If there are any direct quotes or references to external sources, are they properly cited?- Punctuation (1 Point): Is the punctuation used correctly and consistently throughout the continuation?- Capitalization (1 Point): Is the capitalization used correctly, especially for proper nouns and the beginning of sentences?Conclusion (1 Point)- Resolution (0.5 Point): Does the continuation effectively resolve or advance the story's main conflict or questions?- Tension (0.5 Point): Does the continuation leave the reader with a sense of anticipation or curiosity about what will happen next?---Total Points: 25This scoring criteria is designed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the continuation writing. Each category is weighted to reflect its importance in creating a compelling and well-crafted piece of writing. The total score will be determined by the sum of points awarded in each category, with the understanding that a high score indicates a continuation that is both engaging and well-executed.。
大脑结构名词中英对照
大脑结构名词中英文对照(2009-10-02 16:04:05)转载标签：杂谈安蒙氏角Ammoms horn白质white matter背内侧丘脑dorsalmedial thalamus背外侧通路dorsallateral pathway背外侧膝状核dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus 被盖tegmentum被盖背束dorsal tegmental bundle被盖腹区ventral tegmental area边缘皮质limbic cortex边缘系统limbic system布洛卡区Broca%26;s area苍白球globus pallidus侧脑室lateral ventricle齿状回dentate gyrus穿质通路perforant path传出纤维efferent fibers传入纤维afferent fibers大脑半球cerebral hemisphere大脑导水管cerebral aqueduct导水管四周灰质periaqueductal grey matter第三脑室third ventricle第四脑室fourth ventricles顶盖tectum顶盖脊髓束tectospinal tract顶盖枕核系统tectopulvinar system顶叶parietal lobes豆状核lentiform nucleus端脑telecephalon额眶皮质orbital frontal cortex额叶frontal lobe额叶岛盖frontal operculum耳蜗核cochlear nucleus二级投射区sencondary projection area非特异性投射系统nonspecific projecting system 缝际核raphe nucleus伏核nucleus accumbens腹内侧通路ventraomedial pathway腹内侧下丘脑ventromedial hypothalamus隔区septal area弓状核arcuate nucleus弓状束arcuate fasciculus沟sulcus钩束uncinate faciculus孤束核solitary nucleus海马hippocampus海马结构hippocampus formation海马伞fimbria黑质substantia nigra黑质纹状体束nigrotriatal bundles红核red nucleus红核束rubrospinal tract后脑metencephalon灰质gray substance基底神经节basal ganglia基底外侧核群basolateral nuclear group间脑diencephalon交叉decussation角回angular gyrus旧纹状体（苍白球）paleostriatum距状裂calcarine fissure壳核putamen扣带cingulum扣带回cingulate gyrus扣带回皮质cingulate cortex蓝斑locus coeruleus连合commissure联络皮质associative cortex裂fissure菱脑rhombencephalon漏斗infundibulum颅腔endocast脉络丛choroid plexus梅纳特基底核（无名质）basal nucleus of Meynert 末脑myelencephalon内侧前脑束medial forebrain bundle内侧膝状体medial geniculate nucleus内囊internal capsule内嗅皮质entorhinal cortex脑干brain stem脑干网状结构brainstem reticular formation脑化encephalization脑化指数encephalization index脑回gyrus脑脊膜meninges脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid脑桥pons脑室ventricles颞平台planum temporale颞叶temporal lobe旁臂核parabranchial nucleus旁室核paraventricular nucleus皮质脊髓侧束lateral corticospinal tract皮质脊髓前束ventral corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束corticospinal system皮质脊髓通路cortcospinal pathway皮质内侧核群corticomedial nuclear group皮质下subcortex皮质延髓束corticobulbar tract胼胝体corpus callosum前额皮质prefrontal cortex前脑proseucephalon前脑基底大细胞核magnocellular nucleus of the basal forebrain 前下托presubiculum穹窿fornix穹窿下器官subfornical organ丘colliculus丘脑thalamus丘脑腹后核ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus丘脑腹外侧核ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus丘脑前核anterior nucleus thalamus丘系系统lemniscal system躯体感觉皮质somatosensory cortex躯体感觉区somatosensory area乳头丘脑束mammillothalamic tract乳头体mammillary body软脑膜pia matter塞尔维氏裂Sylvian fissure三级投射区tertiary projection area上橄榄核群superior olivary complex上丘superior colliculus上丘脑epithalamus神经核nucleus视顶盖optic tectum视放核optical radiation视交叉上核suprachiasmatic nucleus视觉背侧系统dorsal system of visual function 视觉腹侧系统ventral system of visual function 视觉皮质（枕极）visual cortex视前内侧区medial preoptic area视前区preoptic area视上核supraoptic nucleus室周器官circumventricular organ松果体corpus pineale髓板medullary lamina髓质medullary substances or medulla特异性投射系统specific projecting system听觉皮质auditory cortex听觉皮质auditory cortex外侧丘系lateral lemniscus外侧膝状体lateral geniculate nucleus外侧膝状体纹皮质系统geniculostriate system 外侧下丘脑lateral hypothalamus area外囊external capsuale网状脊髓束reticulospinal tract网状结构reticular formation维尔尼克区Wernicke area尾状核caudate nucleus纹前皮质prestriate cortex纹状皮质striate cortex纹状区striate area下颞皮质inferior temporal cortex下丘inferior colliculus下丘脑hypothalamus下托subiculum小脑cerebellum小脑上脚superior cerebella peduncle小脑小叶cerebellar folia小细胞神经分泌系统parvocellular neurosecretory system 新纹状体neostriatum杏仁核amygdala杏仁核腹侧传出通路ventral amygdalofugal pathway性二型核sexually dimorphic nucleus嗅脑rhinencephalon嗅球olfactory bulb延脑medulla oblongata眼优势柱ocular dominance columns一级感觉皮质＝第一感觉区primary sensory cortex一级视觉皮质primary visual cortex一级投射皮质primary projection area一级运动皮质primary motor cortex硬脑膜dura matter运动控制系统motor control system运动皮质motor cortex枕骨大孔occipital foramen枕核pulvinar枕极occipital pole枕角occipital horns枕叶occipital lobe中缝大核nucleus raphe magnus中间块massa intermedia中间皮质mesocortex中脑mesencephalon中心被盖束central tegmental tract中心沟central sulcus中心管central canal中心后回postcentral cortex中心前回precentral gyrus终纹stria terminalis蛛网膜arachnoid蛛网膜下腔subarachnoid锥体区pyramidalis area锥体外运动系统extrapyramidal motor system 锥体运动系统pyramidal motor system。
小学下册第十四次英语第一单元期中试卷
小学下册英语第一单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1 What is the primary color of grass?A. YellowB. GreenC. BlueD. Red答案:B2 The __________ is a famous coastal city.3 What do you call a person who writes stories?A. NovelistB. PoetC. AuthorD. All of the above4 What is 2 + 2?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 6答案: B5 The __________ (历史的探究) broadens horizons.6 My ________ (玩具) is easy to carry around.7 The sunflowers are ______ (tall) and bright.8 I enjoy painting my ________ (玩具类型).9 What do bees collect from flowers?A. NectarB. PollenC. HoneyD. Water答案: A10 The _____ (飞盘) is great for playing outside.11 I enjoy playing ______ (棋盘游戏) with my family during the weekends.12 The __________ was a period of exploration and colonization. (大航海时代)13 The ancient Romans are known for their contributions to ________ (法律).14 The __________ (历史的传承) enriches culture.15 Matter can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and ______.16 The _______ (青蛙) is often found near water sources.17 He is reading a _____ (书).18 The skunk can spray a _______ (臭味).19 What do you call a tool used to measure length?a. Scaleb. Rulerc. Stopwatchd. Compass答案:B20 What do we call a person who repairs cars?A. DoctorB. MechanicC. PilotD. Chef21 The candy is very _______ (sticky).22 The __________ is a famous city known for its beaches and nightlife. (迈阿密)23 A __________ solution has more solute than it can dissolve.24 What is the name of the famous mountain range in South America?A. AndesB. RockiesC. HimalayasD. Alps答案：A25 The chemical symbol for neon is _____.26 What is the main ingredient in pancakes?A. FlourB. SugarC. EggsD. Milk答案:A27 What is the capital city of Mongolia?A. UlaanbaatarB. ErdenetD. Choibalsan28 What do you call a person who sells goods?A. MerchantB. BuyerC. CustomerD. Trader答案: A29 The chemical symbol for ruthenium is ______.30 The invention of the microscope opened doors in _____.31 I see _____ (星星) at night.32 What is a common pet that purrs?A. DogB. RabbitC. CatD. Hamster答案: C33 I love ________ (learning) new things.34 The ________ blooms in spring.35 The ________ loves to play.36 A battery stores ______ energy.37 The sun is very ___ (bright) today.38 The weather is ______ today. (nice)39 What do we call the practice of keeping bees?A. BeekeepingC. Honey farmingD. Pollination40 A cheetah is the fastest _______ on land, capable of incredible speed.41 They are going to ________ a movie.42 What do you call a piece of meat from a pig?A. BeefB. ChickenC. PorkD. Lamb答案:C43 I enjoy ___ (reading) before bed.44 What do we call the act of encouraging innovation?A. CreativityB. EntrepreneurshipC. InventionD. All of the Above答案：D45 Who is known for saying "I have a dream"?A. Nelson MandelaB. Martin Luther King Jr.C. Albert EinsteinD. Mahatma Gandhi46 The sun is _____ after the rain. (shining)47 We visit the ______ (博物馆) often.48 My aunt loves to __________. (陪伴)49 Rockets are used to launch spacecraft into ______.50 What is the opposite of 'light'?A. HeavyB. DarkC. BrightD. Clear51 What is a baby frog called?A. CubB. KittenC. TadpoleD. Puppy52 My brother is an excellent __________ (学生).53 The __________ is where most of the world's earthquakes occur. (环太平洋火山带)54 A chemical property describes how a substance ______.55 The ________ (公共设施) support community needs.56 I have a _____ (question/answer) for you.57 A _____ (植物展示) can highlight conservation efforts.58 What do you call a story that is told in verse?A. NovellaB. PoemC. ProseD. Narrative答案: B59 What is the name of the famous British author known for his fantasy novels?A. J.R.R. TolkienB. C.S. LewisC. J.K. RowlingD. All of the above答案:D60 I love reading books. My favorite book is about ________ (动物). It teaches me about ________ (自然).61 How many legs does a cat have?A. TwoB. FourC. SixD. Eight答案:B62 What is the main function of the heart?A. Pump bloodB. Digest foodC. Filter wasteD. Produce hormones答案: A63 trial Revolution began in _____. The Indu64 ________ (植物观察) is a fun hobby.65 The __________ (历史的反思) leads to growth.66 What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. FlourC. MilkD. Water答案:B67 The capital city of Eswatini is ________ (斯威士兰的首都城市是________).68 A _______ is a common houseplant.69 The _____ (小猫) pounces on a toy mouse.70 We like to _______ games at home.71 My _____ (老师) gives us homework every day.72 My sister has a strong interest in __________ (文学).73 What do you call a baby cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CubD. Fawn答案: B74 I enjoy visiting the ________ (文化中心) for classes.75 Which animal is known for its speed?A. TortoiseB. HareC. SlothD. Snail答案:B76 The process of fermentation converts sugar into ______.77 The _____ (绿色) leaves of the plants are very vibrant.78 The __________ is a long area of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.79 The candy is ___ (sour).80 The process of evaporation involves heat and ______.81 A compound that can donate hydroxide ions is called a ______.82 My uncle is a __________ (历史学家).83 What do you call a large, flightless bird?A. EagleB. OstrichC. SparrowD. Penguin84 What is the name of the famous American author known for "Little Women"?A. Louisa May AlcottB. Jane AustenC. Charlotte BrontëD. Emily Dickinson答案：A85 The Pacific Ocean is the largest _______ on Earth.86 She loves to _______ (travel) overseas.87 What is the capital of Brazil?A. Rio de JaneiroB. BrasíliaC. São PauloD. Salvador88 What do we call a scientist who studies the earth and its composition?A. BiologistB. GeologistC. ChemistD. Physicist答案:B89 What do you call a person who repairs pipes?A. ElectricianB. MechanicC. PlumberD. Builder答案:C90 What is the name of the fairy tale character who lost her glass slipper?A. Snow WhiteB. CinderellaC. Little Red Riding HoodD. Rapunzel91 The chemical symbol for rhenium is _____.92 What is the name of the process by which plants lose water?A. TranspirationB. PhotosynthesisC. RespirationD. Germination答案:A93 What is the capital of South Africa?A. Cape TownB. PretoriaC. JohannesburgD. Durban答案:B94 The ancient Greeks built _______ to discuss politics. (集会所)95 We have a ______ (丰富的) series of events planned.96 Certain plants can be used to create natural ______ against pests. (某些植物可以用来创建自然屏障，抵御害虫。
解剖英文单词
glenoid fossa 关节窝,肩臼supraglenoid tubercle 盂上结节acromion 肩峰coracoid process 喙突glenoid labrumcor 浅窝的,盂样的trapezoid conoid ligaments 锥状韧带,圆锥韧带elevationprotraction 拉长,延伸,伸展,前突,前伸upward rotation 旋转,转动;循环bicipital groove 二头肌沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆supraspinatus 冈上肌teres minor 小圆肌rotator cuff 回旋套caraco-brachialis 肱肌levator scapulae 肩胛提肌rhomboid minor 小菱形肌pectoralis 胸的,胸肌omohyoid 肩胛舌骨的,肩胛舌骨肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌deltoid 三角肌,三角形的,三棱的superior thoracic aperture 胸廓上口vertebrae 椎骨anterior scalene muscle 前斜角肌middle scalene muscle 中斜角肌cephalic vein 头静脉internal jugular vein 颈内静脉jugular 颈部的,颈的,颈静脉,颈静脉的brachiocephalic vein 头臂静脉superior vena cava 上腔静脉axillary 分歧轴,腋窝的brachial 臂的,肱的brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干arch of the aorta 主动脉弓transverse cervical artery 颈横动脉suprascapular artery 肩胛上动脉thoraco-acromial artery 胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic artery 胸外侧动脉lower 1/2 of median nerve 正中神经musculo-cutaneous nerve 肌皮神经axillary nerve 腋神经medial pectoral nerve 胸内侧神经lateral pectoral nerve 胸外侧神经thoraco-dorsal nerve 胸背神经dorsal scapular nerve 肩胛背神经long thoracic nerve 胸长神经spinal accessory nerve 脊髓副神经medial epicondyle 内上髁epicondylar ridge 上髁的capitulum 小头,头状部trochlea 滑车olecranon fossa 鹰嘴窝trochlear notch 滑车切迹olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突,喙突ulnar tuberosity 尺骨粗隆radial notch 桡骨尺骨切迹,桡切迹radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆elbow joint 肘关节radial collateral ligament 桡侧副韧带anular ligament 环状韧带ulnar styloid 尺骨茎状triangular fibrocartilage 三角纤维软骨articular disk 关节盘carpal bones 腕骨metacarpals 掌部的,掌的,掌骨scaphoid 舟形骨针lunate 半月形的,新月型的,月骨triquetral 三角的,三角形的pisiform 豆状骨,豌豆状的midcarpal joint 腕骨间关节,腕中关节wrist joint 腕关节radial collateral ligament 桡侧副韧带dorsal radiocarpal ligament 桡腕背侧韧带palmar radiocarpal ligament 桡腕掌侧韧带brachialis 肱肌bicipital aponeurosis 肱二头肌腱膜,二头肌腱膜brachioradialis 肱桡肌triceps 三头肌anconeus 肘肌pronator teres 旋前圆肌pronator quadratus 旋前方肌supinator 旋后肌flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌flexor carpi radialis insertion 桡侧腕屈肌piso-hamate 钩头状的piso-metacarpal ligament 豆掌韧带palmaris longus 掌长肌extensor carpi：radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌extensor retinaculum 伸肌支持带basilic vein 贵要静脉cephalic vein 头静脉antecubital vein 肘前静脉brachial veins 肱静脉axillary vein 腋静脉musculocutaneous nerve 肌皮神经median nerve 正中神经carpo-metacarpal joints 腕掌关节carpal tunnel 腕管deep transverse metacarpal ligament 掌骨深横韧带base of proximal phalanx 近节指骨基底,近节趾骨基底palmar plate 掌骨接骨板collateral ligaments of MP joint 侧副韧带MP joint of thumb 掌指关节,跖趾关节Sesamoid bones 籽骨OppositionFlexor retinaculum 屈肌支持带Flexor tendon sheath 屈肌腱鞘Lumbrical tendon 蚓状肌Extensor mechanism 伸肌结构,伸肌装置,伸展结构Extensor hood 伸肌腱帽Central slip of extensor tendon 伸肌腱中央腱束Lateral bands 侧索Palmar fascia (手)掌腱膜,掌筋膜,掌腱膜Flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌,跖深屈肌Flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌Synovial sheath 滑液鞘Insertion of superficialis 浅的,表面的Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌Extensor indicis 示指伸肌Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌Abductor pollicis longus 拇长展肌Extensor pollicis brevis拇短伸肌Extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌Motor branch of median nerve 正中神经分支Common digital nerves 指(趾)神经Ischium 坐骨Pubis 耻骨Ischial spine 坐骨棘,座节刺Lesser sciatic notch 坐骨小切迹Ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节Acetabulum 髋臼Articular surface 关节面Obturator foramen 闭孔Superior ramus of pubis 耻骨上支Ischio-pubis ramus 坐骨耻骨连接处,坐耻骨Greater trochanter 大转子Inter-trochanteric line 转子间线Inter-trochanteric crest 转子间嵴Gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆Linea aspera 粗线,股骨嵴Obturator membrane 闭孔膜Acetabular fossa 髋臼窝Ischio-femoral ligament 坐股韧带Ilio-femoral ligament 髂股韧带ABduction 外展Adduction 内收Lateral rotation 侧旋,外旋,旋外Medial rotation 内侧旋转,内旋Piriformis 梨状肌Obturator externus 闭孔外肌Obturator internus 闭孔内肌Gemellus superior 上孖肌,上孑孓肌Gemellus inferior 下孖肌,下孑孓肌Quadratus femoris 股方肌Adductor magnus 大收肌Adductor hiatus收肌腱裂孔Adductor brevis 短收肌Pectineus耻骨肌Gracilis股薄肌Gluteus minimusGluteus mediusFascia lata 阔筋膜Ilio-tibial tract 髂胫束Tensor fascia lata 阔筋膜张肌Psoas major 腰大肌Iliacus 肠骨肌,髂肌Quadriceps 四头肌,四头的Rectus femoris 股直肌Sartorius 缝匠肌Hamstring muscles 腿后肌Biceps femoris 股二头肌Semi-membranosus 半膜肌Semi-tendinosus 半腱肌Long saphenous vein 长隐静脉,大隐静脉Inguinal lymph nodes 腹股沟淋巴结External iliac vein 髂外静脉Common iliac vein 髂总静脉Inferior vena cava 下腔静脉Common iliac arteries 髂总动脉Aorta 主动脉Superficial circumflex iliac A.旋髂浅动脉External pudendal A. 阴部外动脉Medial circumflex femoral A 旋髂内侧动脉Superior gluteal A 臀上动脉Inferior gluteal A 臀下动脉Anterior sacral foramina 骶前孔Sciatic nerve 坐骨神经Superior gluteal nerve 臀上神经Inferior gluteal nerve 臀下神经Intercondylar notch 髁间切迹,髁间窝Lateral epicondyle 外上髁Adductor tubercle 收肌结节Medial supracondylar line 内侧髁上线Lateral supracondylar line外侧髁上线Proximal tibio-fibular joint胫腓近端关节Inter-articular area 髁间棘髁间隆起Tibial tubercle 胫骨结节Patella 髌骨Lateral meniscus 外侧半月板Anterior cruciate ligament 前交叉韧带Quadriceps bursa 四头肌粘液囊Joint capsule 关节囊Vastus intermedius 股中间肌Vastus medialis 股内侧肌Rectus femoris 股直肌Adductor canal 收肌管Gracilis 股薄肌Popliteus 腘肌Plantaris 跖肌Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌Long saphenous vein 大隐静脉Popliteal artery and vein 腘动脉Superior genicular arteries 膝上动脉Inferior genicular arteries 膝下动脉Obturator nerve 闭孔神经Sciatic nerve 坐骨神经Tibial nerve 胫神经Common peroneal nerve 腓总神经Tarsus 踝Metatarsals 跖骨Interosseous membrance 骨间膜Anterior tibio-fibular ligament 胫腓骨前韧带,胫腓前韧带Posterior tibio-fibular ligament 胫腓后韧带Lateral malleolus 外踝Medial malleolus 内踝Talus 距骨Calcaneus 跟骨Navicular 舟骨Posterior talo-fibular ligament 距腓后韧带Anterior talo-fibular ligament 距腓前韧带Deltoid ligament 内侧韧带Cuneiform bones 楔骨Cuboid bone 骰骨Sustentaculum tali 载距突Talo-calcaneo-navicular joint（T.C.N）距跟舟关节Calcaneo-navicular（sping）ligament 跟距关机Deltoid ligament 内侧韧带Calcaneo-fibular ligament 跟腓韧带Interosseous talo-calcaneal ligament距跟骨间韧带Extensor retinaculum 伸肌支持带Peroneal retinaculum 腓侧支持带Flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持带TIBIALIS anterior 胫骨前肌Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌Calcaneal tendon 跟腱Soleus 比目鱼肌Plantaris 跖肌Investing deep fascia 深筋膜小腿4个筋膜室两个在前两个在后Transverse intermuscular septum 肌间横隔膜Posterior crural intermuscular septum 小腿后肌间隔Anterior crural intermuscular septum 小腿前肌间隔Tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌Peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌Peroneus longus 腓骨长肌Peroneus tertius 第三腓骨肌Shot saphenous vein 隐静脉Long saphenous vein 大隐静脉Perforating vein 穿孔静脉Popliteal vein 腘静脉Anterior tibial artery 胫前动脉Peroneal artery 腓动脉Posterior tibial artery 胫后动脉Medial and lateral plantar arteries 足底外侧和内侧动脉Dorsalis pedis artery 足背动脉Tibial nerve 胫神经Common peroneal nerve 腓总神经Superficial peroneal nerve 腓浅神经Deep peroneal nerve 腓深神经Metatarsals 跖骨Tarso- Metatarsals joints 跗跖关节Proximal phalanx 近节趾骨Middle 中间的,中等的Distal 离心的,末端的,末梢的,远侧的,远端的,远中的Short plantar ligament 跟骰足底韧带Long plantar ligament 足底长韧带Plantar aponeurosis 足底腱膜Deep transverse metatarsal ligament 跖骨深横韧带Collateral ligament 侧副韧带plantar ligament of MP jointflexor tendon sheath 屈肌腱鞘extensor hallucis longus 拇长伸肌extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌peroneus tertius 第三腓骨肌flexor hallucis longus 拇长屈肌flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌interosseous muscles 骨间肌lumbrical muscles 蚓状肌flexor accessorius 足底方肌,副屈肌flexor digitorum brevis 趾短屈肌flexor hallucis brevis 拇短屈肌adductor hallucis 拇收肌abductor hallucis 拇外展肌flexor digiti minimi brevis 小趾短屈肌abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌plantar aponeurosis 足底腱膜plantar fascia 足底筋膜lateral cord of plantar aponeurosis 足底腱膜外侧束short saphenous vein 小隐静脉long saphenous vein 大隐静脉concomitant veins 伴发的,伴行的,并发的,副,副的,附随的,相伴的dorsalis pedis artery 足背动脉lateral plantar artery 足底外侧动脉medial plantar artery 足底内侧动脉superficial peroneal nerve 腓浅神经deep peroneal nerve 腓深神经medial plantar nerve 足底内侧神经common plantar digital nerves 趾足底总神经sural nerve 腓肠神经saphenous nerve 隐神经calcaneal branches of tibial nerve 胫神经跟支levator aniischio-rectal fossaillo-coccygeuspubo-coccygeusexternal anal sphinctergluteal arteries superior 臀上动脉internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉obturator artery 闭孔动脉umbilical artery脐动脉vesical arteries膀胱动脉middle rectal artery直肠中动脉internal pudendal artery nerve to levator ani。
2022高三一模静安区英语
静安.202.学年第一学期教学质量检测高三年级英语试.2021.12prehensionSection ADirections.I.Sectio.A.yo.wil.hea.te.shor.conversation.betwee.tw.speakers.A.th.en.o.eac.conversation..questio.wil.b.ask e.abou.wha.wa.said.Th.conversation.an.th.question.wil.b.spoke.onl.once.Afte.yo.hea..conversatio.an.th.questio.abou.i t.rea.th.fou.possibl.answer.o.you.paper.an.decid.whic.on.i.th.bes.answe.t.th.questio.yo.hav.heard.B.A.Th.campu.wil.b.cleane.fo.th.festival.C.The festival is to be definitely held.D.It’s difficult to decide the theme of the festival.E.It’s against the principle’s will to hold the festival.F.A.Tr.t.fin..sho.tha.doesn’.accep.reservations.G.Wait to buy the ticket when someone cancels the reservation.H.Go with people who have extra tickets.I.Pay more money to buy the ticket from someone else.A.T.th.airport.B.T..paintin.shop.2. C.T.th.garage. D.T.th.hospital.B.A.Th.ma.i.afrai.tha.th.coa.colo.i.no.coo.enough.C.The man hasn’t received the coat he bought the other day.D.The man has worn the coat during the previous season.E.It’s not suitable to wear the coat in the warm weather.B.A.Sor.th.note.ou.fo.Mr.Anderson.C.Borro.th.noteboo.fro.Mr.Anderson.D.Wai.fo.Mr.Anderson’.notes.E.Note down key points on the textbook..th.runnin.machin.often.C.The exercise bike is more useful than running machine.D.Her second choice is an exercise bike.E.There’s not enough space for the running machine.3. A..boo.writer. B..sho.assistant. C..librarian. D..tou.guide.B.A.Davi.i.th.stronges.i.hi.class.C.The current class is not suitable for David.D.Some old sayings mislead.E.David will finally catch up in physics.B.A.Th.woma.shouldn’puter.C.The woman should get a good deal for the new computer.D.The library computer is rarely used.E.The man will lend his computer to the woman.B.A.Sh.ha.becom..professiona.chef.C.Her parents didn’t agree with h er on becoming a chef.D.She doesn’t have interest in becoming a chef now.E.She threw things around when learning cooking.Section BDirections.I.Sectio.B.yo.wil.hea.tw.passage.an.on.longe.conversation.Afte.eac.passag.o.conversation.yo.wil.b.a ske.severa.questions.Th.passage.an.th.conversatio.wil.b.rea.twice.bu.th.question.wil.b.spoke.onl.once.Whe.yo. hea..question.rea.th.fou.possibl.answer.o.you.pape.an.decid.whic.on.i.th.bes.answe.t.th.questio.yo.hav.heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.B.A.I.ca.onl.b.washe.i.th.dishwasher.C.It has some smell of coffee.D.It is made of a mixture of coffee grounds and sugar.E.It is first used to contain fertilizer.A.Ho.t.preven.suga.fro.dissolving.B.How to have the coffee grounds recycled fully.C.How to collect large quantities of coffee grounds.D.How to use coffee grounds to produce the solid material.B.A.I.i.successfu.becaus.o.advertisements.C.It is well-received by the public.D.It is oversupplied on the market.E.It’s more popular among individuals than cafes.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.merciall.busy.C.There are too many temporary residents.D.Few services are offered during off seasons.E.The winter is too cold for them.B.A.Spen..wee.i.th.destination.C.Find a “snowbird” destination.D.Remain in the city where he currently lives.E.Research the destination for roughly a full year.B.A.Safet.o.th.destination.C.Tax system of the destination.D.Healthcare system of the destination.E.The support to get as one ages.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.B.A.T.se.ho.fas.th.tes.take.ca.sca.th.book.C.To see how well the test taker finds and processes the information.D.To see how well the test taker can handle pressure.E.To see whether the test taker can find a particular statement to summarize a topic.rmation.C.To evaluate the importance of the open book test.D.To adequately manage test time.E.To read the whole chapter for one question.rmation.C.To design easy removable tags.D.To compare different ideas.E.To get the permission to make marks.B.A.People’.attitud.towar.geograph.tests.C.The features and preparations of open book tests.D.The differences between open book and closed book tests.E.The measures to handle pressures from tests.II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections.Afte.readin.th.passag.below.fil.i.th.blank.t.mak.th.passag.coheren.an.grammaticall.correct.Fo.th.blank.wi .on.wor.tha.bes.fit.eac.blank.Rereadin.i..guilt.pleasur.fo.man.readers.Ho.ca..kee.reade.abando.hi.to-be.rea.lis.an.wast.tim.wit..boo.h.alread.knows.A.th.sam.time.accordin.t.man.experts.th.ac.o.rereadin.(21...... ...(regard).witho u.doubt.a.th.onl.wa.t.trul.understan..text.ple.text.an.o.th.self.Teacher.o.earl.re ading-ag.childre.agre.tha.rereadin.improve.understandin.beyon.basi.words.Fo.adults.rereadin.i.necessar.t.understandin..tex.wel.s.th a.goo.critica.argument.(22......... b.made.Rereadin.help.t.buil..bette.understandin.o..book.. (23......... rereading.man.reader.fin.i.impossibl.t.appreciat..writer’prehen..text’.inne.idea.an.themes.Rereadin.i.als.a.ac.o.self-reflection.Th.practic.o.purposefu.rereadin.i.(24..........create..kin.o.self-consciousness.Sinc.th.boo.neve.changes.i.function.a..constant(恒量.(25......... e.t.measur.th.reader’.growth.I.i..wa.t.re-examin.th.reade.himsel.an.th.change.h.(26......... (undergo.sinc.th.initia.reading.O.course. ther. ar. possibl. drawback. t. rereadin. a. well. Rereadin. take. time.(27..... .. (draw.th.reader.awa.fro.thei.to-be-rea.list..An.it’.har.t.imagin.(28..........frustratin.i.ca.b.i..belove.boo.fall.shor.o.you.ros.memorie.i.rereading. Accordin.t.Davi.Galef，plexit.(29....... ...(app reciate.i.re-readings.an.ye.the.ar.als.importan.element.tha.ma.b.dulle.b.thos.repeate.readings.Furthermore.(30....... ...you.rereadin.i .focuse.an.intentiona.abou.gainin.ne.thoughts.i.ma.no.resul.i.improve.understanding.Section Be.once.Not.tha.ther.i.on.wor.mor.th a.yo.need.Thoug.i.i.no.unusua.t.fin.marin.animal.unde.th.Antarctic.seafloor.researcher.ha.alway.assume.tha.ther.woul.b.f e... 3...o.lif.farthe.awa.fro.ope.wate.an.sunlight.However.th.discover.o.filter-feeding（滤食的e.awa.fro.th.ope.ocean.wit.temperature.o.−2.2°plet.darknes..suggest.tha.lif.i.th.world'.harshes.environmen.ma.b.mor...3...tha.previousl.thought.I.2017.BA.geologis.Jame.Smit.an.hi.colleague.conducte..three-mont.expeditio.t.th.middl.o.Antarctica'.Filchner-Ronn.Ic.Shelf.t.collec....3...o.th.seafloo.deposits.Th.tea.drille.throug.th.half-mil.o.ic.b.pumpin.almos.20,00.liter.o.ho.wate.throug..pipe.Afte.abou.2.hour.o.painstakin.work.the.wer.finall.abl.t.re ac.th.seabe.underneath.However.whe.th.scientist.lowere.th.instrument.alon.wit..camera.t.collec.th.soil.i.cam.u.empty.Afte.multipl.faile ...3....eac.roun.tri.takin.abou.a.hou..th.researcher.too..close.loo.a.th.footag.an.notice..massiv.ston.sittin.ami.th....3... fla.seabed.Eve.mor.surprisingly.th.roc.wa.covere.wit.stationar.animals.lik.sponges.海绵.an.potentiall.unknow.species.Th.findin.ha... 3... anisms.suc.a.sponge.an. cora.polyps（珊瑚虫）,whic.liv.thei.entir.live...3...t.rocks.o.othe.har.surfaces.nee.foo. supplies. I. th. ope. water. th."marin..snow,e. fro....3... organi.matter.whic.drift.dow.fro.th.uppe.water.t.th.dee.ocean.However.th.specie.i.suc.dept.ar.to.fa.fro.th.ope.se.t.recei v.. 3...supplie.o.nutrients.T.mak.matter.worse.du.t.th.area'e.t.ge.t.them.“Thi.i.b.fa.th.furthes.unde.a.ic.shel.tha.we’v.see.an.o.thes.filter-feedin.animals,.sai.Smith.“e. 4. along.”III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections.Fo.eac.blan.i.th.followin.passag.ther.ar.fou.word.o.phrase.marke.A.B..an.D.Fil.i.eac.blan.wit.th.wor.o.phras.tha.bes.fit.th.context.Mos.o.u.hav.n.difficult.recognizin.luc.whe.it’.o.apparen.display.a.whe.someon.win.th.lottery.Bu.. 4.. ofte.play.ou.i.delicat.way.an.it’.eas.t.construc.narrative.tha.portra.succes.a.ou.o.everythin.bu.luck.Thes.misleadin. storie.hav.surprisin.implication.fo.huma.mindset.downplayin.th.powe.o.chances.Conside.th.histor.o.th.Mon.Lisa..Afte.havin.staye.i.th.. 4.. fo.mos.o.it. earl.existence.th.paintin.wa.pushe.int.th.spotligh.i.191.whe.i.wa.stole.fro.Louvre.Th.famou.thef.remaine. ..4..fo.tw.year.unti..maintenanc.worke.wa.arreste.afte.tryin.t.sel.th.painting.Hi.arres.cause..secon.wav.o...4... .wit.th.paintin.o. everyone’.lips.A.i.th.ar.world.i.i.s.to.i.th.worl.o.work.Almos.ever.caree.pat.consist.o..sequenc.o.steps.eac.o.whic.d epend.o.forme.ones.Inevitably.som.o.thos.. ..4....step.ca.b.influence.b.chanc.factors.which.a..result.ar.sur.t.affec.th. followin.process.S.i.i.reasonabl.t.conclud.tha.. 4.. al.successfu.career.involv.a..leas..certai.degre.o.luck.One’.dat.o.birt.4..fo.example. Accordin.t..study. mos.childre.bor.i.th. summe.ten.t.b.amon.th.younges.member.o.thei.class.whic.explain.wh.the.ar.les.likel.t.hol...4..te.i.life.T.acknowledg.th.powe.o.chanc.event.i.no.t.sugges.tha.succes.i.independen.o....4.... .Charli.Munge.ha.said.“Th.safes.wa.t.ge.wha.yo.wan.i.t... 5... wha.yo.want.”catio.syste.i..kin.o.luc.w.ca.contro..tha.is.a.leas.w.ca.decid.ho.luck.ou.childre.wil.be.Bu.i.America.we’catio.ha.. 5....Th.huma.tendenc.t...5...luck’cation.th.stron.syste.o.whic.ca.produc.5.fo.th.nex.generation.Luckily. ther.i..solution..Guidin.peopl.t.. 5.. thei.goo.fortun.tend.t.mak..the.mor.willin.t.contribut.t.th. 5. .accordin.t..study. S.tr.t.engag.you.successfu.friend.i.review.abou.thei.experience.wit.luck.I.th.process.th.nex.generation’.odd.o.succes.ma.wel.increas.an. meanwhile.al.th.socia.member.ar.mor.likel.t.enjo.th.improve.publi.service.41..randomness B.potential C.masterpiece D.success42.A.emergency B.maintenance C.review D.shade43.A.accidental B.unsolved C.official D.objective44.A.protest B.suspicion C.publicity D.investigation45.A.previous B.negative C.realistic D.entire46.A.virtually B.sustainably C.adequately D.negatively47.A.occurs B.contracts C.matters D.approaches48.A.accessible B.original C.superior D.secure49.A.effort B.logic C.relationship D.investment50.A.deserve B.evaluate C.modify D.exploit51.A.shone B.shrunk C.ballooned D.flown52.A.preserve B.popularize C.underestimate D.revolutionize53.A.challenge B.luck C.motivation D.experience54.A.reflec.on B.sav.on C.adjus.to D.liv.on55.A.mutua.understanding B.menta.fitness C.famil.value mo.goodSection BDirections.Rea.th.followin.thre.passages.Eac.passag.i.followe.b.severa.question.o.unfinishe.statements.Fo.eac.o.t rmatio.give.i.th.passag.yo.hav.jus.read.(A)te.fro.th.se.bottom.Na sser.on.o.th.divers.climbe.ove.th.railin.o.th.shi.an.hi.Sai.emptie.hi.baske.ful.o.shell.ont.th.deck.“Get me something to fill my stomach with, boy.” I knew he was teasing as he is my father’s good friend.“Bu.I’.n.longe.a.erran.boy.I’..diver.lik.m.fathe.was..“,ughed.Th.salt.Arabia.Gul.produce.th.fines.pearl.i.th.worl.whil.th.salt.wate.als.mad.diver.los.thei.hair.Le.alon.th.hig.pressur.whic.cos.the.thei.hearing. .ha.shave..m.head.i.whic.wa..fel.mor.lik..rea.diver.O.course.there’.n.nee.fo.m.t.worr.abou.th.hai.problem.“I’ve dived the shallow seas before, and I can hold my breath for a whole minute.”“Just pull your rope before you feel breathless.” He then disappeared into the water again..tie..heav.ston.t.m.foo.wit..rope.Takin.on.mor.dee.breath..plugge.m.nos.an.jumped.Wit.th.ston.finall.hittin.th.s eabe.wit..thump..free.m.foo.fro.th.rope..scratche.a.th.rock.ridge..).whe.thre.oyster.droppe.int.m.hands..eve.didn’.hav.enoug.tim.t.fee.surprise.a.ho.eas.th.jo.wa.befor..fel.breathless.Ou.o.horror..dragge.th.rope.Knowin.that.fa.above.th.Saib’.stron.arm.straine.t.pul.m.towar.th.surface..reminde.mysel.t.endur.fo..littl.mor.time.Jus.whe..though.m.lung.woul.burst.m.ear.poppe.an.ther.wa.light.56.Nasse.burs.throug.th.water.H.remove.hi.nos.plu.an.grinne.a.m.lookin.a.th.thre.pitifu.shell.o.th.deck.“No.ba.fo.a.erran.boy.. Seein.m.upse.wit.m.hea. down.h.patte.m.“It’..Cheerin.up..wrappe.th.empt.baske.aroun.m.nec.an.raise.m.ch in.“I’..pear.diver.”57.According to Nasser, what did an errand boy usually do?Pul.diver.fro.th.sea. B.Empt.basket.fo.divers.58.C.Serv.snack.fo.divers. D.Div.fo.shells.59.Why did the author have his hair cut?A.Because he tried to avoid losing hair.B.Because all divers had shaved hair.C.Because high pressure made him bald.D.Because he wanted to look professional.60.Why did the author get little harvest?A.Because there were not many pearls in the area.B.Because he still lacked experience in the job.C.Because the Saib pulled him up too early without permission.D.Because the rocky ridge was too rough.(B)These summer festivals in New Orleans are few of the hottest happenings the City has to offer for holiday seekers.Oyster(牡蛎) FestivalThere’.a.ol.sayin.tha.it’.onl.saf.t.ea.oyster.i.month.endin.i.'R'.whic.wa.goo.advic.i.th.ag.befor.refrigeratio.becam..fashion.An.that’.exactl.wh.originall.th.Ne.Orlean.Oyste.Festiva.wa.hel.i.June.t.brea.u.th.myt.a.local.neve.bothere.t.preserv.th.creature.wit.thei.habi.o.directl.eatin.th.seafood.fres.fro.th.sea.Today.featurin.oyster.harveste.fro.th.Gul.o.Mexico.Oyste.Fes.i..celebratio.o.th.world’.favorit.food.I.you’v.eve.wante.t.enjo.th.legendar.oyster.a.Drago’.wher.th.recip.originate.o.tak..bit.ou.o.a.oyste.th.siz.o..hamburger.Oyste.Fes.i.fo.you.When to Go: June 3-4 Essence FestivalNe.Orlean.hold..specia.plac.i.African-America.lif.an.history.s.i.shoul.b.n.surpris.th.cit.host..festiva.celebratin.African-America.musi.an.cultur.i.th.Unite.States.Wit.fre.admissionanize.b.th.African-America.women’binatio.o.fou.day.o.dynami.speeche.an..showcas.o.African.America.artists.When to Go: June 29-July 2, Cajun-Zydeco FestivalSouther.Louisian.i.hom.t..variet.o.rich.uniqu.cultures.an.o..weeken.i.Jun.i.Ne.Orleans.on.o.them—Cajun—i.o.ful.display.Th.hear.o.Caju.countr.i.i.south-centra.Louisiana..stron.showcas.o.Caju.culture.fo.whic.th.Cajun-Zydec.Festiva.emerged.O.th.particula.weekend.yo.ge.read.t.che.dow.o.traditiona.foo.lik.Caju.gumb.a.eateries.bu.Caju.crafts.an.purchas..Caju.T-shirt.When to Go: June 24-25 Running of the BullsDu.t.it.history.th.Spanis.influenc.stil.show.itsel.i.Ne.Orleans.Th.architectura.styl.o.th.Frenc.Quarte.i.actuall.fr o.Spain.an.Ne.Orleans’.annua.Runnin.o.th.Bull.is.i.part..no.t.th.city’.Spanis.heritage.Unlik.th.Spanis.festiva.i.Pamplona.th.“bulls.i.th.Fes.ar.no.actua.bull.bu.th.wome.o.th.Bi.Rolle.derb.team.Howeve.the.d.chas.dow.white-and-red-clothe.festival-goers.i.infuriated.Therefor.behav.yoursel.o.b.prepare.t.ru.fo.life.When to Go: July 7-9,61.Why was New Orleans Oyster Festival held in June in the first place?A.Because refrigerator could be used to store oysters.B.Because it was not easy for oysters to go bad in summer.C.Because oysters could be cooked in various ways to extend storage period.uall.serve.raw.60.The underlined word “infuriated” is closest in meaning to .A.exhibitedB.color-blindedC.angeredD.cheate.61.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Oyster Festival nowadays is designed for people seeking the history of oyster harvest.B.Essence Festival celebrates the freedom of African-American women.C.Cajun-Zydeco Festival is mainly celebrated through dining and shopping.D.New Orleans has been stripped of Spanish influence.62.In which magazine does the passage most probably appear?A.Vacatio.Guide.B.Genuin.Recipe.C.Architectur.Vision.D.Musi.Billboard.(C)Yo.ma.b.familia.wit.th.statisti.tha.90.o.th.world’s.fe.years.Th.bigges.setbac.wit.suc..rat.o.i rge.tha.th.past.Short-sightednes.i.buil.int.th.structure.i.th.for.o.a.overwhelmin.tendenc.t.over-estimat.near-ter.message.a.th.expens.o.history.T.understan.wh.thi.matters.conside.th.finding.fro.socia.scienc.abou.‘recenc.bias(倾向)’.whic.describe.th.tendenc.t.assum.tha.futur.event.wil.closel.resembl.recen.experience.Peopl.ten.t.bas.thinkin.disp e.mos.easil.t.mind.It’.als.wort.rememberin.tha.novelt.tend.t.b..dominan.consideratio.whe.decidin.wha.dat.t.kee.o.delete.Ou.wit.th.o l.an.i.wit.th.new.That’.th.digita.tren.i..worl.wher.searc.algorithms.算法.ar.systematicall.biase.toward.freshness.The.ar.designe.i.lin.wit.huma.preference.Suc..bia.toward.th.presen.i.structur all.roote.i.th.huma.weaknes.tha.w.kee.desertin.thing.w.onc.cherishe.simpl.becaus.w.gro.tire.o.them.What’.reall.neede.i.somethin.though.o.a.“intelligen.forgetting”rge.continuitie.i.view.It’ani sin.alio.photograph.les.valuabl.tha.tw.thousand?plete.gen.sequences.demographic.....data.th.raw.har.knowledg. o.geograph.an.physics.Th.softe.th.science.however.th.mor.likel.tha.scal.i.reversel.connecte.wit.quality.I.thes.cases.tim. itsel.i.rathe.importan.a..touc.ston.t.judg.th.valu.o.data.Eithe.w.choos.carefull.wha.endures.matter.an.meaningfull.captu re.ou.pas..o.it.foo.prin.i.silentl.replace.b.th.present’.growin.noise.Mer.gatherin.i.n.cure-al.answer.I.a.er.o.bigge.an.bigge.data.th.leadin.warnin.fo.thos.wh.hav.t.mak.decision.i.tha.wha.yo.choos.no.t.kno.matt er.jus.a.muc.a.wha.yo.do.63.What is the major problem with the explosion of recent information?A.Trends are too quickly produced.B.People have poor eyesight after viewing too much information.C.Present information is given too much emphasis.rmation.64, What causes widespread preference for newness?A.That algorithms require the latest information to make accurate prediction.B.That humans are accustomed to losing interest in old things.C.That short renewed period is the feature of modern data.D.That search algorithms keep uncovering the value of the newness.65.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Recent experience is rarely used to provide reference for future events.B.The quality of geographic knowledge depends on photo sorting rather than full data.C.Intelligent forgetting refers to replacing the immediate past with far-back data.D.Time helps us to evaluate data when the quality isn’t in line with quantity.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The side effects of digital innovation.B.The values of complete data in softer subjects.C.The data discrimination caused by algorithms.D.The faulty preference for fresh data and ways out.Section Ce.onl.once.Not.th a.ther.ar.tw.mor.sentence.tha.yo.need.A.And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinkinghabits are inevitable.B.Though regarded as a form of simple act, tea making can vary widely between cultures.C.The tea is, above all, credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities.D.Food choices are driven by one’s environment – the context.E.Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.F.Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.Te.ha.becom.roote.i.th.Britis.wa.o.life.fro.th.humbl.te.brea.t.th.afternoo.te.t.b.enjoyed.i..jacke.an.tie.o.course. 6. Boilin.wate.t.mak.tea.fo.instance.make.i.les.likel.t.giv.yo..stomac.bug.But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage? Anthropologist KateFox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit makes a cup.rges.dose.o.flavou.factor..ar.typicall.drun.b.th.workin.class.dder.Mil.an.sweetene.hav.thei.ow.codes.Accordin.t.her.takin.suga.i.you.te.i.Britai. i. regarde.b.man.a. . definit. lower-clas.psan.Souchong(正山小种红茶.ca.b..sig.o.clas.anxiet.i.th.middl.class.Fo.suggests.It’.a.fa.a.possibl.a.on.ca.ge.fro.sweet.strong. milk.cup.o.th.no.nonsens.‘builder’.tea’..foo.scientis.pointe.ou.somethin.tha.seem.t.appl.here.. 6.. Yo.lik.wha.yo.lik.no.necessaril.becaus.o.th.tast.o.it.thoug.obviousl.on.ca.develo..tast.fo.almos.anything..foo.o.drink’.rea. importanc.i.you.lif.ma.b.becaus.o.everythin.tha.surround.i..th.cultur.o.it.Fo.als.observe.that.alongsid.it.chemica.properties.te.i..socia.space-filler.Manymeaningles.moment.ca.b.occupie.b.te.an.it.relate.events.. 7.. Wheneve.th..Englis.fee.awkwar.o.uncomfortabl.i..socia.situation.the.coo.tea.IV.Summary WritingDirections.Rea.th.followin.passage.Summariz.th.mai.ide.an.th.mai.point(.you.ow.word.a.fa.a.possible.You still need a better reason to plant a tree?Polic.aren’ parison.ar..rea.bargain.an.the.prov.t.b.effectiv.i.fightin.crimes.unc.program.t.plan.vegetatio.alon.roadway.t.hel.absor.rainwater.Afte.trackin.1.type.o.crim.i.nearb.are as.Michell.Kondo..socia.scientis.foun.tha..variet.o.crime.includin.propert.crime.suc.a.thef.an.burglary.an.violen.crime.suc.a. arme.fight.an.mayhe.i.thos.area.decrease.t.2.percent..stunnin.1.percen.fall.Kond.believe.th.appearanc.o.cit.truck.an.van.i.th.l andscape.area..fo.plantin.an.maintenanc..wa.enoug.t.scar.awa.potentia.criminals.Kondo'.stud.als.worke.o.th.lin.betwee.grasslan.car.an.decreas.o.th.crim.i.downtow.areas.It'.incom.a.th.con wn.yo.probabl.liv.i..neighborhoo.tha.see.les.crime.Bu.actually.peopl.ar .les.likel.t.han.i.thos.area.wher.th.street.ar.maintaine.o.cleaned.“Yo.wil.se.les.kid.hangin.o.th.corners,anize.greener.helpe.t.fri ghte.awa.ill-intentione.guys.b.announcin.t.would-b.criminal.tha.ther.ar."eye.o.th.street.tha.car.fo.thei.neighborhoo.an.woul.b.mor.likel.t.repor..crime.W.alread.kno.greener.i.beautifu.t.loo.a.an.ca.hel.improv.moo.an.healt.whil.reducin.pollution.No.w.ca.ad.crime-fightin.t.th.lis.o.vegetation'.man.benefits.Therefore.ar.yo.read.t.plan..tree?第II 卷（共40 分）V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.为防止病人走错, 墙上贴了箭头。
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Tongue Twister 2
[f]
1.Five fat French fleas freeze. 五只肥胖的法国跳蚤冻住了。
2.The firefighter fell from the fifth floor. 消防员从五楼掉了下来。
3.He filled the fridge with fresh fruit and other food. 他将新鲜水果和其它食品填满冰箱。
4.Fish fresh fried. Fried fresh fish. Fish fried fresh. Fresh fried fish. 油炸的新鲜鱼。
[v]
5.I love every view of the valley. 我爱山谷的每一个景致。
6.He saved twelve gloves for Vera. 他为维拉保存了12只手套。
7.Vandals waxed Valerie’s white van. 汪达尔人给瓦莱尼亚的白色货车打蜡。
8.The vicious visitors visited the virtual village. 恶毒的访问者拜访了虚拟的村庄。
[s]
9.Speak less and listen more. 少说多听。
10.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
11.Miss Smith wants us to send her a silk dress. 史密斯小姐希望我们寄一条真丝裙给她。
12.Small smart snakes smelt smoked steaks. 聪明的小蛇闻出了熏牛排的味道。
[z]
13.Please excuse those boys. 请原谅那些男孩子。
14.There are roses and daisies in the vase. 花瓶里有玫瑰和雏菊。
15.Britain rules the waves, Mussolini waives the rules. 不列颠统治海洋，墨索里尼藐视制度。
16.Ray’s wife raised rice. The rice Ray’s wife raised was wild rice. 雷的妻子种水稻。
雷的妻子
种的水稻是野水稻。
[θ]
17.All things thrive at thrice. 万事成功于再三尝试。
18.Something is better than nothing. 有总好过没有。
19.Thick ticks think thin ticks are sick. 粗勾勾认为细勾勾令人讨厌。
20.He thought deeply about health, faith and death. 他深沉地思考着健康、信仰和死亡的问题。
[ð]
21.That leather is smoother than this. 那张皮比这张平滑。
22.Neither the father nor the mother went farther. 父亲和母亲都没有继续往前走。
23.Those warm words soothed both brother and sister. 那些温暖的话安抚了兄妹的心。
24.The father asked the mother whether she has bathed the baby. 父亲问母亲她是否已经给婴
儿洗澡。
[ʃ]
25.The shop sells the best fashion of shoes. 这家商店卖的鞋最时尚。
26.The chef was good at making fish dishes. 这位厨师做鱼很拿手。
27.The shy girl blushed and rushed out of the shop. 那羞涩的女孩脸一红，冲出了商店。
28.She sells seashells on the shining seashore and the shells she sells are seashells, I’m sure. 她
在阳光灿烂的沙滩上卖海贝壳，我确定她卖的贝壳是海贝壳。
[ʒ]
29.It’s my pleasure to do the measure. 我很乐意量尺寸。
30.Following the collision was confusion. 碰撞后是一片混乱。
31.Television programs bring children great pleasure. 电视节目给孩子带来了许多欢乐。
32.It’s their decision to make a film version of “Treasure Island”. 是他们决定要将《金银岛》搬
上银幕的。
[h]
33.I hope you’ll have a happy holiday. 希望你假日愉快。
34.He hurt his hand with a heavy hammer. 他用锤子砸伤了手。
35.Her husband hurried home because he was hungry. 她的丈夫因为肚子饿而赶回了家。
36.The hairy hare stares at the hairier hare, and the hairier hare stares at the hairiest hare. 多毛的
野兔盯着更多毛的野兔，更多毛的野兔盯着最多毛的野兔。
[tʃ]
37.Richard draws a picture each day. 理查德每天都画一幅画。
38.That charming French child came in March. 那个迷人的法国孩子是三月份来的。
39.Charles had chicken and French fries for lunch. 查尔斯中餐吃的是鸡和炸薯条。
40.Charlie’s chilly cheap chip shop sells Charlie’s cheap chips. 查理寒冷的卖便宜炸薯片的商
店卖查理便宜的炸薯片。
[dʒ]
41.Jack and Jill enjoyed their marriage. 杰克和吉尔很享受他们的婚姻。
42.George drove his jeep across a large bridge. 乔治架着他的吉普车穿过了那座大桥。
43.The German actor fell off the edge of the stage. 那个德国演员从舞台边上掉了下去。
44.Is it a jar of orange juice or a jar of apple juice in the cage? 笼子里是一罐橙汁还是一罐苹
果汁呢？。