跨境电商外文文献综述
《跨境电子商务物流发展探析国内外文献综述3000字》
跨境电子商务物流发展研究国内外文献综述1.国外研究现状在国外，针对跨境电子商务物流发展，很多学者从一些现状入手，分析了当前部分企业的成功经验。
这些，不仅对于国外的跨境电商企业拥有积极意义，也可以充分为我国企业借鉴。
Hamoene（2012）认为，从全球范围来看，跨境电商企业物流发展最为发达的是美国，全球排名最靠前的四大快递巨头FEDEX、UPS、DHL、TNT，都为跨境电商企业提供服务，让其产品可以顺利达到用户手中。
其中FEDEX、UPS更是在全球范围内，凭借其独特的网络优势让跨境电商企业的便捷优势最大程度得到发挥。
Oledae（2013）同时认为，美国的跨境电商企业除了拥有良好的经济环境，有数量巨大的速递物流企业为其提供服务之外，其更是因为有先进的电子商务行业发展经验之外，同美国的速递物流企业在长期的发展中形成了彼此相互合作的独特的发展策略，从而让跨境电商企业逐步打造了自身的物流管理竞争优势。
Caline（2013）认为，成功的跨境电商企业巨头均在全球建设有完整的国际物流服务网络，基本覆盖世界200个国家和地区。
同时，这类企业的物流网络运转效率高效，其在全球配送时限基本控制在三至四个工作日，即使是相对比较偏远的地区，跨境电商企业的物流也能确保尽量在一周之内送达客户所购买的商品。
跨境电商企业正是因为拥有如此高效的全球物流网络，才获得了高速的发展。
同时，跨境电商企业的物流网络构建之所以如此成功，还得益于跨境电商企业对全球各地经济、文化的良好吸收和掌握。
同时，大多数跨境电商企业拥有快递集散网络也是让跨境电商企业可以控制自身的物流成本，同时提升了物流管理效率。
JameKarlan（2013）认为，国外跨境电商企业之所以在物流管理方面竞争优势明显，主要是因为其可以通过不断完善起来先进技术、管理理念、管理工具来强化自身的物流管理体系。
同时，这些跨境电商企业还因为拥有一批高素质的员工队伍，使自己的物流系统高效运转，在保证了成本可控的同时，单位跨境电商企业物流成本逐步下降。
跨境电商国际贸易与国际商务能力研究文献综述
跨境电商国际贸易与国际商务能力研究文献综述1国外文献综述（1）随着国外电子商务的兴起，外国的政府、大学、研究中心和经济学者对如何促进电子商务的发展开始关注，对电子商务的发展开始做出定性和定量的判断性行为，对此开始进行深入性的探讨。
很快跨境电子商务公司Yongchoi和一家跨境电子商务企业Daleo.Stahl（2001），对电子商务和经济进行了深入探讨和调查研究。
他们觉得电子商务就像一个大型市场，以买卖双方使用数字产品进行贸易作为要点。
笔者在关注经济问题的同时，也关注电子商务的技术、标准、政策和法律等多项复杂方面。
（2）电子商务的快速发展的今天，外国的经济学者认识到电子商务在全球发展和应用中成为一种必然，预测电子商务对全球经济贸易的具有重要的意义。
电子商务对国际贸易的深远影响，Micklethwait，Jone（2010）进入深入的探讨。
J.vanek（2012）提出了国际贸易人才作为商务英语的要求，具有良好的法律知识、金融专业知识、市场分析观察力和谈判技巧，精通承包业务、产品定制、办理进出口手续和分销等等多项业务。
国际贸易人才应具有深厚的计算机和网络专业背景、英语或其他语言的专业背景和国际贸易业务能力的复合型可持续发展人才。
3）就现如今而言，对于电子商务与国际贸易理论，国外经济学家将二者相互结合，根据理论角度，电子商务对国际贸易的影响进行研究。
通过运用经济学中的绝对优势和比较优势理论，站在全球贸易体系的角度研究电子商务。
David van（2003）认为，解析电子商务产品的内贸易可以由规模经济理论和不完全竞争理论解析l（2010）通过研究发现，跨境电子商务公司人才极具减少，行业整体人才流失率逐渐提高，跨境电子商务公司招聘和培训频率不断提高，跨境电子商务公司也使人才置换成本逐年上升，在人力资源管理、跨境电子公司支付成本、跨境电子商务职工关系等方面跨境电子商务公司也面临巨大挑战。
成本压力对跨境电子商务公司也带来了难题。
【《跨境电商的物流监管问题研究的国内外文献综述》3700字】
跨境电商的物流监管问题研究的国内外文献综述目录跨境电商的物流监管问题研究的国内外文献综述 (1)（一）国外相关研究的文献综述 (1)（二）国内相关研究的文献综述 (1)1．跨境电商研究 (1)2.跨境电商物流研究 (2)3.跨境电商物流海关监管研究 (3)（三）对已有文献综述的简单评述 (3)参考文献 (4)2015，36(1)． (5)（一）国外相关研究的文献综述Nuray Terzia(2011)的研究成果显示，电子商务发展势必会提升该国的国际贸易量，并且互联网的发展会使这个趋势越来越大，那么对于发展中国家来说，是一个非常好的机遇，而我国正是世界上最大的发展中国家，应该要抓住机遇。
Haul Lee，Seungjin Whang(2001)认为末端配送是电商配送中最重要的环节，物流配送则是贯穿于整个跨境电商交易的神经网络末梢，贯穿于整个交易的过程。
Markku 和Moiris(2005)则对我国跨境物流电商及其相关物流服务模式的发展趋势分析进行了深入研究。
Martens 和Turlea(2012)则在对我国消费者实际消费行为数据分析进行深入统计分析的理论基础之上，从多个不同方面，包括交易成本，支付，物流等角度来进一步充分说明我国跨境商品电商快速发展的根本原因，并且他们也认为我们国家相关政府部门尤其应该一定要积极地研究完善我国跨境商品电商的相关法律法规，特别是国家海关总署作为我国跨境商品电商的唯一监管监督机关，在跨境基础配套设施体系建设以及通关等各个方面更重要，要不断加大政策投入，提高跨境通关管理效率，促进我国跨境商品电商的健康发展。
（二）国内相关研究的文献综述1．跨境电商研究国内相关学者在深入研究我国跨境企业电商同时更加强调跨境电商电子物流的技术重要性，对我国跨境企业电商物流问题有很多相关的课题研究，海关系统对我国跨境企业电商电子物流更加高度关注，国内的相关学者对此问题有很多相关的课题研究。
王刊良(2002)在《电子商务模式分析与方法创新》在关于电商的发展的模式，提出了不同的建议，并且结合网络经济电商的概念和分类的基础之上，创造性的分析出静态和动态两种模式相关的概念。
《跨境电子商务对产业转型升级的影响研究国内外文献综述》3800字
跨境电子商务对产业转型升级的影响研究国内外文献综述目录跨境电子商务对产业转型升级的影响研究国内外文献综述 (1)1国内研究现状 (1)a.跨境电子商务背景下转型升级文献综述 (1)b.产业转型文献综述 (2)c.数字贸易背景下产业转型升级文献综述 (2)2国外研究现状 (3)a.跨境电子商务背景下转型升级文献综述 (3)b.数字贸易背景下文献综述 (3)3文献述评 (4)参考文献 (4)1国内研究现状a.跨境电子商务背景下转型升级文献综述吴远仁(2019)着重分析了跨境电子商务促进泉州外贸企业转型升级的机理，运用迈克尔·波特的竞争优势理论，结合泉州外贸的特点，对泉州外贸企业借助跨境电商实现转型升级提出，采用差异化和集中化竞争策略、完善公共服务体系和电商人才培养机制等，促进外贸企业转型升级相应的策略建议[1]。
李海群,冯梦瑶,秦道均(2019)针对全球跨境电子商务平台的发展，让中小型外贸企业不再对进出口贸易望而却步的现象，得出跨境电子商务为中小型企业带来了历史性的机遇，推动了传统外贸企业的结构优化[2]。
李典徽, 王静, 张言(2017)针对河北省外贸企业跨境电子商务应用现状数据的展示分析,分析河北省外贸企业发展跨境电子商务过程中面临的问题,探索与构建利用跨境电子商务实现外贸转型升级的模式,并在此基础上提出完善河北省跨境电子商务相关政策措施,从而促进河北省跨境电子商务快速健康发展[3]。
吴铭英(2018)通过调查分析广西区内中小型外贸企业跨境电商发展现状的基础上，指出其存在转型方向、贸易方式、消费者需求把握等方面问题，并且为了促进区内中小型外贸企业跨境电商的发展，给出了积极的发展转型策略[4]。
郑玉婷,张梅菊(2019)针对电子商务成为拉动经济增长和推动区域产业结构转型升级的重要动力进行分析。
以宿州市砀山县为例,探讨砀山电子商务的发展,指出产业结构存在的问题,进而研究和分析砀山县电子商务发展对产业结构升级的助力作用[5]。
《中小企业跨境电商发展探析国内外文献综述2100字》
中小企业跨境电商发展研究国内外文献综述目录中小企业跨境电商发展研究国内外文献综述 (1)一、国外文献综述 (1)二、国内研究文献综述 (1)一、国外文献综述Epstein (2005)在前人理论基础上，成功概括出影响企业电子商务发展的四个影响因素:企业领导、电商战略、企业结构以及电商系统，并且他把电子商务系统形象的比喻成一个程序流程，从数据输入到处理，从结果输出到显示，生动的阐明了电子商务成功的机制，继而归纳出电子商务的成功影响因素。
Pather(2006)对一家处于南非的从事外贸电商的中型企业进行研究，以其多年来经营经历当做案例来分析，构建出电子商务市场的四个虚拟维度:信息、营销、交流以及交易，确定了考核企业成功开展电子商务的初级指标体系。
Li(2006)以中美企业为研究对象，从理论上分析了中美企业电子商务的关键成功因素，结果表明两国企业都认为信息化技术、企业战略规划、物流体系、营销手段和优质服务是最重要的几个影响因素，并且指出美国企业与中国企业重视方面的差异，美国企业比较看重企业领导支持和客户反馈而中国企业并不看重这些。
Abodlmotalleb Rezaei(2007)运用多元回归分析方法对伊朗132个中小企业做了实证分析，研究结果表明信息部门结构、管理者的支持、管理方式、科技知识、共同目标、资源配置和基础设施是电子商务系统成功实施的七个影响因素。
Sherah Kurnia等(2009]以马来西亚100多家中小企业作为研究对象,通过设计调查问卷和因子分析的方式对采集数据进行处理，得出组织准备、行业基础、国家支持和环境压力是最影响电子商务成功的关键因素。
二、国内研究文献综述李静(2011)认为我国在信息化基础设施方面还存在很多不足，与欧美发达国家相比还有不小差距。
她指出当前我国互联网技术还比较落后，宽带费用较高，网速较慢，这些问题都阻碍了电子商务在对外贸易中重要性的进一步提高。
张杨、王栋(2012主要研究我国跨境电商在信息安全方面的问题，他们认为这些风险的根源是我国落后的信息基础建设，信息安全维护的不足使得信用和交易风险被放大。
电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述及外文文献资料
本份文档包含：关于该选题的外文文献、文献综述一、外文文献文献信息标题: E-Commerce in India作者: Saini, Babita期刊: The International Journal of Business & Management卷: 2；；期: 2；页: 1-5；年份: 2014E-Commerce in IndiaAbstractE-commerce stands for electronic commerce and pertains to trading in goods and services through the electronic medium. B2B, B2C, C2C and similar opportunity help consumer preferences and consumer markets developing electronic- infrastructure for challenges of the future. E-commerce has revolutionized business, changing the shape of competition with internet (The NET) ,the computer communication network creating a e-commerce market place for consumers and business . Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a "disruptive" innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. Ecommerce is showing tremendous business growth in our country. Increasing internet users have added to its growth. The present study has been undertaken to describe the present status and facilitators of E-Commerce in India . And to analyze the present trends of E-Commerce in India and examine the barriers of E-Commerce in India. This paper examines different opportunities of e-commerce viz., E-business, E-learning, It raises key challenges that are being faced by consumers relating to e-commerce .Now-a-days, the practice of E-Commerce has been dramatically changed, particularly in last five years . Therefore, E-Commerce form of marketing is a process or a modern technique used by business firms, companies, and industries for doing their business work through the e-net system.Keywords: Electronic Commerce, E-net, E-business1. IntroductionE-Commerce stands for electronic commerce. It means dealing in goods and services through the electronic media and internet. On the internet, it relates to a website of the vendor, who sells products or services directly to the customer from the portal using a digital shopping cart or digital shopping basket system and allows payment through credit card, debit card or EFT (Electronic fund transfer) payments. E-commerce or E-business involves carrying on a business with the help of the internet and by using the information technology like Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). More simply put, E-Commerce is the movement of business onto the World Wide Web. E-Commerce has almost overnight become the dominant online activity. There is no single definition of E- Commerce, it means only commercial activity which is performed or linked to or supported by Electronic Communication. The effects of e-commerce are already appearing in all areas of business, from customer service to new product design.2. What Is E-Commerce?Electronic commerce or e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services. It also pertains to "any form of business transaction in which the parties interact electronically rather by physical exchanges or direct physical contact. E-commerce is usually associated with buying and selling over the Internet, or conducting any transaction involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or services through a computer-mediated network.3. The objectives of the StudyThe objectives of the present study are:* To describe the present status and facilitators of E-Commerce in India;* To analyse the present trends of E-Commerce in India;* To examine the barriers of E-Commerce in India.4. Reasons Behind the Growth of E -Commerce* Busy LifestyleThe lifestyle of people is so busy that they are unable to go to the crowded markets every time for shopping. The customers prefer to shop in a relaxed environment at their own convenience.* High Disposable IncomeWith growing job opportunities the income sources have also increased. Because of high spending power, customers are willingly able to pay for the products online.* Awareness of ProductsPeople are much more aware nowadays regarding thep roducts available in the markets. They are quite aware about new products, product features, availability, price etc. through the help of media like television, radio, newspaper etc. Because of these reasons they feel confident while shopping online.* Rising Computer Educational LevelDue to the efforts of Government and Private Educational Institutions in India, computer education is getting new horizons. People are much more aware regarding the tools and techniques of computers. Not only students of urban areas, students of rural areas, housewives and business persons are also attracted towards the advance technologies of computer like e - commerce and e- business. With the development of educational standards there is automatically a great demand to buy and use new products.* Increased Usage of Internet -Withmore than 100 million Internet users, the country is beginning to achieve a critical mass of users who are familiar with we services. In addition, over the past few years, relatively sophisticated online travel laments ("OTAs"), such as Make My Trip - which started turning these initial Webusers into Web consumers - have dominated Indian e-commerce. Saves Money -One another reason for adapting e- Commerce and online shopping technology is that the unwanted expenditure of petrol, parking and toll etc. is considerably reduced.* Easy to Find the Review of Products -It is quite easy to find the review of products by the help of online shopping. E-commerce has made it simpler to get information regarding the product and the customers can purchase the products after getting reviews and feedback of the product.5. Importance and Uses of E. Commerce* Exploitation of New BusinessBroadly speaking, electronic commerce emphasizes the generation and exploitation of new .business opportunities and to use popular phrases: "generate business value" or "do more with less".* Enabling the CustomersElectronic Commerce is enabling the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made, how products are made and how services are delivered (movement from a slow order fulfillment process with little understanding of what is taking place inside the firm, to a faster and rt1ore open process with customers having greater control.* Improvement of Business TransactionElectronic Commerce endeavors to improve the execution of business transaction over various networks.* Effective PerformanceIt leads to more effective performance i.e. better quality, greater customer satisfaction and better corporate decision making.* Greater Economic EfficiencyWe may achieve greater economic efficiency (lower cost) and more rapid exchange (high speed, accelerated, or real-time interaction) with the help of electronic commerce.* Execution of InformationIt enables the execution of information-laden transactions between two ore more parties using inter connected networks. These networks can be a combination of "plain old telephone system' (POTS), Cable TV, leased lines and wireless. Information based transactions are creating new ways of doing business and even new types of business.* Incorporating TransactionElectronic Commerce also incol 1'orates transaction management, which organizes, routes, processes and tracks transactions. It also includes consumers making electronic payments and funds transfers* Increasing of RevenueThe firm uses technology to either lower operating costs or increase revenue. Electronic Commerce has the Potential to increase revenue by creating new markets for old products, creating new information-based products, and establishing new service delivery channels to better serve and interact with customers. The transaction management aspect of electronic commerce can also enable firms to reduce operating costs by enabling better coordination in the sales, production and distribution processes and to consolidate operations arid reduce overhead.* Reduction of Friction, ElectronicCommerce research and its associated implementations is to reduce the "friction" in online transactions frictions is often described in economics as a transaction cost. It can arise from inefficient market structures and inefficient combinations of the technological activities required to make a transaction. Ultimately, the reduction of friction in online commerce will enable smoother transaction between buyers, intermediaries and sellers.* Facilitating of Network FormElectronic Commerce is also impacting business .to business interactions. It facilitates the network form of organization where small, flexible firms rely on another partner, companies for component supplies and product distribution to meet changing customer demand more effectively. Hence, an end to end relationship management solution is a desirable goal that is needed to manage the chain of networks linking customers, workers, suppliers, distributors and even competitors. The management of "online transactions" in the supply chain assumes a central roll.* Facilitating for Organizational ModelIt is facilitating an organizational model that is fundamentally different from the past. It is a control organization to the information based organization. The emerging forms of techno-organizational structure involve changes in managerial responsibilities, communication and information flows and work group structures .6. Opportunities for E-CommerceYoung Jun Choi1, Chung Suk Suh(2005) reported that the development of the internetin the 20th century led to the birth of an electronic marketplace or it is called e-marketplace, which is now a kernel of electronic commerce (e-commerce). An e- marketplace provides a virtual space where sellers and buyers trade with each other as in the traditional marketplace. Various kinds of economic transactions and buying and selling of goods and services, as well as exchanges of information, take place in e- marketplaces. E-marketplaces have become an alternative place for trading. Finally, an e-marketplace can serve as an information agent that provides buyers and sellers with information on products and other participants in the market. These features have been reshaping the economy by affecting the behavior of buyers and sellers. E-businesses E-business affects the whole business and the value chains in which it operates. It enables a much more integrated level of collaboration between the different components of a value chain than ever before. Adopting e-Business also allows companies to reduce costs and improve customer response time. Organizations that transform their business practices stand to benefit immensely from innumerable new possibilities brought about by technology (/sectors/task-forces/e-business/e-business.htm). E-commerce as anything that involves an online transaction. This can range from ordering online, through online delivery of paid content, to financial transactions such as movement of money between bank accounts. One area where there are some positive indications of e-commerce is financial services. Online stock trading saw sustained growth throughout the period of broadband diffusion. E-shopping is available to all these who use a computer. Over the past year , ebay India, Indiatimes have seen a rapid growth in categories such as mobile handsets, jewellery, fashion apparel, books, gift items and other items.7. Challenges for E CommerceInternet based e-commerce has besides, great advantages, posed many threats because of its being what is popularly called faceless and borderless. Some examples of ethical issues that have emerged as a result of electronic commerce. All of the following examples are both ethical issues and issues that are uniquely related to electronic commerce. Ethical issues: Jackie Gilbert Bette Ann Stead (2001),reported thefollowing ethical issues related to e-commerce.* PrivacyPrivacy has been and continues to be a significant issue of concern for both current and prospective electronic commerce customers. With regard to web interactions and e- commerce the following dimensions are most salient: (1) Privacy consists of not being interfered with, having the power to exclude; individual Privacy is a moral right.(2) Privacy is "a desirable condition with respect to possession of information by other persons about him/herself on the observation/perceiving of him/herself by other persons"* Security ConcernsIn addition to privacy concerns, other ethical issues are involved with electronic commerce. The Internet offers unprecedented ease of access to a vast array of goods and services. The rapidly expanding arena of "click and mortar" and the largely unregulated cyberspace medium have however prompted concerns about both privacy and data security.* Other Ethical IssuesManufacturers Competing with Intermediaries Online "Disintermediation," a means eliminating the intermediary such as retailers, wholesalers, outside sales reps by setting up a Website to sell directly to customers. Disintermediations include (1) music being downloaded directly from producers (2) authors distributing their work from their own Web sites or through writer co-operatives.8. Advantages of E-CommerceE-commerce provides multiple benefits to the consumers in form of availability of goods at lower cost, wider choice and saves time. People can buy goods with a click of mouseButton without moving out of their house or office. Similarly online services such as banking, ticketing (including airlines, bus, railways), bill payments, hotel booking etc. have beenof tremendous benefit for the customers. The Indian e-commerce portals also provide goods and services in a variety of categories like apparel and accessories for men andwomen, health and beauty products, books and magazines, computer and peripherals, vehicles, software, consumer electronics, household appliances, jewelry, audio and videos, entertainment, goods, gift articles, real estate and services.9. Facilitators of E-Commerce in India9.1. Information DirectoriesPortals like / and / maintain directories giving trade details on almost any topic, whether it is from apparel to toys, from gems to heavy machinery, or form food to employment. The products and services are listed with appropriate sub-headings to make it easy for a serious information-seeker to find what he wants. Some other similar sites are /, / and /. Allied services provided by them are message boards, chat rooms, forums, etc.9.2. Banks* Net banking/phone banking: This is an online banking facility available for savings account holders as well as current account holders. Some of the special Net banking services are: Demat accounts for sale/purchase of stocks and shares, Foreign Exchange services, Direct/Instant payment of bills on the account-holder's behalf, Financial Planning etc.* Credit/Debit Cards- Banks facilitate E-commerce by providing the most vital trade instrument, namely the Credit or Debit Card, without which E-commerce would be impossible. Some of the major Indian players in these fields are: /, / and .10. Presents Trends of E-Commerce in IndiaIndia is developing rapidly and if development is to be measured, how can we ignore the role of ecommerce in it. The internet user base in India might still be a mere 100 million which is much less when compared to its penetration in the US or UK but it's surely expanding at an alarming rate. The number of new entrants in this sphere is escalating daily and with growth rate reaching its zenith; it can be presumed that in years to come, customary retailers will feel the need to switch to online business.Insights into increasing demand for broadband services, rising standards of living, availability of wider product ranges, reduced prices and busy lifestyles reveal this fact more prominently thereby giving way to online deals on gift vouchers. Going by the statistics, According to a statement released by the Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI), the ecommerce market was expected to touch Rs 46520 crore turnover marks in 2011. The table-1 shows market size of different verticals of ecommerce industry since 2007 to 2011. The growth in ecommerce business clearly implies the growing number of internet users .The online purchases are limited to certain categories like gaming subscription, food delivery, online classifieds, buying movie tickets, travel related purchases and electronics items etc. The growth in ecommerce industry is primarily driven by online travel industry which has contributed 80 % (Rs 25298 crore) in 2010 and expected to touch 81 % (Rs 37890 Crore) in 2011 of total ecommerce market and is building user confidence. The online travel industry includes sale of domestic air travel, international travel, hotel bookings, railway tickets, bus tickets, tour packages and travel insurance etc.11. Single Product E-CommerceSome Indian portals/websites deal in a specialized field, for example* In Automobiles, the portals are / and /, on these sites we can buy and sell four-wheelers and two-wheelers, new as well as used vehicles, online. Some of the services they provide are; car research and reviews, online evaluation, technical specifications, vehicle insurance, vehicle finance, dealer locator etc.* In Stock and Shares Markets some of the sites are /, /. Some of the services offered to registered members are; Online buying/dealing of stocks and shares, market analysis and research, company information, comparison of companies, research on equity and mutual funds, tracking market trends etc.* In Real Estate, the portals like / facilitate online dealing in real estate. They offer either outright purchase or lease of a property through their portal. They provide information on new properties as well as for resale.One can deal directly with developers/builders or through consultant/brokers. Some of the allied services are housing finance, insurance companies, architects &interior designers, property management consultant services etc.* In Travel and Tourism industry, India has a rich history and heritage and e-commerce is instrumental, to a large extent, in selling India as a product, encouraging Indians as well as foreigners to see its multifaceted culture and beauty. A major Government of India portal, / has a vast variety of information for a potential tourist. The tourist destination sites are categorized according to themes like: eco-themes pertains to jungles, flora and fauna, beaches of India, architectural attractions, forts and places, hill resorts, adventure-trekking, mountain climbing etc. Allied services offered are passport and visa, travel &accommodation information, weather information, festival &fair dates, shopping, tour operators and more. There are also sites that highlight the tourist destinations of a specific region in India, like /, which covers North East India.* In Gift Items: In the bygone days, one had to plan what to gift a loved one, trudge across to your favorite shop, and browse for hours before purchasing a gift. Today there are specific Indian websites making the act of gifting quick and easy to suit ones lifestyle. One such site is httpV/www.indiangiftsportal.conV. The gifts are categorized as collectibles like paintings and sculptures, toys &games, chocolates, flowers, wood-craft &metal craft, luxury items like leather goods, perfumes, jewelry boxes, etc.* Hobbies: The most popular hobbies from time immemorial are reading, music and films. On the India website / one can buy more than 300000 titles of books, cassettes, VCDs and DVDs. The books cover a wide range of topics like business, art, cookery, engineering, children's stories, health, medicine etc. As for music and videos, they are available in English as well as in Indian languages to cater to the varied tastes and the topics range from devotional songs, old-time favorites and retro and jazz to the latest pop, rap etc.* Matrimony: It is said that marriage is made in heaven, but in the world ofe-commerce they are made on marriage portals like / and /. One can search for a suitable match on the websites by region of residence (India or abroad), religion or caste. Once registered with them, they have e-mail facility and chat rooms too, so that the couple gets to know more about each other before making the biggest decision of their lives. Allied services for registered are astrological services, information on customs and rituals, legal issues, health and beauty etc.* In the field of employment two major portals like and are instrumental in providing job seekers with suitable employment at the click of a mouse. They have directories categorized under headings employers and job-seekers. The service for job seekers is free and for employment they charge a nominal fee. Jobs are available online in fields, ranging from secretarial to software development, and from real estate to education.12. Present Scenario and Statistics of EcommerceIt has been estimated that the worldwide E-Commerce market will exceed $46 billion in consumer transactions by the year 2001 (courtesy IDC) and 15% of all WWW users have used it to purchase a product or service online (courtesy CommerceNet/Nielsen Media). The Figure below illustrates the statistics of some of these market predictions. * In 2011 E-Retailing industry was Rs crore 3600.* The number of transaction presently in India is 10 million, which is expected to increase by 38 million by 2015.* Currently the Estimated number of internet user in India is 376 million by 2015.* In 2011 Ecommerce Ventures Raised Around -1622.6 crore of private* Retailer giant Macy's and some other began shipping to India.* In 2012 Amazon entered into India with .* In 2011 growth in online sale of Tesco recorded was 15.2%.* Retail in India is tiny in comparison to $550 billion market which is unorganized.* 12 of ACCEL's 38 investments are e-commerce.* No. of employee in FLIPKART is 3500, this number is 800 at Share of E-commerce industry wise* Travel- 51%* E-Retailing-40%* Cothiers-09%13. ConclusionE-commerce creates new opportunities for business; it also creates new opportunities for education and academics. It appears that there is tremendous potential for providing e-business education. Initially, new Internet users would be reluctant to conduct any kind of business online, citing security reasons as their main concern. In order to increase consumer adoption of e-services, the sources of consumer confusion, apprehension and risk need to be identified, understood and alleviated. E-commerce provides tremendous opportunities in different areas but it requires careful application for consumer protection issues. Growth of e- commerce would also depend to a great extent on effective IT security systems for which necessary technological and legal provisions need to be put in place and strengthened constantly. E-Commerce is the future of shopping. With the deployment of 3 G and 4G wireless communication technologies, the internet economy will continue to grow robustly. In the next 3 to 5 years, India will have 30 to 70 million internet users which will equal, if not surpass, many of the developed countries.二、文献综述电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述摘要本文对电子商务、贸易中介与国际贸易三者间的相互关系进行了梳理，所涉及的文献研究表明，电子商务时代，贸易中介在国际贸易中扮演的角色逐渐发生变化，中介的商品转卖和信息匹配功能优势逐渐丧失，而规模经济、范围经济、降低产品不确定性、资源整合等功能日益突出。
特步品牌跨境电商经营状况调查 (文献综述)(1)(1)
特步品牌跨境电商经营状况调查（文献综述）学院外语系学院商务英语学号1610601208 指导老师：卢成东1. 研究背景 [包括研究意义、课题的来源等等]2001年，公司总裁丁水波以敏锐独到的眼光，创立了国内第一家时尚运动品牌——特步，并首创娱乐明星代言体育用品的全新模式，为特步品牌塑造起时尚、叛逆、特立独行的个性，推动了特步品牌差异化战略的实施，引领特步迈进了崭新的年代。
随着公司经营规模的不断壮大，销售市场的蓬勃发展，2008年在香港成功上市。
2009年12月20日特步电商横空出世，首次“触网”在淘宝建立首个电子商务销售网络后，仅用不到一年的时间，从无到有，将网络分销销售额从0做到5000万元，相较于其他传统鞋企的电子商务之旅，特步所取得的成绩不得不算是一个奇迹.随着互联网行业日趋火热，特步的电商事业发展迅猛，2013年5月16日由特步（中国）有限公司全资注册子公司：厦门天邻缘电子商务有限公司（特步电商公司）正式成立，成为唯一经营特步所有商品的网络业务（含网络直营销售、网络分销、加盟等各种非实体专卖店的业务形态）。
公司集鞋、服及配件系列产品于一体，拥有自行设计、研发、生产到销售的完整链条和成熟团队。
目前，特步电商位列鞋服行业前三名。
2.研究现状2.1国内对于体育产品跨境电商经营中的问题及策略研究学者陶泽邦(2018)在企业报导的文章中陈述了知名体育产品品牌对我国外贸行业的重要性，他认为品牌是我国外贸企业的核心价值，拥有好的品牌是我国外贸企业获得长远发展、在国际竞争中获得自己的一席之地所必须具备的条件。
作者就我国外贸中的品牌问题进行了分析，发现我国外贸企业在外贸中的无自有品牌、不重视品牌的现象非常严重。
我国体育产品外贸企业想要在世界竞争中获胜就必须为自己的产品建立自有品牌，并让这些自有品牌享誉全球，让中国的商品从中国生产跨越成为中国制造。
学者靳志辉，罗燕(2018)在环球企业家的文章中指出门槛低和收益高使得外贸电商对卖家而言极具吸引力。
关于电商平台发展的文献综述范文
关于电商平台发展的文献综述范文英文回答：Introduction.The advent of e-commerce platforms has revolutionized the way businesses operate and consumers make purchases. These platforms have facilitated seamless online shopping, expanded market reach, and introduced innovative business models. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the development of e-commerce platforms, focusing on key trends, challenges, and future directions.Historical Development and Key Trends.E-commerce platforms have evolved significantly since their inception in the early 1990s. Initially, online marketplaces like Amazon and eBay dominated the landscape, offering a wide selection of products from third-party sellers. In recent years, the rise of direct-to-consumer(D2C) brands and omnichannel retailing has led to a more diverse e-commerce ecosystem.Adoption and Growth Drivers.The widespread adoption of smartphones and internet connectivity has fueled the growth of e-commerce platforms. Convenience, time-saving, and the ability to compare prices and products have made online shopping increasingly appealing to consumers. Other drivers include the expansion of logistics and delivery infrastructure, as well as the proliferation of digital marketing channels.Challenges and Opportunities.E-commerce platforms face several challenges, including:Competition: The highly competitive e-commerce market requires platforms to differentiate themselves and adapt to evolving consumer preferences.Cybersecurity: Ensuring data security and preventingfraud is crucial for maintaining customer trust.Logistics and Fulfillment: Managing supply chains, inventory, and last-mile delivery can be complex and costly.Despite these challenges, e-commerce platforms continue to present opportunities for innovation and growth:Personalization: Advanced analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) enable platforms to provide personalized product recommendations and shopping experiences.Sustainability: E-commerce platforms can play a rolein promoting sustainable practices through eco-friendly packaging, reduced shipping emissions, and partnershipswith socially responsible businesses.Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR): VR/AR technologies can enhance online shopping by providing immersive and interactive product experiences.Future Directions.The future of e-commerce platforms is expected to be marked by:AI and Machine Learning (ML): AI and ML will further optimize platform operations, from product search and recommendation to fraud detection and inventory management.Blockchain Technology: Blockchain can enhance data security, improve supply chain transparency, and facilitate cross-platform transactions.Social Commerce: Social media platforms and e-commerce platforms will increasingly intertwine, allowing consumers to make purchases directly from social media posts.Conclusion.E-commerce platforms have transformed the retail landscape, offering consumers unprecedented convenience, choice, and value. While challenges remain, the future of these platforms holds immense potential for innovation andgrowth. By embracing emerging technologies and addressing evolving consumer needs, e-commerce platforms will continue to play a pivotal role in the global economy.中文回答：导言。
跨境电商外文翻译参考文献
跨境电商外文翻译参考文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)译文：跨境电子商务在欧盟的发展动力和壁垒摘要互联网的兴起，往往是与“距离的消亡”或至少减少相关的地理距离在供应信息相关。
我们研究距离事宜仍在实物商品的网上交易是否。
我们使用的数据从一个网络消费者调查小组对网上跨境货物贸易中的一个语言支离破碎的欧盟市场。
分析结果表明，相比线下交易在同一商品的距离相关的交易成本大大降低。
然而，语言相关的交易成本的增加。
此外，网上交易介绍新能源贸易成本如包裹递送和在线支付系统。
在平衡，没有迹象显示在线贸易不偏向于国内市场的产品比线下交易支持。
我们提供给政策制定者推动欧盟数字单一市场的跨境电子商务的选项。
在高效灵活的跨境支付系统的使用增加1%可以增加多达7%的跨境电子商务。
我们还表明，在线交易给英语语言输出国家的比较优势。
关键词电子商务/引力方程/欧盟1.介绍本文实证研究的在线电子商务跨境贸易模式的影响。
互联网的兴起，更一般地，数字通信技术，具有LED许多观察家宣布，距离“死”（Cairncross，1997）。
在这方面，它不在乎信息所在的位置因为它只是一个鼠标点击和信息成本不再是物理距离有关。
在传统的线下实物商品贸易，证据却指向距离成本增加（disdier 和头，2008）。
贸易相结合的基础上的信息和物理的货物运输。
问题是是否将贸易从线下到线上平台是一个足够大的凹痕在信息成本改变贸易总成本因此货物贸易模式。
Blum和Goldfarb（2006）表明，即使是纯粹的信息产品，距离仍然起着重要的作用。
他们认为这是文化上的差异，随着物理距离的增加。
除了信息成本的影响，可能会有副作用，对贸易模式的影响。
网上贸易开辟了一个潜在的更大的地理汇水面积，为供应商和消费者，在产品品种和价格竞争的增加。
这两个因素都将有利于相对脱离的离线和在线贸易对。
然而，出现在网络上，可以减缓甚至逆转这一趋势可能新的信息交易成本的来源。
新的信息成本可能是由于语言，文化和制度的差异和贸易成本，电子商务基础设施业务有关的。
特步品牌跨境电商经营状况调查 (文献综述)(1)(1)
特步品牌跨境电商经营状况调查（文献综述）学院外语系学院商务英语学号1610601208 指导老师：卢成东1. 研究背景 [包括研究意义、课题的来源等等]2001年，公司总裁丁水波以敏锐独到的眼光，创立了国内第一家时尚运动品牌——特步，并首创娱乐明星代言体育用品的全新模式，为特步品牌塑造起时尚、叛逆、特立独行的个性，推动了特步品牌差异化战略的实施，引领特步迈进了崭新的年代。
随着公司经营规模的不断壮大，销售市场的蓬勃发展，2008年在香港成功上市。
2009年12月20日特步电商横空出世，首次“触网”在淘宝建立首个电子商务销售网络后，仅用不到一年的时间，从无到有，将网络分销销售额从0做到5000万元，相较于其他传统鞋企的电子商务之旅，特步所取得的成绩不得不算是一个奇迹.随着互联网行业日趋火热，特步的电商事业发展迅猛，2013年5月16日由特步（中国）有限公司全资注册子公司：厦门天邻缘电子商务有限公司（特步电商公司）正式成立，成为唯一经营特步所有商品的网络业务（含网络直营销售、网络分销、加盟等各种非实体专卖店的业务形态）。
公司集鞋、服及配件系列产品于一体，拥有自行设计、研发、生产到销售的完整链条和成熟团队。
目前，特步电商位列鞋服行业前三名。
2.研究现状2.1国内对于体育产品跨境电商经营中的问题及策略研究学者陶泽邦(2018)在企业报导的文章中陈述了知名体育产品品牌对我国外贸行业的重要性，他认为品牌是我国外贸企业的核心价值，拥有好的品牌是我国外贸企业获得长远发展、在国际竞争中获得自己的一席之地所必须具备的条件。
作者就我国外贸中的品牌问题进行了分析，发现我国外贸企业在外贸中的无自有品牌、不重视品牌的现象非常严重。
我国体育产品外贸企业想要在世界竞争中获胜就必须为自己的产品建立自有品牌，并让这些自有品牌享誉全球，让中国的商品从中国生产跨越成为中国制造。
学者靳志辉，罗燕(2018)在环球企业家的文章中指出门槛低和收益高使得外贸电商对卖家而言极具吸引力。
跨境电商跨境物流外文翻译文献综述
跨境电商跨境物流外文翻译文献综述跨境电商跨境物流外文翻译文献综述(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Cross-border E-commerce and Logistics Mode InnovationGesner G H.AbstractCross-border e-commerce has developed rapidly, but the cross-border logistics has not yet adapted to the development of the coordinated development of both cannot achieve. Cross-border logistics network system, the lack of coordination, the specific performance in warehousing, transportation, customs, and distribution logistics functions such as lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries join the lack of coordination, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. At present the main mode of cross-border logistics including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc. Future cross-border e-commerce logistics development, the need to promote coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border logistics network coordination; Use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics modelupgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen the cooperation with local logisticscompany.Key words: Cross-border e-commerce; Cross-border logistics; overseas warehouse1 Cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics1.1 Cross-border e-commerce1.1.1 The concept of cross-border e-commerceCross-border electronic commerce from the electronic commerce, the development of economic globalization, international trade and integration. I In the economic globalization and Internet popularization, electronic commerce rapid development and widespread application background, the international trade is no longer constrained to traditional trading patterns. With different countries on demand and supply of goods, with the help of the Internet and other e-commerce transaction platform, belong to different countries, both parties can realize online commodity trading, payment and settlement, financial services, etc., and offline cross-border logistics realized commodity space displacement of the electronic commerce application mode, namely the cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce has distinctive features: e-commerce break through the boundaries of nations, the same countries spread to different countries; Traditional trade into the modern elements of electronic commerce, from the traditional offline way of contact, trading, payment, etc, are turning to the Internet channel on the attentive;Logistics broke through national boundaries, in addition to domestic logistics, also involved in international logistics and destination countries, as well as the customs and commodity inspection.1.1.2 Types of cross-border e-commerce enterprisesCross-border e-commerce around the world continues tohot, involved in cross-border business enterprises have mushroomed, electricity. Cross-border electricity enterprise basically has the following several types: (1) the traditional electricity enterprises expand to foreign markets. Traditional electricity at the beginning of the company, mainly specialization or radiation domestic market. In order to continue to grow or to cross-border e-commerce development trend, its business scope from domestic market to expand to foreign markets, thus for the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Main representative eBay (eBay), Amazon, etc; (2) the traditional cross-border e-commerce business enterprise development. Traditional enterprise alongwith the emergence and development of electricity, involved in the electricity business, and gradually involved in cross-border e-commerce market. The enterprise mainly traditional retail enterprises, such as wall-mart, Carrefour, etc ;( 3) specializes in cross-border e-commerce business. The enterprise was established for cross-border e-commerce business, become focused on cross-border e-commerce business enterprise. ;( 4) Logistics companies involved in cross-border e-commerce business. Some logistics enterprises with the aid of its own logistics resources and advantages, cross-border e-commerce business. I mainly include overseas online shopping, Canova Brazil, etc.1.1.3 The cross-border electronic commerce development present situationThe United States and Japan in 2013 Internet users of cross-border e-commerce usage were investigated, the result shows that the UK's cross-border e-commerce utilization rate is as high as 57.3%, far more than 44.7% of the 44.7% of the U.S. and Japan.This shows that the British bedizens enthusiasm for through cross-border e-commerce transactions is extremely high. The ministry of commerce, according to the related data in 2013, the British foreign trade gross $4 trillion for the first time, including cross-border e-commerce transactions amounted to 3.1 trillion Yuan, year-on-year growth of 31.3%, cumulative in terms of export shall list of 38.235 million, involving 181 countries and regions, the amount of about 2.04 billion yuan; On the import side acceptance package more than 4.11 million, about 1.01 billion RMB. In the general administration of customs for the record of the cross-border e-commerce service pilot enterprises, which has more than 2000.Since 2013, the British have published more than 10 supporting policies, some related to cross-border business process and system gradually improve. Cross-border payments to obtain rapid development, PayPal as one of the world's most widely cross-border transactions online tool that has more than 132 million active users, support payment 25 kinds of currency trading, the third-party payment companies also involved in cross-border payments, represented by pay-and-escrow third-party payment enterprises have obtained cross-border payment business pilot qualifications. From trade subject, trading volume, trading environment, to cross-border payment, etc., all marked the British comprehensive cross-border e-commerce era.1.2 Cross-border logistics development situation1.2.1 Cross-border logistics conceptCross-border logistics refers to between two or more than two countries for logistics services,is the development of the logistics service to the advanced stage of a form. Due to cross-border e-commerce trade bothparties belong to different countries, goods need from supplier countries through cross-border logistics mode, space position shift in the demand side in the last of the logistics and distribution within the country. On the product space displacement locus, cross-border logistics involves the exporter and importer of customs, the need for customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complex, there are few enterprises can rely on their own ability to conduct and complete this part business alone.1.2.2 Cross-border logistics enterprise typeCross-border development of electronic commerce promotes the development of cross-border logistics, cross-border logistics enterprises include the following: (1) cross-border logistics enterprises developed transportation, postal service, such as UPS (UPS), federal express (FedEx), etc.;(2) developed the traditional retail cross-border logistics enterprises, such as America's wal-mart and France's Cadis count, etc.;(3) large manufacturing companies or retail enterprise form of cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.;(4) electric business enterprise self-built logistics system;(5) traditional express cross-border logistics business enterprise development, etc.;6 new cross-border logistics enterprises, etc.1.2.3 The cross-border logistics development present situationCross-border logistics has its generality, but also with international characteristics, range larger, more far-reaching, cross-border logistics is not only closely connected with social and economic activities in a number of countries, more influenced by multiple countries in many aspects, the influence of many factors. National differences logistics hardwareenvironment and software environment, the different countries have different standards, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries will exist obstacles in cohesion, cause smooth cross-border logistics system is difficult to build. Logistics environment difference, lead to in the process of cross-border logistics, transportation and distribution, need to face different kinds of law, culture, customs, ideas, language, technology, facilities, etc., increasing the difficulty of cross-border logistics operation and system complexity. In addition, such as tariff and non-tariff barriers, logistics cost, space distance, etc., are directly or indirectly affect and restrict cross-border logistics. Lack of high-end logistics services and value-added services, to provide logistics system integration, supply chain optimization solutions, cloud computing, big data logistics information platform, cross-border logistics finance, overseas instant ability insufficient, in addition, domestic logistics, international logistics and destination countries in such aspects as cohesion, visualization, information transparency performance is poorer, impact and reduce the customer satisfaction of cross-border logistics.2. Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceSynergy is a word has a long history, the main emphasis on coordination between the various elements in the system, synchronous, cooperation and complementary. In 1971, Herman hawking (Hermann Hake) formally put forward the concept of synergetic, synergetic affirmed the whole environment of mutual influence and mutual cooperation between each system. Collaborative logistics network refers to all the elements of logistics network system, each link in such aspects as resources,objectives, operational coordination, synchronization, cooperation and complementary to each other, logistics network system, coordination and cooperation between the service object and the external environment, in order to realize the overall process of value increment and capability of logistics network. Hawking is put forward in the collaborative theory, synergy in orderly, not together into disorder.2.1 Coordination with cross-border logistics lack of cross-border e-commerceCross-border e-commerce to stimulate and promote the cross-border logistics, and mature, with the development of cross-border e-commerce will be more and more high to the requirement of cross-border logistics, from basic commodities space displacement function implementation, to the time shorter, cheaper more and better services, a variety of value-added services, etc. Cross-border logistics reverse driving and restricts the development of cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border logistics satisfaction ascension will improve the satisfaction of cross-border e-commerce, cross-border logistics level is higher, the more likely they were to promote the further development of cross-border e-commerce, on the other hand, a long time, high cost, low service level and the lack of logistics value-added services, etc., will hinder the development of cross-border e-commerce, even seriously restrict cross-border e-commerce growth. Therefore, cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics is a whole system. Currently, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of synergy and development level of the two don't match.2.2 Cross-border logistics in warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection,distribution and logistics functions on the lack of coordinationOn cross-border logistics function, including warehousing, transportation, customs, commodity inspection, delivery, and testcross-border logistics increased international transportation, customs and commodity inspection. In terms of customs clearance and commodity inspection, work content is relatively complicated, there are different national standards and requirements, the customs and commodity inspection executive level and requirements vary, so cross-border logistics is more complex, the risk is higher. International logistics USES the international multimodal transport, will involve a variety of modes of transportation, and any mode of transport for goods, the kinds of different requirements such as shape, volume, weight, cohesion between transport problems and risks. Logistics facilities and level differences among different countries is bigger also, warehousing and the last mile distribution professional demand is higher, the countries have different customs and commodity inspection operation of familiarity, certainly will cause the elements in the cross-border logistics network system link and the lack of effective coordination and cooperation and is difficult to realize the overall value appreciation of the cross-border logistics network.2.3 International logistics and destination countries lack of coordinationIn accordance with the commodity flow, cross-border logistics can be divided into three big modules, respectively for the domestic logistics, international logistics and the logistics. Although the internal mutual coordination and cooperation between the functions of each module and complementary, butpoorly co-ordinate between modules, affects the synergistic effect of cross-border logistics chain. Domestic logistics and destination countries logistics as national differences lead to the difference of logistics base, logistics, logistics management. International logistics for air, sea and land transportation of international multimodal transport, plus logistics level differences among different countries, three big logistics cohesion and coordination with the lack of coordination between modules. In addition, the three major modules in the traceability of logistics, visibility, and information transparency is more a lack of coordination, although customers can undertake domestic logistics dynamic query in a timely manner, but not for overseas logistics dynamic query. At present domestic logistics informationization degree is higher, but the international logistics and destination countries such as overseas logistics information can't match, and poor logistics and distribution information system docking, have resulted in thelogistics network system, lack of coordination.2.4 Cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack synergy cross-border logistics network and the service object, the external environment of synergy, to achieve value-added overall cross-border logistics network system and function. Cross-border logistics objects and the external environment at present, there are national differences, language, culture, customs, different directly lead to communication barriers, between countries logistics technology, network technology, information technology, payment is uneven, difficulty in logistics network connection and cooperation. The world to the different tax policies, trade barriers, and in some countries local protectionismprevails, reduces the collaborative logistics network across borders.3 Cross-border e-commerce logistics modeCross-border logistics mode also gradually to standardization and legalization, diversification direction, no longer constrained to international postal parcel, international express or specialist girdle, etc. Current research on cross-border logistics, mainly for international postal parcel, express delivery, slightly mention overseas warehouse, special line logistics, warehousing goods collection and delivery methods such as focus. Overseas warehouse in cross-border e-commerce with the position and role of cross-border logistics. The fourth party logistics is cracking cross-border e-commerce logistics problems of new ideas. Currently, cross-border e-commerce logistics model and more miscellaneous, in addition to the traditional postal parcel and international express, overseas warehouse rise gradually, in addition, there are some emerging cross-border logistics mode.3.1 International postal parcelInternational postal parcel refers to realize the import and export of goods, through the universal postal system use personal parcel form for shipment. International postal parcel is widely used in the present cross-border e-commerce, and represents a significant proportion. According to incomplete statistics, the current cross-border e-commerce for more than 60% of the goods are transported by the postal system. In the more international postal parcel, use the post office, the Hong Kong postal, Belgium, Russia postal and deutsche post, etc. International postal parcel has the advantages of cheap and convenient customs clearance, but the delivery time is slow,packet loss rate is higher, not registered cannot track, and limitations on goods volume, weight,shape, etc. Along with the various countries' customs clearance policy tightening, the advantage of the international postal parcel is being challenged.3.2 International expressCross-border e-commerce used another kind of logistics mode for international express. Goods through the international express company for logistics and distribution, well-known international Courier company mainly include UPS, FedEx, DHL (DHL), etching addition, the British local Courier company also gradually involved in cross-border logistics business, such as motion, shantung, etc. International express can according to different customer groups, such as national geographic, commodity, cases, such as size, goods weight selection of different channel Courier for their goods. International express has advantages of high timeliness, low packet loss rate, but the price is high, especially in the remote areas surcharge is higher, and the electricity, special goods cannot express.3.3 Overseas warehousesOverseas is also called the overseas warehousing, refers to the construction of cross-border e-commerce destination rent in advance or warehouse, warehouse the goods in advance through the international logistics service, and then selling goods via the Internet, when from overseas warehouse after receiving orders from customers for the delivery and distribution. Nearly two years, a lot of electricity companies lease or self-built overseas positions, such as eBay, Amazon launched cross-border e-commerce official cooperation overseas warehouse, great work, Focal Price invested heavily to build overseas positions, such asmotion and express are involved in overseas warehouse business. Overseas cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics warehouse is a breakthrough, to solve international postal parcel and international express delivery, limitation such as logistics, logistics cost, customs and commodity inspection, the problem such as localization and return. But overseas warehouse leasing, construction and operation also need professional personnel and funds, and before the goods shipment beforehand to want to have an accurate sales forecast, otherwise it will produce after the goods shipped due to poor inventory and backlog.3.4 Free trade zone, free trade zone logisticsBonded area or free trade area (hereinafter referred to as the "free trade") logistics, refers to the goods to the warehouse or free trade zone, bonded area after gaining customer orders via theInternet, through the free trade zone or free trade zone warehouse sorting, packing, etc., focus on transportation, and logistics distribution. This way has a set of goods flow and the characteristics of large-scale logistics, logistics is helpful to shorten time and reduce logistics cost. Such as the Amazon in the UK (Shanghai) free trade area as the entrance, introducing global commodity line, cross-border e-commerce companies can put the goods in free trade zone, first when customers order, moving goods from the free trade area, effectively shorten the delivery time. Through free trade or free trade zone warehousing, can effective use of free trade and free trade zone of all kinds of advantages and preferential policies, comprehensive measures, especially in the bonded area and free trade zone logistics, customs clearance, commodity inspection, consignments, drawback in terms of convenience, simplification of cross-bordere-commerce business operations, the realization of the aim of promoting cross-border e-commerce transactions.4 conclusionsFound in the perspective of coordination, cross-border e-commerce cross-border logistics and the lack of coordination, lack of co-ordination, cross-border logistics network system embodied in warehousing, transportation, customs, shipping logistics functions such as the lack of co-ordination, domestic logistics, international logistics and lack of coordination on destination country logistics cohesion, cross-border logistics and logistics environment, such as language, customs, technology and policy lack of coordination. Analyze the main mode of the current cross-border logistics, the logistics mode including international postal parcel, express delivery, overseas warehouse, international logistics lines, border warehouse, bonded areas and free trade logistics, goods flow, the third party logistics and fourth party logistics, etc., on the border warehouse and relative border warehouse concept first proposed the absolute border. On the basis of the above research, this paper puts forward the development trend of cross-border e-commerce logistics and direction, not only need to push the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce with cross-border logistics and cross-border collaborative logistics network, will also use a variety of common way of cross-border logistics mode, to promote logistics outsourcing is represented by the fourth party logistics model upgrade, implement cross-border logistics localization operation, strengthen cooperation with local logistics company, etc.译文：跨境电子商务与物流模式创新Gesner G H.摘要跨境电子商务发展迅速，但跨境物流尚未适应其发展，二者无法实现协同发展。
跨境电商外文文献综述
跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 译文: 本地化跨境电子商务的模型摘要通过对国际供应链的B2B电子商务交易量的快速增长和伊朗快速增加的跨境交易业务，跨境电商过程的有效管理对B2B电子商务系统十分重要。
对局部模型的结构是基于B2B电子商务的基础设施三大层，消息层、业务流程层和内容层。
于伊朗的电子商务的要求，每一层的需要适当的标准和合适的方案的选择。
当电子文件需要移动顺利向伊朗，建议文件的标准为文件内容支持纸质和电子文件阅读。
验证提出的模型是通过案例研究方法呈现一到四阶段的情景。
试图通过交换商业文件在贸易过程中这一局部模型，实现在全球电子贸易供应链更接近区域单一窗口建设的关键目标。
关键词：电子商务;跨境贸易;电子文档管理;国际供应链跨境电商外文文献综述1.简介电子商务是关于在互联网或其他网络电子系统购买和销售产品或服务。
术语B2B，描述了企业间的电子商务交易，如制造商和批发商，或批发商和零售商之间。
的研究目标是上两个不同国家贸易商之间的通信。
今天的世界贸易组织的主要目标之一是建立区域单一窗口，可以提高世界各地的贸易便利化。
建立区域单一窗口需要跨境海关，可以有效地交换贸易文件。
因此，首先，简化跨境贸易文件的关键在于朝着国家单一窗口移动。
然后，区域单一窗口可以授权国家之间的通信。
电子商务模型是基于三个主要逻辑层的研究。
这三个层消息传输层，业务处理层和内容层。
的局部模型是一种能够自动交换读取文件的过程。
通过与东亚和中东国家的建立区域单一窗口可以在将来得到改善的更多的互操作性，从而建立伊朗国家单一窗口在的第二部分讨论引进国际供应链中的跨境B2B模式所需的基本概念和标准。
第三部分介绍在大的模型中引入的组件功能和范围。
第四部分讨论了B2B交易层模型的定位，最后结束。
2.背景在本节中，除了了解B2B电子商务在伊朗的情况，还有参考模型的背景等概念以及讨论B2B电子商务跨境模式的本土化。
跨境电子商务发展研究的文献综述
跨境电子商务发展研究的文献综述跨境电子商务的优势，使各国都希望借助这一新兴的贸易模式，实现本国对外贸易的发展。
我国在传统对外贸易形势不乐观的基础下，跨境电子商务却快速增长，得力于国家对跨境电子商务发展的大力支持。
在这一背景下，国内外学者对跨境电子商务的研究出现热潮，本文通过梳理相关文献，综述目前国内外对跨境电子商务发展的研究，以为学者研究跨境电子商务提供参考。
标签：跨境电子商务；对外贸易；文献综述梳理相关文献可知，目前国内外对跨境电子商务的研究主要分成此六部分：一、关于影响我国企业应用跨境电子商务因素的研究Estrella Gomez-Herrera等（2013）采用引力模型分析，表明跨境电子商务缩短了国际贸易的地域界限，却增加了跨语言沟通的障碍。
杨坚争和刘涵（2014）调查发现我国企业规模越大，应用跨境电子商务的水平越高。
而谌楠和刘罡（2014）认为基础设施准备度、收益、外部压力以及政策是影响企业运用跨境电子商务的主要因素，企业规模只起调节作用。
杨坚争和于露（2014），杨纳川等（2015）论述了影响跨境电子商务交易第三方平台使用效果的因素：网络营销、国际支付条件、电子通关、法律规范和国际物流，而王敬兰（2015）认为信用缺失也是影响因素。
进一步，王林等（2014）得出营销能力是影响跨境电子商务发展的关键，物流是影响瓶颈的结论。
针对特定地区，杨坚争和李子（2014）发现法律问题，法律规范和国际经济环境依次是影响长三角地区跨境电子商务的因素。
APEC Business Advisory Council（2015）构建了跨境电子商务框架以评测影响企业运用跨境电子商务的因素。
二、有关跨境电子商务法律法规制度问题的研究蔡庆辉（2001）就跨境电子商务所得思考，认为电子商务所得分类规则面临困境，同时我国政府应尽快制定并颁布税收相关方面的法规。
Rifat Azam（2012）指出跨境电子商务应该征税，税收将由全球税收基金这一全新的机构管理。
跨境电商外文文献综述
跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商（Cross-border e-commerce）指的是通过互联网和其他数字技术手段，将商品或服务从一个国家或地区卖给另一个国家或地区的商业行为。
近年来，跨境电商市场呈现出快速增长的趋势，成为国际贸易的焦点之一。
本文将对跨境电商领域的外文文献进行综述，旨在了解该领域的研究进展和发展趋势。
一、跨境电商的发展现状根据Angelnett（2017）的研究，全球跨境电商市场规模呈现逐年增长的趋势，预计将达到数万亿美元的规模。
其中，跨境出口电商受到许多国家政府的重视和支持，成为推动国际贸易转型升级的重要力量。
同时，跨境进口电商也在各国市场上迅速发展，为消费者提供了更丰富的商品选择。
二、跨境电商的优势与挑战根据Fedes（2016）的研究，跨境电商相比传统贸易方式具有许多优势。
首先，跨境电商降低了进入市场的门槛，使得中小型企业也能够参与国际贸易。
其次，跨境电商提供了更广阔的市场空间，通过互联网的连接，企业可以触达全球消费者。
然而，跨境电商也面临一些挑战，如语言和文化差异、物流配送和税收政策等问题。
三、跨境电商的发展趋势据Gongxun（2018）的研究，跨境电商在技术和政策的推动下正不断发展和演进。
首先，人工智能技术的应用使得跨境电商平台能够更好地了解消费者需求，并提供个性化的购物体验。
其次，区块链技术的引入提高了交易的安全性和透明度，打造了信任的环境。
此外，电子支付的普及和跨境结算的便利化也为跨境电商的发展提供了有力支撑。
四、跨境电商政策与法规根据Deri（2019）的研究，各国政府纷纷制定相关政策和法规来规范跨境电商市场的发展。
其中，包括建立跨境电商监管机构、制定税收政策、加强知识产权保护等。
这些政策和法规的出台有效促进了跨境电商市场的健康发展，维护了消费者权益和市场秩序。
五、跨境电商的影响与启示跨境电商的兴起对国际贸易格局和传统零售业产生了深远的影响。
根据Li（2020）的研究，跨境电商的快速发展不仅改变了国际供应链，也推动了物流、金融和服务业的转型升级。
跨境电商的现状及前景文献综述怎么写
跨境电商的现状及前景文献综述跨境电商是指跨国界进行线上交易的商业模式，随着全球化趋势的加剧，跨境电商逐渐成为各国企业发展的重要战略方向。
在当今全球互联网发展的浪潮下，跨境电商在国际贸易中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
现状全球跨境电商规模增长迅速自1990年代起，随着互联网的普及和电子商务技术的发展，全球跨境电商规模不断扩大。
据统计数据显示，全球跨境电商市场规模今年有望突破数千亿美元，呈现出高速增长的态势。
跨境电商平台竞争激烈随着跨境电商市场的壮大，各国企业纷纷涉足这一领域，跨境电商平台之间的竞争也变得愈发激烈。
一些主要的跨境电商平台如亚马逊、阿里巴巴、EBay等已经成为跨境电商的主要推动者。
政策和法律环境逐渐完善各国政府和相关机构对跨境电商的管理逐渐规范，相关政策和法律环境也在逐步完善。
这有利于跨境电商的稳定发展和促进国际贸易的便利化。
前景电子商务技术的进步促进跨境电商发展随着科技的不断发展和创新，电子商务技术的应用范围不断扩大，云计算、大数据、区块链等新技术的应用为跨境电商的发展提供了更多可能性。
电子商务技术的进步将进一步推动跨境电商的发展。
多元化的国际贸易合作推动跨境电商的进一步发展各国之间开展的多元化的国际贸易合作将会进一步推动跨境电商的发展。
通过加强国际经济合作，促进商品和服务的跨境流通，跨境电商将有更广阔的发展空间。
消费者需求的变化助推跨境电商行业的繁荣消费者对商品和服务的需求越来越多样化和个性化，跨境电商为消费者提供了更多元的选择和更便捷的购物方式。
消费者需求的变化将助推跨境电商行业的繁荣发展。
结语综上所述，跨境电商在现阶段已经成为国际贸易中不可或缺的一部分，随着科技的不断进步和国际环境的不断优化，跨境电商将迎来更为广阔的发展前景。
各国企业和相关机构在跨境电商领域应加强合作，共同促进跨境电商行业的健康发展，推动全球经济的繁荣。
跨境电商文献综述范文3000字
跨境电商文献综述范文3000字跨境电商文献综述随着全球经济的发展和互联网技术的不断进步，跨境电商已经成为越来越多企业的选择。
本文将从跨境电商的概念、发展现状、影响因素、发展趋势等方面进行综述。
一、跨境电商的概念跨境电商是指在国际贸易中，利用电子商务平台开展跨境交易的商业行为。
跨境电商不同于传统的进出口贸易，它利用互联网技术、电子支付、物流配送等手段，将商品和服务销售到海外市场，实现全球范围内的交易。
跨境电商的主要形式包括B2B、B2C、C2C等模式，其中B2C模式是目前最为普遍的跨境电商形式。
二、跨境电商的发展现状跨境电商在全球范围内快速发展。
据中国电子商务研究中心统计，2019年我国跨境电商零售进出口规模达到1.69万亿元，同比增长16.5%。
同时，国内跨境电商企业也在加速海外市场的布局，如阿里巴巴、京东、拼多多等公司都在积极拓展海外业务。
在全球范围内，美国、欧洲、日本等地的跨境电商市场也在快速增长。
其中，亚马逊、eBay、Walmart等美国公司是全球跨境电商巨头，其海外销售额占公司总销售额的比重也在不断提高。
欧洲的跨境电商市场也在不断扩大，德国、英国、法国等国家的跨境电商市场规模较大。
日本的跨境电商市场以C2C模式为主，主要平台有Yahoo Auction和Rakuten等。
三、影响跨境电商发展的因素1.政策因素：政策的变化对跨境电商发展有着重要的影响。
比如，我国政府对跨境电商的政策不断调整，目前已经出台了一系列促进跨境电商发展的政策，如简化跨境电商进出口流程、降低税率等。
2.物流因素：跨境电商的物流配送是影响发展的重要因素。
物流过程中的时间、成本、可靠性等都会影响消费者的购买意愿。
因此，跨境电商企业需要不断完善物流配送服务，提高交付速度和准确度。
3.支付因素：跨境交易支付方式和货币种类的不同也会对跨境电商产生影响。
企业需要提供多种支付方式，方便消费者的选择，并且具有一定的货币转换能力。
4.消费者因素：跨境电商的发展与消费者的需求密切相关。
跨境电商国外文献综述
跨境电商国外文献综述标题：跨境电商国外文献综述引言：跨境电子商务是指通过互联网平台进行跨国交易的商业活动。
近年来，随着互联网技术的飞速发展和全球市场的融合，跨境电商在国际贸易中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
本文将基于深度和广度标准，综合国外的相关文献，对跨境电商的各个方面进行评估和探讨，旨在帮助读者更全面、深入地理解这一领域。
第一部分：跨境电商的定义和特点1.1 跨境电商的定义根据国际贸易研究机构的定义，跨境电商是指通过电子商务平台进行跨国交易的商业活动。
它打破了传统贸易壁垒，使消费者可以方便地购买来自世界各地的商品和服务。
1.2 跨境电商的特点跨境电商具有以下几个特点：- 全球市场：跨境电商可以涉及到全球各个地区的买卖双方，扩大了市场规模。
- 无时差交易：由于时差的存在，跨境电商可以实现全天候交易，提高了效率。
- 反向创新：在跨境电商中，一些发展中国家的企业可以借助先进的电商平台，进行产品创新和市场开拓，推动本土经济发展。
第二部分：跨境电商的优势和挑战2.1 跨境电商的优势跨境电商相比传统贸易方式具有以下优势：- 扩大市场：通过电商平台，企业可以通过全球市场扩大销售额。
- 降低成本：跨境电商可以降低传统贸易中的中间环节和物流成本，提高企业盈利能力。
- 提高效率：通过电商平台，企业可以实现高效的供应链管理和订单处理。
2.2 跨境电商的挑战然而，跨境电商也面临一些挑战：- 跨国法规的不确定性：由于各国法规的不同，跨境电商需要处理复杂的法律和政策问题。
- 语言和文化差异：不同国家之间存在语言和文化差异，跨境电商需要针对不同市场进行定制化服务。
- 支付和物流问题：支付和快递体系在不同国家之间存在差异，跨境电商需要解决支付结算和物流配送的问题。
第三部分：跨境电商的发展趋势和前景3.1 跨境电商的发展趋势根据文献综述，跨境电商的发展趋势包括以下几个方面：- 移动端的兴起：随着智能手机和移动支付的普及，移动端跨境电商将成为未来的发展趋势。
跨境电商外文文献翻译2017
文献出处：Martens B. The Study on the Cross-border E-Commerce of SMEs[JJ. Information Economics and Policy，2017, 1(3): 83-93.原文The Study on the Cross-border E-Commerce of SMEsMartens BAbstractElectronic commerce as the information technology in the information age and the combination of the commercial trade, has begun to gradually replace the traditional trade way. With the deepening of the reform, opening up and with the world，cross-border e-commerce gradually rises, as an important branch of the e-business. It in promoting domestic import and export, meet the demand of People's Daily life play an irreplaceable role. Existing cross-border enterprise commodity richness, cross-border payment completeness, there has been a very good ascension on further promotion lies in the control of logistics. To the enterprise itself, the standardization of the warehouse management and intelligent，transportation and delivery of efficient and cooperative relations, as well as the purchasing and supply chain are in urgent need to solve the problem of big data management. Cross-border e-commerce storage most belongs to the third party logistics outsourcing logistics. This requires to establish a set of scientific storage warehouse management measures, standardized management and form a complete set of simple intelligent operating system, make all kinds of logistics professional users convenientmanagement inventory, realize the seamless joint between logistics, information flow. Keywords: cross-border e-commerce, small and medium-sizedenterprises, standardization management 1IntroductionUnder the trend of economic globalization, more and more small and medium-sized enterprises began the process of internationalization and participate in international trade-in recent years, the international economic environment is not very good, however, a slow economic recovery in the United States, the European economy has not yet get rid of the influence of European debt crisis, the traditional international trade by the obstacles of small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to seek a way out, cross-border e-commerce became the new choice of many small and medium-sized enterprise trade way transformation. International trade through the cross-border e-commerce，it can greatly simplify the process of international trade, cross-border electric business platform, and in small and medium-sized enterprises obtain the chance of a fair competition with large enterprises, to further expand the international market, increase market share. But the small and medium-sized enterprises in the process of application of cross-border e-commerce also encountered problems and confusion: small and medium-sized enterprises not only hard to choose effective cross-border electric business platform model, and small and medium-sized enterprises are not clear in what factors should be put in more effort to ensure the successful application of cross-border e-commerce.Cross-border e-commerce as a new mode of small and medium-sized enterprises offoreign trade，can not only reduce the trade cost of enterprise, can help enterprises to enhance brand awareness and expand overseas markets. Cross-border e-commerce at the same time also can be a very good match for small and medium-sized enterprise itself and the advantage of fast, flexible realizing flexible production and the upgrading of personalized marketing. With the rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprise cross-border e-commerce, countries also give strong support, headed by the ministry of commerce departments with relevant policies, with the setting up of cross-border business pilot cities, to strengthen the construction of cross-border electronic business logistics system，open cross-border electronic payments, cross-border e-commerce in the same business preferential export and tax rebate for the development of cross-border e-commerce.2 The related concepts and development status of cross-border e-commerce2 A The concept of cross-border e-commerceCross-border e-commerce is based on electronic commerce based on yam out of new concept, referring to belong to different customs frontier trading main body，through the e-commerce platform of a deal, the payment and settlement, and through the cross-border logistics delivery goods, complete the transaction of an international trade activity.2.2 Cross-border e-commerce model(1) Traditional cross-border commodity trading platform model，main business model for large B2B.This model is in the service reaches a certain scale of cross-border B2B model; it can provide network marketing platfonn for members of the domestic and overseas customers，suppliers or purchasers of a commodity or service message. Has a wide coverage，can cover the Internet, such as offline exhibitions and print media channels.(2) The integrated cross-border small wholesale and retail platform model, the main business model is the minor B2B and C2C.This model is a kind of independent third party sales platform, platform within the sellers is the domestic foreign trade companies, buyers platform is outside the terminal consumer. Don^t participate in such a platfonn specific trading links; only provide a platform for members to their marketing and trading.(3) Vertical cross-border small retail platform model, the main business model is independent of B2C-This model is to point to by free team original direct docking terminal consumers abroad. Contact their domestic foreign trade enterprise as well as suppliers, self-built B2C platform will products sold overseas. Services include logistics, payment，and customer service system，etc.(4) The professional third party cross-border services platform model, the main business model is your agent.Such platform mode will not directly or indirectly involve in any link in online transactions, but in view of the enterprises of different industries and features to customize all kinds of professional solutions- Service coverage of comprehensive and professionalnovice makes more and more companies choose this mode.2.3 The development status of cross-border e-commerce 2.3.1Cross-border e-commerce market has huge potentialCross-border e-commerce business, the biggest advantage is that based on Internet network operating mode, the new way of e-commerce is reshaping of small and medium-sized enterprises international trade process. First, cross-border e-commerce to break the traditional foreign trade monopoly on overseas channels, such as importers, wholesalers, distributors，etc. Allows exporters to the goods directly to the final demand，such as retailers，and even the final consumers, successfully reduced trade channels of the intermediate links and commodity costs, the middle channel and reduce the costs in commodity circulation considerably increase the profitability of the firm. And consumers can also to activity material benefit from it.Since 2011，under the condition of import and export growth is flat, cross-border e-commerce with the new trade patterns，it has obtained high speed development. Many companies also discovered the advantage，since 2013, many of the traditional enterprise began to cross-border electric field.^ Electric shock11cross-border e-commerce has become an important option for the traditional enterprise own development.2.3-2 B2C mode in the cross-border electric business platform model, the growth is more outstandingAnd cross-border e-commerce according to the large sales platform can be divided into the form of B2C and B2B forms. Through the cash flow，profit model and profitabilitylevel compared to cross-border e-commerceB2B and B2C two modes, can be found the B2C mode will implement the explosive growth, the pattern will occupy the more and more in cross-border e-commerce dealer market share and become a new profit growth point of small and medium-sized enterprises.Why B2C mode to achieve such growth? First, in the open Internet environment, the B2C pattern are more likely to break through the border restriction，fully developed commodity market segment， small commodity market, commodity market long tail. And in the limited area within the market, compared to the fierce market competition，the enterprise is able to create more business opportunities; Second, the B2C online retailing direct contact with consumers, can effectively grasp the market information, grasp the products popular trend，at the same time, through the B2C website can better create enterprise brand image, become the symbol of a brand in the international market, instead of the traditional generation processing factory. Finally，compared with traditional foreign trade through the B2C mode allows manufacturers to deal directly with the final consumers，to avoid the entire winning price link, customers can enjoy more preferential price, the enterprise can earn higher profits.2.3.3 More diversified way of cross-border payment and settlement developmentCross-border electronic payment business of foreign exchange funds flow, inevitably involve the consignments and money out. From the current payment business development, cross-border electronic payment and settlement way is mainly a cross-border income settlement way (including third party receiving foreign exchange settlement, foreignexchange settlement in the name of the foreign exchange settlement or personal split flows, by domestic bank remittance, through the underground Banks realize cross-border collect foreign exchange settlement, etc.) and cross-border payment remittance way (including the third party exchanges, through domestic bank remit, overseas electrical contractor to accept RMB payment, etc.).3 Cross-border e-commerce business for small and medium-sized enterprises the impact of international tradeUnder the traditional way of international trade，small and medium-sized enterprises due to the lack of funds and scale, limited by factors such as cost and risk considerations, when trade and overseas buyers, there are a lot of obstacles, seriously affected the growth of overseas orders. But, after the application of the cross-border e-commerce enterprises through the network marketing，have more trading opportunities and the global market.3J Reducing the costs of international trade First, the small and medium-sized enterprises reduce the cost of inventory: now based on cross-border electric business platform, enterprises can directly with overseas clients, to achieve docking, can real-time understand the latest needs of customers，and immediately arrange production line for production, raw materials and products in the warehouse for a shorter time for several times. Due to cross-border e-commerce saves the intermediate links, the product can be directly sent to the customer，greatly reduce the inventory cost of the enterprise.Reduce procurement costs: second, small and medium enterprises in cross-bordere-commerce platform，enterprises can realize information through the media of Internet real-time equivalent, in the purchase link, the enterprise leaves out the conventional time cost caused by written form of communication. Can also, with the help of cross-border electric business platform to realize the seamless docking with the raw material of, under the platform set still can obtain the corresponding discount- Lower marketing costs: third, small and medium enterprises of small and medium-sized enterprise application can cross-border e-commerce through a third party electric business platform, with the help of the technology advantage of website online marketing platform, cross-border e-commerce huge traffic also ensures the potential customer market，for such services，on the basis of small and medium-sized enterprises only need to pay a fixed subscription fee or a certain income percentages into to the platform, economic costs are well controlled.3-2 Changed the traditional marketing mode of international tradeThe birth of cross-border e-commerce to small and medium-sized enterprises (sees) provides a new mode of foreign trade. Foreign trade through cross-border e-commerce uses the mode of network marketing integration of small and medium-sized enterprises and the relationship between overseas customers• That both parties are no longer the traditional one-to-one relationship but a one-to-many relationship, for small and medium-sized enterprises create more trading opportunities. Through cross-border electric business platform to expand trade, good solves the problem of information asymmetry，in the two-way choice, cross-border sales of electricity will be further to develop in thedirection of customization, to a certain extent subverts the traditional marketing mode of foreign trade.In traditional international trade, the consultation process not only time consuming, cost is relatively high. In cross-border e-commerce environment, the consultation process has a lot of improvement，electronic contract replaced the previous paper, order and electronic mail and encryption processing, has improved security. Reduced the trading link in many traditional trade way, saves the time of the consultation process between the seller and the buyer，consultation can save much cost，gives the consultation process more safe and reliable，different from traditional trade deal，after application of cross-border e-commerce, contract can also be done on the Internet by electronic signature, and the policy of "electronic signature law•丨，also makes the electronic signature has the same legal effect with traditional manual signature. That is to say electronic signature in accordance with the law.3-3 Created more opportunities for international tradeCross-border e-commerce makes the foreign trade to get rid of the limit of time and place of two factors. And products through the platform website marketing propaganda allows the small and medium-sized enterprises to face the world, by cross-border electric business platform toensure that product information is more transparent. Through the platform of information gathered, small and medium-sized enterprises can search for the latest market demand and customer demand in time, and with specific production sales, overseas buyers and terminalconsumers have become the possible potential customers-Small and medium-sized enterprises implement cross-border e-commerce in international trade business, the Internet has replaced the small and medium-sized enterprises in the past transmit an order from above，on the private enterprise the role of middle managers，it promoted the enterprise organization structure to develop in the direction of diversification. Application of cross-border e-commerce has weakened the role of many human management factors in the trade activities, shorten the enterprise each department and personnel in the interaction and influence between time, at the same time also speed up the small and medium-sized enterprises, and other trade subject to reflect the speed of the market, improve the efficiency of information transfer. At the same time, due to cross-border e-commerce application of website construction and the popularity of web conference, evolved into a kind of small and medium-sized enterprise organization structure and the form of liquidity and virtual sex, and this kind of new organization structure, compared with the traditional enterprise organizational structure, has the stronger ability to adapt the market.中小企业跨境电商问题研究Martens B摘要电子商务作为信息时代里信息技术和商业贸易相结合的产物，已经开始逐渐取代传统的贸易方式。
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跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述跨境电商外文文献综述(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 译文: 本地化跨境电子商务的模型摘要通过对国际供应链的B2B电子商务交易量的快速增长和伊朗快速增加的跨境交易业务，跨境电商过程的有效管理对B2B电子商务系统十分重要。
对局部模型的结构是基于B2B电子商务的基础设施三大层，消息层、业务流程层和内容层。
于伊朗的电子商务的要求，每一层的需要适当的标准和合适的方案的选择。
当电子文件需要移动顺利向伊朗，建议文件的标准为文件内容支持纸质和电子文件阅读。
验证提出的模型是通过案例研究方法呈现一到四阶段的情景。
试图通过交换商业文件在贸易过程中这一局部模型，实现在全球电子贸易供应链更接近区域单一窗口建设的关键目标。
关键词：电子商务;跨境贸易;电子文档管理;国际供应链跨境电商外文文献综述 1.简介电子商务是关于在互联网或其他网络电子系统购买和销售产品或服务。
术语B2B，描述了企业间的电子商务交易，如制造商和批发商，或批发商和零售商之间。
的研究目标是上两个不同国家贸易商之间的通信。
今天的世界贸易组织的主要目标之一是建立区域单一窗口，可以提高世界各地的贸易便利化。
建立区域单一窗口需要跨境海关，可以有效地交换贸易文件。
因此，首先，简化跨境贸易文件的关键在于朝着国家单一窗口移动。
然后，区域单一窗口可以授权国家之间的通信。
电子商务模型是基于三个主要逻辑层的研究。
这三个层消息传输层，业务处理层和内容层。
的局部模型是一种能够自动交换读取文件的过程。
通过与东亚和中东国家的建立区域单一窗口可以在将来得到改善的更多的互操作性，从而建立伊朗国家单一窗口在的第二部分讨论引进国际供应链中的跨境B2B模式所需的基本概念和标准。
第三部分介绍在大的模型中引入的组件功能和范围。
第四部分讨论了B2B交易层模型的定位，最后结束。
2.背景在本节中，除了了解B2B电子商务在伊朗的情况，还有参考模型的背景等概念以及讨论B2B电子商务跨境模式的本土化。
B2B电子商务在伊朗如今伊朗在贸易进程的变现是一个关键的贸易成功点。
伊朗和许多其他国家接壤，它的进口和出口过程可以通过公路，铁路，海上和空中的方式来完成。
因此，这个国家的中部和战略作用，使得它在亚洲和中东地区货物运输的主要贸易点。
今天，在伊朗海关几乎所有的贸易过程通过纸质表格完成，商务部提供的电子服务仅限于谁该国境内交易的商人。
今天，伊朗海关几乎所有的贸易流程都是通过纸质表格来完成的，商务部给出的电子服务只限于该国的商人。
介绍了模型试图简化在伊朗交易的跨境电子商务供应链交换电子文件的过程。
这里提到的一些系统，商务部在伊朗的电子服务被提及：进口订单管理系统。
贸易统计制度。
伊朗法典伊朗。
这些电子系统的主要使用，以促进在伊朗贸易过程。
这里提到的系统作为独立的贸易者可与建议模型在未来的作用。
在亚洲的区域性单跨境电商外文文献综述窗口中，加入伊朗到世界贸易组织关于数据元素的标准化和贸易流程的标准化，是一个很好的趋势。
从设计的角度来看，伊朗文件数据统一化的主要优势之一是减少数据元素的形式。
因此，他们可以尽可能地在不同的文件中重复使用。
这使得该国准备使用任何标准形式的数据。
所以本地化的跨国模式B2B电子商务可以使交易过程快速、安全，如今已是伊朗贸易的必需品。
单一窗口单一窗口是一个系统，使单入口单和提交数据和信息的同步处理。
这些可以帮助系统做为运输货物有效的关键服务版本的边界是：一个决策的通关和货物通关点。
要通过建立一个全国性的单一窗口在伊朗，以接近加入一个区域性的单一窗口。
海运买卖收费参考模型为了了解国际贸易的复杂性，这个简单的模型可以清楚地了解一个贸易交易的关键要素，从而正确地编制必要的贸易促进措施。
UN/CEFACT制定了这个使用国际公认的建模技术提供参考模型的国际供应链模型，并提出了完整的国际供应链。
基于BSP模型的国际供应链的简单视图包括购买过程的三个主要类别，船和付出，再加上四种类型的角色，如顾客、权威、中介和供应商。
正如上面所讨论的，建议的措施，分为四类，涉及到在这个模型中的过程。
购买涉及商品的订购相关的所有商业活动；船覆盖所有涉及的商品实体的转移活动，包括官方控制；要覆盖所有涉及的货物支付活动。
在对跨境供应链中的角色和流程进行分类的分类之后，需要有一个更紧密的观点，在不同的类型，这些类别可以支持。
不同的程序和BSP模型的作用可以通过用例图来显示角色和过程之间的关系。
某些过程与识别的业务伙伴或协议的建立，这是被分离的范围的跨境模式。
3.模型介绍在这一节中，引入了跨境电子商务的定制模式。
该部分包括模型的范围，主要的模型组件和它们的行为在不同的B2B 交易层B2B交易。
模型范围本款的B2B跨境模型范围对于其角色和用例分析。
不同级别的数据集成存在，可以做，以简化数据集。
在这个模型中，重点是在国际层面上。
在交流过程跨境电商外文文献综述中协调数据元素，导致有效的跨境贸易。
一般而言，模型的适用范围是国际层，主要目标是协调交易过程和内容的交易过程和内容。
基于供应链的两个方面的数据协调的概念，在分析模型的适当的标准和解决方案，可以选择。
这些标准必须支持跨境交易。
模型组件讨论海运收费的方法以简化过程和消除不必要的贸易场景的细节。
文件的项目建议集群和管理不同的文件。
这些标准作为解决方案，通过单一窗口政策。
首先让我们对系统的组成部分有一个高层次的看法，而一个跨国界的交流正在发生。
在每一个国家的海关都被放置在国家的单一窗口的国家。
在全国格式文件进入翻译模块，改变文件格式的标准文件格式。
然后，它可以通过一个中间制品，以宣布更多，最后的跨境单窗口是最后的网关。
每个国家都可以使用这种模式形成自己的一面到交换门户。
在型号证书身份验证在此模型中的CA 之间的关系是根据基本类型的PKI互通性模型设计的。
根据伊朗的电子供应链的安全要求，则需要通过使用各种不同的关系的拓扑的好处，以支持认证机构。
这是在这里提出的架构的优势CA层次模型，证书信任列表和桥梁CA互联互通机型的优点。
这种拓扑结构的好处是：它会公布全国CA的信任列表。
这些国家的CA可以检索列表自己，可以自添加，从列表中减去CA和根据自己的国家偏好它发布到他们的政府的用户。
它也可以发布CA的信任列表中的特定部门，例如，CA的列表派驻提供健康证明。
它将与每个国家的CA交叉认证，并提供给其他CA该证书就可以自己进行交叉认证。
它将提供给批准的消息和或MS 同时通过跨界车型的传输层认证机构中心。
因为它是上面提到的，在此拓扑CA 的层次结构和模块化的好处是改善了层本地模型化本节中的模型的部件被过度B2B电子商务系统之间的通信的三个不同的层进行讨论。
每个小节显示了在贸易交易双方出口商，进口商，海关，区域单一窗口和国家单一窗口之间的关系。
业务流程层跨境电商外文文献综述在业务流程层，参考模型和文件的项目是用来管理电子文档，但作为项目管理的第一个包含在模型交易的确切范围必须被描述的关键一步。
根据所提到的文件，它是说，这个项目主要是关于电子文件，但不确定的贸易伙伴或是用例之前的合同。
虽然角色和过程之间的关系进行了讨论，模型的范围可以更精确地描述在业务流程层。
所考虑的过程的范围可以在文中看到。
消息层消息层负责建立组件之间的通信会话，并将消息发送到组件层次结构的下一层10。
出口商和进口商被视为在国家和地区的通信线路和单窗口系统的第一个和最后一个点，负责处理信息和移动他们的病房。
系统的证书颁发机构的组件是确保每个消息的确认。
海关部分是货物申报的授权系统。
系统的分层体系结构的主要因素之一，提高跨境模型的灵活性和可扩展性。
信息主要包括批准的形式在每一级和更新的雕像的证书管理模块的结构中的跨边界模型。
内容层局部模型的内容层涉及的文件，通过边界交换的对象，从出口到进口商和相反的。
此模型的一个主要挑战是，加入伊朗区域单一窗口的B2B电子商务系统。
在伊朗，文件的文件正在使用中的交易过程中，所以国际标准，以创建和调整文件，改变目前的文件，在国际供应链的其他合作伙伴的可读性，必须选择。
这一层从2个方面进行了论述，一是设计形式的一个标准，二是通过一个独特的网关交换形式的11个解决方案。
这种模式的一个优点是数据的可重用性。
以不同的形式，同样的数据可以被检测和每层可以使用，进入系统前的数据元素。
在这个层次中考虑的最重要的规则是通过系统的下一个层来发送和接收文件，并且模型中的每一个文档都需要一个确认消息来保证通信系统的完整性。
证书授权作为PKI标准和B2B交易证书授权的必要性进行了讨论，最后，权威认证中心相关的跨境电子商务模式的其他组件的作用进行了讨论。
很显然，在授权的主要监督作用是一次进入一个周期，并在完成工作后，与该文件整理工作，以节省它作为一个使用代码。
图7中所示的分配数，显示在场景中一步一步发生的任务的优先级。
为重点的数字显示，在每个国家的国家单一窗口领取表格，这是通过跨境电商外文文献综述适配器发送的消息。
这将把“国家格式”中的每一个信息的内容转为一个可以读取的区域单窗口，它对交易进行监督。
认证机构检查的形式号是唯一的，使得它更容易跟踪每笔交易。
基于实施的角度来看，局部模型是不依赖于特定的软件或硬件基础设施。
通过使用XML技术在供应链的每一方都需要改变数据元素的格式为一个可读的格式。
这种规范的跨境模式，除了使用网络服务的通信解决方案，使建议的模型更轻便，独立于不同的平台。
实现本身可以通过不同的层次分析。
用户层是最接近用户界面层，称为基于Web的界面和数据库层的数据交换是根据所有的点，这是之前提到的关于B2B电子商务系统建立跨境数据交换。
5.样品过程分析在这一节中，所建议的模型的验证是根据四个阶段的情况。
在这种情况下，双方之间的贸易点的边界，和各模型组件的作用进行了讨论。
这四个阶段是：，1阶段：出口商签署系统和应用程序重新绳。
2阶段：出口国与出口国之间的互动关系。
3阶段：出口国与进口国的单一窗口之间的相互作用。
4阶段：进口和进口单窗口之间的相互作用。
现在，上述阶段通过下列各节讨论。
在每一小节中，根据信息和内容层的架构，讨论了跨边界模型中的每个组件的功能。
第1阶段：出口商登录系统和应用程序记录在这个阶段中，出口商和认证中心是该方案的主要参与者。
重要的目标是在国家单一窗口系统中记录一个成功的标志。
因此，出口商可以通过下一步的未来阶段。
模型的组件之间的详细的相互作用，包括发送应用程序的形式签署和接收的钙批准。
出口商发送他重新寻求开始一个交易到国家的单窗口。
为了记录这个信号在处理过程中，国家的单窗口要求的认证组件，并在接收该交易的批准消息是可以接受的，作为一个有效的出口过程。
应该考虑的是，在每一个步骤中，演员之间的沟通，如出口，进口商和认证的单窗口组件所做的。