2019高考备考周阅读五
(浙江专版)2019版高考语文一轮复习 读练测10周 第9周 周五 多彩阅读
多彩阅读破裂之时才真正开始[日]松浦弥太郎收音机也好,皮包也好,自行车也好,世上没有不会坏的东西。
“反正已经用了很久,换个新的更划得来。
”或许这就是当今的世道,把东西直接丢了比较省事,也不会有人说闲话。
不过对我来说,还是更倾向于把坏的东西修好之后继续使用。
东西总有用坏的那一刻,有了这个大前提,我认为东西坏掉的那一刻正是开始的时候。
东西坏了,不丢弃,不添购新的,下决心修好它,并花时间修缮,我认为直到那一刻,它才真正成为你的东西。
与人交往也一样,经历过冲撞、摩擦、破裂,产生嫌隙,然后关系才正式开始。
始终保持和睦气氛的交往很肤浅,一直要到产生纠葛,彻底发泄,互相伤害,此前的情谊破裂的那一刻起,你才算与那个人产生关系。
人心比物品更脆弱,而且可能会破裂好多次。
每一个这样的关头,我们都像是站在分岔路口。
是选择从纷争中脱身,甚至不惜舍弃与那人的关系;还是选择不退却,袒露真心,努力地、用心地修补彼此的关系?我总是选择后者。
它需要你放下身段,不惜颜面,将说不出口的、羞于告人的事化作言语,甚至有时像个孩子般号啕大哭,绝不容许对心情有一丝敷衍。
尽管过程痛苦,但是当伤口和裂痕被细心修补之后,双方的关系一定会更加深入、丰富,从而体会到平静与满足的心境。
所谓丰富,指的并不是眼睛看得到的表象,而是隐藏在其中的故事。
就像在不断修修补补中穿了十年的鞋,对我而言,它已不再是一双寻常的鞋。
对最初磨坏鞋跟的那趟旅程的回忆,几年后使得鞋尖绽线的那场意外,以及每次都细心替我修补鞋子的修鞋师傅的心意,使得那双鞋成了一个凝聚心意的宝贝。
就算别人不知晓,但其中有属于自己的故事,就比任何昂贵的新品都更有价值。
与人交往也是一样,“我们曾碰上那种事,不过一起克服了”,有越多共同的回忆,双方的友情就会变得越真挚。
听到有些夫妇自从交往以后没吵过一次架,总让我觉得落寞,难以理解。
难道有这种感觉的只有我一个人吗?物品经过长年耗损会逐渐消磨,与人相处,熟悉之后如果不起摩擦反而更危险。
备战2019年高考语文 必刷题(刷大题步步为营)第五周 第1组(含解析)不分版本
备战2019年高考语文必刷题(刷大题步步为营)第五周第1组(含解析)不分版本第五周第1组阅读下面的文字,完成小题。
临近端午,许多人早早制定了游玩方案,购物、出行、访友……在忙碌与快节奏的工作与生活中,好不容易盼来一个假期,放松一下原本无可厚非,可许多人似乎把注意力更多地投向了端午这个新定的“假〞,或多或少淡化了端午这个传统的“节〞。
端午不仅是“假〞,更是“节〞,我们过端午节时,更应该关注它蕴含的历史和文化价值。
端午节又叫五月五日、重午、端五、重五、五月节、端阳、蒲节、天中节、诗人节、女儿节、龙舟节、粽子节、医药节等,是最早出现的中华传统节日之一。
早在先秦已经出现,到了汉代,已有合药、在胳膊上系长命缕、迎涛神等诸多习俗。
有统计显示,在中国56个民族中,半数左右拥有属于自己的端午节。
比方彝族都阳节,在四川省凉山彝族自治州雷波县及金沙江沿岸等地流行。
在节日这一天,每家挂上菖蒲和艾叶,孩子们用雄黄酒擦脸,青年男女包好粽子,在山间草坪唱歌跳舞尽情娱乐。
由是观之,端午节习俗传承是古老和现代的统一、时代与地域的交融。
端午节这个传统节日,也是中华民族独具特色的文化栽体。
包粽子、划龙舟等是主要内容。
我们过好端午传统文明节日,对弘扬民族精神,保持民族特色,增强民族凝聚力有着不可替代的作用一民族精神植根于民族生活的土壤,鲜活地表达在传统的民族节日中。
传统文化需要传承。
而端午文化应该更可以在传承中别开生面。
现代化、全球化、信息化,都可为端午提供新的载体、创制新的手段、赋予新的内涵。
在信息化时代如何持续传承和振兴端午文化?比方,立足对屈原的纪念,开掘“诗人节〞传统,读诗诵诗赛诗,重塑“诗如海〞的端午;比方,借鉴电商营销模式,网上摘粽叶、自助配香包,实现“数字化〞的端午;比方,顺应全球化大趋势,推动东亚国家共建共享端午文化,打造“走出去〞的端午。
在这些方面,政府、企业、媒体、社会都可大有作为。
端午如是,整个中国的文化建设又何尝不是这样?端午节习俗的传承过程现代性和传统性兼具,包含中国人对文化的选择、对生活的选择,包含了中国人的文化创造力、文化自信力。
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟五语文试卷含答案解析
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟语文试题(五)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
对于一个民族而言,神话是上古人类智慧的遗存,是世代相传的集体记忆。
因此,要真正了解本民族的文化特质和人类的精神密码,应从神话的源头一一开始。
人类学大师马林诺夫斯基曾指出,神话原生性地表达着民族精神中最稳固、最恒定的部分,承载着一个民族一脉相承的文化基因。
在《诸神纪》里,无论是“垂死化身。
气成风云,声为雷霆。
左眼为日,右眼为月,四肢五体为四极五岳”的创世大神盘古,还是在“四极废,九州裂”的情形下“炼五色石以补苍天”的大母神女娲,或者“诛凿齿,杀九婴,缴大风,断修蛇,禽封稀,上射九日”的大羿,都体现了一种不畏艰险、为了人类福祉而自我牺牲的悲剧意味和崇高之美。
正是凭借不畏艰险的生存意志和不屈不挠的抗争精神,中华民族才能延续几千年不绝,并昂然屹立于世界民族之林。
在作为族群意志的民族精神、民族传统之外,神话还与“人类内心底层的问题,人类内在的奥秘”相关。
神话学大师坎贝尔曾指出,读神话可以发现人类许多的共通之处:人类需要呼唤久违的神性,需要借由神话以接近永恒,需要透过神话以洞悉生命的奥秘。
与史家和儒家典籍中被历史化的温文尔雅、“伟光正”的诸神形象不同,《诸神纪》里描绘的上古诸神大多充满野性之美和伟岸之力:喜欢追着自己尾巴跑的混沌、半人半蛇的女娲、虎齿豹尾的西王母、铜头铁额的蚩尤……这些朴素的形象和他们身上那种气吞山河、震天撼地的力量体现了先民汪洋恣肆的想象力,对自然、生命、神性之力的崇拜和讴歌。
阅读这样本然面目的上古神话,可以体会原始先民深厚的情感体验,从而缓释压力,抚慰心灵创伤,找到生命的动力。
而中国上古智慧通过作者的“掰扯”,得到了生动而又不乏深度的呈现:混沌神话所体现的中国人“混融无间”的宇宙观,上古神树的故事背后体现的中国人“万物有灵”的自然观,南楚大司命神话背后体现的“方生方死,生死一体”的生命观等。
(浙江专版)2019版高考语文一轮复习读练测10周第6周周五多彩阅读
多彩阅读风杨绛为什么天地这般复杂地把风约束在中间?硬的东西把它挡住,软的东西把它牵绕住。
不管怎样猛烈地吹,吹过遮天的山峰,挣脱缭绕的树林,扫过辽阔的海洋,终逃不到天地以外去。
或者为此,风一辈子不能平静,和人的感情一样。
也许最平静的风,还是拂拂微风。
果然纹风不动,不是平静,却是酝酿风暴了。
蒸闷的暑天,风重重地把天压低了一半,树梢头的小叶子都沉沉垂着,风一丝不动,可是何曾平静呢?风的力量,已经可以预先觉察到,好像蹲伏的猛兽,不在睡觉,正要纵身远跳。
假如一股流水,嫌两岸束缚太紧,它只要流、流、流,直流到海,便没了边界,便自由了。
风呢,除非把它紧紧收束起来,却没法儿解脱它。
放松些,让它吹重些吧,树枝儿便拦住不放,脚下一块石子一棵小草都横身子伸臂膀来阻挡。
窗嫌小,门嫌狭,都挤不过去。
墙把它遮住,房子把它罩住。
但是风顾得这些么?沙石不妨带着走,树叶儿可以卷个光,墙可以推倒,房子可以掀翻……愈是阻挡它,愈是发狂一般推撞过去。
不过风究竟不能掀翻一角青天,撞将出去。
不管怎样猛烈,毕竟闷在小小一个天地中间。
吹吧,只能像流底起伏鼓动着的那股力量,掀起一浪,又被压伏下去。
风就是这般压在天底下,吹着吹着,只把地面吹成一片凌乱,自己照旧不得自由。
不论是严冷的风,蒸热的风;不论是哀号的风,怒叫的风,到末来,渐渐儿微弱下去,剩几声悠长的叹气,便没了声音,好像风都吹完了。
但是风哪里就吹完了呢。
只要听平静的时候,夜晚黄昏,往往有几声低吁,像安命的老人,无可奈何的叹息。
风究竟还不肯驯服。
或者就为此吧,天地把风这般紧紧地约束着。
文明可以从“一箱硬币”开始2017年8月,一个个装满数百枚一元硬币的箱子,出现在全国多座城市的地铁口或公交站旁,一张纸板上写着“如需零钱可自取,每人最多5元”——据新华社报道,这种“一箱硬币”的街头试验,过程和结果大同小异,很少有人突破“最多5元”的规则,不少人用纸币兑换零钱或是往箱子中投放零钱,在杭州、成都等地,一天下来,箱子里的钱不少反增。
2019年高考语文总复习第二部分现代文阅读专题二文学类文本阅读(5)(含解析)新人教版练习
2019年高考语文总复习第二部分现代文阅读专题二文学类文本阅读(5)(含解析)新人教版练习)李仕才小说阅读训练(五)探究[对点练]阅读下面的内容,完成后面的题目。
配角聂鑫森父亲邵伟夫,先是话剧演员,后来又成了电影、电视演员。
他的名字很气派,“伟夫”者,伟丈夫之谓也。
可惜他一辈子没演过主角,全是很不起眼的配角,虽是剧中有名有姓的人物,也就是说几句不痛不痒的台词,演绎几个小情节而已。
他的形象呢,身材矮小,脸窄长如刀,眉粗眼小口阔,演的多是反派人物:黑社会小头目、国民党下级军官、现实生活中的可怜虫……他的名字是当教师的爷爷起的,爷爷曾对他寄望很高。
没想到他读中学时,有一次演一个小话剧的配角,神采飞扬,被动员去读一所中专艺校的话剧班,从此他就很满足地走上了演艺之路。
因为母亲是苗族人,可以生两胎,我下面还有一个妹妹。
我叫邵小轩,妹妹叫邵小轮。
通俗地说,我是小车子,妹妹是小轮子。
我们的名字当然是父亲起的,母亲似乎很欣赏,觉得低调一些反而会有大出息。
母亲在街道居委会当个小干部,人很漂亮。
我和妹妹似乎承袭了她的基因,长得都不丑。
母亲对于嫁给了父亲,一直深怀悔意,原想会有一个大红大紫的丈夫,不料几十年来波澜不惊。
我母亲都不让我们去剧院看父亲的戏;电视上一出现有父亲身影的剧目,她便立即换台。
她还嘱咐我们,不要在人前提起父亲是演员。
这种守口如瓶的习惯,久而久之造就了我的孤癖性格,在什么场合都沉默寡言。
读初中时,一个男同学悄悄告诉我:“你爸爸的戏演得真好,可惜是个小角色。
如果让他演主角,肯定火!”父亲在家里的时间很少,尤其是进入影视圈后,或是东奔西跑到一个个剧组去找活干,或是找到了活必须随剧组四处游走。
每当他一脸倦色回到家里,首先会拿出各种小礼物,送给妈妈、我和妹妹,然后把一叠钞票交给妈妈。
我把男同学的话告诉他,他听了,微微一笑,说:“在一个戏中,只有小人物,没有小角色,这正如社会的分工不同,却都是平等的。
主角造气氛,配角助气氛,谁也离不开谁。
(浙江专版)2019版高考语文一轮复习读练测10周第7周周五多彩阅读
多彩阅读文化是什么龙应台我曾被要求“简单扼要”地说出“文化是什么”。
文化?它是随便一个人迎面走来,他的举手投足,他的一颦一笑,他的整体气质。
他走过一棵树,树枝低垂,他是随手把枝折断丢弃,还是弯身而过?一只满身是癣的流浪狗走近他,他是怜悯地避开,还是一脚踢过去?电梯门打开,他是谦抑地让人,还是霸道地把别人挤开?一个盲人和他并肩路口,绿灯亮了,他会搀那盲者一把吗?他与别人如何擦身而过?他如何弯腰系上自己松了的鞋带?他怎么从卖菜的小贩手里接过找回的零钱?如果他在会议、教室、电视屏幕等公共领域大谈民主人权和劳工权益,在自己家的私人领域里,他尊重自己的妻子和孩子吗?他对家里的保姆和工人以礼相待吗?独处时,他如何与自己相处?所有的教养、原则、规范,在没人看见的地方,他怎么样?文化其实体现在一个人如何对待他人、对待自己,如何对待自己所处的自然环境。
在一个文化厚实深沉的社会里,人懂得尊重自己——他不苟且,因为不苟且所以有品位;人懂得尊重别人——他不霸道,因为不霸道所以有道德;人懂得尊重自然——他不掠夺,因为不掠夺所以有永续的智能。
小时候我住在台湾农村,当邻家孩子送来一篮自家摘的枣子时,母亲会将枣子收下,然后一定在那竹篮里放回一点东西,几个芒果、一把蔬菜。
家里什么都没有时,她一定将篮子填满白米,让邻家孩子带回。
问她为什么,她说:“不能让送礼的人空手离开。
”农村的人或许不知道仲尼曾经说过“尔爱其羊,吾爱其礼”,但是他举手投足之间,无处不是“礼”。
希腊的山从大海拔起,气候干燥,土地贫瘠,简陋的农舍错落在荆棘山路中,老农牵着大耳驴子自橄榄树下走过。
他简单的家,墙漆得雪白,墙角一株蔷薇老根盘旋,开出一簇簇绯红的花朵,映在白墙上。
老农不见得知道亚里士多德如何谈论诗学和美学,但是他在刷白了的墙边种下一株红蔷薇,显然认为“美”是重要的。
他很可能不曾踏入过任何美术馆,但他起居进退之间,无处不是“美”。
在台湾南部乡下,我曾经在一个庙前的荷花池畔坐下。
2019高考英语备考专项练习(3)阅读理解(5)及解析
2019高考英语备考专项练习(3)阅读理解(5)及解析第***套阅读理解(共两节,总分值40分)第一节(共15小题;每题2分,总分值30分)阅读以下短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最正确选项。
ALongago,nearthevillageofHedley,therelivedastrangeandplayfultrickster(骗子),knownastheHedleyKow.Sometimesitlookedlikeanordinaryobject.Sometimesitlooked likeadonkeyoragoat.Oneevening,asanoldwomanwentalongthepath,shesawanoldironpotlyingintheditch.“Fancythat,”shesaid.“Nobodyseemstowantthisoldpot.Iwilltakeithomeandplantprettyflowersinit.”Whenshetriedtoliftit,shesawthatitwasfullofgoldpieces.“Well,now,ifthatdoesn'tbeatall,”shesaid.“I'mrich!Icanbuyafinehouseandfancyclothes.”Thepotwasheavy,soshetiedhershawlarounditandbegantodragithome.Afterawhile,sh estoppedtorest.Whenshelookedinthepot,shewasamazedtoseethatitwasfullofsilverpiec es!“Oh,myGod!”shesaid.“Aren'tItheluckyone!Ifitweregold,thieveswouldhavebeenafterme.Myfriendsmighthav ebeenjealous.ButIcanhidethesesilverpieces,takeoutafewatatime,andlivelikeaqueen.”Onshewent,pullingthepotafterher.Shewasnearinghomenow.Athergate,shelookedint othepot.Whatasurprise!Thesilverhadchangedintoalump(块)ofiron.“Iron,”shesaid.“Well,now!Noonewillbejealousorwanttostealthisfromme.Icanusethisirontopropmydoo ropenandletinfreshairandsunlight.Luckyme!”Assoonasshesaidthat,thepotbegantogrowandlateritbecameagoat.Thenitjumpedupan dranoffdowntheroadlaughing.“Fancythat!”saidtheoldwoman.“IbelieveIhaveseentheHedleyKow!Notmanyfolkscansaythat,andthat'safact.I'lljusts itupbymyfiretonightthinkingabouthowluckyIwastoseeitformyself.Itrulymustbetheluc kiestpersonintheworld!”56.Whichofthefollowingsayingscanbestdescribethisstory?A.Allgoodthingscometoanend.B.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C.Contentisbetterthanriches.D.Allbadluckgoesaway.57.Whatdoes“theHedleyKow”standforintheeyesoftheoldwoman?A.Glory.B.Honor.C.Misfortune.D.Luck.58.Fromthispassagewecanknowtheoldwomanis______.A.optimisticB.pessimisticC.strangeD.mindless【答案与解析】56、C。
备战2019年高考语文 必刷题(刷测试周周参省)第五周(含解析)不分版本
备战2019年高考语文必刷题(刷测试周周参省)第五周(含解析)不分版本第三周总分:60分时间:45分钟一、古诗文阅读阅读下面这首唐诗,完成以下小题。
旅中送迁客吴融天南不可去,君去吊灵均。
落日青山路,秋风白发人。
言危无继者,道在有明神。
满目尽胡越,平生何处陈。
1.以下对本诗的理解,不正确的一项为哪一项A.首联中,灵均是屈原的字。
外表写朋友要去凭吊屈原,实际暗示朋友被贬的遭际。
B.颔联点明送别的时间,对仗工整,注重色彩,用冷色调渲染了离别的心情。
C.本诗与王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》均为送别友人之作,情感真挚,风格相同。
D.本诗熔叙事、写景、抒怀于一炉,描写简备精当,感情深沉含蓄。
【答案】C【解析】【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧,能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
阅读下面这首唐诗,完成小题。
九日齐山登高杜牧江涵秋影雁初飞,与客携壶上翠微。
尘世难连开口笑,菊花须插满头归。
但将酩酊酬佳节,不用登临恨落晖。
古往今来只如此,牛山何必独沾衣①。
〔注释〕①春秋时,齐景公游于牛山,见落日而北望国都临淄,想到难于永享据有国土之乐,流泪说:“假设何滂滂去此而死乎!〞2.以下对这首诗的赏析,不正确的一项为哪一项A.李清照的《醉花阴》与本诗都反映出古人重阳赏菊、饮洒的风俗,但诗人心境不同,本诗没有前者包含的相思之愁。
B.颔联写诗人理想中尽兴地过重阳的方式——应该将菊花插个满头再归去,旨在表现他对菊花的独特喜爱和内心的旷达。
C.颈联用了比照,将大醉无忧与怨恨忧愁相比照。
“但将酩酊酬佳节〞,诗人像是劝客,又像是劝自己。
D.尾联用典,诗人由眼前登临的齐山,联想到齐景公的牛山坠泪,他与齐景公有同感,却宽慰自己不必单独伤感流泪。
【答案】D【解析】【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧,能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
阅读下面这首宋诗,完成下面小题。
风雨中诵潘邠老诗韩淲①满城风雨近重阳②,独上吴山看大江。
老眼昏花忘远近,壮心轩豁任行藏。
2019届高考英语二轮复习必刷题型:(5)阅读理解(五)(1)
阅读理解(五)1、More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to £15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he s aid.1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation.C.It is increasingly popular.D.It is required by universities.2.According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobC.are more likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A.He's puzzled.B.He's worried.C.He's surprised.D.He's annoyed.4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional courses.B.Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.2、You get anxious if there’s no wi-fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you’re not there. All these can be called “always on” stress caused by smart phone addiction.For some people, smart phones have liberated them from the nine-to-five work. Flexible working has given them more autonomy in their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smart phones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they’re spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken. “Moment’s goal is to promote balance in your life,” his websi te explains. “Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you.”Dr. Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, “The effects of this ‘always on’ culture are that your mind is never resting, and you’re not giving your body time to recover, so you’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer.”And as the number of connected smart phones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace becausepeople have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. “It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they’re controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office,” said Dr. Christine Grant.1.What’s the first paragraph mainly about?A.The popularity of smart phones.B.The progress of modern technology.C.The signs of “always on” stress.D.The cause of smart phone addiction.2.Kevin Holesh developed Moment to __________.A.research how people use their mobile phonesB.help people control their use of mobile phonesC.make people better use mobile phonesD.increase the fun of using mobile phones3.What’s Dr. Christine Grant’s attitude towards “always on” culture?A.Confused.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Critical.4.According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means __________.A.we will become less productiveB.we can make a decision more quicklyC.we will be equipped with more knowledgeD.we can work more effectively3、Travis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees(雇员) and profits(利润) of over $2 million per year. He's never late to work. He does not get upset on the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. "Your working uniform is your shelter," he told her. "Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be."Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program thatbegan on his first day and continues throughout an employee's occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions(情绪). Most importantly, it taught him willpower.At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit; willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person's success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. "Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control aren't working hard—but that's because they've made it automatic," Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. "Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it."The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers' lives. Those courses arc, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.1.We learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must ________.A.learn to give lecturesB.attend education programsC.design a working uniformD.develop a common hobby2.Willpower will become a habit when employees can _________.A.focus on the profitsB.benefit from the jobC.protect themselves wellD.control their feeling well3.What can we infer from the passage?A.G&G has grown into a large company.B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.C.G&G may become more successful in the future.D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.4 、There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try. How? Packaging is the silent but persuading salesman .There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer, so that is buying not only a product but also his belief in life. Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality” of the product and on how well it sells, because “Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products,” as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers’ feeling for packaging, noticed.Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up.我Shapes are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart. That’s why the round yellow M signs of McDonald’s are inviting to both young and old. This new consumer response (反应) to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul.1.According to the passage, ________ seems to be able to persuade a consumer to buy the product.A.the pleasing color of the packageB.the special taste of the productC.the strange shape of the packageD.the belief in the product2.If a package or a product is round in shape, it can ________.A.bring excitement to the consumersB.attract the consumers’ attentionC.catch the eye movement of the consumersD.produce a happy and peaceful feeling3.“And the word ‘green’ today can keep food prices going up.” This sentence suggests that consumers today are ________.A.starting to notice the importance of new foodB.enjoying the beauty of nature more than beforeC.beginning to like green vegetablesD.paying more attention to their health4.It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of ________.A.vegetable dishB.healthy juiceC.iced drinkD.red vegetable5、 That woman carried a new blanket (毛毯) over her arm. Wordlessly, she gave it to me.“Is it finished?” I asked. She shook her head. “No. It is ready,” she replied. I handed her the money and took the blanket. “It is beautiful, so skillfully woven (编织),” I said to my mother. “But what did she mean when she said it was not finished? How can it be ready if it is not finished?”“I will tell you later,” my mother said, “but first I will take you to the Navajo(纳瓦霍) village.”We went down to the village. A group of young men were making sand pictures. We walked through the whole village, watching the different things the people were doing.It was not until that evening that my mother finally explained the Navajo woman's words.“Did you notice anything about the things the people were making?” my mother asked. “What should I have noticed?” I looked at her and asked. “Each thing the Navajo make has one small part that is not complete. The designs in their sand pictures are often not perfectly done, for example —the line of a circle may not quite close. If you look carefully at your blanket, you will probably find a stitch (一针) missing.”I took the blanket off, but it looked as perfect as any design could be. Then suddenly, I noticed that sure enou gh a stitch was missing! “But why do the Navajo intentionally leave some tiny part unfinished?” I asked. “They believe that when anything is completed or finished, it means the end has come —it will not be perfect until then. Then too, with a circle, they believe that they must leave a pathway for the bad spirits to run away and the good spirits to come in. So, often, they do not make the line close.”1.The blanket the author received_____ .A.was poorly woven.B.made her think a lot.C.cost her a lot of money.D.was finished, but not ready.2.Why was the author shown around the village?A.To buy more things made by the Navajo.B.To make friends with some of the Navajo.C.To have a deeper understanding of the Navajo.D.To look for the woman who sold her the blanket.3.Which of the following may the Navajo believe?A.A stitch in time is very important.B.Life only becomes perfect when you die.C.He who makes no mistake is a perfect man.D.You must always try to make your life complete.4.What’s the main idea o f the text?A.The Navajo are good at making things.B.The Navajo are brave and hard-working.C.A blanket tells a lot about the Navajo culture.D.Skills are needed to do business with the Navajo.6、The English have a difficult and, generally speaking, dysfunctional (怪异的) relationship with clothes. Their main problem is that they have a desperate need for rules, and are unable to get along without them. This helps to explain why they have an international reputation for dressing in general very badly, but with specific areas of excellence, such as high-class men’s suits, ceremonial costumes, and innovative (革新的) street fashion. In other words, we English dress best when we are “in uniform”.You may be surprised that I am including “innovative street fashion” in the category of the uniform. Surely the parrot-haired punks (朋克摇滚乐迷) or the Victorian vampire goths are being original, not following rules? It’s true that they all look different and eccentric (古怪的) but in factthey all look eccentric exactly in the same way. They are wearing a uniform. The only truly eccentric dresser in this country is the Queen, who pays no attention to fashion and continues to wear what she likes, a kind of 1950s fashion, with no regard for anyone else’s opinion. However, it is true that the styles invented by young English people are much more eccentric than any other nation’s street fashion. We may not be individually eccentric, apart from the Queen, but we have a sort of collective eccentricity, and \ye appreciate originality in dress even if we do not individually have it.Another “rule” of behavior I had discovered was that it is very important for the English not to take themselves too seriously, to be able to laugh at themselves. However, it is well known that most teenagers tend to take themselves a bit too seriously.The goths, in their scary black costumes, certainly look as if they are taking themselves seriously. But when I got into conversation with them, I discovered that they too had a sense of humor. I was once chatting to a goth in the full vampire costume—with a white face, deep purple lipstick, and black parrot-hair. I saw he was also wearing a T-shirt with “Goth”.“Why are you wearing that?” I asked. “In case you don’t realize I’m a goth.” he answered, pr etending to be serious. We both burst out laughing.1.What can we know about the English people?A.They need rules to dress well.B.They are in need of uniforms.C.They are creative in general.D.They lead the world trend.2.Who is individually eccentric in dressing?A.A high-class man.B.A parrot-haired punk.C.The Queen.D.The fashion innovator.3.Which of the following can best describe the goths?A.They dress badly.B.They dress in an amusing way.C.They are unable to laugh at the way they dress.D.They are less fashionable than the other English people.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.How the English DressB.How the English Admire FashionC.Why the English Like UniformsD.Why the English Are Eccentric in Dress7、Black Friday is just a week away, an annual tradition in which holiday shoppers rush to the supermarkets and malls. Most shoppers pack stores to buy things at a discount. For some, however, shopping is less of a pastime and more of an addiction. These people have compulsive(强迫性的) shopping disorder, a condition filled with debt and regret.While it's true that many lack money and credit management skills, what these shoppers are often looking for is a “buy high”,an emotional rush to put themselves in a better mood, found San Francisco State University researchers in 2013. These types of shoppers often hold materialistic values. When under stress, materialistic shoppers are more likely to shop compulsively.Rather than providing any social or emotional outlet(发泄出口),the extreme stress-induced purchases only increase anxiety and lower well-being, and materialistic shoppers already tend to have lower self-esteem than others to begin with.In fact, it’s exactly at low moments that materialistic shoppers are most likely to shop for expensive items, and they're more likely to make those purchases on credit. This of course can create a vicious cycle, in which a materialistic shoppers with low self-esteem buys a luxury item he or she cannot afford in an effort to improve sense of self. The financial burden can cause stress and strain relationships over the issue of money, further affecting the mood of the shopper and leading to more spending to try to regain a sense of self-worth.Symptoms of shopping addiction include constant thoughts about shopping, buying to improve the mood and inability to change behavior.There are treatment options for those with compulsive shopping disorder, which may include medication. Other recommendations include shopping with a friend, getting rid of credit cards and above all, developing meaningful hobbies.1.What do you learn about Black Friday?A.Many shops have special offers.B.Customers can enjoy leisure time.C.Shoppers can get free products.D.Shoppers spend much money on useless things.2.According to the passage, the extreme stress-induced purchases _____.A.provide an emotional outletB.make people more anxiousC.regain people’s confidenceD.improve management skills3.When are materialistic shoppers most likely to shop for expensive items?A.When they are delighted.B.When they are excited.C.When they are inspired.D.When they are depressed.4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important treatment option?A.Taking chemical medicine.B.Shopping with a friend.C.Developing meaningful hobbies.D.Getting rid of credit cards.8、The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago. Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest poems on buildings. Modern graffiti seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New York. The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began writing their names, or “tags”, on buildings all over the city. In the mid-seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window, because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as masterpieces.In the early days, the “taggers” were part of street crowds who were concerned with marking their territory (领地). They worked in groups called “crews” and called what they did“writing”-the term “graffiti” was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer. Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies. But at the same time that it began to be regarded as an art form, John Lindsay, the then mayor of New York, declared the first war on graffiti. By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings.The debate over whether graffiti is art or deliberate damage is still going on. Peter Vallone, a New York city councilor, thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art, but if it is on someone else’s property it becomes a crime. “I have a message for the graffiti destroyers out there,” he said recently, “and your freedom of expression ends where my property begins.” On the other hand, Felix, a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City, says that artists are reclaiming cities for the public from advertisers, and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities livelier.For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a few. Jean-Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected artist in the 80s. The Frenchman Blek le Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by producing complex works with stencils (模板), often making political or humorous points. Works by Banksy have been sold for over £ 100,000. Graffiti is now sometimes big business.1.Why was the seventies an important decade in the history of graffiti?A.That was when modern graffiti first appeared.B.That was when modern graffiti first became really popular.C.That was when graffiti first reached New York.D.That was when graffiti first appeared on subway car windows2.What does the underlined word “taggers” in the second paragraph mean?s of people who graffitied.B.Building where paints were sprayed.C.People who marked surface with graffiti.D.People who were interested in graffiti.3.What can we know from the third paragraph?A.New Yorkers think graffiti is art.B.Graffiti was accepted by officials completely.C.Buildings can be covered with graffiti freely.D.There were once advertisements on city surface.4.What is the author’s final opinion about graffiti?A.Graffiti has now become mainstream and can benefit artists.B.Graffiti is not a good way to become a respected artist.C.Some popular graffiti artists end up being ignored by the art world.D.Some graffiti caused inconvenience to the local environment.答案以及解析1答案及解析:答案:1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C解析:1.本文介绍了越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是在间隔年期间赚取上大学的费用的现象。
2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编5含解析
2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编(5)李仕才AGrey clouds move as low as smoke over the treetops at Lolo Pass. The ground is white. The day is June 10.It has been snowing for the past four days in the Bitterroot Mountains. Wayne Fairchild is getting worried about our trek over the Lolo Trail-95 miles from Lolo Montana to Weippe in Idaho, across the roughest country in the West. Lewis and Clark were nearly defeated 200 years ago by snowstorms on the Lolo. Today Fairchild is nervously checking the weather reports. He has agreed to take me across the toughest, middle section of the trail.When Lewis climbed on top of Lemhi Pass,140 miles south of Missoula, on Aug.12,1805,he was astonished by what was in front of him; "high mountain chains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow." Nobody in what was then the US knew the Rocky Mountains existed, with peaks twice as high as anything in the Appalachians back East.Today their pathway through those mountains holds more attraction than any other ground over which they traveled, for its raw wilderness is an evidence to the character of two cultures: the explorers who braved its hardships and the Native Americans who prize and conserve the path as a sacred (神圣的)gift. It remains today the same condition as when Lewis and Clark walked it.The Lolo is passable only from July to mid-September. Our luck is holding with the weather, although the snow keeps getting deeper. As we climb to Indian Post Office, the highest point on the trail at 7,033 ft, we have covered 13 miles in soft snow, and we hardly have enough energy to make dinner. After a meal of chicken, I sit on a rock on top of the ridge (山脊).There is no light visible in any direction, not even another campfire. For four days we do not see another human being. We are occupied with the things that mix fear with joy. In our imagination we have finally caught up with Lewis and Clark.1. We learn from the text that before 1805 .A. The Rocky Mountains were wholly covered with snowB. there were no people living in the western part of AmericaC.no Americans knew of the existence of the Rocky MountainsD. the Appalachians were the western frontier of the United States2.We learn from the text that the Lolo Pass .A. has changed a lot since 1805B.is the meeting point of three culturesC. remains much the same as it was 200 years agoD. now attracts a large number of tourists to visit3.Judging from the text, Lewis and Clark were most probably .A. two native IndiansB. explorers of the early 19th centuryC. merchants who did business with the IndiansD. travelers whose curiosity took them over the Lolo Pass4.We can infer from the text that when crossing the Lolo Pass the author .A. was attempting the impossibleB. was trying to set a world recordC. was following the trail of Lewis and ClarkD. was fighting with weather and taking unnecessary risks【文章大意】本文纪录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险,尽管天气、路程等的艰难,但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。
第五周(刷测试周周参省)-备战2019语文高考必刷题 Word版含解析.doc
刷测试、周周参省第三周总分:60分时间:45分钟一、古诗文阅读阅读下面这首唐诗,完成下列小题。
旅中送迁客吴融天南不可去,君去吊灵均。
落日青山路,秋风白发人。
言危无继者,道在有明神。
满目尽胡越,平生何处陈。
1.下列对本诗的理解,不正确的一项是A.首联中,灵均是屈原的字。
表面写朋友要去凭吊屈原,实际暗示朋友被贬的遭际。
B.颔联点明送别的时间,对仗工整,注重色彩,用冷色调渲染了离别的心情。
C.本诗与王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》均为送别友人之作,情感真挚,格调相同。
D.本诗熔叙事、写景、抒怀于一炉,描写简备精当,感情深沉含蓄。
【答案】C【解析】【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧,能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
阅读下面这首唐诗,完成小题。
九日齐山登高杜牧江涵秋影雁初飞,与客携壶上翠微。
尘世难连开口笑,菊花须插满头归。
但将酩酊酬佳节,不用登临恨落晖。
古往今来只如此,牛山何必独沾衣①。
(注释)①春秋时,齐景公游于牛山,见落日而北望国都临淄,想到难于永享据有国土之乐,流泪说:“若何滂滂去此而死乎!”2.下列对这首诗的赏析,不正确的一项是A.李清照的《醉花阴》与本诗都反映出古人重阳赏菊、饮洒的风俗,但诗人心境不同,本诗没有前者包含的相思之愁。
B.颔联写诗人理想中尽兴地过重阳的方式——应该将菊花插个满头再归去,旨在表现他对菊花的独特喜爱和内心的旷达。
C.颈联用了对比,将大醉无忧与怨恨忧愁相对比。
“但将酩酊酬佳节”,诗人像是劝客,又像是劝自己。
D.尾联用典,诗人由眼前登临的齐山,联想到齐景公的牛山坠泪,他与齐景公有同感,却宽慰自己不必独自伤感流泪。
【答案】D【解析】【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧,能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
阅读下面这首宋诗,完成下面小题。
风雨中诵潘邠老诗韩淲①满城风雨近重阳②,独上吴山看大江。
老眼昏花忘远近,壮心轩豁任行藏。
从来野色供吟兴,是处秋光合断肠。
今古骚人乃如许,暮潮声卷入苍茫。
(注)①韩淲(1160—1224),江西上饶人,南宋诗人,从仕不久即归隐。
2019浙江高考语文一轮复习读练测4五多彩阅读【附解析】
多彩阅读命运是一个借口鲁先圣有读者问我:为什么哲学家说人生是一个悲剧?我说:人类的历史不是一个悲剧,因为一个时代走错了道路,下一个时代往往会吸取前车之鉴,引以为戒,接受教训,避免犯同样的错误,灾难也就不会重演。
可是,人却不同,人生没有假设,也没有改正的机会,选择错了道路,犯了错误,往往就不可收拾,岁月不会给你从头再来的机会。
所以,这样的人生就注定是一个悲剧。
有人说:不对,谁都有机会重新开始。
我说:那不是重新开始,仅仅是亡羊补牢。
你经过了惨痛的失败之后,再重新开始,但是,你失去的岁月,将永不再来了。
所以,对于每一个人来说,时刻警惕的,是不要犯大错,不要走错了路。
因为一旦踏上了人生之路,时光就不可逆转。
很多人一生一事无成,那是因为他选择了一条不适合自己的道路。
在一条不适合自己的道路上,纵然付出百倍的努力,也是徒劳的枉然。
有的人最终成为人类世界杰出的人物,虽然是因为他付出了艰辛的努力,但更重要的是他选择了正确的道路。
有很多时候,我们往往会陷入人生的困惑。
人是重感情的动物,如果一个人不讲感情,则会被人视为冷血动物一样毫无人性;可是,如果一切从情感出发,则会让自己陷于软弱可欺。
没有人不追求完美,可是,完美的事物与完美的人都是不存在的,过于追求完美则会出现遗憾的烦恼。
因此,我们必须学会接纳遗憾与欠缺。
世界上没有完美的人和事,但是,可以有完美的心态。
不论是那些初出茅庐的青年人,还是没有什么成就的中年人,都常常谈论命运。
出师不利,说自己命运不济;人生失意,就说自己命运不好。
其实,命运是什么?就是一个人的人生借口,或者人生托词。
自己看错了方向,选错了道路,努力不够,所以才没有成功,才人生失意。
但是,一句命运不好,就把这些本来属于自己的过错,都掩盖了。
这是一个人生失败者堂皇的理由、虚伪的台阶,也是一步步逐渐走向颓废甚至堕落的向导。
这个时候,这些人往往是渴望一份理解,一份同情,一份尊重,甚至是一份援手。
其实,很多人生失意的人不知道,当自己一败涂地后,这个心态只会让他的痛苦更深。
2019届高考语文一轮复习 第五部分 附加题 专题二 名著名篇阅读 2 实战演练 苏教版
专题二名著名篇阅读一、名著阅读题。
1.下列对有关名著的说明,不.正确的两项是( )A.《三国演义》“官渡之战”中,袁绍谋士许攸投降曹操,并说袁绍在乌巢囤积了大量粮草,曹操火烧粮草,袁军上下恐慌,曹操趁机大败袁军。
B.克劳狄斯是哈姆莱特的叔父,在哥哥死后继任了王位,他在众人面前诋毁哈姆莱特,并设计让雷欧提斯和哈姆莱特比剑,致使两人中毒剑而死。
C.《茶馆》中,常四爷、松二爷都是“旗人”,常四爷对满清政府腐败而亡并不惋惜,认为其“该亡”;松二爷在民国“挨了饿”,对“大清国”流露出眷恋的情绪。
D.《欧也妮·葛朗台》中,仆人拿侬在葛朗台家辛苦劳作了三十多年,在第二十年上,葛朗台才痛下决心赏了她一件漂亮的衣服,那是她收到的唯一一件礼物。
E.《哈姆莱特》中,奥菲莉娅的死,引起了哈姆莱特跟雷欧提斯的决斗,加重了戏剧的悲剧性,她的出现也使得充满男性阳刚气味的戏剧,有了女性柔情的滋润。
解析:选BD。
B项,“在众人面前诋毁哈姆莱特”错,克劳狄斯想杀害哈姆莱特,却还在众人面前褒奖哈姆莱特;D项,应为“一只旧表”。
2.简答题(1)宝钗过来摸她的脸笑道:“你张开嘴,我瞧瞧你的牙齿舌头是什么做的。
从早起来到这会子,你说这些话,一套一个样子,也不奉承三姑娘,也没见你说奶奶才短想不到……总是三姑娘想到的,你奶奶也想到了,只是必有个不可办的原故。
”(《红楼梦》第五十六回)宝钗口中的“你”指的是谁?结合全书的两个情节,分析这个人的性格。
答:(2)下面是《茶馆》中哪两个人物的台词?分别反映了怎样的时代特征?①“天下太平了,圣旨下来了,谭嗣同问斩!告诉您,谁敢改祖宗的章程,谁就掉脑袋!”②“年头越乱,我的生意越好!这年月,谁活着谁死都碰运气,怎能不多算算命、相相面呢?”答:答案:(1)平儿。
(示例)①善待刘姥姥、邢岫烟、尤二姐,体现她的善良、细心;②探春理家时,一面支持探春对付众管家媳妇,一面还能顾及凤姐颜面,体现她的聪慧、干练;③帮助贾琏隐瞒奸情,体现她善于处世应变;④在茯苓霜和玫瑰露事件中,她开脱柳家母女,体现她的仁厚、思虑周详。
2019年高考语文小说阅读答题技巧专题05小说情节考点分析含解析
专题05 小说情节考点分析情节是小说的核心部分,把握好故事情节,是欣赏小说的基础,也是整体感知文章的起点。
命题者在为小说命题时,也必定以情节为出发点,从整体上设置理解文章内容的试题。
高考考查情节的题型有3种:情节概括梳理题、情节手法题、情节作用题。
一、梳理概括情节“情节梳理概括”就是要求考生能够按照一定的顺序梳理情节,并用简要的语言加以概括表述。
高考考查这一考点的试题往往立足全文设题,考查全文的故事情节的梳理。
这种试题分为明考型(题干直接明确概括情节或梳理情节、脉络)和暗考型(题干要求概括人物的心理变化、态度变化、情感变化等)两种。
考试题型明考型:这类题目的题干中往往有“概括”、“梳理”等作答动词和“情节”“脉络”等表答题方向的名词。
比如说“请围绕主人公梳理文章的基本情节”“请用简明的语言梳理这篇小说的脉络”。
暗考型:题干不是明确要求概括或梳理情节、脉络,而是要求概括人物的心理变化、态度变化、情感变化等。
这类题目实际上也属于情节梳理题,只是答题方向不同。
例如“请用简洁的文字写出小说中XX的态度的变化过程。
”答题方法1.结构连贯法:厘清小说的结构层次,按小说的叙述顺序、情节发展中“开端、发展、高潮、结局”的结构脉络梳理。
2.场面连贯法:小说中的场面是人物活动的重要场所,有些小说中一个场面就可以梳理为一个情节。
3.线索连贯法:线索是串联小说人物、事件的人、事、物、感情、时间或地点等,勾画关联线索的语句。
抓住线索,就可以围绕线索概括出情节发展的各个阶段内容。
4.细节连贯法:围绕人物活动,深入阅读文本内容,抓住对情节推进或人物活动、心理具有表现力的细节,勾画关键词句进行提炼、概括。
答题步骤第一步,审题干,明方向。
即根据题干中的关键词判断题目是明考型还是暗考型,从而确定答题的方向。
第二步,依内容,理层次。
即根据小说文本的具体内容,或采用结构连贯法,或采用场面连贯法,或采用线索连贯法,或采用细节连贯法,划分段落,理清层次结构。
备战2019年高考语文必刷题(刷考向层层剥笋)第五周考向20艺术手法之写景艺术(含解析)
第五周考向20艺术手法之写景艺术【重要指数】☆☆☆☆☆【考点点睛】分析诗歌的写景方式注意从顺序、着眼点和艺术手法的角度进行分析。
顺序注意高低、俯仰、远近等,着眼点注意视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉等多角度写景;艺术手法注意是动静、虚实、对比、衬托等等表现手法和比喻、拟人、夸张等修辞方式。
答题时结合诗句具体的分析。
【2013高考辽宁卷】阅读下面这首宋诗,完成下列题目。
竹轩诗兴张镃柴门风卷却吹开,狭径初成竹旋栽。
梢影细从茶碗入,叶声轻逐篆烟来。
暑天倦卧星穿过,冬昼闲吟雪压摧。
预想此时应更好,莫移墙下一株梅。
[注]篆烟:盘香的烟缕。
本诗第二联描写精妙,请简要分析。
【答案】全联视听结合,生动地描写了诗人的所见所闻,表现了竹轩环境的清幽和诗人生活的闲适,“梢影细从茶碗入”准确地描绘了茶具间光影的变化;“叶声轻逐篆烟来”运用比拟(拟人)的手法,形象地写出了叶声与烟飞起了,宛如随着篆烟轻轻地飘起来来的动态美。
【解析】【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧。
能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
对于诗词中的景,鉴赏时应主要注意的常见方法和技巧有以下几点:1.留意作者观察景物的立足点和描写景物的角度,如高、低、俯、仰的变化。
2.把握和分析作者描写景物的方法,如绘形、绘声、绘色。
“乱石穿空,惊涛拍岸,卷起千堆雪。
”3.理解和说明描写景物的技巧,参照前面的表现手法。
4.语言运用方面,既要学会欣赏像盛唐诗人所描写的雄浑壮丽的景象,如王维的“大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆”,又要善于体会诗人细致入微的观察、捕捉和描摹,如杜甫的“细雨鱼儿出,微风燕子斜”。
阅读下面这首诗歌,完成后面各题。
江楼夕望招客白居易海天东望夕茫茫,山势川形阔复长。
灯火万家城四畔,星河一道水中央。
风吹古木晴天雨,月照平沙夏夜霜。
能就江楼消暑否?比君茅舍较清凉。
1.下列对诗歌内容的概括和赏析,不正确的两项是()A.“海天东望夕茫茫”一句写仲夏之夜,登上江楼,极目远眺,海天暮色“茫茫”一片,诗人心中顿生凄凉之感,和尾句的“凉”相照应。
2019版高考语文一轮复习读练测(浙江专版)10周第5周周六提分精练实用类、论述类文本含答案
实用类、论述类文本一、阅读下面的文字,完成文后题目。
与书本不同,互联网已被普遍视为个人记忆的替代物,而远非补充品。
这种情况源自一个隐喻:人脑和电脑的本质相同。
这大概是所有关于人脑的错误论断中涉及最广、危害最大的一个了。
如果此言成立的话,记忆不仅丧失了神性,也丧失了人性,记忆女神变成了一台机器。
大量的神经科学研究表明,那些极力鼓吹把记忆外包给互联网的人是被一个比喻误导了,他们忽视了生物记忆的有机性质——对记忆内容的每次回忆都会重新启动巩固记忆的完整过程。
换言之,生物记忆处于不断更新的动态过程中,而存储于计算机中的记忆内容则是静态的比特形式,两者简直是天壤之别。
无论何时,只要一上网,铺天盖地的信息就会奔涌而来,这不仅会给我们的记忆工作带来过重的负荷,也会导致大脑颞叶难以专注于任何一件事,巩固记忆的过程因而难以启动。
我们的大脑在越来越依赖网络的过程中变得善于遗忘,因为大脑控制注意力的能力已经变得空前薄弱了。
我们逐渐丧失了对思考内容和思考方式加以控制的能力,关注对象的选择往往是被动的,更可怕的是对于这一事实许多人竟然浑然不知,因为关于以上种种的自我意识在上网时已灰飞烟灭。
没有专注,便没有记忆,神经学家对于人脑细胞级和分子级工作机理的有关研究发现着重指出了这一点。
个人记忆形成并支持着作为文化支撑的集体记忆。
鉴于此,我们每个人都在表现和设计未来的历史,文化在我们的神经突触中得以支持和延续。
美国戏剧家理查德·福尔曼警醒地道出了潜在的危险:“把记忆任务推卸给外部数据库,并不仅仅危及个体的深度和独特个性,还会危及我们共享的社会文化的深度和独特个性……随着我们深厚文化遗产的内部库存日益枯竭,我们面临着成为扁平人的危险。
我们访问那个规模庞大的信息网络时,仅需点击鼠标,可谓延伸宽广但极其稀薄。
”无论如何,人类文明不只是互联网所承载的全世界信息的总和,也不只是可以简化为二进制代码并上传至互联网的所有内容。
人类文明要保持勃勃生机,就必须在每一代人的所有成员的头脑中重建。
2019高考英语阅读理解(5)及解析或解析(11月哈尔滨)
2019高考英语阅读理解(5)及解析或解析(11月哈尔滨)阅读理解、专题训练(十)(2017年山东卷)Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful,problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves.University ofMissouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller,lighter and more efficient.“To provide enough power,we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”,said Jae Kwon,assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU.“The radioisotope(放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery,presently the size and thickness of a penny,intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS)、Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns,Kwon said they are safe.“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said,“However,nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices,such as pacemakers,space satellites and underwater systems.”His new idea is not only in the battery's size,but also in its semiconductor(半导体)、Kwon's battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy,part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure (晶体结构)of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said,“By using a liquid semiconductor,we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J、David Robertson,chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor,Kwon is working to build and test the battery.In the future,they hope to increase the battery's power,shrink its size and try with various other materials.Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.Ⅰ.以约30词概括文章大意___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.根据短文内容选择最正确答案1、Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A、He teaches chemistry at MU.B、He developed a chemical battery.C、He is working on a nuclear energy source.D、He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.2、Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4________.A、to show chemical batteries are widely appliedB、to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely usedC、to describe a nuclearpowered systemD、to introduce various energy sources3、Liquid semiconductor is used to ________.A、get rid of the radioactive wasteB、test the power of nuclear batteriesC、decrease the size of nuclear batteriesD、reduce the damage to lattice structure4、According to Jae Kwon,his nuclear battery ________.A、uses a solid semiconductorB、will soon replace the present onesC、could be extremely thinD、has passed the final test5、The text is most probably a ________.A、science news reportB、book reviewC、newspaper adD、science fiction story参考答案ⅠThe passage tells us that scientists are developing some new nuclear lighterandmoreefficient.(26words)Ⅱ1、解析:从Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery可知答案。
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2019高考备考周阅读五一、成语积累暴殄天物不珍惜焚琴煮鹤煞风景辨析:这两个成语都有糟蹋东西的意思。
它们的区别在于暴殄天物泛指糟蹋各种物品,适用范围较广;焚琴煮鹤多指鲁莽愚蠢的行为,糟蹋美好的事物。
杯弓蛇影没必要草木皆兵心恐慌辨析:这两个成语都有疑神疑鬼妄自惊恐的意思。
它们的区别在于杯弓蛇影多用于指不必要的主观猜疑惊慌,而草木皆兵,风声鹤唳偏重指内心的极度恐慌。
杯水车薪数目少无济于事不得力辨析:这两个成语都有对解决问题没有多少作用的意思。
它们的区别在于杯水车薪多指用于救急的实物钱财等数目太少,而无济于事多指用以解决问题的措施行动不得力,没作用。
悲愤填膺痛又愤义愤填膺捍正义辨析:这两个成语都有愤怒填满胸膛的意思。
它们的区别在于悲愤填膺多用于形容因悲痛而引起的愤怒之情充满胸膛;义愤填膺只用于形容出于捍卫正义而引发的愤怒之情充满胸膛。
背信弃义不守信忘恩负义背恩德辨析:这两个成语都有不顾道义的意思。
它们的区别在于背信弃义偏重在不守信用,违背诺言,而忘恩负义多形容忘记别人对自己的好处,做出对不起别人的事。
二、文言短篇阅读鸿鹄之志陈涉少时,尝与人佣耕,辍耕之垄上,怅恨久之,曰:“苟富贵,无相忘。
”佣者笑而应曰:“若为佣耕,何富贵也?”陈涉太息曰:“嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!”——《史记·陈涉世家》1.尝与人佣耕:曾经同别人一道被雇佣耕地。
佣,被雇佣。
2.辍耕之垄上:停止耕作走到田埂高地上休息。
之:动词,去往。
3.怅恨久之:因失望而叹恨了很久。
怅,失意,不痛快。
4.若:代词,你,指陈胜。
5.燕雀,麻雀,这里比喻见识短浅的人。
6.鸿鹄,天鹅,这里比喻有远大抱负的人。
辍辍本义是中途停止,废止。
如: 甲午正月朔,即入南都,读书鹤鸣山,昼夜不辍(2016年高考江苏卷); 帝临哭,辍朝三日。
(2016年高考新课标Ⅰ卷)。
引申义:1、放下,舍弃。
如:于是乃偃兵,辍不攻宋(2015年高考天津卷) 2、撤销,撤除。
如:大父读书龙光楼,辍其梯,轴轳传食,不下楼者三年。
(2016年高考江苏卷) 3、取出,拿出。
如:辍俸(取出俸禄);辍赠(取物相赠)成语助记:孜孜不辍:勤勉从事,努力专一,不肯停息。
做事认认真真,不敷衍,踏踏实实。
作辍无常:时作时歇、不能持久。
辍,停止;无常,变化不定。
辍食吐哺:辍:中止,停止。
停止用饭,吐出口中含的食物。
辍毫栖牍:停笔藏牍,指停止写作。
牍,古代写字用的狭长木板。
三、诗歌赏读访隐者不遇成二绝(其一)李商隐秋水悠悠浸墅扉,梦中来数觉来稀。
玄蝉声尽叶黄落,一树冬青人未归。
诗人李商隐前往拜访一位隐者,但是没有遇到隐者,只看见: 悠闲自在的秋雨,浸润着草房的柴门。
梦中无数次来过这里,醒来却感觉很遥远。
秋天的蝉已经不再鸣叫,树叶开始变黄飘落。
但是,隐者的门前,有一颗经过秋霜依旧苍翠的冬青树。
隐者出门还没有归来。
秋水悠悠浸墅扉,梦中来数觉来稀。
秋水,指秋雨。
悠悠,悠闲自在。
秋雨本来没有悠闲自在的境界,但是因为隐者和观察者的心灵投射,秋雨变得人格化。
学者王国维在诗词评论著作《人间词话》里说:“有我之境,以我观物,物皆着我之色彩。
无我之境,以物观物,故不知何者为我,何者为物。
”“梦中来数觉来稀”,诗人李商隐已经多次梦见来拜访这位隐者,但是醒来时却觉得现实的情景好遥远。
李商隐虽然没有点明拜访的隐者的姓名,但是一定是李商隐非常敬仰的一个人。
玄蝉声尽叶黄落,一树冬青人未归。
玄蝉,秋蝉。
冬青,冬青科常绿乔木,耐寒,经历霜雪而不凋谢。
李商隐在《访隐者不遇成二绝》第一首精心选择了一系列的意象:秋雨、草房柴门、秋蝉、落叶、冬青树,徘徊于现实与梦境、出世与入世之间,创造出飘然尘外、冲淡平和的境界。
在中国古代,隐士一般有两种。
一种隐居只是手段,是终南捷径,以退为进,待价而沽,目的是为了吸引当局者注意,求得更好的当官机会;第二种隐居是目的,只想脱离尘世的羁绊,过真正的隐居生活。
唐代有很多隐士,当然也会有很多慕名而来的拜访者,寻访不到就会心生感慨,写下诗篇。
比如王维《春日于裴迪过新昌里访吕逸人不遇》、丘为《寻西山隐者不遇》和贾岛《寻隐者不遇》等。
诗人李商隐对隐居者的拜访,是尘世中人对脱离尘世者的拜访。
诗歌以对意象的精心营造,以尘世中人的视角,写对隐居者闲云野鹤、超然物外生活的向往。
四、聚焦时代慈善筹款平台须凝聚而不是伤害善心来源:光明日报作者:封寿炎日前,网络慈善筹款平台水滴筹再陷舆论旋涡。
一位求助者因女儿重病筹款25万余元后,被网友曝光其家境殷实,“有店有房有车”。
随后,获助者竟然大肆辱骂捐款者。
一则爱心故事,硬生生演绎成了“农夫与蛇”。
水滴筹凝聚了善心,最终却又伤害了捐款者的善心。
按照水滴筹官方网站的介绍,成立两年多来,已经累计帮助55万名大病患者筹到超过62亿元治病钱。
这些善款为千千万万家庭雪中送炭,纾解了他们的燃眉之急。
可以说,这种基于互联网技术的创新筹款模式,对于凝聚社会爱心、促进民间公益慈善事业发展起到了积极作用。
然而,诚信是慈善事业的生命,社会爱心尤其需要珍视和呵护。
随着不断成长和业务规模的发展壮大,如果平台无法保证筹款、用款各个环节的真实和诚信,甚至一再伤害捐款人的爱心,那么其公益慈善行为的实际效果,就有可能跟它的宗旨南辕北辙。
此次求助者的女儿突患重病,需要巨额医药费的情况属实,筹款数额也与治病所需大致相当。
然而,求助者却有意隐瞒了一部分关键事实。
据了解,求助者是南宁某老友粉店的老板,家庭经济能力完全可以承担30万元左右的医药费,应该不属于水滴筹的帮助对象。
当真实情况曝光之后,舆论的矛头几乎一致指向求助者及其女儿,而更应承担责任的筹款平台反而被人们轻轻放过。
求助者钻空子属于私德有亏,其女儿恩将仇报更是突破了道德底线。
但实事求是地说,我们很难奢望每位社会成员都具有良好道德和过硬品行。
扎紧体制机制的篱笆,堵住漏洞和缺陷,使他人没有空子可钻、没有可乘之机,这正是机构平台的责任所在。
像水滴筹这样的网络筹款平台,其功能之一是“为经济困难的大病患者提供免费筹款工具”。
那么,它们就有责任确保求助者两方面信息的真实性:一是确实属于大病患者;二是确实家庭困难,无力承担医疗费用。
从实际情况看,平台并没有能力确保这两个方面信息的真实性。
它的审核更多侧重于在线形式审核,没有足够的人员和技术力量开展实地审核,也没能与更多的权威部门和有关机构共享真实有效信息,从而为诈捐、骗捐留下方便之门。
在应对舆情危机时候,一些公益平台同样能力不足、缺乏经验。
今年5月份,水滴筹引发的“王凤雅事件”轰动全国。
水滴筹身处舆论风暴的核心位置,却在还原事件的来龙去脉、提供真实信息方面几无作为。
“王凤雅事件”给公益慈善事业和社会伦理正义都造成了巨大伤害,作为关键当事方之一,水滴筹的能力不足和处置失当难辞其咎。
近十年来,民间公益慈善事业蓬勃发展,民间公益平台、慈善组织和志愿者组织遍地开花,对于促进社会文明进步发挥了积极作用。
但是,由于起步较晚,发展还处于比较粗糙的初始阶段,“能力跟不上爱心、素质配不上雄心”的状况相当普遍。
一些诈捐、骗捐事件的频频出现,在筹款、使用善款过程中发生的丑闻,以及一些组织和个人在职业操守和品德方面的瑕疵,都不断侵蚀着民间公益慈善的信誉和形象,显然不利于民间公益慈善事业发展。
作为新兴慈善力量,网络慈善平台有责任从自身做起,通过提高水平能力、完善体制机制、查堵缺陷漏洞,使这一慈善形式凝聚起来的爱心和力量,真正帮助那些需要帮助的人群。
五、美文品读中华礼制变迁的现代启示中华礼制源远流长、绵延不绝,是中华文明的重要内容和载体,对增强中华民族的凝聚力和向心力起到了重要作用。
在大力培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值观,改善社会风气,提升国人道德,凝聚中华儿女共同实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的今天,探究中华礼制变迁的规律,无疑具有重要的现实意义。
毋庸讳言,在中华民族发展过程中,诸民族之间有过矛盾与冲突。
但它们能在认同中华礼制的前提下逐渐缓和矛盾,化解冲突,形成共存共荣的良好关系。
例如,在我国历史上,无论魏晋南北朝时期在北方建立的少数民族政权,还是之后建立辽朝的契丹族、建立金朝的女真族、建立元朝的蒙古族及建立清朝的满族,无一例外地认同并服膺中华礼制,从而能使民族融合不断向前推进。
显然,发挥中华礼制的凝聚功能,是凝聚国人、增强自信的重要途径。
中华先民并不只是讲究礼仪“进退周旋,威仪抑抑”的外在形式,而且注重探求礼仪的内在精神实质。
孔子说:“礼云礼云,玉帛云乎哉!乐云乐云,钟鼓云乎哉!”《礼记·郊特牲》称,“礼之所尊,尊其义也”。
所谓“尊其义”,就是追求道德境界,强调道德践履。
孔子称颂那些能够修身立德、行礼律己、道德高尚的前代圣贤,反复强调“不学礼,无以立”。
坚持知礼行礼、知行合一,追求高尚的道德境界,体现了中华先民的主流价值观。
中华礼制注重道德修养与道德实践,强调知行合一,这使它起到了塑造道德人格、促进社会和谐稳定的重要作用。
可以说,中华礼制自诞生之日起就具备了教化功能,并在演化过程中逐渐将道德教育与理想教育紧密结合,强调自幼及长、礼教终生,提倡仁爱精神、忠恕之道,注重培养道德人格,建设礼仪之邦。
所谓礼仪之邦,就是有高度道德自觉的社会,是诸族和谐、政治清明、社会稳定、经济发展、民众富庶的社会。
这是中华礼制提出的愿景,是中华先民们向往和着力构建的社会。
中华礼制所倡导的仁爱精神、忠恕之道、和谐社会等学说,能为今日构建和谐世界贡献中华民族的智慧。
作为一种制度,中华礼制在历史上曾为各种政权服务。
在封建社会,它强调封建等级,包含一些糟粕。
然而更应该看到的是,中华礼制能够与时俱进、吐故纳新,不断改革与变迁。
孔子提到三代礼制传承中的“损益”,便是一种改革;《礼记》进一步提出“时为大”这一与时俱进的礼制改革原则。
适时变革是中华礼制演进的重要原则,这使它成为与中华民族同生共长、传承久远的文化传统。
由孔子创建、孟子加以发挥的儒家礼制观,在战国时期曾饱受其他思想家的批判,那是因为这种礼制观仅仅重视礼的道德层面,而对礼的制度规范层面关注不够。
秦汉之后,我们的先人力图将礼与法结合起来,融礼入法、礼法合一成为中华礼制变迁的重要转折。
礼法合一要求人们遵礼守法,违礼即违法。
礼既是道德要求,又是法律规范;礼制既有教化功效,又有法制规范之用。
《礼记·经解》认为“礼,禁乱之所由生”,可以起到“止邪也于未形,使人日徙善远罪而不自知也”的作用。
古人通过礼来“止邪于未形”,使人们“徙善远罪”,达到“禁乱”和教育人的目的,对我们今天推进国家和社会治理有一定启示意义。