英语前缀大全

ab- (abs-) [L] = away from, off

在常用词absent和abstract中含有一个拉丁语源的原生词缀ab- (abs-)。它原是拉丁介副词，意思相当于英语的away from或off。这个前缀一般加在拉丁词根上，构成动词及相应的形容词与名词。abs-是ab-的异体，出现在以c, t开头的词根前。ab- (abs-)是个僵化词缀，下面分析的都是原生派生词。

absent [ab- = away; sent = to be]

being away; not present 不在；缺席

He is absent from class today. 他今天缺课。

absentee n. 不在者，缺席者

absence n. 不在，缺席

abstract [abs- (ab-) = away; tract = to draw => “to draw away”抽离；抽取]

v. take away; remove 抽取；分离

Iron is abstracted from ore. 铁是从铁矿石中提炼出来的。

abstraction n. 提取；分离

abscond [abs- (ab-) = away; cond = to store => “to store away”藏匿起来]

v. go off and hide 潜逃

The dishonest cashier absconded with the bank’s money.

心术不正的银行出纳携款潜逃。

abduct [abs- (ab-) = away; duct = to lead => “to lead somebody away from home”把某人引离家门]

v. to take away by fraud or violence; kidnap 诱拐；劫持

The man abducted a boy for ransom. 那人诱拐了一个男孩来勒索赎金。

abductor n. 诱拐者；拐子

absolve [abs- (ab-) = away; solve = to loose => “to loose sb. away from”把某人从…中解脱开来]

v. free from; forgive 解除；宽恕

He confessed his mistakes and was absolved. 他认了错并得到了宽恕。

absolution n. 免除；赦免

abuse [abs- (ab-) = away; us = to use; -e => “to use away from the proper way”偏离正道地使用] v. to use wrongly; misuse 滥用；妄用

Don’t abuse a friendship by asking too many favours. 不要滥用友情求人过甚。

abusage n. 文字的滥用；不适当的用语

abusive a. 滥用的；辱骂性的

abstain [abs- (ab-) = away; tain = to hold => “to hold oneself away from sth.”控制自己离开某种事物]

v. hold oneself back; restrain 戒；节制

He has abstained from smoking. 他已经戒了烟。abstention n. 戒；避开；弃权