英语句子成分及结构专题
句子成分和结构
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17. What he said made me unhappy. 补语
18. Soon they all became interested in 表语 the subject.
19. They didn’t know who the old man really was.
宾语
20. I’m waiting for the sound of the other shoe.
不带to的不定式:
5看3让2听1感觉 see/watch/look at/notice/observe let/make/have listen to/hear feel
可带亦可不带 to: help
定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短
语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通 常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰 some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如: something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作 定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用 作定语时须放在名词之后。 1.Jintan is a beautiful city. 形容词
4.John was late because of the heavy snow. 原因
结果 5.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
让步 6. Although he is young, he knows a lot.
7. In order to enter a good university, I must work hard. 目的
people about saving water.
不定式
7. My hope is that all of you are able to
英语句子成分及结构专题
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一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分"的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。
独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有:感叹词、呼语和插入语。
1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词(如the rich)⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示.例如:Tom is a clever boy.(专有名词人名作主语)画出句子的主语,并说明其构成方式:①During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular。
②We often speak English in class.③One-third of the students in this class are girls。
④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.⑤Smoking does harm to the health。
⑥The rich should help the poor。
⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language。
⑨That he isn’t at home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。
句子成分和句子结构(单选题 30题 含解析)初中英语专题练习 (1)
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句子成分和句子结构(单选题 30题含解析)初中英语专题练习一、单选题1. I go to the movies once a week.()A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语2.( ) 2. Rose was always late for school and her teacher got mad with her.A. sadB. angryC. excited3.I can't find my pen. Could you help____________ find it?A. me B. her C. him D. them 4.There are some volunteers in the park.()A.表语B.宾语C.主语D.定语5._________ were all very tired, but none of _________ would stop to take a rest.A.We; us B.Us; weC.We; our D.We; we6. There will be more forests for pandas to live in.()A.定语B.表语C.主语D.宾语7.( ) 7. She regretted saying the bad words to her mother. Now she feels ashamed.A. was sorry forB. was happy withC. was interested in8. The woman in a red coat is my mother.()A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语9.( ) 10. I suggest that you should get up earlier.A. adviseB. thinkC. remind10.They ________ take a short rest.A. stopped toB. stopC. stoppedD. stopping 11.He got up _________ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter12. I don't know how to deal with the problem.()A.状语B.表语C.宾语D.宾补13.( ) 15. I haven’t heard from her for a long time.A. heard of herB. received her letterC. listened to her14.(﹣_____ good grades I hope to get in this exam!﹣I'm sure you will.()A.What B.What a C.How D.How a15.﹣﹣﹣I know nothing about the film Titanic.﹣﹣﹣_____.()A.Neither do I B.So do IC.Neither did I D.So did I16.﹣﹣﹣ Last summer holiday, I didn't go anywhere. How boring!﹣﹣﹣. But I'm going somewhere for a holiday this summer.()A.Neither I did B.Neither did IC.So did I D.So I did17.Either the students or the teacher him very well.()A.knows B.to know C.know D.knew18._____exciting news it is! 3D﹣﹣printed houses will come out!()A.What B.What an C.How D.How an19.____ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one.()A.What B.What a C.What an D.How20.﹣___________wonderful the music is! What's its name?﹣Victory.()A.How B.How a C.What D.What a21. special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.()A.What B.What a C.How a D.How22.Tony, neverthat again!()A.does B.do C.did D.doing23.﹣What does he say?﹣He says there_____ a meeting tomorrow morning.()A.is B.has C.will be D.have24.﹣ People choose high﹣speed train or self﹣driving to travel on holidays.﹣ ________ fast the traditional travel ways change!()A.What B.How C.What a D.How a25. Nowadays, there ________ more heroes in China. We admire them a lot.()A.is B.are C.was D.were26. ________ clever dog Lucky is! It can understand Mr. Smith's orders.()A.What B.What a C.How D.How a27.﹣Have you watched the movie named Amazing China(《厉害了,我的国》)?﹣Sure, I have. _____ great achievements our country has made!.()A.What a B.What an C.What D.How28. Neither Tom nor I________ interested in playing WeChat.()A.am B.is C.are D.be29. The self﹣driving plane proves to be useful in many ways.___smart invention it is!()A.What B.What a C.What an D.How30.﹣___convenient it is to live in China!﹣Yes, we've got WeChat, shared bikes, Alipay, etc.()A.What a B.What C.How a D.How【参考答案】一、单选题1. I go to the movies once a week.()A.宾语B.状语C.表语D.定语【分析】我每周看一次电影.【解答】本题考查的是状语的用法.分析:句子的主语是I;谓语动词是go to the movies; once a week(每周一次)是时间状语,表示频率.故选:B.【点评】解答本题时,先要弄清句意以及各部分做什么成分.2.【答案】 B【解析】罗斯上学总是迟到,她的老师生她的气。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。
)中,“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。
)中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。
例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。
)中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。
)中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。
)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。
例如,“I love you” (我爱你。
)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。
专题一句子成分及简单句型结构
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专题一句子成分及简单句型结构要点归纳:一、句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫作 ______________ 。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:__________ ,__________, _________ , __________ ,_________ ,__________二、简单句的基本句型1. ________________________________2. _____________________3. _________________________4. _________________________5. _________________________精讲点拨:一、句子成分1、主语一一表明句子说明的人或事物,主语常用名词、代词,数词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词)He gets up early every day 代词)Seeing is believing .(动名词短语)What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree . ( It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)2、谓语一一说明说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
英语中谓语只能用动词充当。
例如:We work hard.The boy caught a bird.He is my father.They all look fine.谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如:I am reading. You are reading.He\She is reading. We are reading.3、宾语一一宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
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高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析(考查形式:语法填空,句子翻译,及阅读中对句子的理解)二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语;that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语;9、谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13 同位语14 定语句子,按结构,分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
英语句子成分和结构.ppt
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5. I have a lot work to do. (主谓宾+宾补)
6. He went to London yesterday. (主谓宾)
20
Many thanks!
21
22
23
24
★主语一般在句首。
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型
The boy you will know is Tom. 从句
Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night.
所有格
I met a friend on my way home. 副词
7
六.状语 The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,说明方式、因果、条件、时间 、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.
和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后
面,用来说明主语的性质,特征,状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析
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初中英语句子结构与成分题20套(带答案)及解析一、句子结构与成分1.What is your new speech on,Mr.Smith?(选出宾语)A.WhatB.your new speechC.onD.Mr.Smith【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:你的演讲是关于什么,史密斯先生?on介词后面跟宾语,特殊疑问词what在句中作on的宾语,故选A。
【点评】此题考查句子成分。
根据句子结构确定划线部分在句中的成分,选出正确答案。
2.Which of the following sentences is correct?A.He came in and sat down.B.We all like<Harry Potter>.C.When we met.He didn't say hello.D.We went out,headed for the bus stop.【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:下面那个句子是正确的。
A是简单句,came和sat是并列谓语,都是一般过去式,所以A正确。
B中的符号不符合英语习惯,在英语中没有书名号,表示书名时通常用斜体字形式。
C句的标点符号是错误的,把met后的句号改为逗号才符合复合句的定义。
D句中headed前应加上and或者将headed改为heading构成伴随状语。
因此选A。
【点评】考查句法知识。
3.—What an interesting story she told us!—Yes,and her voice sounded________.A.sweetB.smallC.clearlyD.sadly【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意:——他给我们讲的是多么有趣的故事啊!——是的,她的声音听起来很甜美。
sweet甜的;small小的;clearly清楚地;sadly伤心地。
sound是系动词,后跟形容词,故选A。
【点评】考查系表结构。
专题 2 句子成分和结构 -2023年暑假初升高英语衔接宝典(新高一适用)
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专题2句子的成分与结构知识对接接点1句子成分英语的句子成分主要有七种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
除了这七种主要成分之外,还有同位语和独立成分的说法。
其中独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。
接点2简单句的五种基本结构1.句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种句子结构的基础。
2.五种基本句型结构如下:①S V(主+谓)He never lies.他从不撒谎。
②S V O(主+谓十宾)I like apples very much.我非常喜欢苹果。
③S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)My parents bought me a new backpack.我父母给我买了一个新书包。
④S V O OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)I saw a boy playing basketball.我看见一个男孩正在打篮球。
⑤S V P(主+系+表)The milk went sour.牛奶变味了。
注:主语(Subject)谓语(Predicate)宾语(Object)定语(Attribute)状语(Adverbial)补语(Complement)表语(Predicative)难点突破突破1主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(如the rich)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等。
Tom is a clever boy.(人名作主语)拓展训练用下划线画出下列句子的主语,并说明其所属的词性或语法结构1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn't at home is not true.答案:1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular,(名词短语)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(It为代词,作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式)9.That he isn't at home is not true.(主语从句)突破2谓语谓语通常由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语(Subject):句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句:Tom is reading a book.(主语是Tom)2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句:I am studying English. (谓语是am studying)3. 宾语(Object):句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句:She bought a new car.(宾语是a new car)4. 定语(Adjective):修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句:I saw a black cat.(定语是black)5. 状语(Adverb):修饰动词、形容词、副词,可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句:She sings beautifully.(状语是beautifully)例句:I am a student.(补语是a student)英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类:1. 简单句(Simple Sentence):包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句:She sings.(主语+谓语)例句:I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.(独立子句+连接词+独立子句)3. 并列句(Coordinative Sentence):用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句:I am tired, so I'm going to bed.(分句+连词+分句)例句:She invited me to a party, which made me happy.(主句+从句)总结起来,英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用,可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构,可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子,提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子结构分析成分
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英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子的结构可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。
1. 主语:句子中表达动作或状态的实施者或具有其中一种属性的人
或事物。
如:The cat caught a mouse.(猫抓住了一只老鼠。
)
2. 谓语:句子中表达动作、状态或存在的核心。
如:He is running.(他正在奔跑。
)
3. 宾语:句子中受到动作影响的人或事物。
如:She bought a book.(她买了一本书。
)
4. 定语:句子中修饰名词或代词的成分,用来描述、限定名词或代词。
如:I have a red car.(我有一辆红色的车。
)
5. 状语:句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分,用来描述、限定
动词、形容词、副词。
如:He speaks English fluently.(他流利地讲
英语。
)
6. 补语:句子中用来补充说明主语、宾语或介词宾语的成分。
如:The soup tastes delicious.(这汤味道很好。
英语句子成分及结构专题
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一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。
独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有:感叹词、呼语和插入语。
1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词(如the rich)⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。
例如:Tom is a clever boy.(专有名词人名作主语)画出句子的主语,并说明其构成方式:①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.②We often speak English in class.③One-third of the students in this class are girls.④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.⑤Smoking does harm to the health.⑥The rich should help the poor.⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language.⑨That he isn’t at home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习seek; pursue; go/search/hanker after; crave; court; woo; go/run after英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语+不及物动词Shecame..主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtabookforme.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.主谓宾名/代--动词--名/代we--saw--you.we--did--thework.主系表名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词youarebeautifulyouseemsworried.youareastufent.相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语.1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”.通常用名词或代词担任.如:I’mMissGreen.我是格林小姐2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做什么”.主要由动词担任.如:Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.杰克每天打扫房间3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”.通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.如:MynameisPingping.我的名字叫萍萍4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”.通常由名词或代词担任.如:Hecanspelltheword.他能拼这个词有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如:Hewrotemealetter.他给我写了一封信有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如:Hewrotealettertome.他给我写了一封信5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任.如:Shanghaiisabigcity.上海是个大城市6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任.如:Heworkshard.他工作努力7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当.如:Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.他们通常让教室保持清洁/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.他常常帮我做功课/ TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.老师要我自学法语8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况.如:WhereisyourclassmateTom你的同学汤姆在哪里1.主语subject:句子说明的人或事物.Thesunrisesintheeast名词Helikesdancing.代词Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.数词Seeingisbelieving.动名词Toseeistobelieve.不定式Whatheneedsisabook.主语从句Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语一指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语predicate:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.二.选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DouallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语predicative:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.Heisateacher.名词Youdon’tlook it.代词Fiveandfiveisten.数词Heisasleep.形容词Hisfatherisin.副词Thepictureisonthewall.介词短语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.形容词化的分词Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.表语从句常见连系动词“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”.常见的有:be是,look看起来,feel摸上去,seem似乎是,appear似乎、显得,prove证明是,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来等.例如:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续.这类连系动词强调“持续”.常见的有:remain依然,keep保持,stay保持,continue继续、仍旧,stand处于某状况或情形等.例如:Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays.It'salreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.What'sthematter3.“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态.这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become变成,turn变成,grow变得,get变得等.例如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.三挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.①tired ②worried ③yellow ④interested ⑤first4.宾语:1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:IlikeChina.名词Hehatesyou.代词Howmanydoyouneed Weneedtwo.数词Ienjoyworkingwithyou.动名词Ihopetoseeyouagain.不定式Didyouwritedownwhathesaid宾语从句2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney四挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.hishomework ②English ③yourpronunciation ④newwords ⑤togoswimming5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.Weelectedhimmonitor.名词Weallthinkitapity thatshedidn’tcomehere.名词Wewillmakethemhappy.形容词Wefoundnobodyin.副词Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语Don’tlethim dothat.省to不定式Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.带to不定式Don’tkeepthelights burning.现在分词I’llhavemybike repaired.过去分词扩展:主补:对主语的补充.Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room ②totaketheboyoutofschool ③Lily ④getonthebus ⑤playingfootballontheplayground划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme6.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子.Yanlingisachemistryteacher.名词Heisourfriend.代词Webelongtothethirdworld.数词Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.形容词Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.副词Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.介词TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.现在分词Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.过去分词Ihaveanideatodoitwell.不定式YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.定语从句六挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs7.状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.以下例句按上述顺序排列Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhard sothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.七挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.①ontheface ②Everynight ③whenhewaseleven ④fast ⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm 八、同位语当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,而且两者的语法功能相同,后者就是前者的同位语.Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手.Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球----他唯一的爱好,让他结交了许多朋友.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.That’sherhabit,readinginbed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯.Yoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea.你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好. Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作.Youstillhaven’tansweredmyquestionwhyyoudidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.你还没有回答我昨天为什么没有上学.同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释.这些名词包括:fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,ques tion.这类从句常常有that引导,有时也可以用what,why,whether,when等引导.九插入语插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份.1.插入语常以副词副词短语、形容词形容词短语、介词短语、短语等形式出现.1常见的副词及短语:indeed,surely,however,obviously,frankly,naturally,luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等.九■Therebe句型拓展:Therebe+句词词组”中,there为虚词,be后面的名词词组为句子的真正主语.该句式在使用时须注意如下几点:★Therebe句式表示“有”时,它表示一种存在关系,通常带有一个地点状语,意为“什么地方时候有……”.句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词词组,此外,其主语还可以带前置或后置定语.例如:1.Thereisablackboardintheclassroom.2.Therearefiveminutestogo.3.Therearetwooldwomenwaitingforyouatthegate.★在正式文体中,该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况:1该句式中只有一个主语,主语为单数时,be动词用单数;主语若为复数,be动词也用复数.2该句式中有几个并列主语,则按就近原则处理,即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致.例如:1.Thereisroomforimprovement.2.Therearethreeapplesonthetable.3.Therewereonlytwopens,adictionaryandatextbookonthedesk.★“Therebe+主语+不定式”中,不定式可以有主动和被动两种形式,不过在口语中主动形式更为常见.例如:1.Thereisalettertotypetoday.2.Thereisnotimetolose.3.Therearemanythingstobedonenow.★Therebe句式中,be动词有各种变化形式.1be动词有时态变化,可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等.例如:1.Therearealotofpeopleinthemeeting-room.2.Therewaslittleleft.3.Therehavebeenmanysuchtrafficaccidentsinthepastfewyears.4.Whenhegotthere,hefoundtherehadbeennoonewaitingforhimintheroom.5.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.6.Thereisgoingtobeastormtomorrowmorning.2Therebe句式中,be之前可以有情态动词.例如:1.Theremaybesomepeoplewhodon’tlikethefilm.2.Thereusedtobeatempleinthevillage.句子种类一按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句.1陈述句DeclarativeSentences:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法. Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快.Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味.Ihaven’tgotacamera.我没有相机.Theyhavenevermetbefore.他们以前从没见过面.疑问句InterrogativeSentences:提出问题.有以下四种:a.一般疑问句GeneralQuestions:Canyoufinishtheworkintime你能按时完成工作吗b.特殊疑问句WQuestions;HQuestionsWheredoyoulive 你住那儿Howdoyouknowthat 你怎么知道那件事c.选择疑问句AlternativeQuestions:Doyouwantteaorcoffee你是要茶还是要咖啡d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions:Heknowsher,doesn’the他不认识她,对不对=Doesheknowheryes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.3祈使句ImperativeSentences:提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sitdown,please.请坐.Don'tbenervous别紧张4感叹句ExclamatorySentences:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:Whatgoodnewsitis多好的消息啊HowgoodthenewsisWhatbeautifulflowerstheyare多美丽的花啊HowbeautifultheflowersareHowlovelythechildis多可爱的小孩啊Whatalovelychildheiswhatacutechildheis二句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:1简单句SimpleSentences:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮.Weallstudyhard.我们都努力学习.Ilovesportsverymuch.我非常喜欢运动.Mummadeabeautifulskirtforme.妈妈为我做了一条漂亮的裙子.Weelectedhimourclasspresident.我们选了他做班长.Therearemorethan3000studentsinourschool.我们学校的学生超过3000名.2并列句CompoundSentences:由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句. Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.Let’shurry,orwewillbelate.咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到啦.Hestudiedhard,andhepassedtheexam.他努力学习并通过了考试.Hefeltnofear,forhewasverybrave.他很勇敢,毫不畏惧.Hewassick,sotheywerequiet.他病了,所以他们很安静.3复合句ComplexSentences:包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.Doyouknowthemanwhoisinthecar你认识坐在汽车里的人吗Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是实话.Iknowit’sdifficulttomasteraforeignlanguage.我知道学好一门外语不容易.Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干. TheideathatIraqcouldbetakenwithinaweekortwowasanunderestimation.伊拉克可以在一两周内就可以拿下的这一想法是估计不足的想法.Togetintouniversity=Ifyouwanttogetintouniversityyouhavetopassanumberofexams.进入大学,你必须通过一系列的考试.元音和辅音的定义:发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音.不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音.发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音.发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音.巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二,四二六前中后双元音也好背,合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括.有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握1.音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种,其上端不顶第一线,大致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中2.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下所列.3.下面几个音标是最容易写错的,一定要注意:ai和au不要写成Ai和Au,A:不要写成a:.在打字的时候,不要用a来代替A,把A:打成a:,也不要用g来代替G,把GE:l打成gE:l.4.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下页所列元音音标学习元音概述:元音是有噪音的语音.形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声.英语里共有20个元音单元音12个,双元音8个.•元音之间的差异,是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的.所谓“不同位置”,指的是舌头的高低与前后,牙床的开合程度,以及唇形的大小和圆扁.但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置:舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部,决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音;舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高,决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音.牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的,而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响.因此,描述一个元音的发音部位,主要是描述它的舌位和唇形.Lesson1元音i:i:学习i:发这个音的字母和字母组合eeaeee:mebesheheweeveningee:sweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreenea:meatleafseapeateacheatclean根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词.1.seatrainbeancat2.giftfeetteacherd3.pigstartreejeep4.sweetseafishthei发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyay•i:pigfishinfifteensixshipthin•e:beginbehindjacketbasketball•y:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunny•lovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainy•ey:monkeymoney•ay:SundaySaturdayFriday根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词.•1.sofasitkicklip•2.inkgiftjamship•3.handpicturebigsister•4.hotlickpigjelly:发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorer:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词.1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeure:pictureer:teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina根据发音规则,找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleaderLesson2音标:u:u学习发这个音的字母和字母组合oao:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlonga:watch根据发音规则,找出发:的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirlu:发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouio:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontooui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrude根据发音规则,找出不发u:的单词.1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatchu发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouo:womanwolf•oo:lookgoodbookfootwoodu:bullbullet•根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词.1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname四.写出单词或音标.•bru:m d: sit b:d•fut wi: dg ′sist •lookdowatergood•toofootclockfirst •worksisterdoctorsea•五.将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来.•hot blu:•football huk •blue ki:shook futb:l kiss ht Lesson3音标a:Λe练习a:发这个音的字母和字母组合aarauear •a:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastar:carstararmMarchgardendarkscarf au:laughauntear:heart•根据发音规则,圈出发a:的2个单词. 1.armlipdoctorcard•2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger•4.joblorryMarchparkΛ发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooouo:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusou:touchcousincountry•根据发音规则,找出每组中发Λ的单词.1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:dadcapcatbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmap根据发音规则,找出每组中发的单词.1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapplee发这个音的字母和字母组合eeae:eggbelldesklegpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfast•根据发音规则,找出每组中不发e的单词.1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy音标a:Λe练习•一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•a::Λ:•:e:____•二.选出下列没有相同发音的词.•1.cararmfoodgarden•2.truejumpbuscut•3.bagshortmapflag•4.eggpenheadsmall•5.gotclockbelldog•6.rabbitbookwoodfoot•7.ratbatappleten•8.gunstarduckmoneg•三.写出单词或音标.•pa:stru:mswetsit•f tgtcΛpsh:t•bagcarbusbreadstarhead•四.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇•1.hatfastcooklast•2.jeepdoorsungum•3.dadcaphandmap•4.starcarcutfrom•5.skirtsheepbirdher•五.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词•like_________________交通工具•hat________________动物•lake________________食品•nice_______________数字•hot_________________用品•well_______________用品Lesson4元音音标eiaiiau练习ai发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuy•i:kitebikenicetigerwriteknife•y:bycryflymyskytrywhy•ie:tiepie•uy:buy•根据发音规则,找出每组中发ai的2个单词.•1.ricegoodjamright•2.shipmineice-creammouse•3.cloudsittieeye•4.writesmalltenniskitei发这个音的字母和字母组合oioy•oi:oilboilcoin•oy:boytoy根据发音规则,找出每组中发i的2个单词.1.soilhearsoycold2.rabbitbedboynoise3.walkvoiseboilword4.teaenjoytoymilkau发这个音的字母和字母组合ouowou:housemousemouthtrousersow:flowercowhownowdown•根据发音规则,选出不发au的单词. 1.mousecloudarmclown2.teachertrouserscowmouth3.towndanceflowerhouse4.towerblousenowbaby四.把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来•bowbau•gatepai•traygeit•pietrei•poisonpizn五.看图、填空、标号•h___t→s__n→e____s__r→•r__l____→c__k___→m____thLesson5元音音标uieu的练习u发这个音的字母和字母组合ooaowo:noserosepoenoveroa:boatcoatsoapgoatow:showwindowsnowbowl根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的2个单词. 1.coatgoattreeriver2.makewindowkniferoad3.yourwhiterowcoat4.boathennoselampi发这个音的字母和字母组合eareerear:earhearteareer:deerbeer根据发音规则,圈出每组中发i的1个单词.1.bearbeerfairtail2.noodlespairnearcome3.horseneartowerair4.ringkingherethreee发这个音的字母和字母组合airearair:hairchairpairear:pearbearwear根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词.1.bearideapineappletail2.noodlespairclimbcome3.horsehousetowerair4.ringkingharethreeu发这个音的字母和字母组合oorourureoor:poorour:tourure:surepure根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的1个单词.1.cleartouristpineappletail2.noodlespairclimbfury3.beardcuretowerair4.voicekingpureengineer辅音爆破音:ptkbdg摩擦音:fvszθe破擦音:trdrtsdzt∫t3鼻辅音:mnη舌侧音:1出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音:擦音中气流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之间的音wj •3∫•hrLesson6辅音音标pbtd练习p发这个音的字母和字母组合pppp:pianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstoppp:applehappy根据发音规则,圈出没有发p的单词.1.shipphonesleeppear2.pickpenbigpineapple3.taxiparrotsheeppig4.pandaponypettruckb发这个音的字母和字母组合bbbb:bookballbirdbigboybagbananabb:rubberrabbitcabbage根据发音规则,圈出发b的2个单词.1.cabgiftbeachlove2.petgodtubbed3.weatherboybusmake4.rabbitreaddressbabyt发这个音的字母和字母组合tttt:tableteataxicatratfatticketTt:buttermatter根据发音规则,圈出没有发t的1个单词.1.taxifatbagtoy2.hatticketteaduck3.pocketpacketcatraind发这个音的字母和字母组合dedd:duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcolded:smiledopenedplayed根据发音规则,圈出没有发d的1个单词.1.bedclotheshand2.dogcoldfive3.danceduckgrape音标pbtd练习一.抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•p:b:t:d:_______二.选出下列没有相同发音的词•1.pearshipcoatpig•2.taxibeancabcabbage•3.hatseaticketwallet•4.seeddancehandfull•5.pickpensitpineapple•6.coldfinddoorchair•7.clothpurplepoolpush•8.eatfanquietset三.写出单词或音标.•p ndkΛtdi:pklaud•applepearrabbitread四.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词.•short→_____________衣物sea→_________________感官动词•pet→______________蔬菜ten→___________________动物Lesson7辅音音标kgsz学习g发这个音的字母和字母组合gggg:glassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflaggg:egg根据发音规则,圈出发g的单词.gasdrivegumgiveviolinbagjeansorangelogbridgeguesstankgradelonglanguages发这个音的字母和字母组合scssces:starsunsnakeseaseec:pencilcitycedarceilingcelebratess:grassglassclassbossce:faceracericenice根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发s的单词.1.whosejuicelickstudent2.thosecasescarfshoes3.spacenosesciencemeat4.tearspiecebusnoseLesson8辅音音标∫3t∫d3练习3发这个音的字母和字母组合ss:television,usually,Asiameasureagarage,anunusualcollision;agreatdecision;mypleasure根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词.1.shellshipgaragedesk2.truckshirtpleasureship3.brushcasualsheepsleep4.heroshapeleisureshelft∫发这个音的字母和字母组合chtchch:teacherpeachcherrychairtch:watchmatch根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t∫的单词,并抄下来. chairdumplingbeachcheesenightshemonkeyChinachurchtheseflowereggdreamsharkchickcatchLesson9音标fvθe的练习v发这个音的字母和字母组合vvev:videovasevestve:fiveloveviolin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打×violinmovevotewindowvanvolcanowhitewomanvictorywetwavevasee发这个音的字母和字母组合thth:fathermotherbrotherclothesweather根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词. 1.thansisterbrotherthree2.weatherthanknightgood3.tielookteeththey4.thinfatherthroatwatchLesson10辅音音标tsdztrdr的练习dz发这个音的字母和字母组合dsdesds:seedswoodsfriendsbirdsbedsdes:rides根据发音规则,找出发dz的5个单词写在后面的横线上. coatshandscatskitesbedswordspetskidsseatshorsesandsgatestr发这个音的字母和字母组合trtr:treetrucktrousersstrawberrytrick根据发音规则,找出没有发tr的3个单词写在后面的横线上. seatstrucktraintrashtractordrinkstreetdrugtrousersdr发这个音的字母和字母组合drdr:drawdrinkdriverdragondry根据发音规则,找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.dreamduckdressrain2.ratdraindrugdoor3.treetreasuredrawerdrink4.truckdragondishdrumLesson11辅音音标hrlm的练习r发这个音的字母和字母组合rrrwrr:riceroomrideroadroserr:mirrorcarrotparrotwr:writewrongwrap根据发音规则,选出发r的单词,打√.1.breaddriverwrongrainworker2.riverfatherrobotropesister3.writefruitrabbitcrowndruml发这个音的字母和字母组合lll•l:looklightlockluckyliontail•ll:ballpulldollartell根据发音规则,选出每组中不发l的单词.•mpnailflagwoman•2.yellowfruitlionlychee•3.grapebulllaughlake•4.dumplingmoonwheelwhaleLesson12音标nηwj的练习n发这个音的字母和字母组合nkngnn:nosenetnutbanananoodlestrainrainplanedownkn:kneeknifeknockgn:sign根据发音规则,找出发n的单词并抄下来.1.mirrorwheelyesknock2.mallhenlaughnut3.earringsplanewingbreadη发这个音的字母和字母组合nngn:inkbanktankfingerng:singhangsongkingreadingrunning根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出2个发η的单词. 1.netringfingermeat2.tennismouthsongswing3.dumplingwingrunnail4.hangswiminknotew发这个音的字母和字母组合w:winterwindowwatchwaterwellwouldwh:whitewherewhichwhenwhywheelwhale根据发音规则,选出每组中不发w音的1个单词.1.woodwritewheelwhich2.wheatsnowwetwoman3.whitewindownowwhy4.whalewaterwatchrowj发这个音的字母和字母组合yy:yo-yoyogurtyardyesyouyour根据发音规则,找出发j的单词写在下面横线上. cryyouyourskyyellowlorry moneyjellytoyboyyogurtsoy。
英语句子组成结构
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英语句子组成结构
英语句子的常见结构包括:
1. 主语 + 动词:例如 "He runs."(他跑。
)
2. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语:例如 "She eats an apple."(她吃一个苹果。
)
3. 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语:例如 "He gave me a book."(他给了我一本书。
)
4. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语:例如 "They made him their leader."(他们让他成为他们的领导。
)
5. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 地点状语:例如 "She lives in London."(她住在伦敦。
)
6. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 方式状语:例如 "He walked slowly."(他慢慢地走。
)
7. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 时间状语:例如 "We went to the beach yesterday."(我们昨天去了海滩。
)
8. 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 时间状语 + 地点状语:例如 "They met at the park last night."(他们昨晚在公园见面。
)
这些是一些常见的英语句子结构,但并不是全部,句子结构可以根据句子的含义和语境而有所变化。
英语句子成分及结构
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They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语)
The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语)
I have something to do. (不定式作定语)
这类动词叫做及物动词。
如:1. Who │knows │the answer? 2. He │admits │that he was mistaken
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人 (间接宾语); 一个指物 (直接宾语)。 eg:give / pass / bring / show Give me a cup of tea please./ Pass our English teacher the book./ Bring it to me, please. / Show this house to Mr. Smith. 1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. A:动词后加to give 给 show给……看 send寄,打电报 bring带…… read读…… pass递给…… lend借给…… leave留给…… hand交给…… tell告诉…… return把……还给… write给……写信 throw扔…… promise答应…… refuse 拒绝 B:动词后加for make生产,制造…… buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌
2 谓语
说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语必须用动词,放在主语后面, 且主谓一致。
高考英语复习学案:句子成分和句子结构专题(2020版)
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句子的种类和句子成分专题一、句子成分的概念句子是由各个组成部分构成的,这些组成的部分称之为句子的成分。
总体来说,一个完整的句子必须包含“主语+谓语”两个部分,这是一个句子的核心成分。
除此之外,句子成分还有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语、独立成分等。
例:1、The little eagle grew up. 小鹰长大了。
(主语)(谓语)2、The People’s Republic of China was born in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
(主语)(谓语)(时间状语)3、I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 我昨天在车站遇到了我最好的朋友汤姆。
主谓宾同位语状语二、句子的种类句子可大致分为:简单句、并列句、复合句三类。
1、简单句:只含有一套主谓结构的句子称为简单句,简单句只有一个谓语。
例:1)I went to Japan last year. 我去年去了日本。
2)These boys are playing basketball. 这些孩子正在打篮球。
2、并列句:含有两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成的句子,称之为并列句,这些简单句之间一般由并列连词或分号连接,且地位平等。
例:1)His brother is a doctor and his sister is a singer. 他哥哥是一名医生,他姐姐是一名歌手。
2)I hoped to study abroad, but fate had decided other wise. 我本来希望出国留学,但天意弄人难如愿。
3)Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice. 我不想和他商量,他也不会来征求我的意见。
【常见的并列连接词】and; but; or; yet; for; so; and so; while; whereas; as well as; rather than; not only…but also; either….or; neither….nor3、复合句:也称为主从复合句,指由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构
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句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构一、句子成分。
(一)主语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 主语是句子陈述的对象,表示句子所说的是“谁”或者“什么”。
它是句子的核心成分之一,决定了句子描述的主体。
例如在句子“Tom likes reading.”中,“Tom”就是主语,这个句子主要是在描述Tom的喜好。
2. 构成。
- 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词或从句等充当。
- 名词作主语很常见,如“Dogs are friendly animals.”中的“Dogs”。
- 代词作主语,例如“He is my friend.”中的“He”。
- 数词作主语,像“Three is a lucky number in some cultures.”中的“Three”。
- 动名词作主语,如“Running is good for health.”中的“Running”。
- 不定式作主语,“To learn English well takes time.”中的“To learn English well”。
- 名词化的形容词作主语,“The rich should help the poor.”中的“The rich”。
- 从句作主语,“What he said is very important.”中的“What he said”。
(二)谓语。
1. 定义与作用。
- 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
在句子中,谓语动词的形式要与主语的人称和数保持一致。
例如在“Mary sings beautifully.”中,“sings”就是谓语,它描述了Mary的动作。
2. 构成。
- 谓语一般由动词充当,包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。
- 实义动词可以独立作谓语,表示具体的动作,如“eat”“drink”“run”等。
例如“He eats an apple.”中的“eats”。
高考英语句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)(2024版)
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go swimming, how about you?
(四)表语
• 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份, 与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
• We are Chinese. (名词) • I’m not quite myself today. (代词) • Who was the first? (数词) • The war was over. (副词) • He is out of condition. (介词短词) • They seem to know the truth. (动词不定式) • His hobby is playing computer games.(动名词短语) • That is what he told me yesterday. (从词)
• ② There is an old man coming here.
(名词)
• ③To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(不定式)
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
• 谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。 • ①简单谓语 • The sun rises in the east. • He looked after two orphans. • ②复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; • He can speak English very well. • The work must be done before three o’clock.
• Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词)Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。
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一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语得句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语与补语。
(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”、“同位语”与“独立成分”得说法。
但表语与系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语与宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语得一部分。
独立成分与句子得其她成分没有语法上得联系,能用作独立成分得有:感叹词、呼语与插入语。
1、主语:主语就是一个句子所叙述得主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性得词来充当。
可以作主语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化得形容词(如the rich)⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。
例如:Tom is a clever boy、(专有名词人名作主语)画出句子得主语,并说明其构成方式:①During the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular、②We often speak English in class、③One-third of the students in this class are girls、④To swim in the river is a great pleasure、⑤Smoking does harm to the health、⑥The rich should help the poor、⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided、⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language、⑨That he isn’t at home is not true、正确运用主语得各种形式2、谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做得动作或具有得特征与状态,一般放在主语之后。
谓语得构成如下:(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如:He practises running every morning、(动词practise作谓语)We usually listen to the music on weekends、(动词短语listen to作谓语)(2)复合谓语:①由情态动词或其她助动词加动词原形构成。
例如:You may keep the book for two weeks、He has caught a bad cold、②由系动词加表语构成。
系动词不能单独作谓语,要与表语一起作谓语。
例如:We are students、Your idea sounds great、画出句子得谓语,并说明其构成方式:①My sister is crying over there、②I have been waiting for you all the time、③I would stay at home all day、正确运用主语得各种形式3、表语:表语多就是形容词,用以说明主语得身份、特征与状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, keep, stay,remain, seem, appear, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, bee, get, grow, go, turn, prove等)之后。
可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦介词短语⑧副词⑨表语从句等表示。
例如:She is very beautiful、(形容词作表语)画出句子得表语,并说明其构成方式:①Our teacher of English is an American、②Is it yours?③The weather has turned cold、④The speech is exciting、⑤Three times seven is twenty one、⑥His job is to teach English、⑦His hobby is playing football、⑧The machine must be under repair、⑨The truth is that he has never been abroad、正确运用主语得各种形式4、宾语:宾语由名词性得词充当,表示动作得对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词与介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语与介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构与介宾结构。
可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化得分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦宾语从句等表示。
例如:They went to see an exhibition yesterday、(名词作动宾)画出句子得表语,并说明其构成方式:①They planted many trees yesterday、②-- How many dictionaries do you have? --I have five、③They helped the old with their housework yesterday、④I wanted to buy a car、⑤He pretended not to see me、⑥I enjoy listening to popular music、⑦I think(that)he is fit for his office、正确运用主语得各种形式5.补语:(1)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子得意义完整。
宾语补足语与宾语构成逻辑上得主谓关系,换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补得主语。
带有宾语补足语得一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语与从句充当。
可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②形容词③可作表语得副词④不定式⑥分词⑦介词短语⑧从句等表示。
例如:Disney called it Mickey Mouse、(专有名词作宾补)画出句子得表语,并说明其构成方式:①His father named him Dongming、②They painted their boat white、③Let the fresh air in、④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you、⑤We saw her entering the room、⑥We found everything in the lab in good order、⑦We will soon make our city what your city is now、⑧I want your homework done on time、正确运用主语得各种形式(2)主语补足语:对主语得补充。
含有宾语补足语得句子在变成被动语态,宾语作主语时,原来得宾补就成了主语补足语。
例如:He was elected monitor、She was found singing in the next room、He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson、6、定语:定语就是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用得词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……得”表示。
定语通常位于被修饰得成分前。
可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①形容词②名词③代词④数词⑤副词⑥不定式⑦动名词⑧分词⑨介词短语⑩从句。
例如:Guilin is a beautiful city、(形容词作定语)在英语中,许多情况下,定语就是放在所修饰词后面得,这点与汉语习惯不同,也就是许多同学不能读懂长句得主要原因。
例如:①形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前,而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
例如:The next man is a scientist、(下一个) The man next to me is a scientist、(我旁边得那个人)②副词用作定语一般要后置。
例如:People there are very friendly、(那儿得人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs、(楼下得那个人)③介词短语作定语时要后置。
例如:The boy under the tree is Tom、(树下得那个男孩)⑱The teaching plan for next term has been worked out、⑲China is a developing country; America is a developed country、⑳He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man、正确运用主语得各种形式7、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征得句子成分,叫作状语。
例如:He writes carefully、He walks slowly、(认真地写,慢慢地走,修饰动词用副词,作状语)This material is environmentally friendly、(修饰形容词用副词,作状语)He runs very slowly、(修饰副词slowly, 因此very就是副词,作状语)Unfortunately, he lost all of his money、(修饰整个句子用副词,作状语)*一个句中有几个并列状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般就是:方式→地点→时间。
如:He worked hard at his lessons last year、I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning、He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment、*频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中得位置:位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。
You can never tell what he will do、He is often late、He is always helping others、He often came late、*语按意义分类:在句子成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认,如果这几个成分都不就是,那很可能就就是状语了。
因此,状语得种类很多,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目得、结果、程度、条件、方式与让步等。