动词不定式的精讲与专项练习
冀教版八年级英语语法动词不定式精讲精练
冀教版八年级英语语法动词不定式精讲精练1概念引入（1）动词不定式作表语To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。
（2）动词不定式作主语It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。
（3）不定式作宾语Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。
（4）不定式作宾补Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records.逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。
（5）不定式作定语There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说，该做的时候做。
（6）不定式作目的状语To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译)肯定式：to + 动词原形否定式：not to + 动词原形1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
（1）动词不定式作主语。
例如：To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
(经典)动词不定式的精讲与专项练习
动词不定式（The Infinitive）二、不定式的主要用法动词不等式具有名词、形容词及副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语（或主语）补足语、表语、定语、及状语等。
1、不定式作主语①不等式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
To conquer English is not easy. 征服英语不容易。
To make plan firs t is a good idea. 先制定计划是个好主意。
To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆通，无一精通。
②不等式作主语时，常常用形式主语it替代，而将真正的主语不等式放在句子的后面。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很有必要。
It’s a great pleasure to see you again.再次见到你真高兴。
It is a bad manner to stare at a foreign guest.盯着外宾看是一种不良的举动。
③如果说明不等式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不等式的前面加一个for引起的短语，这就是常见的“It is adj./n. for sb. to do sth.”句式。
如：It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friends when they are talking.对阿拉伯人来说，交谈时站得离朋友近些是好的礼貌。
It is a great honor for us to be presented at the party.我们能来参加晚会，深感荣幸。
It will be a regret for us not to help him. 我们没有帮助他是个遗憾。
④在某些形容词（如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等）作表语时，不等式前常加一个以of引起的短语，来说明不等式指的是谁的情况。
动词不定式详细讲解+练习
非谓语动词（一）动词不定式一、动词不定式定义（To infinitive）动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，是动词的一种非谓语的形式，即其在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有下列属性：（1）动词不定式具有动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以有时态和语态的变化；（2）动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
二、动词不定式（短语）的句法功能1. 作主语To say is one thing and to do is another.To know oneself is difficult.但在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些。
It is important to learn English.It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.Activity 2: Fill in the blanks.1) __________ (see) is to believe.2) It’s difficult ________ (find) a best friend.=_____________________________________.2. 作表语不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容（目的，愿望，要求），主语通常是aim,duty,hope,idea,purpose, intention,wish等。
His wish is to become an engineer.To live is to do something worthwhile.Activity 3: Fill in the blanks.3) My wish is_________ (be) a singer.4) Your task is _________(clean) the room.3. 作宾语(1)作动词的宾语。
广东中考英语专项--动词不定式语法讲解及练习(含答案)
广州中考英语专项-动词不定式不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。
1) 不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】To complete a building like that in one year was quite adifficult task.当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】It is important for modern young people to master at leasttwo foreign languages.It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：a)It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient,unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式【例如】It is essential to reserve a table in advance of ChristmasEve.It is hard to put my hopes into words.It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.b)It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's duty, anhonor, a shame,a crime, no easy job...)＋不定式It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.It is a pity to have to go without her.It is a glorious death to die for the people.c)It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time,patience...)＋不定式It takes me three hours to learn English each day.It took them half the night to get home in the snow.2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
高中英语语法讲义：动词不定式考点详析与练习
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，可以在句子中充当除谓语之外的任何成分。动词 不定式具有动词的性质，可以带宾语和状语，且有完成式、完成进行式、进行式、被动式 和否定形式等变化。
考点详析 一、 不定式的基本形式 由“to + 动词原形”构成;其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”，若加强语气可用“never to + 动词原形”。 She promised never to tell a lie again. 她承诺再也不撒谎了。 二、 不定式的时态和语态 不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（下面以 do 为例）： 1. 不定式的时态 （1） 不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后發生时，不定式用 一般式。 They planned to employ some skilled workers. 他们打算雇几个有技术的工人。 （2） 不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，并强调动作正在进行或一直在持续， 不定式用进行式。 He pretended to be reading when I came in. 当我进来的时候，他假装在看书。 （3） 不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式。 The disabled man is said to have translated several novels into French. 据说这个残 疾人已将几本小说翻译成法语。 （4） 如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻，不定式 用完成进行式，此时，强调动作的持续性，不强调结果。 She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours. 好像她已经看了 3 个小时 的小说了。 2. 不定式的语态
(完整版)高中英语语法复习讲义+训练：动词不定式(含答案),推荐文档
高中英语语法复习讲义——动词不定式一.相关知识点精讲:1.不定式作补语1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如：例如;Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want 等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。
现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。
例如：例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。
(to be 不能省去)典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be 以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing 的结构，排除A、B、D。
consider 用动词be 以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。
3)有些动词可以跟there +to be 的结构。
例如：believe expect intend like loveprefer want wish understand mean例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
动词不定式精讲精练
动词不定式精讲精练不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。
1.不定式短语不定式+宾语词组げ褂锎首楠じ贝蚀首=不定式短语下列均为不定式短语：to pretend not to see me(假装没有看见我)to become a teacher(当老师)to study hard(努力读书)2.不定式逻辑上的主语1)、不表明其为不定式逻辑上的主语的情况：(1)主要动词的主语即不定式逻辑上的主语时。
I want to go hunting with you.(我想和你一块儿去打猎)→I是主要动词want的主语，也是不定式to go逻辑上的主语。
I asked to speak to the manager.(我要求与经理谈话)→I 是主要动词asked的主语，也是不定式to speak逻辑上的主语。
(2)主要动词的宾语即不定式逻辑上的主语时。
I will get someone to carry your baggage.(我将叫人搬运你的行李)→主要动词的宾语someone，做不定式to carry逻辑上的主语。
The doctor advised me not to drink too much.(医生劝我不要喝太多酒)→主要动词的宾语me，做不定式to drink逻辑上的主语。
(3)由句子前后关系可知不定式之逻辑上的主语时。
I found that to talk with him was a waste of time.(我发现和他说话是浪费时间)→由句子前后的关系可知I是不定式to talk逻辑上的主语。
He found that to leave the house unobserved was easy.他发觉让房子空着，没有人看守是容易的→由句子前后的关系可知He是不定式to leave逻辑上的主语。
动词不定式(专项练习)(解析版)
动词不定式(专项练习)(解析版)动词不定式(专项练习)(解析版)动词不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它对于理解句子结构和语法的正确使用起着关键作用。
本文将为您提供一些动词不定式的专项练习，通过对这些练习的解析，帮助您更好地掌握动词不定式的使用方法。
一、填空练习1. Peter asked me ________ him the book.答案：to lend解析：这是一个带有宾语的动词不定式结构。
动词ask后接不定式to lend，表示被询问的动作。
2. I enjoy ________ to music in my spare time.答案：listening解析：enjoy后接动词的-ing形式构成动词不定式结构，表示喜欢做某事。
3. My brother promised ________ me with my homework.答案：to help解析：promise后接不定式to help，表示允诺要做某事。
4. He needs ________ a new laptop for his work.答案：to buy解析：need后接不定式to buy，表示需要做某事。
5. We decided ________ the party at the park.答案：to have解析：decide后接不定式to have，表示决定要做某事。
二、句型转换1. He wants to become a doctor in the future.改为否定句：He doesn't want to become a doctor in the future.解析：使用情态动词do的否定形式来构成否定句。
2. She can speak three languages fluently.改为一般疑问句：Can she speak three languages fluently?解析：将助动词can提到句首构成一般疑问句。
初中动词不定式专题讲解及练习(全面)
语法：动词不定式动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的转变，在句子中不能作谓语，但能够作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成份（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具出名词、形容词和副词的特点，同时还维持动词的某些特点，既能够有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语组成不定式短语。
一、组成：to do .否定式not to do二、常见时态：一样时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done完成进行式to have been doing三、动词不定式在句子中的成份一、作句子的主语：现实中常用it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。
比较以下句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends .To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White.To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school.句型总结It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\are +adj. +todo…在以某些表示人的品质、特点等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引发的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情形（能够明白得为某人的好，坏，伶俐，愚蠢，对，错等等）。
专题04 期末必考核心语法三：动词不定式精讲练100道-2023-2024学年八年级上学期期末考点大
专题04期末必考核心语法三：动词不定式精讲练100道考试时间：50分钟；满分：120分学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________动词不定式作目的状语1．动词不定式作目的状语主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。
为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在动词前面加in order to或so as to，意为“为了，目的是”。
如：He stopped t o ask the way．他停下来问路。
2．动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。
如：I wrote it down in order not to forget．为了不忘记，我把它写了下来。
3．由in order to引导的目的状语，既可以置于句首，也可以置于句尾，而由so as to引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，不能置于句首。
如：We do afterschool activities every day in order to keep healthy.=In order to keep healthy we do afterschool activities every day.4．动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语当不定式有自己的主语时，要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式前加for+名词或代词宾格)作状语。
如：He opened the door for the children to e in．为了让孩子们进来，他打开了门。
动词不定式作宾语补足语我们可以用动词不定式来说明宾语的情况，此时动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
动词不定式作宾语补足语，有带to和不带to两种形式。
分类常用动词带to tell，ask，want，would like，order，invite，get，allow，wish，encourage，advise，need，like，love, hate，teach等The teacher told us to e earlier tomorrow.Her parents wish her to be a teacher.My teacher told us to wear school uniforms．考点精讲Please ask them not to make noise ．不带to 一感（feel）二听(hear，listen to)三让（let, have,make）四看(see, watch, notice, look at)Let the boy go out now.That boy made the baby cry.My mother often listens to me play the piano.,[ 易错考点]①动词help后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可以带to也可以不带to。
动词不定式精讲精练
动词不定式精讲精练一不定式1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生.He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。
2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生.I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.He is well known to have invented the steam engine.二不定式的逻辑主语1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中.2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语.3 不定式前"for+名词/代词"结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语.4 在"It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do"结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等.例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference.三不定式的否定式不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成四不定式的句法功能1 不定式做主语1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another.2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together.注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语.2 不定式作表语3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days.4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "Dingo".5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle.注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后.3 不定式作宾语6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition.注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand.7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等动词之后.big and strong.4 不定式作宾语补足语8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once.注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow。
初中英语动词不定式详细讲解+练习
动词不定式(to do)语法讲解动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成 (有时可以不带to)，其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”。
它属于一种非谓语动词的形式,在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但它可以保留动词的性质,其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语）。
动词不定式（短语）的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。
一、作主语（1）动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数，例如：To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。
把以上两句变为it作形式主语的句子：（2）如果动词不定式太长，常常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置，例如：To learn English well is important. 对我们来说,学好英语是重要的。
It’s important for us to learn English well．It took me half an hour to walk there．我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
it不作形式主语：___________________________________________________________ 二、作宾语（1）能够接动词不定式作宾语的有ask, agree, beg, decide, determine，fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及would like/love 等动词，但finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词（doing）作宾语，例如：I hope to visit this place again.我希望能再度访问此地。
动词不定式专项讲解及训练(有答案)
动词不定式专项训练A. to solveB. to be solveC. being solvedD. solvingA. for her to returnB. that she must returnC. her returningD. of him to returnA. costs... to getB. costs... gettingC. takes... to getD. takes... gettingA. to explainB. to have been explainedC. to be explainedD. to be explainingA. to learnB. to be learningC. to have learnedD. to have been learningKeys: 1-5 A A C C C专项练习1.The flu is believed_______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have been caused2.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions needA. that. .. to be improvedB. which ... to be improvedC. where. . . to be improvingD. when.. . improving3.Remember_________the magazine when you have finished reading it.A. putting backB. having put backC. to put backD. will put back4.—I'm sorry I forgot________ your dictionary.—Let's use Li Hua's.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringingA. to do whatB. what to doC. doing whatD. what doingA. writing... phoningB. to write. . . to phoneC. writing... to phoneD. to write. . . phoning7.Tom is always forgetting things he has done. Yesterday, he forgot and looked for it eve-rywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to having posted the letterD. having posted the letterA. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not9.My brother regretted _______ a lecture given by Prof. Wang.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. being missing10.I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing11.He felt tired with typing the lecture. So he stopped_______ a short break.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. to taking12.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies arestriving their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having madeA. to sit... weptB. to sit. .. weepingC. sit... weptD. sat. . . weeping14.—You have come just in time tohelp us.—Fine. What needs________________________?A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do15.That evening, he set about_________ t he report_______ the next morning.A. write... to hand inB. to write.. . handing inC. written... to hand inD. writing... to be handed in16.There seemed nothing ________ to do but ________ f or the doctor.A. leave... sendB. left... to sendC. left... sendD. leaving... send17.Do you think it difficult________ a dolphin ________ ?A. to train... jumpingB. training... for jumpingC. to train... jumpD. to train... to jump18.I prefer _______ rather than_______ .A. to do some reading... watching TVB. doing some reading... watching TVC. to do some reading... watch TVD. doing some reading... to watch TV19.The two boys pretended _________ v ery hard, though they did nothing.A. studyB. studyingC. to be studiedD. to be studying Keys: 1-5 CACCB6-10 CDBAC 11-15 BAB CD 16-19CDCD专项练习1.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issueB. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to beissuedA. practise to singB. practise singingC. to practise to singD. to practise singing3.—What can we do to help Li Ming?A. making him to realizeB. making him realizeC. to make him realizeD. to make him to realizeA. disappearB. to disappearC. disappearingD. disappearedA. to writeB. writtenC. writeD. writingA. madeB. to makeC. makingD. to be makingA. saysB. sayingC. sayD. saidA. give upB. giving upC. to give upD. to giving upA. to commentB. commentC. to commentingD. being commentedA. reciteB. recitedC. recitingD. to reciteA. repeat the question againB. repeating the questionC. to repeating the questionD. to repeat the questionA. to be destroyedB. to have been destroyedC. to be destroyingD. to have been destroyingA. to go alongB. going alongC. went alongD. will goalongA. to get it to startB. get it startD. getting it startedC. to get it startedA. to sweepB. to be sweptC. should sweepD. being swept Keys:1-5 ADC AC6-10 CCCBA 11-15 DBACB1.—I'd like to buy a car made in Shanghai.—Okay, Sir. You have several models ________ .A. to chooseB. to be chosen fromC. to choose fromD. for choosing2.It's time________ rice.A. for transplantB. of transplantingC. to transplantD. to transplanting3.It is a very difficult problem. I need a few days_________ .A. of thinking over itB. to think it overC. of thinking it overD. to think over it4.People need homes _______ and food ________ .A. to live... to eatB. to live in... to eatC. live. . . to eatD. to live in... to eat for5.Columbus was the first _________ t he New Continent.A. to have discoveredB. to discoverC. discoveringD. having discovered Keys:1-5 CCBBB专项练习A. for the family to liveB. for the family to live inC. that the family can't live inD. that the family can't liveA. so everyone to understandB. for every one understoodC. for everyone to understandD. for understandingA. to get along withB. to get alongC. to be got along withD. to getting along withA. for us in followingB. for us to be followedC. to be followedD. for us to followA. to drink itB. to be drunkC. to drinkD. to be drinkingA. to seeB. for to seeC. for seeingD. seeing7. _______ , I don't want to argue with them about the matter.A. To tell you the truthB. Telling the truthC. Having told you the truthD. Out of the truthA. to not frightenB. so as not to frightenC. in order to not frightenD. for not frighteningA. showing me the wayB. as to show me the wayC. to show me the wayD. so you can show me the wayA. to leaveB. that he leavesC. as to leaveD. leavingKeys:1-5 BCADC6-10 AABCC专项练习vi. 不定式的时态与语态意义1. 不定式的时态意义1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。
动词不定式 讲解、专项练习及答案
初中英语语法（动词不定式）1．不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。
助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2．不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。
如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago．2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review．2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。
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动词不定式（The Infinitive）一、概述不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。
它有两种形式：（1）带to的不定式；（2）不带to的不定式（即通常所说的动词原形），它可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语。
不定式既有动词性质，又有名词性质。
1）不等式具有动词性质，即它有时态和语态的变化；可有自己的宾语或状语并构成不等式短语。
如：Would you like to tell me an interesting story? 你可不可以给我讲一个有趣的故事？（不等式to tell有自己的宾语me和story）He was too clever a man to be fooled.他这个人很机灵，不会被愚弄的。
（不等式的被动语态）I’m going to go there by bike. 我想骑自行车去那儿。
（不定式有状语there）They will set up more primary schools in the countryside. 他们将在乡村修建更多的小学。
（不带to的不等式与助动词will一起构成谓语）但是，不等式没有人称和数的变化，即不受人称和单数、复数的限定或影响。
She likes to play the accordion. 她喜欢弹奏手风琴。
She liked to play the accordion when she was young. 她很小就喜欢弹奏手风琴。
2）不等式具有名词性质，即它在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。
如：To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
（作主语）This suit doesn’t seem to fit me.这件衣服似乎不适合我穿。
（作表语）She wanted to see which shops offered the best service. 她想看看哪家商店提供最好的服务。
（作宾语）There’s no need to be worried. 不需要担心。
（作定语）He went there to see what would happen.他去那儿是想看看会出什么事。
（作状语）3）不等式虽然在语法上不能有主语，但它表示的动作，在意思上是可以有自己的主语，在语法上这个主语称为不等式的逻辑主语。
这个逻辑主语可能是整个句子的主语、宾语等，也可以用一个由for引起的短语表示。
如：His friends tried to encourage him. 他的朋友设法鼓励他。
（不等式的逻辑主语His friends同时也是句子的主语）Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking cigarettes.每年烟草公司要设法使一些比吸烟的人开始吸烟。
（不等式的逻辑主语new people是句子的宾语）It’s very difficult for a foreigner to learn Chines e. 外国人学汉语是很不容易的。
（不等式的逻辑主语由for引起的短语表示）另外，不等式的否定形式一般在它的前面直接加not或never。
The teacher has told me many times not to come late again.老师多次告诉我不要再来晚了。
She seems not to have a bright time with her new friends.和新朋友在一起她似乎过得不是太好。
二、不定式的主要用法动词不等式具有名词、形容词及副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语（或主语）补足语、表语、定语、及状语等。
1、不定式作主语①不等式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
To conquer English is not easy. 征服英语不容易。
To make plan firs t is a good idea. 先制定计划是个好主意。
To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆通，无一精通。
②不等式作主语时，常常用形式主语it替代，而将真正的主语不等式放在句子的后面。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很有必要。
It’s a great pleasure to see you again.再次见到你真高兴。
It is a bad manner to stare at a foreign guest.盯着外宾看是一种不良的举动。
③如果说明不等式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不等式的前面加一个for引起的短语，这就是常见的“It is adj./n. for sb. to do sth.”句式。
如：It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friends when they are talking.对阿拉伯人来说，交谈时站得离朋友近些是好的礼貌。
It is a great honor for us to be presented at the party.我们能来参加晚会，深感荣幸。
It will be a regret for us not to help him. 我们没有帮助他是个遗憾。
④在某些形容词（如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等）作表语时，不等式前常加一个以of引起的短语，来说明不等式指的是谁的情况。
这就是常见的“It is adj. of sb to do sth.”句式。
如：It’s very kind of you to think so much of us. 谢谢你替我们考虑这么多。
It is unwise of them to do like that. 他们那样做是不明智的。
It’s impolite of you to gossip about others.你们说别人的闲话是不礼貌的。
It’s careless of them to ignore this important point.他们忽视了重点，只是粗心。
2、不定式作宾语①英语中能以不等式作宾语的动词很多。
常见的有：like, want, wish, hate, prefer, hope, manage, try, offer, start, ask, forget, promise, pretend, intend, begin, attempt, decide, desire, agree, learn, choose, expect等等。
如：Don’t forget to bring your dictionary.不要忘记把你的字典带来。
He can’t afford to buy a car.他买不起小汽车。
I need to fetch a tape from a friend. 我需要去一个朋友处取一盒磁带回来。
We’ve decided to put on a short play next week. 我们决定下一周演一个小话剧。
Once you start to smoke, you cannot easily give it up. 一旦你抽上了烟，你就不容易戒掉。
I really like to watch football matches. 我非常喜欢看足球比赛。
How I wish to see my old friends again. 我多么想再见到我的老朋友啊！②当不等式作直接宾语，而后面还有宾语补足语时，通常把不等式放在补足语后面，而用形式宾语it来替代它。
如：I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.我发现在限定的时间内回答所有的问题是不可能的。
She thought it unnecessary to argue with him about it.她觉得没有必要和他辩论这问题。
He made it a rule only to speak English in class. 他规定课上只能说英语。
I find it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. 我觉得有必要谈谈我们的缺点。
She feels it hardly to help others. 她认为帮助别人是她的责任。
③英语中介词后面通常要用动词的动名词形式。
但是下面的这些短语中的介词却例外：be about to +不等式，do nothing but, cannot help choose but, nothing except, nothing else than，cannot but 等。
如：He is about to go aboard to study. 他将出国学习去了。
The patient can not but follow the doctor’s instructions, though he doesn’t think it necessary.病人只得遵照医生的嘱咐，尽管他们认为没有必要。
These children did nothing except play all day long. 这些孩子除了整天玩外，什么都没做。
He did nothing else than laugh. 他只是笑。
He does everything except go to school. 他怎么也不上学。
I had no choice but to give up this chance to go aboard. 我没有办法只好放弃了此次出国的机会。
I have got nothing to do but depend on myself. 我没有办法只好依靠自己。
★ [注意] but、except用作介词（除……之外）接不等式，如前面有do/does/did时，不等式不带to，否则要带to。
再如：The lady can do nothing but give in. = The lady has no choice but to give in.3、不定式作宾语补足语在很多句子中，不定式用作宾语（名词或代词）的补足语，从而构成复合结构，即复合宾语。