GRE考试真题中文版
GRE国内阅读理解真题
1994年10月SECTION AThe Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1868, prohibits state governments from denying citizens the “equal protection of the laws.”Although precisely what the framers of the amendment meant by this equal protection clause remains unclear, all interpreters agree that the framers’ immediate objective was to provide a constitutional warrant for the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which guaranteed the citizenship of all persons born in the United States and subject to United States jurisdiction. This declaration, which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Court’s ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States could be denied citizenship. The act was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, who argued that the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, did not provide Congress with the authority to extend citizenship and equal protection to the freed slaves. Although Congress promptly overrode Johnson’s veto, supporters of the act sought to ensure its constitutional foundations with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that its framers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundry list of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizenship that forbids organized society from treating any individual as a member of an inferior class. Yet for the first eight decades of the amendment’s existence, the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the amendment betrayed this ideal of equality. In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, for example, the Court invented the “state action” limitation, which asserts that “private” decisions by owners of public accommodations and other commercial businesses to segregate their facilities are insulated from the reach of the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection under the law.After the Second World War, a judicial climate more hospitable to equal protection claims culminated in the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that racially segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Two doctrines embraced by the Supreme Court during this period extended the amendment’s reach. First, the Court required especially strict scrutiny of legislation that employed a “suspect classification,” meaning discrimination against a group on grounds that could be construed as racial. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other, nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts. Second, the Court relaxed the state action limitation on the Fourteenth Amendment, bringing new forms of private conduct within the amendment’s reach.17. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?(A) By presenting a list of specific rights, framers of the Fourteenth Amendmentwere attempting to provide a constitutional basis for broad judicial protection ofthe principle of equal citizenship.(B) Only after the Supreme Court adopted the suspect classification approach toreviewing potentially discriminatory legislation was the applicability of theFourteenth Amendment extended to include sexual discrimination.(C) Not until after the Second World War did the Supreme Court begin to interpretthe Fourteenth Amendment in a manner consistent with the principle of equalcitizenship that it expresses.(D) Interpreters of the Fourteenth Amendment have yet to reach consensus withregard to what its framers meant by the equal protection clause.(E) Although the reluctance of judges to extend the reach of the FourteenthAmendment to nonracial discrimination has betrayed the principle of equalcitizenship, the Supreme Court’s use of the state action limitation to insulateprivate activity from the amendment’s reach has been more harmful.18. The passage suggests that the principal effect of the state action limitation was to(A) allow some discriminatory practices to continue unimpeded by the FourteenthAmendment(B) influence the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v, Board of Education(C) provide expanded guidelines describing prohibited actions(D) prohibit states from enacting laws that violated the intent of the Civil Rights Actof 1866(E) shift to state governments the responsibility for enforcement of laws prohibitingdiscriminatory practices19. The author’s position regarding the intent of the framers of the FourteenthAmendment would be most seriously undermined if which of the following were true?(A) The framers had anticipated state action limitations as they are described in thepassage.(B) The framers had merely sought to prevent discriminatory acts by federalofficials.(C) The framers were concerned that the Civil Rights Act of 1866 would beoverturned by the Supreme Court.(D) The framers were aware that the phrase “equal protection of the laws” hadbroad implications.(E) The framers believed that racial as well as non-racial forms of discriminationwere unacceptable.20. According to the passage, the original proponents of the Fourteenth Amendmentwere primarily concerned with(A) detailing the rights afforded by the principle of equal citizenship(B) providing support in the Constitution for equal protection for all citizens of theUnited States(C) closing a loophole that could be used to deny individuals the right to sue forenforcement of their civil rights(D) asserting that the civil rights protected by the Constitution included nonracialdiscrimination as well as racial discrimination(E) granting state governments broader discretion in interpreting the Civil RightsAct of 186621. The author implies that the Fourteenth Amendment might not have been enacted if(A) Congress’ authority with regard to legislating civil rights had not beenchallenged(B) the framers had anticipated the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board ofEducation(C) the framers had believed that it would be used in deciding cases ofdiscrimination involving non-racial groups(D) most state governments had been willing to protect citizens’ civil rights(E) its essential elements had not been implicit in the Thirteenth Amendment22. According to the passage, which of the following most accurately indicates thesequence of the events listed below?I. Civil Rights Act of 1866II. Dred Scott v. SandfordIII. Fourteenth AmendmentIV. Veto by President Johnson(A) I, II, III, IV(B) I, IV, II, III(C) I, IV, III, II(D) II, I, IV, III(E) III, II, I, IV23. Which of the following can be inferred about the second of the two doctrines referredto in lines 39-41 of the passage?(A) It caused some justices to rule that all types of discrimination are prohibited bythe Constitution.(B) It shifted the focus of the Supreme Court from racial to nonracial discrimination.(C) It narrowed the concern of the Supreme Court to legislation that employed asuspect classification.(D) It caused legislators who were writing new legislation to reject language thatcould be construed as permitting racial discrimination.(E) It made it more difficult for commercial businesses to practice racialdiscrimination.The Earth’s magnetic field is generated as the molten iron of the Earth’s outer core revolves around its solid inner core. When surges in the molten iron occur, magnetic tempests are created. At the Earth’s surface, these tempests can be detected by changes in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field. For reasons not fully understood, the field itself reverses periodically every million years or so. During the past million years, for instance, the magnetic north pole has migrated between the Antarctic and the Arctic.Clearly, geophysicists who seek to explain and forecast changes in the field must understand what happens in the outer core. Unlike meteorologists, however, they cannot rely on observations made in their own lifetimes. Whereas atmospheric storms arise in a matter of hours and last for days, magnetic tempests develop over decades and persist for centuries. Fortunately scientists have been recording changes in the Earth’s magnetic field for more than 300 years.24. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with(A) analyzing a complicated scientific phenomenon and its impact on the Earth’ssurface features(B) describing a natural phenomenon and the challenges its study presents toresearchers(C) discussing a scientific field of research and the gaps in researchers’methodological approaches to it(D) comparing two distinct fields of physical science and the different researchmethods employed in each(E) proposing an explanation for a geophysical phenomenon and an experiment thatcould help confirm that explanation25. The passage suggests which of the following about surges in the Earth’s outer core?(A) They occur cyclically every few decades.(B) They can be predicted by changes in the Earth’s inner core.(C) They are detected through indirect means.(D) They are linked to disturbances in the Earth’s atmosphere.(E) They last for periods of about 1 million years.26. It can be inferred from the passage that geophysicists seeking to explain magnetictempests ought to conduct research on the Earth’s outer core because the Earth’souter core(A) is more fully understood than the Earth’s magnetic field(B) is more easily observed than the Earth’s magnetic field(C) has been the subject of extensive scientific observation for 300 years(D) is involved in generating the Earth’s magnetic field(E) reflects changes in the inner core caused by magnetic tempests27. In the second paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with(A) stating a limitation that helps determine a research methodology(B) making a comparative analysis of two different research methodologies(C) assessing the amount of empirical data in the field of physical science(D) suggesting an optimistic way of viewing a widely feared phenomenon(E) describing a fundamental issue and discussing its future impact on societySECTION BThe defoliation of millions of acres of trees by massive infestations of gypsy moth caterpillars is a recurring phenomenon in the northeastern United States. In studying these outbreaks, scientists have discovered that affected trees fight back by releasing toxic chemicals, mainly phenols, into their foliage. These noxious substances limit caterpillars’growth and reduce the number of eggs that female moths lay. Phenols also make the eggs smaller, which reduces the growth of the following year’s caterpillars. Because the number of eggs a female moth produces is directly related to her size, and because her size is determined entirely by her feeding success as a caterpillar, the trees’ defensive mechanism has an impact on moth fecundity.The gypsy moth is also subject to attack by the nucleopolyhedrosis virus, or wilt disease, a particularly important killer of the caterpillars in outbreak years. Caterpillars contract wilt disease when they eat a leaf to which the virus, encased in a protein globule, has become attached. Once ingested by a caterpillar, the protein globule dissolves, releasing thousands of viruses, or virions, that after about two weeks multiply enough to fill the entire body cavity. When the caterpillar dies, the virions are released to the outside, encased in a new protein globule synthesized from the caterpillar’s tissues and ready to be picked up by other caterpillars.Knowing that phenols, including tannins, often act by associating with and altering the activity of proteins, researchers focused on the effects on caterpillars of ingesting the virus and leaves together. They found that on tannin-rich oak leaves, the virus is considerably less effective at killing caterpillars than when it is on aspen leaves, which are lower in phenols. In general, the more concentrated the phenols in tree leaves, the less deadly the virus. Thus, while highly concentrated phenols in tree leaves reduce the caterpillar population by limiting the size of caterpillars and, consequently, the size of the female’s egg cluster, these same chemicals also help caterpillars survive by disabling the wilt virus. Forest stands of red oaks, with their tannin-rich foliage, may even provide caterpillars with safe havens from disease. In stands dominated by trees such as aspen, however, incipient gypsy moth outbreaks are quickly suppressed by viral epidemics.Further research has shown that caterpillars become virtually immune to the wilt virus as the trees on which they feed respond to increasing defoliation. The trees’ own defenses raise the threshold of caterpillar vulnerability to the disease, allowing populations to grow denser without becoming more susceptible to infection. For these reasons, the benefits to the caterpillars of ingesting phenols appear to outweigh the costs. Given the presence of the virus, the trees’ defensive tactic apparently has backfired.17. Which of the following statements best expresses the main point of the passage?(A) Recurring outbreaks of infestation by gypsy moth caterpillars have had adevastating impact on trees in the northeastern United States.(B) A mechanism used by trees to combat the threat from gypsy moth caterpillarshas actually made some trees more vulnerable to that threat.(C) Although deadly to gypsy moth caterpillars, wilt disease has failed tosignificantly affect the population density of the caterpillars.(D) The tree species with the highest levels of phenols in their foliage are the mostsuccessful in defending themselves against gypsy moth caterpillars.(E) In their efforts to develop new methods for controlling gypsy moth caterpillars,researchers have focused on the effects of phenols in tree leaves on the insects’growth and reproduction.18. In lines 12-14, the phrase “the trees’ defensive mechanism has an impact on mothfecundity” refers to which of the following phenomena?(A) Female moths that ingest phenols are more susceptible to wilt virus, whichcauses them to lay smaller eggs.(B) Highly concentrated phenols in tree leaves limit caterpillars’ food supply,thereby reducing the gypsy moth population.(C) Phenols attack the protein globule that protects moth egg clusters, making themvulnerable to wilt virus and lowering their survival rate.(D) Phenols in oak leaves drive gypsy moths into forest stands dominated by aspens,where they succumb to viral epidemics.(E) The consumption of phenols by caterpillars results in undersized female gypsymoths, which tend to produce small egg clusters.19. It can be inferred from the passage that wilt disease virions depend for their survivalon(A) protein synthesized from the tissues of a host caterpillar(B) aspen leaves with high concentrations of phenols(C) tannin-rich oak leaves(D) nutrients that they synthesize from gypsy moth egg clusters(E) a rising threshold of caterpillar vulnerability to wilt disease20. Which of the following, if true, would most clearly demonstrate the operation of thetrees’ defensive mechanism as it is described in the first paragraph of the passage?(A) Caterpillars feeding on red oaks that were more than 50 percent defoliated grewto be only two-thirds the size of those feeding on trees with relatively intactfoliage.(B) Oak leaves in areas unaffected by gypsy moths were found to have higher levelsof tannin on average than aspen leaves in areas infested with gypsy moths.(C) The survival rate of gypsy moth caterpillars exposed to the wilt virus was 40percent higher for those that fed on aspen leaves than for those that ate oakleaves.(D) Female gypsy moths produced an average of 25 percent fewer eggs in areaswhere the wilt virus flourished than did moths in areas that were free of thevirus.(E) Gypsy moth egg clusters deposited on oak trees were found to have relativelylarge individual eggs compared to those deposited on aspen trees.21. Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph of thepassage?(A) It resolves a contradiction between the ideas presented in the first and secondparagraphs.(B) It introduces research data to support the theory outlined in the secondparagraph.(C) It draws a conclusion from conflicting evidence presented in the first twoparagraphs.(D) It shows how phenomena described in the first and second paragraphs act incombination.(E) It elaborates on the thesis introduced in the first paragraph after a digression inthe second paragraph.22. It can be inferred from the passage that gypsy moth caterpillars become immune tothe wilt virus as a result of(A) consuming a wide range of nutrients from a variety of leaf types(B) feeding on leaves that contain high levels of phenols(C) producing fewer offspring, which favors the survival of the hardiest individuals(D) ingesting the virus together with leaves that do not contain tannin(E) growing population density, which outstrips the ability of the virus to multiplyand spread23. Which of the following statements about gypsy moth caterpillars is supported byinformation presented in the passage?(A) Wilt disease is more likely to strike small gypsy moth caterpillars than largeones.(B) The concentration of phenols in tree leaves increases as the gypsy mothcaterpillar population dies off.(C) Female gypsy moth caterpillars stop growing after they ingest leaves containingphenols.(D) Differing concentrations of phenols in leaves have differing effects on the abilityof the wilt virus to kill gypsy moth caterpillars.(E) The longer a gypsy moth population is exposed to wilt disease, the greater thelikelihood that the gypsy moth caterpillars will become immune to the virus.The sweep of narrative in A. N. Wilson’s biography of C. S. Lewis is impressive and there is much that is acute and well argued. But much in this work is careless and unworthyof its author. Wilson, a novelist and an accomplished biographer, has failed to do what any writer on such a subject as Lewis ought to do, namely work out a coherent view of how the various literary works by the subject are to be described and commented on. Decisions have to be made on what to look at in detail and what to pass by with just a mention. Wilson has not thought this problem out. For instance, Till We Have Faces, Lewis’treatment of the Eros and Psyche story and one of his best-executed and most moving works, is merely mentioned by Wilson, though it illuminates Lewis’ spiritual development, whereas Lewis’ minor work Pilgrim’s Regress is looked at in considerable detail.24. The author of the passage implies that Wilson’s examination of Pilgrim’s Regress(A) is not as coherent as his treatment of Till We Have Faces(B) would have been more appropriate in a separate treatise because of the scope ofPilgrim’s Regress(C) demonstrates how Wilson’s narrow focus ignores the general themes of Lewis’works(D) was more extensive than warranted because of the relative unimportance ofPilgrim’s Regress(E) was disproportionately long relative to the amount of effort Lewis devoted towriting Pilgrim’s Regress25. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the followingstatements regarding Till We Have Faces?(A) It is an improvement over the Eros and Psyche story on which it is based.(B) It illustrated Lewis’ attempt to involve his readers emotionally in the story ofEros and Psyche.(C) It was more highly regarded by Wilson than by Lewis himself.(D) It is one of the outstanding literary achievements of Lewis’ career.(E) It is probably one of the most popular of Lewis’ works.26. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) An evaluation is made, and aspects of the evaluation are expanded on withsupporting evidence.(B) A theory is proposed, and supporting examples are provided.(C) A position is examined, analyzed, and rejected.(D) A contradiction is described, then the points of contention are evaluated andreconciled.(E) Opposing views are presented and evaluated, then modifications are advocated.27. Which of the following best describes the content of the passage?(A) A critique of A. N. Wilson as a biographer(B) An evaluation of the significance of several works by C. S. Lewis(C) An appraisal of a biography by A. N. Wilson(D) A ranking of the elements necessary for a well-structured biography(E) A proposal for evaluating the literary merits of the works of C. S. Lewis1995年04月SECTION AInfluenced by the view of some twentieth-century feminists that women’s position within the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historians have underestimated the significance of the woman suffrage movement. These historians contend that nineteenth-century suffragist was less radical and, hence, less important than, for example, the moral reform movement or domestic feminism—two nineteenth-century movements in which women struggled for more power and autonomy within the family. True, by emphasizing these struggles, such historians have broadened the conventional view of nineteenth-century feminism, but they do a historical disservice to suffragism. Nineteenth-century feminists and anti-feminist alike perceived the suffragists’demand for enfranchisement as the most radical element in women’s protest, in part because suffragists were demanding power that was not based on the institution of the family, women’s traditional sphere. When evaluating nineteenth-century feminism as a social force, contemporary historians should consider the perceptions of actual participants in the historical events.17. The author asserts that the historians discussed in the passage have(A) influenced feminist theorists who concentrate on the family(B) honored the perceptions of the women who participated in the women suffragemovement(C) treated feminism as a social force rather than as an intellectual tradition(D) paid little attention to feminist movements(E) expanded the conventional view of nineteenth-century feminism18. The author of the passage asserts that some twentieth-century feminists haveinfluenced some historians view of the(A) significance of the woman suffrage movement(B) importance to society of the family as an institution(C) degree to which feminism changed nineteenth-century society(D) philosophical traditions on which contemporary feminism is based(E) public response to domestic feminism in the nineteenth century19. The author of the passage suggests that which of the following was true ofnineteenth-century feminists?(A) Those who participated in the moral reform movement were motivatedprimarily by a desire to reconcile their private lives with their public positions.(B) Those who advocated domestic feminism, although less visible than thesuffragists, were in some ways the more radical of the two groups.(C) Those who participated in the woman suffrage movement sought social roles forwomen that were not defined by women’s familial roles.(D) Those who advocated domestic feminism regarded the gaining of moreautonomy within the family as a step toward more participation in public life.(E) Those who participated in the nineteenth-century moral reform movement stoodmidway between the positions of domestic feminism and suffragism.20. The author implies that which of the following is true of the historians discussed inthe passage?(A) They argue that nineteenth-century feminism was not as significant a social forceas twentieth-century feminism has been.(B) They rely too greatly on the perceptions of the actual participants in the eventsthey study.(C) Their assessment of the relative success of nineteenth-century domestic feminismdoes not adequately take into account the effects of antifeminist rhetoric.(D) Their assessment of the significance of nineteenth-century suffragism differsconsiderably from that of nineteenth-century feminists.(E) They devote too much attention to nineteenth-century suffragism at the expenseof more radical movements that emerged shortly after the turn of the century.Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers—using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail “hard thinking,” nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American EngineeringRecord wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.21. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with(A) identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologists(B) stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering design(C) proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technology(D) contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists(E) criticizing engineering schools for emphasizing science in engineering curricula22. It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are(A) strengthened when they include courses in design(B) weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed todevelop mathematical skills(C) strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of the courses(D) strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in thedevelopment of automatic control systems(E) strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking23. Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of lines 1-28 of thepassage?(A) When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who isbest equipped to repair it.(B) Each component of an automobile—for example, the engine or the fuel tank—hasa shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to thatcomponent’s function.(C) A telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using onlynonverbal thought.(D) The designer of a new refrigerator should consider the designs of otherrefrigerators before deciding on its final form.(E) The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer’sconceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.。
新GRE Argument题库翻译(已将所有重题合并)
新GRE-Argument全翻译1.Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people.Recently,however,archaeologists discovered such a"Palean"basket in Lithos,an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea.The Brim River is very deep and broad,and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat,and no Palean boats have been found.Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.一种具有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄Palea 的临近地区发现过，因而被认为是Palea居所独有的。
然而最近，考古学家在一个与Palea隔着一条叫做Brim河的村庄Lithos发现了一个这样的Palea篮子。
Brim河很深很宽，所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿过它，但没有证据表明Palea人拥有船只。
这表明那种所谓的Palea篮子并不是那里所独有的。
2.The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal."A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation.The study showed that in stimulating situations(such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey),firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol,which primes the body for increased activity levels,as do their younger siblings.Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence).The study also found that during pregnancy,first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."最近一项对恒河猴的调查揭示了出生顺序对于个体刺激水平的影响。
新 GRE _ ISSUE 题库 中文 翻译
新GRE作文ISSUE题目翻译+分类将新GRE写作Issue Pool 题库分类整理，更方便考生积累写作素材，熟悉分类Issue的套路，在考场上用短时间汇聚思路完成写作部分。
是大家提高新GRE写作能力的有效资料之一。
ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE? revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool. Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.当人们越来越依赖技术去解决问题，人类独立思考能力却退化。
GRE考试真题中文版
GRE 中文试题分析性写作30分钟你将会看到一个简单的说明，指导你如何对给出的问题进行回应，根据具体要求，30分钟内完成写作。
对任何其他问题的回应只会得到0分。
确保文章是根据具体要求展开的，在展开你的立场时，用你阅读到的，经历的以及观察的或者学术研究方面的理由和例子支持你的论点。
GRE的阅卷人将会根据以下的要求来评阅你的文章：根据具体要求展开考虑到问题的复杂性●组织、发展并表达你的观点用相关的原因和例子支持你的论点用标准书面英语在你写作前，对该问题思考几分钟，并阅读具体要求，然后写文章。
确保充分展开你的观点并合理构架组织结构，同时确保写作完成前你有一定的时间检查并改写你将会看到一篇简短的文章以及关于如何回应这篇文章的具体要求。
30分钟完成作文，确保根据具体的要求来评估这篇文章。
任何针对其他的论证的回应将只会得0分。
注意不要求表明你对该问题的观点，而是根据具体的题目要求来展开你对相关原因及例子的评估。
GRE阅卷人将会根据以下的标准评阅你的文章：根据具体要求写文章指出并分析了文中主要的问题组织，发展并表达你的评价用相关的理由，例子来支持你的评估确保用书面英语在写作前，对该问题思考几分钟，并阅读具体要求，然后写文章。
确保充分展开你的评价并合理构架结构，同时确保写作完成前你有一定的时间检查并改写。
对于第1到第7题，根据已经的信息比较Quantity A（A的数值）和Quantity B（B的数值）的大小。
题目会对应四个选项，分别是：A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断1.艾玛花了75美元买了一个旧的自行车，并用27美元修理它。
之后她以她购买和修理花的前的总数的40%把自行车卖出去。
比较艾玛卖自行车的价格和140美元的大小A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断在上图这个图形当中，正方形PQRV和VRST的边长为6问：阴影部分的面积和数值36 哪个比较大A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断3．在上面这个图形当中，圆的直径为10问：图中四边形的面积和数值40哪个比较大A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断4有9,000人在C大学参加一个足球赛，其中有x个学生是C大学的，y个学生不是C大学的。
中文GRE试题
【中文GRE试题】科目：语文题目数量：38 时间：30分钟【中文GRE试题】科目：语文题目数量：38时间：30分钟第一部分：填空题请在甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五个选项中，选择最合适的一项填入题目的空白中，使句子的逻辑通顺且符合常理。
1、祖冲之末年于建康任谒者仆射期间 ________ 数年，终于继计算圆周率之后，在那段硝烟弥漫的艰苦岁月中发明了千里船、水碓磨。
（甲）惨淡经营（乙）搜肠刮肚（丙）苦思冥想（丁）枕戈待旦（戊）形销骨立2、退一步说，雍正皇帝的诸如 ________ 地征税充盈国库、严查并打击科举舞弊等行为是客观存在的，但即便如此，它们并不能掩盖这位帝王是一个 ________ 的人物的事实。
（甲）暴戾 ...... 昏庸无能（乙）残戮 ...... 雷厉风行（丙）高效 ...... 具有争议（丁）积极 ...... 家喻户晓（戊）懈怠 ...... 精明能干3、长沙市的那一场惨烈的车祸，到底还是未能如那些事发现场的处理者们当初之预期一般，在事件的收尾结束一段时日之后为当地居民们所 ________ 。
而 ________ 的是，浙江人茶余饭后的谈资中至今仍包含着几个月前发生在杭州的相似事故。
（甲）铭记 ...... 预料之中（乙）窥探 ...... 令人生畏（丙）忽视 ...... 迥然相异（丁）觊觎 ...... 与此矛盾（戊）淡忘 ...... 无独有偶4、排除了一切其它的可能性，她不得不承认，尽管非常不情愿，自己失散多年的亲生女儿最终成为了竞争对手的 ________ 。
张总做梦也没想到如此 ________ 的事情会降临在自己的头上。
（甲）仇家 ...... 可笑（乙）敌人 ...... 合理（丙）目标 ...... 讽刺（丁）同伴 ...... 荒谬（戊）帮凶 ...... 琐碎5、卢满嫳与公孙虿早年即 ________ ，重蹈当年他们的父亲与叔叔之覆辙，将家中财产二一添作五后各赴异乡。
GRE考试真题试卷(1)
GRE考试真题试卷（1）姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。
每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1、Lee, who refrained from excesses in his personal life, differed markedly from Grant, who________ notorious drinking bouts with his cronies.A：deprecatedB：minimizedC：indulged inD：shunnedE：compensated for2、Left to endure a penniless old age, the________ man lived to regret his________ youth.A：miserly ... friendlessB：reclusive ... affableC：eccentric ... fleetingD：egotistical ... frugalE：improvident ... prodigal3、Lexy's joy at finding the perfect Christmas gift for John was________ , for she stillhad to find presents for the cousins and Uncle Bob.A：transientB：antitheticalC：exuberantD：exhaustiveE：incontrovertible4、Life is a________ of the sacred and the profane, of good and evil; to________ them `is futile.A：rejection ... embraceB：commingling ... separateC：misalliance ... endureD：defamation ... reformE：confusion ... promulgate5、Like Machiavelli before him, Henry Kissinger has a keen appreciation for the hard-headed, even________ , use of power, to the point of admiring some traits in leaders who were otherwise________ .A：cynical ... benevolentB：gentle ... insignificantC：ruthless ... detestableD：resentful ... charismaticE：forceful ... exemplary6、Like a balloon that is________ , aneurysms (swellings in the walls of arteries)sometimes enlarge so much that they________ .A：expanding ... contractB：punctured ... dilateC：elastic ... stratifyD：weightless ... stretchE：overinflated ... burst7、Like a martinet, Norman________ his subordinates to________ rigidly to the rules.A：disciplined ... adaptB：constrained ... adhereC：coaxed ... referD：accustomed ... objectE：coerced ... demur8、Like doctors exploring the mysteries concealed within the human body, astronomers are finding that X rays offer an invaluable means for examining otherwise________ structures.A：inconsequentialB：hiddenC：ambivalentD：diseasedE：ephemeral9、Like foolish people who continue to live near an active volcano, many of us are________ about the________ of atomic warfare and its attendant destruction.A：worried ... possibilityB：unconcerned ... threatC：excited ... powerD：cheered ... possessionE：irritated ... news10、Like many other pioneers, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, founder of the New York Infirmary, the first American hospital staffed entirely by women, faced ridicule from her contemporaries but has received great honor________ .A：posthumouslyB：anonymouslyC：privatelyD：prematurely11、Just as sloth is the mark of the idler,________ is the mark of the________ .A：grief ... miserB：obsequiousness ... toadyC：wanderlust ... trespasserD：suspicion ... tyrantE：brevity (i)12、Just as the earliest stone tools left by humans may seem nothing more than rock fragments to a layperson, so a lot of fossils require a trained eye to________ them.A：excavateB：appreciateC：disseminateD：antedateE：educate13、Justice Harry Blackmun's retirement, while unlikely to bring about a drastic change at the Supreme Court, will remove a distinctly________ voice from the Court's often featureless mix.A：blandB：personalC：moderateD：neutralE：derivative14、Kepler's observations of the supernova would have been more________ and valuable had they been made with a telescope; unfortunately, Kepler's supernova lighted the night skies five full years before Galileo made the first________ telescopic scan of the heavens.A：remote ... skepticalB：solemn ... unseemlyC：infamous ... extraneousD：detailed ... documentedE：fortuitous ... recorded15、Known for his commitment to numerous worthy causes, the philanthropistdeserved________ for his________ .A：recognition ... follyB：blame ... hypocrisyC：reward ... modestyD：admonishment ... wastefulnessE：credit ... altruism16、Lamenting that something horrid had recently befallen the craft of biography, biographer Arthur Schlesinger________ the glut of gossipy new lives on the market.A：deploredB：forgotC：acclaimedD：composedE：abridged17、Land is no less________ just because it has not yet been________ .A：eroded ... subdividedB：exhausted ... cultivatedC：imaginary ... discoveredD：fallow ... settledE：real ... charted18、Lavish in visual beauty, the film Lawrence of Arabia also boasts________ of style: it knows how much can be shown in a shot, how much can be said in a few words.A：extravaganceB：economyC：autonomyD：frivolityE：arrogance19、Learned though she was, her________ never degenerated into________ .A：erudition ... pedantryB：knowledge ... ignoranceC：scholarship ... researchD：speculation ... thoughtE：education ... inquiry20、Leavening his decisions with humorous, down-to-earth anecdotes, Judge Wapner was not at all the________ legal scholar.A：considerateB：pedanticC：indecisiveD：competentE：pragmatic21、It is the task of the International Wildlife Preservation Commission to prevent endangered species from becoming________ in order that future generations may________ the great diversity of animal life.A：tamed ... recollectB：evolved ... valueC：extinct ... enjoyD：specialized ... anticipateE：widespread ... appreciate22、It is wise to begin to treat a progressive disease while it is still in its________ stage.A：climacticB：clinicalC：incipientD：terminalE：pharmaceutical23、It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves were already________ by the constant clamor of the children.A：eliminatedB：alleviatedC：repleteD：vacillatedE：frayed24、It would be beneficial if someone so radical could be brought to believe that old customs need not necessarily be________ and that change may possibly be________ .A：defensible ... prematureB：outdated ... requiredC：evil ... salutaryD：invaluable ... temporaryE：worthless ... inadvisable25、Janet Malcolm depicts the biographer as a nosy, intrusive figure,________ his subject's private papers.A：annotatingB：restoringC：invadingD：acknowledgingE：compiling26、John Gielgud crowns a distinguished career of playing Shakespearean roles by giving a performance that is________ .A：mediocreB：outmodedC：superficialD：unsurpassableE：insipid27、John Keats, Dylan Thomas, Arthur Rimbaud-all these were poets who had to be poets, whom no one or nothing short of death could have________ their courses.A：confirmed inB：derailed fromC：lauded forD：interested inE：convinced of28、Just as all roads once led to Rome, all blood vessels in the human body ultimately________ the heart.A：detour aroundB：shut offC：empty intoD：look afterE：beat back29、Just as an________ dish lacks flavor, an inane remark lacks________ .A：intriguing ... spiceB：insipid ... senseC：inedible ... listenersD：occasional ... implicationsE：offensive ... taste30、Just as an orchestra cannot consist only of violins, a society cannot consist only of managers, for society is an________ in which different parts have different________ .A：anarchy ... powersB：edifice ... complaintsC：organism ... functionsD：institution ... resultsE：urbanity ... ambitions31、Instead of taking exaggerated precautions against touching or tipping or jarringthe bottle of wine, the waitress handled it quite________ , being careful only to use a napkin to keep her hands from the cool bottle itself.A：fastidiouslyB：reverentlyC：nonchalantlyD：tentativelyE：ambivalently32、Irony can, after a fashion, become a mode of escape: to laugh at the terrors of life is in some sense to________ them.A：overstateB：revitalizeC：corroborateD：evadeE：license33、Isozaki's love for detail is apparent everywhere in the new museum, but fortunately the details are________ to the building's larger formal composition, which is________ by the busyness of much recent architecture.A：important ... harmedB：irrelevant ... fragmentedC：subordinated ... unencumberedD：appropriate ... echoedE：incidental ... nullified34、It is________ to try to destroy pests completely with chemical poisons, for as each new chemical pesticide is introduced, the insects gradually become________ to it.A：useless ... drawnB：pointless ... vulnerableC：futile ... resistantD：wicked ... indifferentE：worthwhile ... immune35、It is a relief to see people who can be interested in the arts without being "arty" collectors who collect for their own________ rather than for________ .A：enjoyment ... satisfactionB：interest ... pleasureC：reputation ... amusementD：delight ... showE：education ... fulfillment36、It is a spotty sort of book, with many pages that, if not exactly________ , are less than________ .A：bland ... tediousB：pretentious ... conventionalC：dull ... excitingD：eventful ... newsworthyE：murky ... obscure37、It is all but impossible today to________ the ferocity with which Russian thinkersat the turn of the century________ the materialism that had dominated their country's intellectual life since the 1850s.A：forget ... relishedB：believe ... concededC：grasp ... assailedD：emulate ... ignoredE：challenge ... extolled38、It is possible to analyze a literary work to death,________ `what should be a living experience as if it were a laboratory specimen.A：questioningB：dissectingC：amendingD：nurturingE：reviving39、It is remarkable that a man so in the public eye, so highly praised and imitated, can retain his________ .A：magniloquenceB：dogmasC：bravadoD：idiosyncraciesE：humility40、It is said that the custom of shaking hands originated when primitive men heldout empty hands to indicate that they had no________ weapons and were thus________ disposed.A：lethal ... clearlyB：concealed ... amicablyC：hidden ... harmfullyD：murderous ... illE：secret ... finally41、In discussing Rothko's art, Breslin is________ in keeping to the facts and resisting the________ of fanciful interpretation.A：scrupulous ... temptationB：meticulous ... integrityC：ungainly ... rewardD：uninterested ... echoE：inept ... bias42、In giving a speech, the speaker's goal is to communicate ideas clearly and________ , so that the audience will be in no________ about the meaning of the speech.A：effectively ... hasteB：indirectly ... distressC：vigorously ... discomfortD：unambiguously ... confusionE：tactfully ... suspense43、In his address, the superintendent exhorted the teachers to discover and________ each student's________ talents.A：suppress ... unrecognizedB：develop ... intrinsicC：redirect ... speciousD：belittle ... dormantE：justify ... gratuitous44、In judging the degree of his guilt, the question remains whether he acted out of purely________ motives or whether he acted with thoughts of his own________ in mind.A：benevolent ... fameB：disinterested ... advantageC：selfish ... benefitD：mercenary ... profitE：malicious ... cleverness45、In one instance illustrating Metternich's consuming________ , he employed several naval captains to purchase books abroad for him, eventually adding an entire Oriental library to his________ collection.A：foresight ... indifferentB：altruism ... eclecticC：bibliomania ... burgeoningD：avarice ... inadvertentE：egocentricity ... magnanimous46、In prison Malcolm X set himself the task of reading straight through the dictionary; to him, reading was purposeful, not________ .A：deliberateB：retentiveC：criticalD：desultoryE：exhaustive47、In the 1920s Hollywood became a magnet for men and women on the cutting edge________ artists genuinely excited by the possibilities of the up-and-coming film medium.A：irritableB：innovativeC：untalentedD：outdatedE：inferior48、In the absence of native predators to stop their spread, imported deer________ to such an inordinate degree that they overgrazed the countryside and________ the native vegetation.A：thrived ... threatenedB：propagated ... cultivatedC：suffered ... abandonedD：flourished ... scrutinizedE：dwindled ... eliminated49、In the constant battle for newsstand supremacy, with newsstands groaning from the weight of specialty publications, the biggest challenge facing any new magazine is________ itself from the crowed, making its mission________ .A：transforming ... plausibleB：separating ... impossibleC：distinguishing ... clearD：acquiring ... publicE：distancing ... futile50、In the light of Dickens's description of the lively, even________ dance parties of his time ,Sharp's approach to country dancing may seem overly formal, suggesting more________ than is necessary.A：sophisticated ... expertiseB：rowdy ... decorumC：prudish ... proprietyD：lewd ... ribaldryE：enjoyable ... vitality。
gre阅读真题的翻译和解析
gre阅读真题的翻译和解析1.一种曾在19世纪造成白马铃薯饥荒的真菌的新的更有侵略性的类型在最近出现。
然而由于这种真菌可以被加大用量的杀菌剂杀死，因而这种真菌不会带来对那些依赖于马铃薯为食物的国家造成大面积的食物短缺。
问题：下面哪一个会给文中的结论带来疑问?A.尽管马铃薯是世界上很多地方的主要农作物，在大多数国家人们首要的还是以小麦或者大米为食。
B.在新型真菌扩散的大多数国家农民不能增加他们在杀菌剂上的花费。
C.这种新的真菌是在被感染的马铃薯从一个马铃薯主要出口国出口过来之后开始传播的D.在大多数国家马铃薯农除了使用杀死这种新型真菌的杀菌剂外还使用了几种杀虫剂E.大多数政府留出了可以减轻类似于食物短缺和洪灾之类的大规模灾害的影响的资金。
答案选B，毋庸置疑。
2.作为机关，面临着预算困难，减少科学研究的支持，更大数量的类似研究是由私人基金会支持的。
这种转变意味着会带来有争议的科学研究项目会在所有的支持的研究项目中占更少的部分，因为私人基金会考虑到自己的公共形象而趋向于避免争议。
问题：下面哪一个是上面的假设?A.只有那些不会有可能带来争议顾虑而进行的研究会产生科学上有效的结果。
B.支持科学研究项目的私人基金会意识到项目可能的争议是不可总避免的。
C.有私人基金会支持的项目科学家不同意支持机构在他们做研究时影响他们的做法。
D.许多的政府机构比私人基金会更在意自己的公共形象。
E.政府机构比私人机构更愿意支持会产生争议的科研项目。
答案选E，A无关，B相反，C也相反，D也是。
3.刑事审判陪审团不会依据任何目击者没有证实的证词做出裁决，这样很对，因为对任何人做出的未经证实的说法保持高度的怀疑是谨慎的。
但是为做到始终如一，陪审团应该终止一种太寻常的行为：在未经证实的供认基础上对被告指控有罪。
问题：下面哪一个加强了上面的结论?A.陪审团经常在那些被告收回在审讯之前做的所有供认的案子中宣判无罪。
B.陪审团选举的过程中会去掉那些在审讯之前就对被告的犯罪有坚定的观点的人。
173-244题中文翻译新版1_GRE_
173-244题中文翻译新版1173 "Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways."173. 创造性不是指想人们没有想过的东西；而是以新方式将旧观点组织在一起。
174 "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."174. 法律不应该太僵化、太固定。
他们应该是灵活的，考虑到各种实际情况、时间和地点。
175 "It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."175. 总是某个个人推动了革新；可能由团队完成细节，但是真正的革新来自于个人的进取心与不寻常的洞察力。
176 "The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each."176. 科学的目的是使人们安心，艺术的目的是使人们不安。
这就是它们各自的价值。
177 "The study of an academic discipline alters the way we perceive the world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but with different eyes."177. 对学术的研究改变了我们感知世界的方式。
新GRE阅读36套翻译_20120728_v0.1
新GRE阅读理解36套翻译（2012）版本：0.1日期：2012年07月28日整理：朱晨[This page intentionally left blank. ]目录EXERCISE 1 (1)EXERCISE 2 (3)EXERCISE 3 (6)EXERCISE 4 (8)EXERCISE 5 (10)EXERCISE 6 (12)EXERCISE 7 (14)EXERCISE 8 (16)EXERCISE 9 (18)EXERCISE 10 (20)EXERCISE 11 (22)EXERCISE 12 (24)EXERCISE 13 (26)EXERCISE 14 (28)EXERCISE 15 (30)EXERCISE 16 (32)EXERCISE 17 (35)EXERCISE 18 (37)EXERCISE 19 (40)EXERCISE 20 (42)EXERCISE 21 (45)EXERCISE 22 (48)EXERCISE 23 (50)EXERCISE 24 (53)EXERCISE 25 (55)EXERCISE 26 (58)EXERCISE 27 (60)EXERCISE 28 (62)EXERCISE 29 (65)EXERCISE 30 (67)EXERCISE 31 (69)EXERCISE 32 (71)EXERCISE 33 (73)EXERCISE 34 (75)EXERCISE 35 (77)EXERCISE 36 (79)Exercise 11.1与博弈理论相关的是某些寄生黄蜂的性别比率，他们拥有大量的雌蜂。
在这些蜂类中，受精卵孵化为雌蜂，未受精卵孵化为雄蜂。
雌蜂储存精子，她产的每个卵子是否受精都由雌蜂决定。
根据F的基因理论，生物倾向于这样的性别比例，即能够拥有最多数量的后代，因此能最大程度复制并传递基因，为此，产生等量的雌性和雄性后代对他们是有利的。
GRE考试中翻译试题及答案
GRE考试中翻译试题及答案1 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.社会应该努力濒危物种，只要这些物种的灭绝是人类活动的结果。
2 College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.大学生应该选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。
3 As we acquire more knowledge, things do not bee more prehensible, but more plex and mysterious.当人们获得越来越多的知识时，事情非但没有变得更加透彻，反而更加复杂神秘。
4 In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.在任何情况下，持有不同意见的人讨论过程中才会有进步。
5 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to sueed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
6 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究。
GRE2.Argument全数题目翻译
No1following appeared in a memorandum written by the vice president ofNature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and otherhealth-related products."Previous experience has shown that our stores are most profitable inareas where residents are highly concerned with leading healthy lives. Weshould therefore build our next new store in Plainsville, which has manysuch residents. Plainsville merchants report that sales of running shoesand exercise clothing are at all-time highs. The local health club, whichnearly closed five years ago due to lack of business, has more membersthan ever, and the weight training and aerobics classes are always full.We can even anticipate a new generation of customers: Plainsville'sschoolchildren are required to participate in a 'fitness for life'program, which emphasizes the benefits of regular exercise at an earlyage."以前的经验显示，我们的商店在那些居民对健康生活高度关注的地区是盈利最多的。
gre翻译中文试题及答案
gre翻译中文试题及答案一、翻译题1. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has significantly altered the way we live and communicate."答案："技术的快速发展已经显著改变了我们的生活方式和沟通方式。
"2. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"Despite the economic downturn, the company managed to increase its profits by 15%."答案："尽管经济下滑，该公司还是设法将其利润提高了15%。
"3. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"The book provides a comprehensive overview of the history of the Renaissance."答案："这本书提供了文艺复兴历史的全面概述。
"4. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"In order to reduce pollution, the government has implemented a series of strict regulations."答案："为了减少污染，政府实施了一系列严格的法规。
"5. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"The artist's unique style is characterized by the use of vibrant colors and bold shapes."答案："这位艺术家的独特风格以使用鲜艳的颜色和大胆的形状为特点。
GRE考试的真题答案及解析
GRE考试的真题答案及解析16. TRENCHANCY : INSIPID::(A) forgetfulness : concerned(B) iniquity : vicious(C) tranquility : forbearing(D) arrogance : brazen(E) artlessness : canny鲜明：平淡乏味的 (反义关系)健忘：关心的;有关的不公正：不道德的;恶意的宁静：容忍的傲慢;自大：厚颜无耻的天真：慎重的,精明的Section 28. FORAGE : SUSTENANCE::(A) foretell : omen(B) salvage : wreck(C) reconnoiter : plan(D) canvass : support(E) question : poll搜寻v.(饲料n.)：食物 (动作及其目的对象)预言：预兆救助：失事;残骸侦察：方案,规划游说;调查：支持询问;疑心：投票;民意调查9. WREST : TAKE::(A) appoint : designate(B) plummet : drop(C) charter: establish(D) cite : quote(E) tear : separate费力夺取强夺：拿走获得程度类比非正常与正常) 指定委任：指明任命垂直下落v.(铅锤n.)：下落下降特许发执照v.(执照n.)：建立确立引用引证：引用报价撕裂流泪v.：别离10. FRUGAL : STINGY::(A) bative : aggressive(B) attentive : oblivious(C) lenient : lax(D) informed : astute(E) dubious : unsure节约的：吝啬的褒贬程度类比)好斗的：好斗的有进取心的留意的：遗忘的宽大的仁慈的：松驰的松懈的见多识广的：机敏的可疑的：不确定的这是一道比较容易迷惑的题。
新GRE-ARGUMENT-写作题库、翻译、及思路1
成分、思路等。供大家参考！！！（剩余的，见后续文档）
祝大家考 G 成功！
新 GRE Argument 1 Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean. [Specific Task Instruction: Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.]
GRE阅读原文翻译——国题内1990--1995
[说明]此文档整理的是国内题（90-94）的阅读原文翻译引用花儿前辈的介绍：“国内题里的阅读共有长文章29篇，短文章29篇，是国内GRE考试真题，经典结构的文章比较多，有相当一部分文章有很强的代表性，适于锻炼做一篇文章的全过程，中后期可以开始卡时间练习”符号介绍：L=长文章，S=短文章，9004即1990年4月的GRE笔试由于时间紧工作量大，难免出错，希望大家多提宝贵意见谢谢大家对寄托的支持~9004S由于“地震反射法”在勾画地球的地面下部位这方面的准确性，该方法一直是探寻石油储存的最重要的工具。
在实地作业中，通过将一系列波列源，诸如小规模炸药爆炸，排列成为一网格模式，从而将地面下部位在地图上标绘出来。
随着每一个波列源得以被触发，它就产生一个波列，该波列便以一特定速度向下移动，而其下移的速度仅仅取决于岩石的弹性特征。
随着岩石的界面被穿越，所遇的弹性特征一般会突然地改变，这便导致一部分能量反射回到地面，于是这部分能量就在地面被地震仪器记录下来。
地震记载必须加以处理，以便纠正波列源与接受器之间的位置差异，纠正无关的波列，以及纠正来自岩石界面的多重反射。
然后，在每一个特定波列源位置获取的数据被综合起来，得出一个地面下部位的物理剖面图，而这一剖面图则能最终用来择取目标进行钻探。
L现代考古发现依然能够对古代文学研究作出相当大的贡献。
譬如，四十多年之前，一项对早期希腊剧作家埃斯库罗斯（Aeschylus）诸剧作的调查分析，极有可能以《乞援衰女》（The Suppliant Women）为开端。
许多对于该剧具有内在意义的因素，但或许最特殊的是合唱队的显赫地位（在该剧中具有主导作用），致使学者们将其视作埃斯库罗斯的早期作品之一。
学者们的一致见解是，它不失为这样一部剧作，能真正反映出悲剧从合唱抒情诗中演化这一过程的早期阶段。
该剧的创作年代过去一年度被断定为早在公元前五世纪九十年代，不管怎么说，要远早于埃斯库罗斯作于公元前472年的《波斯人》（The Persians）。
GRE 1994 年国内考题
1994 年2 月国内考题SECTION31. Automobile exhaust is a serious pollution problem in Riverside, and instituting tolls at Riverside’s bridges would reduce the total number of miles traveled by automobiles. Nevertheless, overall pollution levels would not decrease because there would be long lines at the toll booths, and automobiles expel more exhaust per minute while idling than in any other driving situation.The argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?(A) Any reduction in automobile exhaust resulting from a reduction in the miles traveled by cars would be matched or surpassed by the additional exhaust resulting from toll lines.(B) Cars in Riverside spend more time, on average, idling than they do in other driving situations.(C) Increasing automobile exhaust at the bridges will not significantly affect air pollution because few drivers use the bridges in Riverside frequently.(D) Reducing automobile exhaust is not the most effective way of reducing air pollution.(E) The inconvenience of idling in the long toll lines at Riverside s bridges will cause most drivers to change their driving routes, not the amount of driving that they do.1．汽车尾气是Riverside 一个严重的污染问题，在Riverside 的桥上建收费处会减少汽车行驶总里程数。
GRE考试翻译试题及答案
GRE考试翻译试题及答案1 、A nation should require all of its students tostudy the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生统一的国家课程。
2、 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.有些人认为政府对艺术的资助是有必要的，资助能够保证艺术繁荣开展，并且让所有人享受艺术。
也有人认为政府对艺术的资助会威胁到艺术的完整性。
3、 Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to suess for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。
原因：对于任何机构，最可靠的.成功途径是通过新领导阶层带来革新。
4、 In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to makea significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.任何研究领域，如果不首先承受该领域中过去成就的影响，就不可能会有意义重大的成功。
英语gre试题
GRE试题及解析Passage 3A decrease in face-to-face social contact can precipitate depression. Time spent using the Internet cannot be spent in face-to-face social contact, so psychologists have speculated that sharply increasing Internet use can cause depression. Studies of regular Internet users have found a significantly higher incidence of depression among those who had recently doubled the amount of time they spent using the Internet than among those whose use had not increased. Hence, the psychologists’ spe culation is correct.文章解析第一句话：A decrease in face-to-face social contact can precipitate depression.白话版讲解：如果一个人花在面对面社交接触上面的时间减少了，就可能会导致这个人得抑郁症。
第二句话：Time spent using the Internet cannot be spent in face-to-face social contact, so psychologists have speculated that sharply increasing Internet use can cause depression.白话版讲解：花在互联网上的时间，就不能花在面对面社交上了，所以有些心理学家就推测出这么一个结论——如果一个人大量增加上网时间，可能会导致人得抑郁症。
GRE Psychology Test 中文版
（3）社会比较、自我 （4）情绪、情感和动机 （5）从众、他人影响和说服 （6）人际吸引和亲密关系 （7）组间组内进程 （8）文化和性别的影响 （9）进化心理学、利他和暴力 （10）理论、应用和争论点
三、其他领域——（17%） 1. 通论（4-6%） （1）历史 （2）工业组织 （3）教育 2. 测量和方法（11-13%） （1）心理测量学、问卷建立、信度、 效度 （2）实验设计 （3）数据处理 （4）科学方法和证据评估 （5）伦理与法律问题 （6）分析并阐述实验结果
*原始分=正确题目数减去错误题目数的四分之一，四舍五入取整数。 对于特定的考试版本，有很多可能得到相同的原始分。比如上面的某测试 A 中,原始分 116~118 都会得到 600 分。下面是几个可能得到 600 分标准分的情况： 得到标准分 600 分的几种可能情况的例子 原始分 116 116 116 118 118 118 答对题目数 116 125 134 118 126 135 答错题目数 0 35 70 0 34 67 未答题目数 88 44 0 86 44 2 题目数 204 204 204 204 204 204
GRE 单科考试的目的
GRE 单科考试旨在帮助研究生院录取委员会和奖学金资助者评估申请者某个特定学科 的水平。本考试也可以为学生提供测试学科水平的科学方法。 这个考试的分数对学生在这个学科的知识有预测力， 这些本科项目中的知识在为研究生 学习打基础。由于考试成绩往往能预测今后的学习表现，GRE 单科成绩能一定程度上预测 学生在研究生学习中的表现。因为考试是标准化的，成绩就可以对不同机构、不同本科项目 进行横向对比。有的单科考试，除了提供总分外还提供分类得分；这些分类得分表明学生的 强项和弱项，对于未来学习的规划很有帮助。 GRE 委员会建议，单科的考试成绩应该和申请者的其他相关信息综合进行考虑。因为 有很多因素会影响研究生院学习的成败， 单单靠一个因素来预测成败并不可靠。 其他表明能 力的因素通常有本科成绩单（上面有选课情况和得分情况） 、推荐信和 GRE 综合测试成绩。 如果需要有关如何运用 GRE 成绩的信息， 请看 GRE 分数使用向 /gre/stupubs
gre在家考试题及答案
gre在家考试题及答案GRE在家考试题及答案1. Directions: Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank in the following sentence.The artist's new exhibition features a series of paintings that are _______ in their use of color and form.A. innovativeB. conservativeC. traditionalD. ambiguousAnswer: A2. Directions: Identify the main idea of the passage below. The passage discusses the importance of renewable energy sources in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. It highlights the benefits of solar and wind power and suggests that governments should invest more in research and development of these technologies.Main Idea: The passage emphasizes the significance of renewable energy in mitigating climate change.3. Directions: Solve the following equation for x.3x - 7 = 2x + 8Answer: x = 154. Directions: Choose the word that is most nearly oppositein meaning to the word "abundant."A. scarceB. presentC. numerousD. availableAnswer: A5. Directions: In the context of the following sentence, what does the word "subtle" most likely mean?The subtle changes in the painting's background were almost imperceptible to the casual observer.A. obviousB. complexC. delicateD. significantAnswer: C6. Directions: Rewrite the following sentence in a more formal style.The guy who works at the store told me that they are having a sale.Rewritten Sentence: The store employee informed me that a sale is currently underway.7. Directions: Choose the correct answer to complete theanalogy.Sailor is to Sea as Pilot is to _______.A. SkyB. LandC. AirD. EarthAnswer: C8. Directions: Solve the following system of equations.x + y = 102x - y = 4Answer: x = 6, y = 49. Directions: Choose the word that best completes the sentence.The _______ of the old building was a topic of great debate among the city council members.A. renovationB. demolitionC. relocationD. preservationAnswer: B10. Directions: Identify the type of logical fallacy in the argument: "If we don't increase the speed limit, there will be more accidents because people will drive faster to save time."A. Ad hominemB. False causeC. Hasty generalizationD. Slippery slopeAnswer: D结束语：希望以上GRE在家考试题及答案能够帮助你更好地准备考试。
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GRE 中文试题分析性写作30分钟你将会看到一个简单的说明，指导你如何对给出的问题进行回应，根据具体要求，30分钟内完成写作。
对任何其他问题的回应只会得到0分。
确保文章是根据具体要求展开的，在展开你的立场时，用你阅读到的，经历的以及观察的或者学术研究方面的理由和例子支持你的论点。
GRE的阅卷人将会根据以下的要求来评阅你的文章：根据具体要求展开考虑到问题的复杂性●组织、发展并表达你的观点用相关的原因和例子支持你的论点用标准书面英语在你写作前，对该问题思考几分钟，并阅读具体要求，然后写文章。
确保充分展开你的观点并合理构架组织结构，同时确保写作完成前你有一定的时间检查并改写你将会看到一篇简短的文章以及关于如何回应这篇文章的具体要求。
30分钟完成作文，确保根据具体的要求来评估这篇文章。
任何针对其他的论证的回应将只会得0分。
注意不要求表明你对该问题的观点，而是根据具体的题目要求来展开你对相关原因及例子的评估。
GRE阅卷人将会根据以下的标准评阅你的文章：根据具体要求写文章指出并分析了文中主要的问题组织，发展并表达你的评价用相关的理由，例子来支持你的评估确保用书面英语在写作前，对该问题思考几分钟，并阅读具体要求，然后写文章。
确保充分展开你的评价并合理构架结构，同时确保写作完成前你有一定的时间检查并改写。
对于第1到第7题，根据已经的信息比较Quantity A（A的数值）和Quantity B（B的数值）的大小。
题目会对应四个选项，分别是：A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断1.艾玛花了75美元买了一个旧的自行车，并用27美元修理它。
之后她以她购买和修理花的前的总数的40%把自行车卖出去。
比较艾玛卖自行车的价格和140美元的大小A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断在上图这个图形当中，正方形PQRV和VRST的边长为6问：阴影部分的面积和数值36 哪个比较大A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断3．在上面这个图形当中，圆的直径为10问：图中四边形的面积和数值40哪个比较大A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断4有9,000人在C大学参加一个足球赛，其中有x个学生是C大学的，y个学生不是C大学的。
问：参加比赛的人当中，不是学生的人数，和9,000 –x – y，哪一个比较大A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断5. 机器R，以恒定的速率独自运作，在30分钟内生产x个单位的产品；机器S，以恒定的速率独自运作，在48分钟内生产x个单位的产品。
其中x为正整数。
问：数值A为：机器R，以恒定的速率独自运作，3个小时生产的产品数数值B为：机器S，以恒定的速率独自运作，4个小时生产的产品数比较A和B的大小。
A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断6.如题，数值A为x,数值B为y.问：A和B哪一个比较大A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断7. 在2009年，在X镇的房产税为房产估定价值的P%，其中P为常数。
2009年，X镇的房产估定价值为125,000美元，其房产税为2,500美元。
数值A为：X镇在2009年的房产估定价值为160,000美元，在此情况下的房产税。
数值B为：3,000美元问：A和B哪一个比较大。
A.Quantity A大B.Quantity B大C.Quantity A 和Quantity B相等D.无法判断8-13题除非有特殊说明，否则都是选择一个选项为正确答案。
另外有数据输入题（俗称填空题）；把正确答案填入方格里面，以下形式都是正确的，如2.5，或者2,5.都可以。
如果是分数形式，分子填入上面空格，分母填入下面空格。
8. 如果，哪个选项能够正确的用n表示出d。
A.d比n小4；B.d比n大4；C.d是n的2/7倍；D.d是n的2倍；E.d是n的5倍。
9.函数x在直角坐标系中的图如上，求f ( f (–1))的值A. –2B. –1C. 0D. 1E. 210. 按重量计算，溶液A是由8%的溶液R和18%的溶液S构成。
如果3克的溶液R和7课的溶液S混在一起，那么溶液A在该混合溶液中的比例为多少？A 10%B 13%C 15%D 19%E 26%11. 在一个700人的组织里，有120个是律师。
随机从这个组织里抽取2个人。
以下哪一个最接近2个人都不是律师的几率？A. 0.5B. 0.6C. 0.7D. 0.8E. 0.912到13题，在下面的空格处填上正确的答案12. 上图是一个长方形花园，周围是跑道。
花园18英尺长，12英尺宽。
跑道一致为3英尺宽，并且跑道边角均为直角。
跑道的面积为多少？说明：根据题目输入阿拉伯数字13. 直线K位于xy轴上。
K与X轴的截距为-4，K穿过线段的中点，线段2个顶点的坐标为（2, 9）和（2，0）。
直线K的斜率为多少？答案为分数——————————说明：此类题填分数形式，分子填入上面空格，分母填入下面空格。
14题，选择所有正确的答案14. 从2001到2008这8年，哪一年的出口超过进口多于50亿美金？说明：此题为不定项选择题，答案个数不确定A. 2001B. 2002C. 2003D. 2004E. 2005F. 2006G. 2007H. 200815. 以下哪一个最接近于从2000到2009这连续9年的进口额平均值？说明：五个选项选一个A. $260 millionB. $320 millionC. $400 millionD. $480 millionE. $640 millionMedium Question16. 在2008年，出口额多于进口额多少百分比？说明：五个选项选一个A. 40%B. 60%C. 70%D. 120%E. 140%Hard Question17. 如果发现2007年的进口额不正确，而应该是50亿美金，那么上图所示的10年进口额会大约少多少？说明：五个选项选一个A. $200 millionB. $50 millionC. $20 millionD. $7 millionE. $5 million多个选项题，选择一个正确选项18到20题，选择一个正确选项18. 一个商店卖2种笔：一种2美金每支，而另外一种3美金每支。
如果一个顾客花25美金来买笔，并且没有营业税，顾客最多可以买几支笔？说明：五个选项选一个A. 9B. 10C. 11D. 12E. 2019. 如果y=3x 并且z=2y，用x怎么表示x+ y+ z？说明：五个选项选一个A. 10xB. 9xC. 8xD. 6xE. 5x20. 一种船运服务费对于价值25美金或者以下的包裹收取0.75美金保险费，对于25美金以上的包裹收取1美金保险费。
如果丹用这家船运公司运送3个包裹，分别为18.25美金，25美金，和127.25美金，那么船运公司总共收取丹多少保险费？说明：五个选项选一个A. $1.75B. $2.25C. $2.50D. $2.75E. $3.00第4部分语文(30 分钟20 个题目)1到5题，每个空格从相应的选项中选择一个最适合的答案。
1. _____的调查工作有时会发现新的事实（线索），甚至会是重要的事实，不过普遍来说（更典型的情况是），重大的新事实还是由有明确目标导向的调查所发现的。
A 及时B 没有导向C 一致D 简单的E 主观的2. 很_____的是艺术剧院里挂着很多的肖像画，这些跟家里面挂的在艺术水平上差不多，或许只是绘画的技巧_______他们可以挂在艺术剧院里。
Blank (i) Blank (ii)A 奇怪 D 挑战B 可以理解的 E 证明合理C 不相干的 F 改变3. 与他现在在政治上的_____形成巨大对比的是，他在学校的时候对政治很_____，尽管那所学校的政治活动是很成熟的。
Blank (i) Blank (ii)A 活跃 D 专心于B 冷漠 E 不关心C 亲切 F 由什么形成8.Richard M. Russell 宣称二战之后国家（经济）52%的增长是_____创新实现的。
他认为，在_____研发之外，政府在确保持续创新中的最主要责任是推动一个强大的，现代的专利管理机构。
“除非我们能____原创思想，我们不会有任何发明创造。
” Richard M. Russell说。
在预测未来一个世纪创新的前景的时候，几位发明家一致认为未来取决于我们是否能够给与孩子们创造性思考的工具以及创新的动力。
Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)A 以什么为代价 D 除了限制G 评估B 与什么无关 E 除了支持H 保护C 通过 F 没有夸张I 宣布5. 专利申请的快速声明认为是______的，除非发现充足的可疑之处。
为了获得初审通过，发明只可能被认为是（更可能而不是相反）成功运行。
并且，尽管成千上万的专利在当庭审核的时候因为其他的原因受到质疑，没有什么人有这样的动力把努力扩展到____一个错误专利的科学性上。
因此，无数的_____发明将继续依靠运气获得专利。
Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)A 假定可核实的 D 证实G 小说B 详细检查 E 前进H 假的C 考虑 F 揭露I 淘汰根据下面的文章回答6到7题多数学者关于美国女性就业问题普遍认为第二次世界大战(1939 - 1945)戏剧性地改变了这位女性的作用，这些研究也承认，一旦男人从战场上回来工作，就很少有女性仍在制造。
但在农业方面却不一样，女性被认为是临时工，女性就业并没有随战争的结束而结束。
相反，农业扩大和男性人数的稳定减少造成了在战后农业雇佣更多的女性。
因此，1950年代，越来越多的女性从事农业劳动，即使大众媒体上呼吁女性回归家庭生活。
6. 从文中可以推出二战后美国制造业和农业方面的不同体现在下面哪些方面A 每个部分的扩张率B 男员工部分的雇员比率C 男雇员的工资D 公众媒体的对于女雇员的态度E 女雇员的工作满意度5.下面哪个句子真实反映了二战期间美国妇女受雇情况A 大多数女性员工第二次世界大战期间工作的都想在战争结束后回到家庭生活。
B 绝大多数的女性员工第二次世界大战期间都被雇用到制造业工作。