立仁东方2011MBA英语基础讲义-1 语法之 句法

MBA英语语法—关联·整合·应用一．MBA联考英语考试大纲2010版语法内容分类一）语法：1. 句法：（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等），[状语从句]，强调句型；（8）倒装句2. 词法：1）名词、代词的数和格；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级；（4）连接词（连接-句法）；动词：（2）动词的时态、语态；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）；（6）虚拟语气；*动介/副词短语搭配(1300)3. 语篇：阅读、写作；文体，话题；结构，语言，逻辑，思维二）词汇较熟练地掌握常用词汇5700个，1300个常用词组二．MBA语言学习资源和MBA 英语语法复习计划（基础）■资源：〉〉必要的语法学习参考书（用一种即可）1. 李俊峰《大学英语语法讲座和练习》航空版（考试虫）;2. 张道真《最新实用英语语法》外研社3. 张满胜《英语语法新思维》（上中下）世知版；4.张满胜《2010考研英语语法新思维》（中高级）群言〉〉方法：郑赞荣[韩]《千万别学英语》；钟道隆《逆向法学英语》〉〉视听：资源→外语:、听力VOA...，英文期刊、报纸，词汇听力或自己购买普特英语听力〉〉词典：Collins Cobuild Advanced Dictionary, OLAD, LDOCE, Desktop Dic：Lingoes灵格斯翻译家，有道■MBA 英语语法复习计划（基础串讲要点，需要配合语法专书的学习和练习巩固，结合阅读）第一讲句法—单句-复句-连接词；主谓一致-强调句型；倒装--副词□√第二讲动词—时态-语态-虚拟语气；□√—非谓语动词；词汇学习的重点□第三讲词汇：名形—名词-代词；形容词-副词□第四讲整合知识，综合应用-词、句、段、篇的整合与表达[贯穿在语法学习中]第一讲句法:单句-复句-连接词-主谓一致-强调句型一．知识系统导图图1一．词类Parts of speech1．实词[notional word]：有完整词汇意义的词。

单独充当句子成分，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词。

2．虚词[form word]：没有完整的词汇意义，但有语法或功能意义的词。

包括冠词、介词、连词、叹词。

还有助词、象声词。

◇限定词(determiner):数词,冠词,量词等在新的语法研究中也被归为限定名词的新词类，即限定词。

二．句子Sentence句子是语篇之下的语法结构，是人们进行交际、表达思想的最小语言单位。

由不同词类的单词按照一定的语法规则有机地组合在一起，表达一个完整的意思。

1．句子语法成分：一个句子各个不同语法功能的部分为句子成分（9种）主干成分--主语，谓语，宾语，辅饰成分--表语，补语，定语，状语，同位语，插入(解释)语三．基本句型图2【练习1】分析下列各个句子的句法成分，确定其中的主、从句并写出从句类型，并将其译成中文1. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us.2. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.3. Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by Machiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye’s new book.4. Mr. Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and one-time chairman of America’s National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of “soft power”, based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to “hard power”, based on coercion (强迫) and force.5. Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership, in both the political and business spheres.6. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the theory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls “smart power”, is the best approach.7. Anyone allergic(反感) to management term will already be running for the exit, but Mr. Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume.46. Directions：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)“Sustainability”has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Bounder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, “Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.”■英语句子的应用规则一．句子的助动词（Auxiliary verb）助动词是帮助动词构成某种时态、语态、情态或某种表达方法的辅助词，与动词一起构成句子的谓语。

它们与动词的现在分词、过去分词或不定式结合，帮助构成各种动词时态和语气；be的各种形式与动词的过去分词结合构成被动语态；情态助动词与动词结合表达动词的许可、请求、命令、推断、猜测、委婉等情态意义；帮助构成句子的否定、疑问和语气等。

助动词是英语句子谓语重要组成部分，更是正确清楚表达意思不可或缺的部分，学习时要特别注意句子表达中助动词的运用。

根据其在句子中的作用，助动词主要分两类：1.结构功能助动词(Functional auxiliary verb)；2.情态助动词（Modal verb）。

1．结构功能助动词(3个）结构功能助动词包括BE, HA VE 和DO。

它们的变化形式如下表所示：助动词不定式现在式过去式过去分词进行式be am, is, are was, were been beinghave has, have had haddo do, does did done通过不同形式来表达否定、疑问，语态，时态，语气等。

2. 情态助动词（Modal verb，19个）情态助动词（7组17个）半情态助动词（3个）dare；needcan，could，be able to；may，might；must，have to；will，would，used to；shall，should，ought to；had better，would rather；may as well, may well上表中所列是常用情态助动词。

情态助动词不能单独作谓语。

与动词原形（或变形）一起构成谓语，来表达能力、许可、可能、义务、推测等语义。

其中部分有过去式，但没有不定式或分词形式，不能用于进行时态。

二．句子的一致性（Agreement）1. 主谓一致；2．人称指代一致（名词、代词）（第二讲）；3．谓语动词时态一致（第三讲）三．简单句句子主语通常是名词/词组，其结构形式是一般都是“（限定词＋修饰语＋）名词中心词”。

谓语的结构形式变化比较多。

其多样性决定于不同类型的谓语动词。