(完整)高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文4篇--较难(有答案)

高考英语说明文4篇

1

Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can’t make

us tire. It sounds absurd/əb'sɜːd/荒谬的. But a years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage 阶段

of fatigue /fə'tiːg/(疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took

a drop of blood from a day laborer劳动者, we would find it full

of fatigue toxins /'tɒksɪn/ (毒素) and fatigue products. But if we

took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no

fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly很快地

at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is

totally tireless. So what makes us tired?

Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情绪的) attitudes. One of England’s most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin /'ɒrɪdʒɪn/起源. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction?

No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety/æŋ'zaɪətɪ/焦虑, tenseness紧张

, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated---those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

1. What surprised the scientists a few years ago?

A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.

B. Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn after a day’s work.

C. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.

D. A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.

2. According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?

A. Challenging mental work.

B. Unpleasant emotions.

C. Endless tasks.

D. Physical labo

3. What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?

A. He agrees with them.

B. He doubts them.

C. He argues against them.

D. He hesitates to accept them.

4. We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ________.

A. have some good food.

B. enjoy their work

C. exercise regularly

D. discover fatigue toxins

2

They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet

but alert /ə'lɜːt/（警觉）. Twenty centimeters厘from her face researchers

have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully.

A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots,

is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness 名，新奇? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three,

or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise （同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

5. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s__.

A. sense of hearing

B. sense of sight

C. sense of touch D sense of smell

6. Babies are sensitive to the change in______.

A. the size of cards

B. the colour of pictures

C. the shape of patterns

D. the number of objects