Tess of D'urbervilles 赏析

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《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析英语毕业论文

《德伯维尔家的苔丝》苔丝的人物性格分析英语毕业论文Character Analysis of Tess in "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" - English Graduation ThesisIntroduction:Written by Thomas Hardy in 1891, "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" unfolds the tragic life of Tess, a beautiful and innocent girl who faces destitution, hardship, and betrayal. This thesis aimsto analyze the character of Tess, focusing on her personality traits, development, and conflicts, highlighting her strength, vulnerability, and the impact of society on her life.1. Pure and Innocent:Tess is introduced as a pure and innocent girl from a humble background. Her beauty captivates others, symbolizing her purity. Her innocence is evident in her encounter with Alec, which leads to her downfall. She is unaware of his intentions and struggles with the consequences of this encounter throughout the novel. Tess's pure and innocent nature is her defining quality, which sets her apart from the corrupt and shallow society she lives in.2. Strong and Resilient:Despite the challenges she faces, Tess demonstrates great strength and resilience. She takes responsibility for herfamily's welfare after her father's death, showing herdetermination to provide for them. Tess's strength is also seen in her decision to leave Alec and search for a new life. She endures physical and emotional hardships, yet she never loses her will to survive. Her resilience allows her to carry on, even in the face of despair.3. Vulnerability and Victimhood:4. Internal Conflict:Throughout the novel, Tess experiences profound internal conflicts. Her conflict with herself is particularly evident in her relationships with Angel and Alec. She feels torn between her desire for love and her fear of losing her innocence. Tess's internal conflict intensifies as she grapples with guilt and societal condemnation. She questions her worthiness and struggles with her perceived status as a fallen woman. This internal battle adds depth to her character and highlights the moral dilemmas she faces.5. Influence of Society:Conclusion:。

作品赏析

德伯家的苔丝Tess of the D’Urbervilles作者：Thomas Hardy主人公：Tess，Alec，Angel Clare赏析：In this work, Hardy’s pessimistic and naturalist view of life is fully expressed: Mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune to human life.The novel also gives a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction.Main works :Jude the Obscure;The dynasts;Fare from the Madding Crowd;The return of the Native Hamlet 哈姆雷特This is one part of Hamlet's most famous monologue. Hamlet, facing the dilemma of action & mind, is hesitating whether he should revenge for his father, which may bring him death, or he should suffer & hide his hatred for his uncle in his deep heart, which may secure his life.文章片段：Ham. To be or other to be –that is the questionThe Merchant V enice 威尼斯商人Theme: To praise the friendship between Antonio & Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit & loyalty, & to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.文章片段：主人公，Duke. Ant. Bass . Shy.The main works :Tempest;The Taming of the shrew;Sonnet 18Theme: a profound meditation on the destructive power of time & the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves.Imagery: a summer's day-youth ，the eye of heaven-the sun简爱Jane Eyre作者：Charlotte Brontё主人公：Jane Eyre，Mr. Rochester赏析：1.Tell the stories about how the young middle-class women fight for independence, equality, love andhappiness.2.Charlotte contemns the temporal and advocates diligence, independence, self-discipline…3.Criticize the prejudice of love and marriage from the temporal world.4.Jane Eyre made great contributions to the women’s movement at that time as a novel concernedwith governess.5.Jane Eyre is not only a realistic novel but also a romantic one.。

tess of the d'urbervilles写作风格

tess of the d'urbervilles写作风格
《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代的一部小说，其写作风格具有以下特点：
1. 现实主义：哈代在这部小说中描绘了当时英国乡村的生活和社会现实，展现了人物的生活环境、社会地位和命运。

他通过对人物的刻画，反映了当时社会的道德观念、宗教信仰和阶级矛盾。

2. 自然主义：哈代在小说中大量运用自然景观和季节变化来表现人物的内心情感和命运。

他将自然视为一个有生命力的存在，与人物的命运紧密相连。

这种自然主义的表现手法使得小说具有一种诗意的美感。

3. 心理描写：哈代在小说中对人物的心理活动进行了细腻的描绘，展现了人物内心的挣扎、痛苦和无奈。

他对人物的心理描写既真实又深刻，使得人物形象更加立体和丰满。

4. 优美的叙述语言：哈代在小说中运用了优美、简练的语言，使得小说具有很高的文学价值。

他的叙述语言既有英国古典文学的传统，又有现代文学的创新，使得小说在艺术上达到了很高的境界。

经典翻译赏析(一)——单句篇4

译文：苔丝和她现在挨肩儿的妹妹中间，本来还有两个娃娃，却都在襁褓中就死了，因此她和这个挨肩儿的妹妹，相差四岁还多；这种情况，使她独自和弟妹们在一块儿的时候，俨然以“老姐比母”自居。（张谷若译）
赏析：“a deputy-maternal attitude”实在不好译，而张谷若先生的“俨然以‘老姐比母’自居”却译得那么轻松自然，准确得当，让人不由得不叹服。吕叔湘先生也有一译，与此译有异曲同工之妙：Now and then he turned his eyes from the girl's face to that of the partner, which, in exhilaration of the dance，had taken on a look of impudent ownership．他时而转移他的目光从女子的脸上到她的舞伴的脸上，那张脸在跳舞的狂热之中俨然有“佳人属我”的神情。
9. Oh, we are proud! (George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion)
译文：吓，好大架子。（杨宪益译）
赏析：翻译对话，要生动活泼。日常生活中，人们常用的一些词语、表达方式，大多具有生动活泼的特点，翻译中，如何充分利用这些有声有色的语言，是一门学问。杨宪益先生细揣摩说话人的心理，用生动活泼的汉语口语来译原文，得到的译文“信”、“达”且“切”。
译她文母：亲她的母病亲已已好经转见，好不，用不她用时她刻时在刻跟在前病伺床候前了伺，候囚了在，病她房在里病这房些里日和子病，人有缠空了出这来么散些散天心，，一她旦当跑然到很外高面兴地了里。，当然很高兴。（张谷若译）
赏析：先译“her mother’s improvement”，接着译“she was not now required'’，再译“after the confinement of the sick chamber”和“doing it"，最后译“she liked”，翻译顺序是从后依次向前，可谓之倒拆法（“从形式看，[倒拆]就是按意群把句子拆散，逆着原文的句法排列，逐片往上倒译”，黄邦杰《译艺谭》，第133页），这样译出来的文字因是因，果是果，符合汉语的行文顺序。此外，“见好”、改“译缠：”等词的选择也非常精当。

德伯家的苔丝Tessofthed’Urbervilles英文读书报告经典

德伯家的苔丝Tessofthed’Urbervilles英文读书报告经典第一篇：德伯家的苔丝Tess of the d’Urbervilles 英文读书报告经典Tess of the d’UrbervillesIn Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature.This novel revealed the tragedy of lower classes’ destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals.In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England’s lower classes, particularly for women.The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it.In the novel, Thomas Hardy succeeded in portraying an artistic image-Tess.There were sensitivity and beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks.Her beauty is not kind of stunning beauty, but the more you approach to her, you will be more likely to indulge in her beauty.Although she is not an orthodox believer, she has her own pure pursuits of life and living criteria.Her integrated image of kindness and tenderness, tough-minded and plainness should own her a happy life.But it seems that God leaves her out.Alec in the novel is the son of a Manor owner, being dissolute and flirtatious in conduct;however, generally, he is not essentially a bad man.His strong desire to T ess is out of a sort of inherently desire and desire for possession.It’s very normal for such a young man.But he adopts a wrong way-he abducts Tess.He would like to take a part of responsibility of his behavior but Tess turn down his suggestion without hesitation.Tess’s self-respect can’t allow herself bend down to harm.Such a pure girl, should be so strong-mind to bear neighbor’s discrimination and secular p ressure and to take the consequences by herself.She has never asked Alec for help even when she is driven to the last ditch.Finally, Tess chooses to leave for another village where her past is not known and secures a job as a milkmaid at T albothays Dairy.She escapes from the old environment, meanwhile, prepares to make a new start.She fears a romantic love, at the same time, strongly looks forward to it.Anyway, she is only 21years old, she has the right to enjoy the pleasure that love can bring to her.There, she re-encounters Angel Clare who is eager for nature and full of dreams, is Tess’s Prince Charming, one of unfinished dreams in her girlhood.As for Angel Clare, Tess is part of his persistent vision.What he wants is a pure girl to be his wife.Such a match made in heaven will certainly wipe out spark of love.However, the process of their love is filled with difficulties and hardship.Tess, who is pure in mind, is tightly tided by worldly views so that she thinks she can’t marry to Clare for her unclean bod y.All the time she is hesitating about, bearing a keen pressure of sentiment and intellect, weather should her tell Angel about her past without reserve.The pain that Angel suffers in the pursuit of T ess is far away from Tess’s inner struggle.She could not confessto her lover for being terrified of losing him.And she could not give up the happiness within her grasp to refuse Clare against her will.At their wedding night, Angel confesses that he once had a brief affair with an older woman.When she hears this story, Tess feels sure that Angel will forgive her own indiscretion, and finally tells about her relationship with Alec.But things go contrary to her wishes.Angel, however, is appalled by Tess’s confession.His love to Tess is based on the sky garden of pure tower.Once the base is deprived, his love will collapse.His love is too fragile andvulnerable.Finally, he leaves for Brazil, leaving T ess alone, no messages, no letters and never back again.Tess has waiting for him eight years but can’t win back his he arts.When he realizes his heart, everything is too late.Tess has married to Alec after a long hopeless waiting.Afterwards, when Angel back, on the one hand, Tess felt happy, for her long waiting has come to an end.But on the other hand, she was more distressful and could not control her abhor to Alec.Thus, she killed the man who had destroyed her life.Though, Tess and Angel have spent the five happy days, her life is ended in revenge for love.But she is quiet when she faces the people coming to arrest her.S he says,”I was ready.”I know that Tess is happy at the last moment of her life.Because it’s her hope to be with the man who she loves sincerely and there is no need for her to worry about Angel’s despise.Tess, such a pretty and virtuous girl, should have led a happy and peaceful life, but God, “the president of the moral” plays a joke on her.The real tragedy is to display the process of ruining the perfection.Tess’s fate is a good representation.第二篇：《德伯家的苔丝》读书报告《德伯家的苔丝》读书报告班级汉语言081班姓名赵彤学号200850515133 书名：《德伯家的苔丝》出版社：外语教学与研究出版社、牛津大学出版社作者：托马斯·哈代（1840—1928）是英国最伟大的小说家和诗人之一。

关于德伯家的苔丝心得优秀

关于德伯家的苔丝心得优秀德伯家的苔丝（Tess of the d'Urbervilles）是英国作家托马斯·哈代于1891年创作的小说。

这个故事以其深刻的社会批判、对性别不平等和社会约束的揭示以及对苔丝这个角色的塑造而闻名于世。

德伯家的苔丝这个角色也成为了哈代作品中最具吸引力的女性形象之一，她的命运与她所处的社会环境之间的冲突使人们深思。

苔丝·德伯是一个普通的农家女孩，出生在传统的英国农村家庭中。

她是一个美丽、聪明和勤奋的女孩，但她的命运被家族的历史和社会的束缚所束缚。

她的家族是德伯家族的后裔，曾经是一个贵族家族，但现在已经没落，成为了农民。

然而，这个家族的历史在苔丝的生活中扮演了重要的角色，她被认为是家族的骄傲和希望。

然而，苔丝的命运却被家族的过去和社会的偏见所改变。

她被视为不洁的女性，因为她在一个村庄舞会上与一个富有的绅士亚历克斯·德伯有了婚外情，这个绅士由于与她发生性关系而对她的家庭产生了负面影响。

尽管苔丝的行为并没有伤害任何人，但社会对她的品格和道德进行了谴责，将她视为不洁的女性。

在整个故事中，哈代揭示了男女之间的性别不平等和社会对女性的约束。

苔丝是社会中的一个弱势群体，她无力对抗社会的压力，只能受到社会的压迫和对待。

她被迫以不公平和不公正的方式生活，她的美丽和智慧被社会所忽视和忽略。

她的悲剧与她所处的社会环境有着密切的关系，揭示了社会对女性的不公正和不平等对她生活的影响。

尽管面临着社会的压力和不公正的对待，苔丝仍然展示出了坚强和勇敢的一面。

她对自己的理想和价值观保持着坚定的信念，不愿意屈服于社会的压力和约束。

她努力追求自己的梦想，不断努力进步和提高自己的地位。

她通过对自己的行为和选择负责，不让社会的偏见和压力影响自己的判断和决策。

苔丝的命运最终被不公正的社会对待所改变，她最终成为了一个堕落的女性。

然而，尽管她失去了自己的美德和尊严，她的内心依然保持着坚定的信念和价值观。

TessofthedUrbervilles小说分析

Tess of the d'UrbervillesTess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy. Tess struggles all her life. The whole story is filled with a feeling of dismal and doom. The tragic of Tess and her family was not that of an individual family, but was symbolic of the disintegration of the English peasantry: a progress which had reached its final and tragic stage at the end of 19th century.Plot introduction:The novel goes through five distinct stages. 1) Tess’s family drives her to seek help from the d’Urbervilles, where she is seduced and dishonored. 2)Tess’s child died and she left home again to be a milkmaid, where she met Angel and married him. 3) Angel discovered her earlier seduction by Alec and decides to leave her, going off to Brazil and not answering her letters, and bringing Tess to despair.?4) Tess decided to be with Alec, who claims to love her; Angel’s return from Brazil to discover Tess marriage to her former seducer, and his meeting with Tess; 5) Tess’s murder of Alec and short-lived escape with Angel before being apprehended and executed.Characters:Tess d’Urberville: The heroine, the eldest daughter n a poor rural working family; a pure, pretty country girl.Alec d'Urberville: He was a handsome, immoral fraud. He seduced Tess and later pursued her cruelly until she agreed to become his mistress again. At last, he was killed by Tess.Angel Clare: The son of a clergyman; Tess's husband and true love. He considered himself a freethinker, but his notions of morality turned out to be fairly conventional. He represented a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodnessTheme:In this work, Hardy’s pessimistic and naturalist view of life is fully expressed: Mankind is subjected to the rule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune to human life.The novel also gives a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction.Writing skills:Hardy used the description of nature, irony and symbolism. Amongthese, symbolism is the most important. (E.g. Tess’ baby symbolized Tess’ bad circumstances which were out of Tess’ control.? This baby was innocent having done nothing wrong, but it was punished by society for coming from such an evil act.? Having been raped, Tess was also innocent of the crime, but she was still punished and pushed aside by society.)Owing to the mastery of symbolism and other skills of artistic talents, Hardy stands out among the numerous 19th century writers to earn himself a permanent name in the literary world. And Tess, she herself as a symbol of beauty and love in Hard y’s eyes, rises out as a glamorous figure among Hardy’s female images --- a pure woman who will always live in our heart.。

tess of the d'urbervilles英文摘抄

tess of the d'urbervilles英文摘抄（实用版）目录1.概述《德伯家的苔丝》的基本情节2.分析苔丝的性格特点3.探讨小说的社会意义4.总结《德伯家的苔丝》的文学价值正文《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家托马斯·哈代创作的一部经典小说。

故事讲述了苔丝这个年轻女孩的不幸遭遇，以及她在道德和社会压力下的悲剧人生。

苔丝是乡村姑娘，美丽善良，却因家境贫寒而遭受富家子弟亚历克·德伯的诱奸。

苔丝怀孕后，亚历克不辞而别。

苔丝生下孩子，却因无力抚养而将孩子送到孤儿院。

为了生活，苔丝来到一个农场打工，结识了青年安吉尔·克莱。

两人相爱并结婚，然而新婚之夜，苔丝向丈夫坦白了过去的一切。

克莱因接受不了这个事实，弃苔丝而去。

苔丝心灰意冷，最终走上了复仇之路，杀死了亚历克，然后被捕并被判处死刑。

苔丝的性格具有悲剧色彩，她坚强、勇敢，不屈服于命运。

她始终保持着对美好生活的向往，但命运却对她极为不公。

她的悲惨遭遇深刻反映了当时英国社会的严重问题，如贫富差距、阶级歧视、对女性的不公平待遇等。

《德伯家的苔丝》作为一部现实主义小说，具有很高的文学价值。

它揭示了社会的丑恶与黑暗，控诉了当时英国社会的种种不公。

同时，通过对苔丝的刻画，展示了一个勇敢面对命运挑战的女性形象。

这部小说对后世产生了深远的影响，被誉为英国文学史上的一部杰作。

总之，《德伯家的苔丝》以苔丝的不幸遭遇为主线，展现了一幅 19 世纪英国社会的现实画卷。

苔丝的悲剧人生，让我们深刻体会到当时社会的严重问题，以及女性在其中所遭受的种种不公。

tess of the d'urbervilles简介

tess of the d'urbervilles简介《德伯家的苔丝》是英国作家托马斯·哈代创作的一部小说，被认为是哈代最伟大的作品之一。

本文将对《德伯家的苔丝》进行简要介绍。

《德伯家的苔丝》以19世纪末英国乡村为背景，讲述了一个名叫苔丝的女主人公苔丝·达伯维尔的命运。

苔丝出生在一个贫困的农家，家庭生活十分艰辛。

然而，她具有出色的容貌和勇敢的性格，这使她有机会改变自己的命运。

故事开始时，苔丝因家庭的贫困而被送往亲戚家打工。

在那里，她遭遇了一个叫亚历克斯·德伯维尔的年轻绅士，他被苔丝的美貌所吸引，并迅速展开了追求。

然而，苔丝的不幸并没有停止。

由于一系列的不幸事件，她失去了工作，被迫转而寻找其他的生计。

在她的漂泊中，苔丝遇到了另一个男子，名叫安杰洛·克莱尔。

安杰洛是一个理想主义者，他憧憬着崇高的爱情和道德准则。

他被苔丝的纯洁和善良所吸引，二人开始了一段纯美的爱情。

然而，在他们即将结婚的时候，苔丝被迫向安杰洛坦白她过去的秘密，包括她和亚历克斯之间的关系以及她曾经遭受的悲惨命运。

安杰洛的理想主义在得知苔丝的过去后遭到了严重的考验，他无法接受苔丝的过去，并决定与她分手。

苔丝因此经历了巨大的痛苦和打击，她对这个伤害她心灵的世界感到绝望。

最终，她在追求自由和快乐的道路上选择了一种悲剧的结局。

《德伯家的苔丝》通过苔丝的故事刻画了19世纪英国社会的社会阶级和性别不平等问题。

苔丝是一个强大的女性形象，她经历了社会的不公正对待、男性的压迫和社会舆论的谩骂，但她依然坚持自己的尊严和信念。

她的命运成为了一种象征，揭示了当时社会对于女性的苛刻和对于道德标准的双重标准。

此外，《德伯家的苔丝》还以其深情的描写和刻画著称。

哈代通过细致入微的叙述，清晰地展现了英国乡村的风土人情和人与人之间的情感纠葛。

他以其独特的文笔，构建了一个真实而感人的故事，使读者深受感动和共鸣。

总体而言，《德伯家的苔丝》是一部兼具社会批判与感情描写的经典小说。

苔丝人物形象分析

2. She is a typical character with innocent and suffering 2、无辜受难的典型
2、She is a typical character with
innocent and suffering:
the reason for why Tess was always suffered was excellence, not sin. She paid for her family too much in that she was too softhearted; she looked forward to the better life with the encouragement of her self-respect and pure。无辜受难的典型：苔丝之所以受苦，与其说是罪过，毋宁说是美德。她的善良使她为家庭付出巨大代价；
苔丝人物形象分析
Tess of the D'urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy, describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess, the cause of which has always been the concern of people.
1、Perfect women figures: beautiful, pure,
kind-hearted, proud, traditional
A woman is not the so-called 100%
perfect woman. First, in the beautiful ancient village Tess is simple and has the traditional virtues. She is very simple, not like her parents, she wants a quiet life, the same as other village girls.

tess简介和人物分析_苔丝

AbstractTess, the heroine in Tess of the D'urbevilles, is depicted as a victim of the society. Being a beautiful, innocents honest, sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she is easily taken in and abused by the hypocritical bourgeoisie, constantly suppressed by the social comventions and moral values of the day, and eventually executed by the unfair legal system of the society. Her obsolute obedience to Angel as her weakness in character but also is an inevitability in a girl of her upbringing. And most important of all, it is the poverty of the family that forces her to improper relations once and again with Alec, and finally, to his muroler and her execution. On one hand, Tess's fate is personal, because she happens to be so beautiful, so pure, so innocent, so obedient, and so poor, and because she happens to get involved with the two men who, though apparent rivals, actually join their forecs in bringing about her destruction. On the other hand, her fate is a social one. It can be the fate of all the peasants who are driven out of their land and home and forced to seek somewhere else for sustenance.Analysis of major characters.Ⅰ.Tess DurbeyfieldTess of D’Ubervilles describes a tragedy of peasant girl-Tess-betraged and ruined by two men. Intelligent strikingly, and distinguished by her deep moral sensitivity and passionate intensity, Tess is indisputably the central character of the novel that bears his name. In part, Tess represents that changing role of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century. Possessing and education that her unschooled parents lack, since she has passed the Sixth Standard of the National Schools, Tess does not quite fit into the folk culture of her predecessors, but financial constraints keep her from rising to a higher station in life. She belongs in that higher world, however, as we discover on the first page of the novel with the news that the Durbeyfields are the surviving members of the noble and ancient family of the D’Urbervilles. There is aristocracy in Tess’s blood, visible in her graceful beauty-yet she is forced do work as a farmhand and milkmaid. When she tries to express her joy by singing lower-class folk ballads at the beginning of the third part of the novel, the do not satisfy her-she seems not quite comfortable with those popular songs. But, on the other hand, her diction, while more polished than her mother’s, is not quite up to the level of Alec’s or Angel’s. She is in between, both socially and culturally. Thus, Tess is a symbol of unclear and unstable notions of class in nineteenth-century Britain, where cold economic realities made sheer wealth more important than inner nobility.Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent b iblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when-like Tess herself after killing Prince of succumbing for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Ⅱ. Alec D’UrbervilleAlec D’Urberville is the nemesis and downfall of Tess’s life. His first name, Alexander suggest s the conqueror-as in Alexander the Great seizes what he wants regardless of moral propriety. Y et he is more slippery than a grand conqueror. His full last name, Stoke-D’urbervilles, symbolizes the split character of his family, whose origins are simpler than their pretensions to grandeur. Aft er all, Stokes is a blunt and inelegant name. Indeed, the divided and duplicitous character of Ale c is evident to the very end of this novel, when he quickly abandons his newfound Christian fait h upon remeeting Tess. It is hard to believe Alec holds his religion, or anything else, sincerely. H is supposed conversion may only be a new role he is playing.This duplicity of character is so intense in Alec, and its consequences for Tess so severe, th at he becomes diabolical. The first part of his surname conjures associations with fiery energies, as in the stoking of a furnace or the flames of hell. His devilish associations are evident when h e wields a pitchfork while addressing Tess early in the novel, and when he seduces her as the serpent in Genesis seduced Eve. Additionally, like the famous depiction of Satan in Milton’s Para dise Lost, Alec does not try to hide his bad qualities. In fact, like Satan, he revels in them. In C hapter 12, he bluntly tells Tess, “I suppose I am a bad fellow-a damn bad fellow. I was born ba dly, and I have lived badly, and I shall die bad, in all probability.”There is frank acceptance in t his admission and no shame. Some readers feel Alec is too wicked to be believable, but, like Te ss herself, he represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man. Like Satan, A lec symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatn ess.Ⅲ. Angel ClareThe other hero in the novel is Angel Clare, he is a freethinking son born into the family of a pro vincial person and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers, Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodne ss. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,”as he tells his fath er in chapter 18, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical y oung nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and i mproved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his distain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charis ma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays.As his name-in French, close to “Bright Angel”-suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but flo ats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather tha n burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passi onate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature”or “Demeter.”Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and bloo d woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied t o actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s.Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and onl y then he realizes has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who i nstructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life。

Tess of the d27Urbervilles小说分析

《徳伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧分析 Analysis of Tess's Tragedy in Tess of D'Urbervilles

摘要托马斯·哈代曾一度被评论家誉为“英国小说中的莎士比亚”。

他用史诗般的文字描绘了贫穷的农家女子苔丝短促而不幸的一生。

苔丝是一个贫穷农民的女儿，她的父亲获悉自己本是骑士世家徳伯家的嫡系子孙，于是便派苔丝去附近一个富户徳伯家认本家，从而遭遇到亚力克的引诱，而失身。

苔丝回家后生下一个孩子，不久后夭折。

在农场做工的时候，他遇到了安吉尔——一个牧师的儿子，两个人很快坠入爱河并且订了婚，新婚之夜，苔丝向安吉尔坦白了自己的遭遇，可是，安吉尔却未能原谅她，反而离开了她。

后来，贫穷再一次迫使苔丝回到亚力克身边。

于是悲剧发生了。

苔丝的悲剧不仅是社会的悲剧，同时也是性格的悲剧，她的悲剧不仅是客观的，更是主观的。

苔丝是资产阶级社会和资本主义入侵农村的受害者。

导致主人公苔丝悲惨命运的原因是多方面的，如家庭、社会、宗教、不公平的法律、传统的伦理道德及自身弱点。

关键词:《徳伯家的苔丝》；悲剧；原因；性格AbstractThomas Hardy was once called ―Shakespeare in British novel.‖He described poor Tess short and unfortunate life in an epic way. Tess, a daughter of villager who discovered that he was the descendant of an ancient family D‘Urbervilles, was persuaded by her parents to claim kindred with a more prosperous D‘Urbervilles and was seduced by the master Alec. Then she had to return home in disgrace. After back home, she delieved a child who died soon after born. Then she meets Angel Clare, son of a clergyman, and she falls in love with him and married him. On their wedding night Tess and Angel tell each other about their own past. Angel who gets the hypocritical morality deserts her seduction by Alec; then poverty makes her come back to Alec again and the tragedy happens. The tragedy of Tess is an individual one as well as a social one. Tess is the victim of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the English peasantry.Key W ords:Tess of D’Urbervilles; tragedy; cause; characterContents摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)Contents (iii)1 Introduction (1)2 Analysis of the Character Causes of Tess‘s Tragedy (2)2.1 Analysis of Self-factor in Tess‘s Tragedy (3)2.1.1 Analysis of Tess‘s Family (4)2.1.2 Analysis of Tess‘s Resistance (7)2.1.3 Analysis of Tess‘s Com promise (7)2.2 Analysis of Alec and Clare‘s Character Causes of Tess‘s Tragedy (8)2.2.1 Analysis of Alec‘s Character (8)2.2.2 Analysis of Clare‘s Character (9)3 Analysis of the Social and Environmental Causes in Tess‘s Tragedy (11)3.1 Hypocritical Capitalism Moral‘s View and Unequal Legal System (11)3.2 Impoverishment and Decay of Small Farmers (11)3.3 The Male Factor in Tess‘s Tragedy (12)4 Conclusion (14)References (15)Acknowledgements (16)1 IntroductionTess of the D’Urbervilles, the greatest novel of British famous writer Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) describes the misfortunate life of a poor peasant girl Tess.Hardy is famous for novels of character and environment. His birthplace was in a country which named Egdon in the Westland; this natural environment formed the main environment in the Hardy‘s writes. His father was a stonecutter, but like music. His parents paid more attention on Hardy‘s education. In his childhood, he received the education for theology but when he grew up, he turned to learn the literature. Hardy left school became an architect apprentice in 1856. And then he went to London and became a post of the building draftsman in 1862, also in this time he took advanced courses for language in London University and began literature creation. His literature career began with poetry. His first long novel was published in 1871, the celebrated work was his fourth novel Farm from Madding Crowd in the 1874. From then on and he dropped construction industry and devoted to the novel creation.From the late nineteen century, Thomas Hardy and his works have always been the important topics of the criticism for a long time. After the Second World War, with the development of modern literary criticism, different critics interpret Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Thomas Hardy‘s other novels from various perspectives. For instance, Professor Webster begins wit h a discussion of Hardy‘s intentions in writing Tess. According to his views, Tess of the D’Urbervilles is a contribution to Hardy‘s war against man‘s inhumanit y, While Amold Kettle takes a different point of view. For him, the subject of Tess of the D’Urb ervilles is not the tragedy of a ―pure woman‖ but rather the destruction of the English peasantry. Mr. Kettle considers it as a complete as a social novel.Tess of D’Urbervilles describes a tragic life about one beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. Tess was a poor peasant girl. At the beginning of the works we know Tess replaces her father to take the load of beehives herself to the retailers in Casterbridge for the Saturday market. On the way, a mail cart runs into her wagon and kills the horse. The encounter gets her family into the trap. For the benefit to her family, Tess tries to struggle with the bitter fate,Feeling guilty of indulgence in the outside pleasure without helping her mother. After May-Day dance, Tess hurries home to deal with the homework. Though Tess does things for her family and makes sacrifices. She still can‘t escape the tie of fate. Sent by her mother to claim kindred with a more prosperous branch of the D‘Urbervilles family, she was seduced by the young master of the house, Alec and had to return home in disgrace. After giving birth to a child who died in infancy, she went to work as wage-laborer at a daisy farm Talbothays. There she met Angel Clare, a son of clergyman and he felled in love with her and married her.On the wedding night, Tess and Clare told each other about their pasts, and Clare, after hearing Tess‘s confession left her abruptly for Brazil. Poverty forced Tess to seek for work for a long time at a capitalist farm at Flint comb-Ash where she was insulted and oppressed by the master. Then the news of her father‘s death and the expulsion of her family from their cottage drive her to seek for assistance from Alec, and the latter, now a preacher, soon resumes his former illicit relation with her. In the end, when Clare finally came to tell her that he had forgiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She hated Alec because one again he had been the cause of her husband‘s reputation of her, Feeling that she played a most inglorious part and she would be happy if Alec was dead, in addition, Alec said many bad words to satirize her. She stabbed him as he slept. Then she ran out of the houses and followed Angel. They had a few happy days together. Living with the husband she truly loved, she was ready for her punishment.In this novel, we can see that Tess resisted her unjust fate again and again, yet still to be destroyed. We cannot help but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear. At the same time we deeply feel that her tragedy is inevitable. The cause of her tragedy has always been the concern of the Victoria times, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin. What leads to her tragic destiny? What killed her? In the paper, I try to show the various causes of Tess‘s tra gedy on the base of some early researches and to prove the inevitability of Tess‘s tragedy.2 Analysis of the Character Causes of T ess’s T ragedyThis story describes the miserable experience of a rural girl. But too unfortunate to overthrow this girl who calls Tess, she relies on her own hands to work, moving people with her own sincerity. She is ―a pure woman‖. Finally she winds up with the tragedy, which is why people often discuss her as the source of the tragedy. She was fighting against the society, the hypocritical religion. She has shown in front of common people her own practical action that she is insulted, which indicates a resisting powerful woman‘s images.2.1 Analysis of Self-factor in T ess’s TragedyTess‘s tragedy not only results from t he external causes but also from the internal ones. And only through the internal causes, the external causes become operative. The tragedy that results from the conflict between man and her self is the tragedy of character. Tess‘s tragedy is the tragedy of character. On one hand, Tess struggles bravely against her destiny and the conventional morality. She desires for happiness and true love. On the other hand, she cannot completely get rid of social conventions and moral standards of the day, which makes her believe that she has to pay for what she has sinned. She yields to the arrangement of the fate (Ackerman, 1996: 49). The latter is the weakness in her character.When Tess falls in love with angel Clare, she still cannot get rid of her sense of guilt. ―Her love for him acts to blot out the memories of the past in her, but she is always aware that her forgetfulness is only temporary, that the doubts, fears, and shame were only waiting like wolves just outside the light. One night, when the two of them were sitting indoor, she suddenly exclaims that she is not worthy of him.‖ (Hardy, 1993: 189) After their wedding ceremony, Tess is sad by the time they come back to the farm. She is tortured by guilt. She asks herself, if she has any right to be Mrs. Angel C lare. Tess‘s deep sense of guilt makes her submit to Angel‘s maltreatment without resistance, thinking she deserves it. Undoubtedly, this kind of character helps to make external causes operative (Xu, 2007: 80).This is the first point about her character. The second is her purity which can be reflected in two aspects.First, there is not any trace of vanity in her behavior. Although her parents are benighted and her family is poor, Tess still keeps the working people‘s virtue. She detects her parent‘commonplace words and deeds, despises noble origin and considers herself the daughter of villager, she says:“Pooh-I have much of mother as father in! All my prettiness comes and I was only a dairymaid .‖ (Chapter , 103)The second aspect is Tess‘s honesty. Al though she is seduced by Alec, she is not willing to become his plaything and leaves him resolutely. When Alec lures her with money, Tess is describe like that:Her lips lifted slightly, though there was little scorn as a rule in her large and impulsive na ture. ―I have said I will not take anything more from you, and I will not-I can not! I should be your creature to go on doing that: and I won‘t!‖ (chapter12. 78)Although in the bourgeois society, the moral standard for man and woman is very different; Tes s‘s faithful love to Angel and her honesty still make her confess her relation with Alec to Angel:“Tess, say it is not true? No, it is not true!‖“It‘s true..“Every word ?‖“Every word‖(chapter36, 239)In the novel, Tess is portrayed as a brave girl, hard –working and sweet- natured and innocent, yet she is free from the influence of social conventions and moral standards of the day. Her purity obviously is not welcomed by the bourgeois society.2.1.1 Analysis of Tess’s FamilyTess is the daughter of a very poor villager. Her parents are very benighted. When her father finds he is the descendent of an ancient aristocratic family, D‘Urbervilles, he is immensely proud of himself although there is nothing valuable left in his hand. He even goes to hotel and drinks very much until Tess and her mother come to look for him. When Tess and her mother support his arms to go back home, there is such description:On reaching the fresh air he was sufficiently unsteady to incline the row if three at one moment as if they were marching to London and at another as if they were marching to Bath-with produced a comical effect, frequent enough in families on nocturnal home goings;and, like most comical effects, not quite so comic after all. The two women valiantly disguised there forced excursions and countermarches as well as they could from themselves: and so they approached by degrees their own door the head of the family bursting suddenly into his former refrain as he drew near; as if to fortify his soul at sight of the smallness of his present residence: (Liu, 2007: 103)“I‘ve got a family vault at Kings beer!‖ (chapter4,23)“Hush-don‘t be so silly, Jack,‖ Said his wife, ―Yours is not the only family that was of count in world days. Look at the Anktells, and Horseys, and the Thringhams themselves gone to seed almost as much as you-though you was bigger folks than they, that‘s true. Thank God, I was never of no family, and have nothing to be ashamed of in that way!‖“Don‘t you be so sure of that. From your father ‗tis my belief you‘ve disgraced yourselves more than any of us, and week kings and queens outright at one time.‖Tess turned the subject by saying what was far more prominent in her own mind at the moment than thoughts of her ancestry-“I‘m afraid father won‘t be a ble to take the journey with the beehives tomorrow so early.‖“I? I shall be all right in an hour or two.‖ said Durbeyfield (chapter4, 24).From their conversation and the description of Durbeyfield‘s drunkenness, we can see the foolishness of Tess‘s paren ts, and of course, which is mainly caused by poverty. The author Hardy takes some very humorous words to describe their bitterness caused by poverty.All these young souls were passengers in the Durbeyfield ship-entirely dependent on the judgment of the Durbeyfield adults for their pleasures, their necessities, their health, their existence. If the heads of the Durbeyfield‘s household chose to sail into difficulty, disaster, starvation, disease, degradation, death, thither were these half dozen little captives under hatches compelled to sail with them-six helpless creatures who had never been asked if they wished for life on any terms, much less if they wished for it on such hard conditions as were involved being of the shiftless house of Durbeyfield (Chapter3, 18)Under the great poverty, Tess‘s parents become more and more apathetic and vulgar. When they have a more prosperous relative, what they have in mind is to ask Tess to claim kindred with Alec. Tess isn‘t willing to go, but she has no idea about her family‘s poverty. Onthe day when she is going to visit Alec there‘s such a conversation in her family;Her mother expostulated, ―Y ou will never set out to; see your folks without dressing up more than dand that?‖ (chapter7,44)“But, I am going to work!‖ s aid Tess.“Well, yes,‖ said Mrs. Durbeyfield, and in a private tone, ―at first there mid be a little pretence, but I think it will be wiser of‘ee to put your best side outward,‖ she added.“V ery well; I suppose you know best,‖ replied Tess with calm abando nment.And to please her parents the girl put herself quite in Joan hands, saying serenely ―Do what you like with me, mother.‖ (chapter7, 44)Along these lines, we can see a very apathetic father and a vulgar mother, and also a pure girl who is weak and in competent. Why Tess‘s family, but also in many families, especially peasants.Her family, started early in the story broken broken up by six or seven years ago. As writers and issued by emotion in the book as ―Norman‘s blood, not Victoria-dynasty‘s wealth as an aid, and what of it!‖ dignitaries of origin did not bring any benefits to Tess, her tragedy is Thus began. They are farmers and the general difficulties of life Bitter. Her father is a lazy hearts softened, and he not only own, ignoring the others, and too alcoholic. Her mother is just a superficial of the laity, not so much a mother as she said she is a bog boy. However, the parents of these two incompetent but has seven children. Therefore, the heavy burden of the family will keep pressure on the shoulders of Tess. Tess is so in love with her sisters and brothers that she could not bear to see them live in destitution among. As a result, her has been decided that-sooner or later tragedy, but it may be in a different way. In order to show off their so-called ―elite‖status and to meet the humble vanity, delusion by Tess‘s parents, ―claiming kin,‖―marriage‖approach to enhance their own status. Although Tess hate the hypocrisy of their parents, despised noble origin, insisting that they are women and farmers. She is to live on their own work, but she is the boss at home, Her parents can make a heavy family burden without premature drop on shoulder. Tess reluctantly ordered the mother to comply with the counterfeit money to defect to his family. Vices o f the victim and the ritual became a sinner. Later ,she uprooted from their homes for their families, everywhere scoop Park, suffered a lot, when in the dead end. Or for the family, go back to Alec side.2.1.2 Analysis of Tess’s ResistanceTreat with the bad young man Alec. Tess revolts constantly. Although she became a disgrace woman, she always holds an inviolable attitude to Alec. She dropped originally may enjoy easy and comfortable life, fostered the child lonely. Periphery discriminates the judgment has not certainly frightened her; she silently endured the unfair in the life. Although life gave her only attack and disaster, she all can tenaciously endure and undertake and never set the excessive request to the life. The second time Tess meet Alec just her lives in the most difficult time. Faced every enticement of Alec, she basic remains unmoved, Tess was not willing to compromise.However, disaster arrived. Tess‘s father died and her family was expelled from the village. Tess entrusted the body once again to Alec in order to get her mother and little brother and sisters a place to live, but anti-makes in light of this had not ended, submits is only temporary. In the end, when Clare finally came to tell her that he had forgiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She now hated Alec because once again he had been the cause of her husband‘s repudiation of her. Feeling that she played a most inglorious part and she would be happy if Alec was dead, in addition, Alec said many bad words to satirize her. She used a knife killed Alec; this is inevitable result of her innermost feelings revolt. Tess had the ending of violent resistance to evil just her character to a higher level.2.1.3 Analysis of Tess’s CompromiseThe other side of Tess‘s social character is resigned to bad conditions. Tess adopts completely another kind of manner to treat Clare. The relationship between lovers should be equal, but Tess constantly disparages herself and raises Clare. At the beginning of love ―she loves he e xtremely, she looks he as the god.‖ (Thomas Hard, 261)“To her sublime trustfulness he was all that goodness could be – knew all that a guide, philosopher, and friend should know. She thought every line in the contour of his person the perfection of mascul ine beauty, his soul the soul of a saint, his intellect that of a seer……The compassion of his love for her, as she saw it, made her lift up her heart to him in devotion.‖ (Thomas Hardy, 276)This is a love which how strong is blazing actually acts sterilely. In front of love, Tesshas lost herself, has lost the dignity. Just this kind of blind, unequal love make Tess dropped the happy right as a wife, deepened her tragedy.Tess write a confession letter to Clare before married, and then tell her ―crime‖, bu t Clare is the traditional morals defender of traditional moral principles, his ―new mind‖ demand Tess gives forgiveness and tolerant for his profligate behavior in the past. Tess has done, but the tragic past of Tess, actually cannot obtain Clare repays-like the intolerance. Tess has not done revolts slightly face Clare heartless abandonment. Oppositely, she said: ―I certainly like a low pitiful slave of yours, absolute obeys you. If you ask me not to be able to fall to the ground, suicide killed, and I do not violate you.‖ (Thomas Hardy,352) Clare cruel-heartedly leaves; Tess never reduces her love to Clare. A passionate letter actually cannot call Clare‘s ice-cold heart. In the end, when Clare finally came to her that he had forgiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She now hated Alec because once again he had been the cause of her husband‘s repudiation of her.2.2 Analysis of Alec and Clare’s Character Causes of T ess’s TragedyIn this novel to male leading character‘s description ha s reflected at that time the capitalist society darkness and false capitalism morals view. People‘s character also takes a very important part. In this novel, the writer though the environment to describe Tess‘s tragic fate, but the other reasons caused th is result is people‘s character, Alec and Clare are very closely to Tess fate.2.2.1 Analysis of Alec’s CharacterAlec is the emerging bourgeoisie‘s representatives; he is representing the bourgeois society‘s authority, the wealth and the evil, Tess‘s tra gic life reason to him. His father is a rich merchant, but after crown by aristocrat D‘Urbervilles surname. This young man lay on his father‘s money and power dominates the native place. When he meets Tess, the dissolute lascivious countenance is completely unmasked; he supposes the snare that destroyed young girl‘s pure and chaste and the life happiness. Harmed others to benefit him, resorts to all means to satisfy own absurd fleshly desires, and not only displayed the countryside landlord class‘s essentia l characteristic, but also manifested the property realistic characteristic.Although afterwards he changed in old pastor Clare help next evilly reforms, however, several dozens years abuse eradicates by no means. When he meets Tess‘s family is in has no h ome. It can be said, Tess‘s life is the might and the violence victim which the Alec thunder represents.2.2.2 Analysis of Clare’s CharacterIf someone says Alec representative‘s evil force is the direct reason to cause Tess‘s tragedy, then the traditional ethics morality survives on Angel Clare devastates to Tess is one kind invisible, the more fearful spirit injures. Angel Clare is a complex artistic image. On his body, not only has the certain enlightened thought, but also is retaining the traditional moral prejudice. Although he born in a pastor family, not willing to be a pastor ―serves for God‖, he is willing to work at farming, ―serves for the metropolis lively life, he wants to go the country to do the arduous physical labor as those farmers, tries hard to grasp each kind of class the agricultural technology. In nature bosom, he feels the village life is simple and in the love question, he mild-mannered and cultivate, serious and earnest, pay more attention on emotion, all of these are different with Alec. This explanations he was the Bourgeois intellectuals who has the free thought at that time, but he departs from to this social class also is extremely limited, He will be engaged in the agricultural production the goal is for later to be a large landed estate. He not only as soon as starts to recognize Tess could be a good steward in the future, the most important is he love Tess not like her to love his such selfless and sincere. In his eyes, Tess is ―nature ‗s new born daughter‖, however, once she confessed the insult to him which receive, then on his body preserves the inherent morals have strangled in his heart the real sentiment. Although he also have had the profligate behavior, and obtained Tess ‗s forgiving, but actually is not willing to for give originally innocent Tess. This indicated his heart‘s core traditional morals ethics idea ingrained , he regards a woman from traditional chastity view to be chaste or not, this has given Tess by devastating attack. If we say because the Alec thunder ferocious adversary caused the desire and the future hope of her live.Then, Clare to her abandonment, said in some kind of degree, then has destroyed her spiritual prop (because Tess really loves him).Thus, his return caused her to feel the humiliation which own received, thus caused its pain, the lamentation; to despair has achievedthe apex. Her finally killed Alec, not only must prove own helpless, simultaneously also are must to the person which loves prove own innocent.From this, I may say that, is pr ecisely by Alec representative‘s evil force and Clare himself preserves the traditional ethics morality, together pushed Tess to the tragic abyss.3Analysis of the Social and Environmental Causes inTess’s TragedyIn this novel, Hardy emphasizes the real istic cause of Tess‘s tragedy, including the disintergration of English peasantry and the hypocritical morality of bourgeois society. Throughout the novel, we get the impression that the tragedy of Tess is made by the imposed fate, including the hypocritical morality of that time, rather than Fate and Chance. Tess cannot escape her tragic fate unless she escapes from the society. In fact, Tess‘s tragedy is shared by most of the poor peasants.3.1 Hypocritical Capitalism Moral View and Unequal Legal SystemTess was lived in the Victorian era when capitalism invaded the rural England. She was a hardworking, kind-hearted, intelligent and beautiful girl; but regarded as a laborer, a man of poor agricultural workers, she has low social status that naturally will received oppression and humiliation in the capitalist society. By analyzing this novel we can know that in Victoria time, Tess‘s tragedy was due to social morals root. In the capitalist society, legal regime and moral outlook all maintains the exploiting class oppresses people‘s authority as the township, did all kinds of evil things, but they was protected by the law. Tess actually is condemned the death penalty. This just was explaining bourgeoisie politics system reactionary and indicated the unimportant persons in the lower level social class were impossible to obtain the fair treatment in the society. We may see in the novel, such as Alec this thunder actually receives the bourgeoisie state apparatus and the religious morals protection.3.2 Impoverishment and Decay of Small FarmersThis story has happened in the southern countries of England. Small famer‘s impoverishment and the decay which the writer really describes these which to be hired the farmers and seeks the work. These laborers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.Let us see the economic crisis took place in bourgeois world and led to the social change. The change made many peasants lose their lands and became peasant workers. Large quantities of peasant were bankrupt. It is the s ame with the D‘Urbervilles. Their narrow minds and stupidity make them puzzled. The society is so cruel that it does not give them a chance to live and makes them discard their children. Tests was born into the family of a poor rural tradesman. Her father drinks a lot and doesn‘t work hard. Her mother herself is like a child and never thinks about the future. There are many children in their family. Her mother sends her to claim kin with a distant relative of noble D‘Urbervilles family in the hope of her fa mily was worse, that means the bankrupt of the family. Her disjoint from the country leads to her later tragedy; the young master Alec seduces her and the following pregnancy compels Tess to return home in dis grace. Her tragic life was begun.3.3 The Male F actor in T ess’s TragedyThis section mainly refers to Alec and Angel.Alec is an upstart on behalf of the bourgeoisie, a typical playboy. His image is a symbol of Western civilization hiding under the cloak of barbaric cruelty of sex desire. He also bel ieves that the beauty of Tess is negative, because a woman‘s beauty is the bait to lure men‘s desire. From his view of male point, this seems to imply that his possession of Tess is due to the temptation of her beauty. The first time that Tess went to claim kindred is very reluctant to Tess. With the feelings of shyness and shame, Tess went to D‘Urbervilles and starts her acquaintance with Alec. Later Alec threatened to Tess in every possible way, but Tess would prefer to remain in the poor cave, to endure the cruel exploitation and oppressed, to bear the heavy manual work overload, but unwilling to yield to Alec, or accepts his help. However, her father dies, her mother is ill, her brothers and sisters are out of school, their house lease is expired, the fa mily have no place to shelter. For the whole family‘s life, Tess had to refer to Alec, becomes his mistress and accepts his help (Jiang, 2007:96). Since then, she completely ruined her happiness of life. The whole life of Tess is the victim of Alec‘s power and violence.As to Angel, he is the incarnation of traditional ethical concepts. Angel and Alec are completely different. He is an intellectual and has liberal thinking; He despises class prejudice and hierarchy; He dislikes bustling city life and is longing to the countryside farming; He is。

tess英文原著鉴赏

blood
Changing ideas of social class In Victorian English
fortune and worldly success cash matters more than lineage
Man dominating woman
• man’s full knowledge of his exploitation Alec Tess Angel Tess
Main characters
Tess Durbeyfield Angel Clare Alec d'Urberville John Durbeyfield Joan Durbeyfield
Tess of the D’Urbervilles
农民的贫穷的女儿
诱骗 D'Urbervilles 寻找回来
Tess of the d'Urbervilles
Thomas
Hardy
Review from others
• Virginia Woolf称他是“英国小说 •
中的最伟大的悲剧大师” Weber称他是“英国小说中的莎士比亚”
Thomas Hardy
Major works
Novels of romance and fantasy A Pair of Blue Eyes, 1873《一双湛蓝的秋波》 The Trumpet Major, 1880《号兵长》 Two on a Tower, 1882《塔上二人》 The well-Beloved, 1897《意中人》 A Group of Noble Dames, 1891《一群贵妇人》 Novels of love trapping Desperate Remedies, 1871《计出无奈》第一部出版小说 The Hand of Etherberta, 1876,《埃塞尔伯塔的手》 A Laodicean, 1881《冷漠的人》 Novels of character and environment Under the Greenwood Tree ,1872《树林下》第一部乡村

从斯坦纳翻译观赏析Tess of the D' Urbervilles英译本

从斯坦纳翻译观赏析Tess of the D' Urbervilles英译本黄霁歆【期刊名称】《海外英语(上)》【年(卷),期】2016(000)007【摘要】在二十世纪七十年代时期的翻译，译者无法在翻译过程中体现其主体性。

随着翻译的发展，译者成为了翻译活动的中心，成为影响翻译作品的主要因素。

斯坦纳翻译观的核心也就是强调译者的主体性，将译者的地位及发挥的作用在翻译过程中予以彰显。

该文从斯坦纳翻译观的四个步骤对Tess of the D' Urbervilles一书中的两个英译本进行分析，以进一步确立译者主体性的地位，为今后翻译实践提供理论依据。

【总页数】2页(P96-97)【作者】黄霁歆【作者单位】遵义医学院外国语学院，贵州遵义563000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H315.9【相关文献】1.Characteristics Determine Fate --An Analysis of Tess＇ Tragedy in Tess of the D ＇Urbervilles [J], HUO Feng-chun;JING Jing;2.Thomas Hardy and his Tess of the d＇Urbervilles： Analysis of symbolism in Tess of the d＇Urbervilles [J], CHEN Hui-zhen3.A Stylistic Analysis of Conversations between Tess and Alec in Tess of theD’Urberville from a Pragmatic Approach [J], 曹忠凯4.An Analysis of the Reason Why Tess Loses Virginity from Her Conversations with Alec in Tess of the D’Urbervilles Based on the Cooperative Principle [J], 张郁佳5.The Main Characters’ effect on the Tragical Ending of TessD’Urbervilles in Tess of the D’Ur bervilles [J], 吕元斌因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

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❖ It seemed to be of solid stone, without joint or moulding.
❖ A colossal rectangular pillar
❖ At an indefinite height overhead something made the black sky blacker, which had the semblance of a vast architrave uniting the pillars horizontally.
❖ “A very Temple of the Winds”
❖ The heathen temple
❖ In paragraph 32 “And you used to say at Talbothays that I was a heathen. So now I am at home.” How do you understand it?
❖ What are the descriptions of Stonehenge in the text?
❖ Vast erection, rising sheer from the grass
❖ The wind, playing upon the edifice, produced a booming tune, like the note of some gigantic one-stringed harp.
❖ Did Tess want to leave the deserted mansion?
❖ No.
❖ How do you know about it?
❖ “I am not going to think outside of now. why should we? Who knows what tomorrow has in store?”
❖ How do you understand them?
❖ Both Tess and Angel realize that they might not escape England to another place where Tess might go unpunished.
❖ This emphasizes the theme that Tess is unable to escape her fate.
❖ Tess’s last words run like this: “Angel, I am almost glad---yes, glad! This happiness could not have lasted. It was too much. I have had enough; and now I shall not live for you to despise me!”
❖ Whenever he suggested that they should leave their shelter and go forwards towards Southampton or London she showed a strange unwillingness to move.
❖ What are paragraphs 13-16 about?
❖ Tess and Angel are disturbed and decided to go on with their escape.
❖ What are paragraphs 17-19 about?
❖ Once again on their way and their pass of the city Melchester during night.
❖ By nature Tess is tender-hearted. She does not want but is driven to be crazy to kill Alec.
❖ What are paragraphs 10-12 about?
❖ The old caretaker discovered Tess and Angle while arriving the house to air it.
❖ She is afraid of what might happen if they leave their present situation---what if Clare changes his attitude towards her---from love to despise.
❖ How do you understand “But considering what my life has been I cannot see why any man should, sooner or later, be able to help despising me… how wickedly mad I was! Yet formerly I never could bear to hurt a fly or worm, and the sight of a bird in a cage used often to make me cry.”?
❖ Despite the tragic conclusion to Tess d’Urbeyfield’s life, both Tess and Angel accept her fate , for this is a final end to her suffering. Having experienced pain and hardship almost entirely since leaving home for Trantridge, Tess can only expect more difficulties, even after reuniting with Angel. The only option that Angel has before Tess’s demise is to ensure that her end is not proerstand Tess’s repetitive mentioning “I shall not live for you to despise me”(para.7,para. 56)?
❖ She thinks she is unworthy of Angel’s love.
❖ Angel calls Tess a heathen, and Alec treats her like one. Tess is religious though not in a conventional way. She believes in being good and charitable but refuses to believe that God---if there is one---would care more about the letter than the spirit of the Bible. She takes tender care of the wounded animals left in her charge.
❖ “Why should we put an end to all that’s sweet and lovely!” she deprecated.
❖ “What must come will come.”
❖ “All is trouble outside there: inside here content.”
❖ Why did Tess not want to leave the deserted mansion?
❖ Tess is reluctant to leave their shelter and go toward Southampton or London, for she wonders why they must put an end to all that is sweet and lovely. She says that what must come will come.
Tess of D’urbervilles
Thomas Hardy
❖ What are paragraph 1-paragraph 9 about?
❖ Five days pass, and Angel and Tess slowly lapse back into their original love. They make little mention of their estrangement. For a brief period, Tess and Angel remain at the empty mansion as husband and wife, yet this happiness is a nearly grotesque one, for the couple essentially has their honeymoon as they travel as fugitives.
❖ 10th line from the top of P128 ❖ Her story, then was true! ❖ How do you understand this sentence?
❖ In the previous chapter when Tess tells Angel that she had to kill Alec because he wronged Angel. At first Angel thinks she is delirious. So when she begs Angel’s forgiveness, he tells her he loves her. At last he realizes she is serious, though he still does not believe she has actually killed Alec. He agrees to protect her. It is at this moment that he believes what she tells him.